3212:(NIOSH) has been conducting an assessment in the workplace since then regarding these drugs. Occupational exposure to antineoplastic drugs has been linked to multiple health effects, including infertility and possible carcinogenic effects. A few cases have been reported by the NIOSH alert report, such as one in which a female pharmacist was diagnosed with papillary transitional cell carcinoma. Twelve years before the pharmacist was diagnosed with the condition, she had worked for 20 months in a hospital where she was responsible for preparing multiple antineoplastic drugs. The pharmacist did not have any other risk factor for cancer, and therefore, her cancer was attributed to the exposure to the antineoplastic drugs, although a cause-and-effect relationship has not been established in the literature. Another case happened when a malfunction in biosafety cabinetry is believed to have exposed nursing personnel to antineoplastic drugs. Investigations revealed evidence of genotoxic biomarkers two and nine months after that exposure.
3329:
individuals should receive information and training to inform them of the hazards of the drugs present in their areas of work. They should be informed and trained on operations and procedures in their work areas where they can encounter hazards, different methods used to detect the presence of hazardous drugs and how the hazards are released, and the physical and health hazards of the drugs, including their reproductive and carcinogenic hazard potential. Additionally, they should be informed and trained on the measures they should take to avoid and protect themselves from these hazards. This information ought to be provided when health care workers come into contact with the drugs, that is, perform the initial assignment in a work area with hazardous drugs. Moreover, training should also be provided when new hazards emerge as well as when new drugs, procedures, or equipment are introduced.
2257:
792:
interactions, genetics, and obesity, which have major impacts on the actual concentration of the drug in the person's bloodstream. As a result, there is high variability in the systemic chemotherapy drug concentration in people dosed by BSA, and this variability has been demonstrated to be more than ten-fold for many drugs. In other words, if two people receive the same dose of a given drug based on BSA, the concentration of that drug in the bloodstream of one person may be 10 times higher or lower compared to that of the other person. This variability is typical with many chemotherapy drugs dosed by BSA, and, as shown below, was demonstrated in a study of 14 common chemotherapy drugs.
2239:
3338:
agents before and after each activity as well as at the end of their shifts. Cleaning should always be done using double protective gloves and disposable gowns. After employees finish up cleaning, they should dispose of the items used in the activity in a yellow chemotherapy waste container while still wearing protective gloves. After removing the gloves, they should thoroughly wash their hands with soap and water. Anything that comes into contact or has a trace of the antineoplastic drugs, such as needles, empty vials, syringes, gowns, and gloves, should be put in the chemotherapy waste container.
1107:
1701:
2274:
911:
3630:. They bind to the tumor antigen and are internalised, where the linker releases the drug into the cell. These specially targeted delivery vehicles vary in their stability, selectivity, and choice of target, but, in essence, they all aim to increase the maximum effective dose that can be delivered to the tumor cells. Reduced systemic toxicity means that they can also be used in people who are sicker and that they can carry new chemotherapeutic agents that would have been far too toxic to deliver via traditional systemic approaches.
768:
69:
3424:
3241:
vapors. Multiple studies have investigated inhalation as a route of exposure, and although air sampling has not shown any dangerous levels, it is still a potential route of exposure. Ingestion by hand to mouth is a route of exposure that is less likely compared to others because of the enforced hygienic standard in the health institutions. However, it is still a potential route, especially in the workplace, outside of a health institute. One can also be exposed to these hazardous drugs through injection by
796:
823:
1303:
1495:
3577:
15398:
788:, using the recipient's weight and height, rather than by direct measurement of body area. This formula was originally derived in a 1916 study and attempted to translate medicinal doses established with laboratory animals to equivalent doses for humans. The study only included nine human subjects. When chemotherapy was introduced in the 1950s, the BSA formula was adopted as the official standard for chemotherapy dosing for lack of a better option.
15419:
2927:
3744:(European Standard Operating Procedures of Electrochemotherapy), the Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) for electrochemotherapy were prepared, based on the experience of the leading European cancer centres on electrochemotherapy. Recently, new electrochemotherapy modalities have been developed for treatment of internal tumors using surgical procedures, endoscopic routes or percutaneous approaches to gain access to the treatment area.
2289:(alopecia) can be caused by chemotherapy that kills rapidly dividing cells; other medications may cause hair to thin. These are most often temporary effects: hair usually starts to regrow a few weeks after the last treatment, but sometimes with a change in color, texture, thickness or style. Sometimes hair has a tendency to curl after regrowth, resulting in "chemo curls." Severe hair loss occurs most often with drugs such as
3142:. Chemotherapeutic drugs may be used at high doses to permanently remove the recipient's bone marrow cells (myeloablative conditioning) or at lower doses that will prevent permanent bone marrow loss (non-myeloablative and reduced intensity conditioning). When used in non-cancer setting, the treatment is still called "chemotherapy", and is often done in the same treatment centers used for people with cancer.
1803:), or isolated infusion of chemotherapy into the liver or the lung have been used to treat some tumors. The main purpose of these approaches is to deliver a very high dose of chemotherapy to tumor sites without causing overwhelming systemic damage. These approaches can help control solitary or limited metastases, but they are by definition not systemic, and, therefore, do not treat distributed metastases or
3435:
847:
836:
3237:
is potentially exposed to hazardous drugs. Health care workers are exposed to drugs in different circumstances, such as when pharmacists and pharmacy technicians prepare and handle antineoplastic drugs and when nurses and physicians administer the drugs to patients. Additionally, those who are responsible for disposing antineoplastic drugs in health care facilities are also at risk of exposure.
3156:
2366:. Chemotherapies with high risk include procarbazine and other alkylating drugs such as cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, busulfan, melphalan, chlorambucil, and chlormethine. Drugs with medium risk include doxorubicin and platinum analogs such as cisplatin and carboplatin. On the other hand, therapies with low risk of gonadotoxicity include plant derivatives such as vincristine and vinblastine,
3320:
directly in the yellow chemotherapy waste container with the lid closed. Protective equipment should be removed and put into a disposable chemotherapy waste container. After this has been done, one should double bag the chemotherapy waste before or after removing one's inner gloves. Moreover, one must always wash one's hands with soap and water before leaving the drug administration site.
860:
hematologic side effects were eliminated. Because of the reduced toxicity, dose-adjusted patients were able to be treated for longer periods of time. BSA-dosed people were treated for a total of 680 months while people in the dose-adjusted group were treated for a total of 791 months. Completing the course of treatment is an important factor in achieving better treatment outcomes.
2853:, a process in which multiple copies of a gene are produced by cancer cells. This overcomes the effect of drugs that reduce the expression of genes involved in replication. With more copies of the gene, the drug can not prevent all expression of the gene and therefore the cell can restore its proliferative ability. Cancer cells can also cause defects in the cellular pathways of
3254:
occasions have adverse reproductive outcomes such as spontaneous abortions, stillbirths, and congenital malformations. Moreover, studies have shown that exposure to these drugs leads to menstrual cycle irregularities. Antineoplastic drugs may also increase the risk of learning disabilities among children of health care workers who are exposed to these hazardous substances.
3760:
CDDP-resistant cells. In regard to the potential benefit that drug-resistant cells can be recruited for effective therapy by combining chemotherapy with hyperthermia, it was important to show that chemoresistance against several anticancer drugs (e.g. mitomycin C, anthracyclines, BCNU, melphalan) including CDDP could be reversed at least partially by the addition of heat.
3368:
sparingly. However, the test played a significant role in changing the use of horizontal flow cabinets to vertical flow biological safety cabinets during the preparation of antineoplastic drugs because the former exposed health care workers to high levels of drugs. This changed the handling of drugs and effectively reduced workers' exposure to antineoplastic drugs.
2849:, in order to protect themselves from chemotherapeutics. Research on p-glycoprotein and other such chemotherapy efflux pumps is currently ongoing. Medications to inhibit the function of p-glycoprotein are undergoing investigation, but due to toxicities and interactions with anti-cancer drugs their development has been difficult. Another mechanism of resistance is
3299:, one should inspect gloves for physical defects before use and always wear double gloves and protective gowns. Health care workers are also required to wash their hands with water and soap before and after working with antineoplastic drugs, change gloves every 30 minutes or whenever punctured, and discard them immediately in a chemotherapy waste container.
7648:
1520:, for example, the adjacent unopened DNA winds tighter (supercoils), like opening the middle of a twisted rope. The stress caused by this effect is in part aided by the topoisomerase enzymes. They produce single- or double-strand breaks into DNA, reducing the tension in the DNA strand. This allows the normal unwinding of DNA to occur during
1246:. Fluorouracil is a nucleobase analogue that is metabolised in cells to form at least two active products; 5-fluourouridine monophosphate (FUMP) and 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine 5'-phosphate (fdUMP). FUMP becomes incorporated into RNA and fdUMP inhibits the enzyme thymidylate synthase; both of which lead to cell death. Capecitabine is a
2869:, can occur which prevent the drugs from binding to the protein, leading to resistance to these types of drugs. Drugs used in chemotherapy can induce cell stress, which can kill a cancer cell; however, under certain conditions, cells stress can induce changes in gene expression that enables resistance to several types of drugs. In
1182:. These drugs exert their effect by either blocking the enzymes required for DNA synthesis or becoming incorporated into DNA or RNA. By inhibiting the enzymes involved in DNA synthesis, they prevent mitosis because the DNA cannot duplicate itself. Also, after misincorporation of the molecules into DNA,
3391:. In addition to this, there are other drugs used to measure the drugs directly in the urine, although they are rarely used. A measurement of these drugs directly in one's urine is a sign of high exposure levels and that an uptake of the drugs is happening either through inhalation or dermally.
3743:
Clinical electrochemotherapy has been successfully used for treatment of cutaneous and subcutaneous tumors irrespective of their histological origin. The method has been reported as safe, simple and highly effective in all reports on clinical use of electrochemotherapy. According to the ESOPE project
803:
The result of this pharmacokinetic variability among people is that many people do not receive the right dose to achieve optimal treatment effectiveness with minimized toxic side effects. Some people are overdosed while others are underdosed. For example, in a randomized clinical trial, investigators
3346:
A written policy needs to be in place in case of a spill of antineoplastic products. The policy should address the possibility of various sizes of spills as well as the procedure and personal protective equipment required for each size. A trained worker should handle a large spill and always dispose
2893:
are often less severe than that seen of cytotoxic chemotherapeutics, life-threatening effects can occur. Initially, the targeted therapeutics were supposed to be solely selective for one protein. Now it is clear that there is often a range of protein targets that the drug can bind. An example target
818:
Several clinical studies have demonstrated that when chemotherapy dosing is individualized to achieve optimal systemic drug exposure, treatment outcomes are improved and toxic side effects are reduced. In the 5-FU clinical study cited above, people whose dose was adjusted to achieve a pre-determined
12339:
Mir LM, Gehl J, Sersa G, Collins CG, Garbay JR, Billard V, Geertsen PF, Rudolf Z, O'Sullivan GC, Marty M (2006). "Standard operating procedures of the electrochemotherapy: Instructions for the use of bleomycin or cisplatin administered either systemically or locally and electric pulses delivered by
12311:
Marty M, Sersa G, Garbay JR, Gehl J, Collins CG, Snoj M, Billard V, Geertsen PF, Larkin JO, Miklavcic D, Pavlovic I, Paulin-Kosir SM, Cemazar M, Morsli N, Soden DM, Rudolf Z, Robert C, O'Sullivan GC, Mir LM (2006). "Electrochemotherapy – An easy, highly effective and safe treatment of cutaneous and
3687:
drugs. Nanoparticles can be targeted passively or actively. Passive targeting exploits the difference between tumor blood vessels and normal blood vessels. Blood vessels in tumors are "leaky" because they have gaps from 200 to 2000 nm, which allow nanoparticles to escape into the tumor. Active
3319:
Hospital workers should never remove tubing from an IV bag that contains an antineoplastic drug, and when disconnecting the tubing in the system, they should make sure the tubing has been thoroughly flushed. After removing the IV bag, the workers should place it together with other disposable items
3240:
Dermal exposure is thought to be the main route of exposure due to the fact that significant amounts of the antineoplastic agents have been found in the gloves worn by healthcare workers who prepare, handle, and administer the agents. Another noteworthy route of exposure is inhalation of the drugs'
3236:
administration. In most cases, before the medication is administered to the patient, it needs to be prepared and handled by several workers. Any worker who is involved in handling, preparing, or administering the drugs, or with cleaning objects that have come into contact with antineoplastic drugs,
2844:
is a major cause of treatment failure in chemotherapeutic drugs. There are a few possible causes of resistance in cancer, one of which is the presence of small pumps on the surface of cancer cells that actively move chemotherapy from inside the cell to the outside. Cancer cells produce high amounts
2229:
have been developed and commercialized, becoming a nearly universal standard in chemotherapy regimens, and helping to successfully manage these symptoms in many people. Effective mediation of these unpleasant and sometimes debilitating symptoms results in increased quality of life for the recipient
2224:
are two of the most feared cancer treatment-related side-effects for people with cancer and their families. In 1983, Coates et al. found that people receiving chemotherapy ranked nausea and vomiting as the first and second most severe side-effects, respectively. Up to 20% of people receiving highly
859:
In the same study, investigators compared the incidence of common 5-FU-associated grade 3/4 toxicities between the dose-adjusted people and people dosed per BSA. The incidence of debilitating grades of diarrhea was reduced from 18% in the BSA-dosed group to 4% in the dose-adjusted group and serious
3759:
Hyperthermia has also been shown to help prevent or reverse "chemo-resistance." Chemotherapy resistance sometimes develops over time as the tumors adapt and can overcome the toxicity of the chemo medication. "Overcoming chemoresistance has been extensively studied within the past, especially using
3367:
Urinary mutagenicity is a marker of exposure to antineoplastic drugs that was first used by Falck and colleagues in 1979 and uses bacterial mutagenicity assays. Apart from being nonspecific, the test can be influenced by extraneous factors such as dietary intake and smoking and is, therefore, used
3261:
effects. In the past five decades, multiple studies have shown the carcinogenic effects of exposure to antineoplastic drugs. Similarly, there have been research studies that linked alkylating agents with humans developing leukemias. Studies have reported elevated risk of breast cancer, nonmelanoma
3253:
Hazardous drugs expose health care workers to serious health risks. Many studies show that antineoplastic drugs could have many side effects on the reproductive system, such as fetal loss, congenital malformation, and infertility. Health care workers who are exposed to antineoplastic drugs on many
2888:
are a relatively new class of cancer drugs that can overcome many of the issues seen with the use of cytotoxics. They are divided into two groups: small molecule and antibodies. The massive toxicity seen with the use of cytotoxics is due to the lack of cell specificity of the drugs. They will kill
2112:
can result when the recipient does not eat or drink enough, or when the person vomits frequently, because of gastrointestinal damage. This can result in rapid weight loss, or occasionally in weight gain, if the person eats too much in an effort to allay nausea or heartburn. Weight gain can also be
1986:
before any fever or sign of infection appears. Quinolones show effective prophylaxis mainly with hematological cancer. However, in general, for every five people who are immunosuppressed following chemotherapy who take an antibiotic, one fever can be prevented; for every 34 who take an antibiotic,
791:
The validity of this method in calculating uniform doses has been questioned because the formula only takes into account the individual's weight and height. Drug absorption and clearance are influenced by multiple factors, including age, sex, metabolism, disease state, organ function, drug-to-drug
3739:
Electrochemotherapy is the combined treatment in which injection of a chemotherapeutic drug is followed by application of high-voltage electric pulses locally to the tumor. The treatment enables the chemotherapeutic drugs, which otherwise cannot or hardly go through the membrane of cells (such as
3493:
to prepare for possible retaliation in the event of German use of chemical warfare. The survivors were later found to have very low white blood cell counts. After WWII was over and the reports declassified, the experiences converged and led researchers to look for other substances that might have
2534:
are affected. CIPN often follows the first chemotherapy dose and increases in severity as treatment continues, but this progression usually levels off at completion of treatment. The platinum-based drugs are the exception; with these drugs, sensation may continue to deteriorate for several months
875:
One approach that can help clinicians individualize chemotherapy dosing is to measure the drug levels in blood plasma over time and adjust dose according to a formula or algorithm to achieve optimal exposure. With an established target exposure for optimized treatment effectiveness with minimized
2395:
of semen, ovarian tissue, oocytes, or embryos. As more than half of cancer patients are elderly, this adverse effect is only relevant for a minority of patients. A study in France between 1999 and 2011 came to the result that embryo freezing before administration of gonadotoxic agents to females
7533:
Rodgers GM, Becker PS, Bennett CL, Cella D, Chanan-Khan A, Chesney C, Cleeland C, Coccia PF, Djulbegovic B, Garst JL, Gilreath JA, Kraut EH, Lin WC, Matulonis U, Millenson M, Reinke D, Rosenthal J, Sabbatini P, Schwartz RN, Stein RS, Vij R (July 2008). "Cancer- and chemotherapy-induced anemia".
3337:
When performing cleaning and decontaminating the work area where antineoplastic drugs are used, one should make sure that there is sufficient ventilation to prevent the buildup of airborne drug concentrations. When cleaning the work surface, hospital workers should use deactivation and cleaning
3328:
All employees whose jobs in health care facilities expose them to hazardous drugs must receive training. Training should include shipping and receiving personnel, housekeepers, pharmacists, assistants, and all individuals involved in the transportation and storage of antineoplastic drugs. These
3294:
that is designed to decrease worker exposure. Additionally, it recommends training of all staff, the use of cabinets, implementing an initial evaluation of the technique of the safety program, and wearing protective gloves and gowns when opening drug packaging, handling vials, or labeling. When
3315:
Drugs should only be administered using protective medical devices such as needle lists and closed systems and techniques such as priming of IV tubing by pharmacy personnel inside a ventilated cabinet. Workers should always wear personal protective equipment such as double gloves, goggles, and
10825:
Montaudié H, Sbidian E, Paul C, Maza A, Gallini A, Aractingi S, Aubin F, Bachelez H, Cribier B, Joly P, Jullien D, Le Maître M, Misery L, Richard MA, Ortonne JP (May 2011). "Methotrexate in psoriasis: a systematic review of treatment modalities, incidence, risk factors and monitoring of liver
2829:). To counteract this they then signal for new blood vessels to grow. The newly formed tumor vasculature is poorly formed and does not deliver an adequate blood supply to all areas of the tumor. This leads to issues with drug delivery because many drugs will be delivered to the tumor by the
2428:
in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, a study of people conditioned with cyclophosphamide alone for severe aplastic anemia came to the result that ovarian recovery occurred in all women younger than 26 years at time of transplantation, but only in five of 16 women older than 26 years.
871:
The FOLFOX study also demonstrated an improvement in treatment outcomes. Positive response increased from 46% in the BSA-dosed group to 70% in the dose-adjusted group. Median progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) both improved by six months in the dose adjusted group.
3755:
is heat treatment for cancer that can be a powerful tool when used in combination with chemotherapy (thermochemotherapy) or radiation for the control of a variety of cancers. The heat can be applied locally to the tumor site, which will dilate blood vessels to the tumor, allowing more
698:
involves treating a person with a number of different drugs simultaneously. The drugs differ in their mechanism and side-effects. The biggest advantage is minimising the chances of resistance developing to any one agent. Also, the drugs can often be used at lower doses, reducing
962:
is the primary cause for their anti-cancer effects. DNA is made of two strands and the molecules may either bind twice to one strand of DNA (intrastrand crosslink) or may bind once to both strands (interstrand crosslink). If the cell tries to replicate crosslinked DNA during
3302:
The gowns used should be disposable gowns made of polyethylene-coated polypropylene. When wearing gowns, individuals should make sure that the gowns are closed and have long sleeves. When preparation is done, the final product should be completely sealed in a plastic bag.
10679:
Pfirschke C, Engblom C, Rickelt S, Cortez-Retamozo V, Garris C, Pucci F, Yamazaki T, Poirier-Colame V, Newton A, Redouane Y, Lin YJ, Wojtkiewicz G, Iwamoto Y, Mino-Kenudson M, Huynh TG, Hynes RO, Freeman GJ, Kroemer G, Zitvogel L, Weissleder R, Pittet MJ (February 2016).
6697:
O'Grady, Naomi P.; Alexander, Mary; Burns, Lillian A.; Dellinger, E. Patchen; Garland, Jeffrey; Heard, Stephen O.; Lipsett, Pamela A.; Masur, Henry; Mermel, Leonard A.; Pearson, Michele L.; Raad, Issam I.; Randolph, Adrienne G.; Rupp, Mark E.; Saint, Sanjay (1 May 2011).
2117:
drugs. Low-certainty evidence also suggests that probiotics may have a preventative and treatment effect of diarrhoea related to chemotherapy alone and with radiotherapy. However, a high index of suspicion is appropriate, since diarrhoea and bloating are also symptoms of
4909:
Capitain O, Asevoaia A, Boisdron-Celle M, Poirier AL, Morel A, Gamelin E (December 2012). "Individual fluorouracil dose adjustment in FOLFOX based on pharmacokinetic follow-up compared with conventional body-area-surface dosing: a phase II, proof-of-concept study".
4860:
Saam J, Critchfield GC, Hamilton SA, Roa BB, Wenstrup RJ, Kaldate RR (September 2011). "Body surface area-based dosing of 5-fluoruracil results in extensive interindividual variability in 5-fluorouracil exposure in colorectal cancer patients on FOLFOX regimens".
2072:
and is often fatal unless promptly recognized and aggressively treated. Successful treatment hinges on early diagnosis provided by a high index of suspicion and the use of CT scanning, nonoperative treatment for uncomplicated cases, and sometimes elective right
2930:
The four phases of the cell cycle. G1 – the initial growth phase. S – the phase in which DNA is synthesised. G2 – the second growth phase in preparation for cell division. M – mitosis; where the cell divides to produce two daughter cells that continue the cell
771:
Dose response relationship of cell killing by chemotherapeutic drugs on normal and cancer cells. At high doses the percentage of normal and cancer cells killed is very similar. For this reason, doses are chosen where anti-tumour activity exceeds normal cell
3481:(cancers of the lymphatic system and lymph nodes) were given the drug by vein, rather than by breathing the irritating gas. Their improvement, although temporary, was remarkable. Concurrently, during a military operation in World War II, following a German
711:
is given after a local treatment (radiotherapy or surgery). It can be used when there is little evidence of cancer present, but there is risk of recurrence. It is also useful in killing any cancerous cells that have spread to other parts of the body. These
2889:
any rapidly dividing cell, tumor or normal. Targeted therapies are designed to affect cellular proteins or processes that are utilised by the cancer cells. This allows a high dose to cancer tissues with a relatively low dose to other tissues. Although the
1545:. Drugs that target topoisomerase II can be divided into two groups. The topoisomerase II poisons cause increased levels enzymes bound to DNA. This prevents DNA replication and transcription, causes DNA strand breaks, and leads to programmed cell death (
11517:
DeJoy DM, Smith TD, Woldu H, Dyal MA, Steege AL, Boiano JM (July 2017). "Effects of organizational safety practices and perceived safety climate on PPE usage, engineering controls, and adverse events involving liquid antineoplastic drugs among nurses".
3306:
The health care worker should also wipe all waste containers inside the ventilated cabinet before removing them from the cabinet. Finally, workers should remove all protective wear and put them in a bag for their disposal inside the ventilated cabinet.
2506:(CIPN), a progressive, enduring, and often irreversible condition, causing pain, tingling, numbness and sensitivity to cold, beginning in the hands and feet and sometimes progressing to the arms and legs. Chemotherapy drugs associated with CIPN include
2453:
usually is recommended if pregnancy in this period is found during chemotherapy. Second- and third-trimester exposure does not usually increase the teratogenic risk and adverse effects on cognitive development, but it may increase the risk of various
12304:
7731:
Berger AM, Abernethy AP, Atkinson A, Barsevick AM, Breitbart WS, Cella D, Cimprich B, Cleeland C, Eisenberger MA, Escalante CP, Jacobsen PB, Kaldor P, Ligibel JA, Murphy BA, O'Connor T, Pirl WF, Rodler E, Rugo HS, Thomas J, Wagner LI (August 2010).
971:. Alkylating agents will work at any point in the cell cycle and thus are known as cell cycle-independent drugs. For this reason, the effect on the cell is dose dependent; the fraction of cells that die is directly proportional to the dose of drug.
12367:
Soden DM, Larkin JO, Collins CG, Tangney M, Aarons S, Piggott J, Morrissey A, Dunne C, O'Sullivan GC (February 2006). "Successful application of targeted electrochemotherapy using novel flexible electrodes and low dose bleomycin to solid tumours".
2985:. They prevent mitosis by various mechanisms including damaging DNA and inhibition of the cellular machinery involved in cell division. One theory as to why these drugs kill cancer cells is that they induce a programmed form of cell death known as
1229:
and purine production, which are both essential for DNA synthesis and cell division. Pemetrexed is another anti-metabolite that affects purine and pyrimidine production, and therefore also inhibits DNA synthesis. It primarily inhibits the enzyme
245:
by means of interfering with cell division (mitosis) but cancer cells vary widely in their susceptibility to these agents. To a large extent, chemotherapy can be thought of as a way to damage or stress cells, which may then lead to cell death if
3498:. Since then, many other drugs have been developed to treat cancer, and drug development has exploded into a multibillion-dollar industry, although the principles and limitations of chemotherapy discovered by the early researchers still apply.
2328:. It is usually associated with systemic treatment due to the high mitotic rate of hair follicles, and more reversible than androgenic hair loss, although permanent cases can occur. Chemotherapy induces hair loss in women more often than men.
7684:"Comparison of different platelet count thresholds to guide administration of prophylactic platelet transfusion for preventing bleeding in people with haematological disorders after myelosuppressive chemotherapy or stem cell transplantation"
11190:
914:
Two DNA bases that are cross-linked by a nitrogen mustard. Different nitrogen mustards will have different chemical groups (R). The nitrogen mustards most commonly alkylate the N7 nitrogen of guanine (as shown here) but other atoms can be
2225:
emetogenic agents in this era postponed, or even refused potentially curative treatments. Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) are common with many treatments and some forms of cancer. Since the 1990s, several novel classes of
5157:
Bartelink IH, Bredius RG, Belitser SV, Suttorp MM, Bierings M, Knibbe CA, et al. (2014). "Association
Between Busulfan Exposure and Outcome in Children Receiving Intravenous Busulfan Before Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation".
7056:
Elad S, Zadik Y, Hewson I, Hovan A, Correa ME, Logan R, Elting LS, Spijkervet FK, Brennan MT (August 2010). "A systematic review of viral infections associated with oral involvement in cancer patients: a spotlight on
Herpesviridea".
2857:(programmed cell death). As most chemotherapy drugs kill cancer cells in this manner, defective apoptosis allows survival of these cells, making them resistant. Many chemotherapy drugs also cause DNA damage, which can be repaired by
2784:
Chemotherapy does not always work, and even when it is useful, it may not completely destroy the cancer. People frequently fail to understand its limitations. In one study of people who had been newly diagnosed with incurable,
3606:
Specially targeted delivery vehicles aim to increase effective levels of chemotherapy for tumor cells while reducing effective levels for other cells. This should result in an increased tumor kill or reduced toxicity or both.
1953:
Although people receiving chemotherapy are encouraged to wash their hands, avoid sick people, and take other infection-reducing steps, about 85% of infections are due to naturally occurring microorganisms in the person's own
1332:. They are hollow, rod-shaped structures that are required for cell division, among other cellular functions. Microtubules are dynamic structures, which means that they are permanently in a state of assembly and disassembly.
3359:
program must be established. In case of exposure, occupational health professionals need to ask for a detailed history and do a thorough physical exam. They should test the urine of the potentially exposed worker by doing a
876:
toxicities, dosing can be personalized to achieve target exposure and optimal results for each person. Such an algorithm was used in the clinical trials cited above and resulted in significantly improved treatment outcomes.
3138:). Conditioning regimens are used to suppress the recipient's immune system in order to allow a transplant to engraft. Cyclophosphamide is a common cytotoxic drug used in this manner and is often used in conjunction with
1841:
of the body, such as blood cells and the cells lining the mouth, stomach, and intestines. Chemotherapy-related toxicities can occur acutely after administration, within hours or days, or chronically, from weeks to years.
278:(hair loss). Because of the effect on immune cells (especially lymphocytes), chemotherapy drugs often find use in a host of diseases that result from harmful overactivity of the immune system against self (so-called
739:), repeated doses must be administered to continue to reduce the size of the tumor. Current chemotherapy regimens apply drug treatment in cycles, with the frequency and duration of treatments limited by toxicity.
689:
Consolidation chemotherapy is given after remission in order to prolong the overall disease-free time and improve overall survival. The drug that is administered is the same as the drug that achieved remission.
1565:. The second group, catalytic inhibitors, are drugs that block the activity of topoisomerase II, and therefore prevent DNA synthesis and translation because the DNA cannot unwind properly. This group includes
722:
Salvage chemotherapy or palliative chemotherapy is given without curative intent, but simply to decrease tumor load and increase life expectancy. For these regimens, in general, a better toxicity profile is
804:
found 85% of metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) did not receive the optimal therapeutic dose when dosed by the BSA standard—68% were underdosed and 17% were overdosed.
2587:
are found in the blood. High levels of phosphate induce secondary hypoparathyroidism, resulting in low levels of calcium in the blood. This causes kidney damage and the high levels of potassium can cause
3716:
and magnetic particles. Nanoparticles made of magnetic material can also be used to concentrate agents at tumor sites using an externally applied magnetic field. They have emerged as a useful vehicle in
867:
regimen. The incidence of serious diarrhea was reduced from 12% in the BSA-dosed group of patients to 1.7% in the dose-adjusted group, and the incidence of severe mucositis was reduced from 15% to 0.8%.
2472:
In males previously having undergone chemotherapy or radiotherapy, there appears to be no increase in genetic defects or congenital malformations in their children conceived after therapy. The use of
1773:
basis. For continuous, frequent or prolonged intravenous chemotherapy administration, various systems may be surgically inserted into the vasculature to maintain access. Commonly used systems are the
4813:"Individual fluorouracil dose adjustment based on pharmacokinetic follow-up compared with conventional dosage: results of a multicenter randomized trial of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer"
11198:
735:
is often used as a measure to determine whether a person can receive chemotherapy, or whether dose reduction is required. Because only a fraction of the cells in a tumor die with each treatment (
8467:
Courbiere B, Decanter C, Bringer-Deutsch S, Rives N, Mirallié S, Pech JC, De
Ziegler D, Carré-Pigeon F, May-Panloup P, Sifer C, Amice V, Schweitzer T, Porcu-Buisson G, Poirot C (September 2013).
2772:
Nutritional problems are also frequently seen in cancer patients at diagnosis and through chemotherapy treatment. Research suggests that in children and young people undergoing cancer treatment,
9162:"Platinum-induced ototoxicity in children: a consensus review on mechanisms, predisposition, and protection, including a new International Society of Pediatric Oncology Boston ototoxicity scale"
11228:
5114:
Buffery PJ, Allen KM, Chin PK, Moore GA, Barclay ML, Begg EJ (February 2014). "Thirteen years' experience of pharmacokinetic monitoring and dosing of busulfan: can the strategy be improved?".
3756:
chemotherapeutic medication to enter the tumor. Additionally, the tumor cell membrane will become more porous, further allowing more of the chemotherapeutic medicine to enter the tumor cell.
3316:
protective gowns when opening the outer bag and assembling the delivery system to deliver the drug to the patient, and when disposing of all material used in the administration of the drugs.
2800:. This is because the brain has an extensive system in place to protect it from harmful chemicals. Drug transporters can pump out drugs from the brain and brain's blood vessel cells into the
1194:(the DNA synthesis phase). For this reason, at a certain dose, the effect plateaus and proportionally no more cell death occurs with increased doses. Subtypes of the anti-metabolites are the
2522:, and the platinum-based drugs. Whether CIPN arises, and to what degree, is determined by the choice of drug, duration of use, the total amount consumed and whether the person already has
2187:
may be a consequence of the cancer or its treatment, and can last for months to years after treatment. One physiological cause of fatigue is anemia, which can be caused by chemotherapy,
705:
chemotherapy is given prior to a local treatment such as surgery, and is designed to shrink the primary tumor. It is also given for cancers with a high risk of micrometastatic disease.
3477:. It was reasoned that an agent that damaged the rapidly growing white blood cells might have a similar effect on cancer. Therefore, in December 1942, several people with advanced
3087:; and anti-proliferative properties. Although methotrexate is used to treat both multiple sclerosis and ankylosing spondylitis, its efficacy in these diseases is still uncertain.
2480:
might increase this risk. In females previously having undergone chemotherapy, miscarriage and congenital malformations are not increased in subsequent conceptions. However, when
2384:. This loss is not necessarily a direct effect of the chemotherapeutic agents, but could be due to an increased rate of growth initiation to replace damaged developing follicles.
1739:). According to a recent (2016) systematic review, oral therapies present additional challenges for patients and care teams to maintain and support adherence to treatment plans.
1343:
are the two main groups of anti-microtubule agents, and although both of these groups of drugs cause microtubule dysfunction, their mechanisms of action are completely opposite:
6484:
Minotti G, Menna P, Salvatorelli E, Cairo G, Gianni L (June 2004). "Anthracyclines: molecular advances and pharmacologic developments in antitumor activity and cardiotoxicity".
3568:. In terms of metaphorical language, 'chemotherapy' can be paralleled with the idea of a 'storm', as both can cause distress but afterwards may have a healing/cleaning effect.
3051:. In some cases they are often used at lower doses, which means that the side effects are minimized, while in other cases doses similar to ones used to treat cancer are used.
2789:, more than two-thirds of people with lung cancer and more than four-fifths of people with colorectal cancer still believed that chemotherapy was likely to cure their cancer.
2396:
caused a delay of treatment in 34% of cases, and a live birth in 27% of surviving cases who wanted to become pregnant, with the follow-up time varying between 1 and 13 years.
250:
is initiated. Many of the side effects of chemotherapy can be traced to damage to normal cells that divide rapidly and are thus sensitive to anti-mitotic drugs: cells in the
2535:
after the end of treatment. Some CIPN appears to be irreversible. Pain can often be managed with drug or other treatment but the numbness is usually resistant to treatment.
12989:
12156:
Larkin, John O.; Collins, Christopher G.; Aarons, Simon; Tangney, Mark; Whelan, Maria; O'Reily, Seamus; Breathnach, Oscar; Soden, Declan M.; O'Sullivan, Gerald C. (2007).
4947:"Modeling the 5-fluorouracil area under the curve versus dose relationship to develop a pharmacokinetic dosing algorithm for colorectal cancer patients receiving FOLFOX6"
3035:), which mobilizes immune cells with antitumor functions. Chemotherapeutic drugs that cause cancer immunogenic tumor cell death can make unresponsive tumors sensitive to
9961:
2181:
and new drugs to increase platelet counts during chemotherapy are being developed. Sometimes, chemotherapy treatments are postponed to allow platelet counts to recover.
2165:. Myelosuppressive therapy can cause a tendency to bleed easily, leading to anemia. Medications that kill rapidly dividing cells or blood cells can reduce the number of
1190:) is induced. Unlike alkylating agents, anti-metabolites are cell cycle dependent. This means that they only work during a specific part of the cell cycle, in this case
6118:
Ngo QA, Roussi F, Cormier A, Thoret S, Knossow M, Guénard D, Guéritte F (January 2009). "Synthesis and biological evaluation of vinca alkaloids and phomopsin hybrids".
11080:
Bacigalupo A, Ballen K, Rizzo D, Giralt S, Lazarus H, Ho V, Apperley J, Slavin S, Pasquini M, Sandmaier BM, Barrett J, Blaise D, Lowski R, Horowitz M (December 2009).
4999:
Hunter RJ, Navo MA, Thaker PH, Bodurka DC, Wolf JK, Smith JA (February 2009). "Dosing chemotherapy in obese patients: actual versus assigned body surface area (BSA)".
12262:
Testori A, Tosti G, Martinoli C, Spadola G, Cataldo F, Verrecchia F, Baldini F, Mosconi M, Soteldo J, Tedeschi I, Passoni C, Pari C, Di Pietro A, Ferrucci PF (2010).
9693:
Gerstner ER, Fine RL (June 2007). "Increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier to chemotherapy in metastatic brain tumors: establishing a treatment paradigm".
3279:
2649:(liver damage) can be caused by many cytotoxic drugs. The susceptibility of an individual to liver damage can be altered by other factors such as the cancer itself,
2488:
is practised between or shortly after treatment, possible genetic risks to the growing oocytes exist, and hence it has been recommended that the babies be screened.
8291:
Hijiya N, Hudson MM, Lensing S, Zacher M, Onciu M, Behm FG, Razzouk BI, Ribeiro RC, Rubnitz JE, Sandlund JT, Rivera GK, Evans WE, Relling MV, Pui CH (March 2007).
747:
The effectiveness of chemotherapy depends on the type of cancer and the stage. The overall effectiveness ranges from being curative for some cancers, such as some
222:
for cancer: they are introduced into the blood stream (the system) and therefore can treat cancer anywhere in the body. Systemic therapy is often used with other,
2592:. Although prophylaxis is available and is often initiated in people with large tumors, this is a dangerous side-effect that can lead to death if left untreated.
1478:
alkaloids in that they bind to tubulin, inhibiting microtubule formation. Podophyllotoxin is used to produce two other drugs with different mechanisms of action:
1138:
are a group of molecules that impede DNA and RNA synthesis. Many of them have a similar structure to the building blocks of DNA and RNA. The building blocks are
2865:. Upregulation of these genes can overcome the DNA damage and prevent the induction of apoptosis. Mutations in genes that produce drug target proteins, such as
5528:
3245:. Research conducted in this area has established that occupational exposure occurs by examining evidence in multiple urine samples from health care workers.
819:
target exposure realized an 84% improvement in treatment response rate and a six-month improvement in overall survival (OS) compared with those dosed by BSA.
15350:
14430:
12557:
12552:
9868:
Moschovi M, Critselis E, Cen O, Adamaki M, Lambrou GI, Chrousos GP, Vlahopoulos S (2015). "Drugs acting on homeostasis: challenging cancer cell adaptation".
3209:
1585:
are a varied group of drugs that have various mechanisms of action. The common theme that they share in their chemotherapy indication is that they interrupt
7181:
5655:
Wagstaff AJ, Ibbotson T, Goa KL (2003). "Capecitabine: a review of its pharmacology and therapeutic efficacy in the management of advanced breast cancer".
10444:
Kehe K, Balszuweit F, Steinritz D, Thiermann H (September 2009). "Molecular toxicology of sulfur mustard-induced cutaneous inflammation and blistering".
7649:"Prophylactic platelet transfusion for prevention of bleeding in patients with haematological disorders after chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation"
7154:
5488:"Heterocyclic quinones XIII. Dimerization in the series of 5,8-quinazolinediones: Synthesis and anti tumor effects of bis(4-amino-5,8-quinazolinediones)"
2825:
in tumors are very different from those seen in normal tissues. As a tumor grows, tumor cells furthest away from the blood vessels become low in oxygen (
2543:
Some people receiving chemotherapy report fatigue or non-specific neurocognitive problems, such as an inability to concentrate; this is sometimes called
3538:). Ehrlich was not optimistic that effective chemotherapy drugs would be found for the treatment of cancer. The first modern chemotherapeutic agent was
887:
dosing rely upon results from blood tests to calculate the optimal dose for each person. Simple blood tests are also available for dose optimization of
11384:
1765:
Depending on the person, the cancer, the stage of cancer, the type of chemotherapy, and the dosage, intravenous chemotherapy may be given on either an
6804:
Verhoef C, de Wilt JH, ten Hagen TL, Eggermont AM (October 2008). "Isolated hepatic perfusion for the treatment of liver tumors: sunset or sunrise?".
776:
Dosage of chemotherapy can be difficult: If the dose is too low, it will be ineffective against the tumor, whereas, at excessive doses, the toxicity (
11220:
902:
The serum albumin level immediately prior to chemotherapy administration is an independent prognostic predictor of survival in various cancer types.
14398:
7647:
Estcourt L, Stanworth S, Doree C, Hopewell S, Murphy MF, Tinmouth A, Heddle N, et al. (Cochrane
Haematological Malignancies Group) (May 2012).
1837:
Chemotherapeutic techniques have a range of side effects that depend on the type of medications used. The most common medications affect mainly the
12982:
5313:
Siddik ZH (2005). "Mechanisms of Action of Cancer
Chemotherapeutic Agents: DNA-Interactive Alkylating Agents and Antitumour Platinum-Based Drugs".
2804:
and blood circulation. These transporters pump out most chemotherapy drugs, which reduces their efficacy for treatment of brain tumors. Only small
2014:
4/6 approved for the prevention of myelosuppression caused by chemotherapy. The drug is given before chemotherapy to protect bone marrow function.
6874:
Chitwood K, Etzkorn J, Cohen G (September 2013). "Topical and intralesional treatment of nonmelanoma skin cancer: efficacy and cost comparisons".
15407:
7682:
Estcourt LJ, Stanworth SJ, Doree C, Hopewell S, Trivella M, Murphy MF, et al. (Cochrane
Haematological Malignancies Group) (November 2015).
667:
Induction chemotherapy is the first line treatment of cancer with a chemotherapeutic drug. This type of chemotherapy is used for curative intent.
7314:
Gibson RJ, Keefe DM (September 2006). "Cancer chemotherapy-induced diarrhoea and constipation: mechanisms of damage and prevention strategies".
2683:
and also due direct effects of drug clearance by the kidneys. Different drugs will affect different parts of the kidney and the toxicity may be
1987:
one death can be prevented. Sometimes, chemotherapy treatments are postponed because the immune system is suppressed to a critically low level.
1762:. The devices have different applications regarding duration of chemotherapy treatment, method of delivery and types of chemotherapeutic agent.
9646:"Temozolomide, a novel alkylating agent with activity in the central nervous system, may improve the treatment of advanced metastatic melanoma"
8588:"Pregnancies following high-dose cyclophosphamide with or without high-dose busulfan or total-body irradiation and bone marrow transplantation"
2346:
is secondary acute myeloid leukemia, which develops primarily after treatment with alkylating agents or topoisomerase inhibitors. Survivors of
5869:
van Der
Heijden R, Jacobs DI, Snoeijer W, Hallard D, Verpoorte R (March 2004). "The Catharanthus alkaloids: pharmacognosy and biotechnology".
13423:
13408:
3202:
3194:
11496:
11300:"Reproductive Health Risks Associated with Occupational Exposures to Antineoplastic Drugs in Health Care Settings: A Review of the Evidence"
5267:
Asher V, Lee J, Bali A (September 2012). "Preoperative serum albumin is an independent prognostic predictor of survival in ovarian cancer".
11978:
Mokhtari, Reza Bayat; Homayouni, Tina S.; Baluch, Narges; Morgatskaya, Evgeniya; Kumar, Sushil; Das, Bikul; Yeger, Herman (30 March 2017).
3262:
skin cancer, and cancer of the rectum among nurses who are exposed to these drugs. Other investigations revealed that there is a potential
1235:
191:). Therapies with specific molecular or genetic targets, which inhibit growth-promoting signals from classic endocrine hormones (primarily
12558:
NIOSH List of
Antineoplastic and Other Hazardous Drugs in Healthcare Settings, 2016, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
4580:
Kaestner SA, Sewell GJ (February 2007). "Chemotherapy dosing part I: scientific basis for current practice and use of body surface area".
1946:
are necessary. (In autologous BMTs, cells are removed from the person before the treatment, multiplied and then re-injected afterward; in
14420:
12975:
3513:
without a modifier usually refers to cancer treatment, but its historical meaning was broader. The term was coined in the early 1900s by
3449:
to treat cancer was in the early 20th century, although the specific chemicals first used were not originally intended for that purpose.
8436:
Gurgan T, Salman C, Demirol A (October 2008). "Pregnancy and assisted reproduction techniques in men and women after cancer treatment".
15201:
8688:
4540:
Felici A, Verweij J, Sparreboom A (September 2002). "Dosing strategies for anticancer drugs: the good, the bad and body-surface area".
3201:
after publishing a recommendation in 1983 regarding handling hazardous drugs. The adaptation of federal regulations came when the U.S.
2503:
2497:
15161:
11367:
3622:, drug and a linker between them. The antibody will be targeted at a preferentially expressed protein in the tumour cells (known as a
8586:
Sanders JE, Hawley J, Levy W, Gooley T, Buckner CD, Deeg HJ, Doney K, Storb R, Sullivan K, Witherspoon R, Appelbaum FR (April 1996).
8109:
5690:
Rowinsky EK, Donehower RC (October 1991). "The clinical pharmacology and use of antimicrotubule agents in cancer chemotherapeutics".
3347:
of all cleanup materials in the chemical waste container according to EPA regulations, not in a yellow chemotherapy waste container.
3012:
at any time. Malignancies with slower growth rates, such as indolent lymphomas, tend to respond to chemotherapy much more modestly.
692:
Intensification chemotherapy is identical to consolidation chemotherapy but a different drug than the induction chemotherapy is used.
2575:. The rapid breakdown of cancer cells causes the release of chemicals from the inside of the cells. Following this, high levels of
2212:
1309:
alkaloids prevent the assembly of microtubules, whereas taxanes prevent their disassembly. Both mechanisms cause defective mitosis.
7271:
Keidan RD, Fanning J, Gatenby RA, Weese JL (March 1989). "Recurrent typhlitis. A disease resulting from aggressive chemotherapy".
15464:
13981:
13624:
12539:
7993:
11129:
Sorsa M, Hämeilä M, Järviluoma E (September 2006). "Handling anticancer drugs: from hazard identification to risk management?".
3704:) to preferentially target the nanoparticles to the tumor cells. There are many types of nanoparticle delivery systems, such as
780:) will be intolerable to the person receiving it. The standard method of determining chemotherapy dosage is based on calculated
11048:
10636:
Galluzzi L, Buqué A, Kepp O, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G (February 2017). "Immunogenic cell death in cancer and infectious disease".
8152:
Can G, Demir M, Erol O, Aydiner A (June 2013). "A comparison of men and women's experiences of chemotherapy-induced alopecia".
2544:
1751:
8679:
2256:
655:
There are a number of strategies in the administration of chemotherapeutic drugs used today. Chemotherapy may be given with a
14774:
11746:
11599:
11572:
11282:
10428:
9422:
7915:
7569:
Vadhan-Raj S (January 2009). "Management of chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia: current status of thrombopoietic agents".
7040:
5098:
4318:
4289:
4219:
4194:
4158:
3841:
2354:
during the 30 years after treatment than the general population. Not all of this increase can be attributed to chemotherapy.
7922:
Nausea and vomiting are two of the most feared cancer treatment-related side effects for cancer patients and their families.
2966:(genes that help to prevent cancer), which gives cancer cells their malignant characteristics, such as uncontrolled growth.
1178:). Anti-metabolites resemble either nucleobases or nucleosides (a nucleotide without the phosphate group), but have altered
15061:
15054:
13117:
8154:
6917:
Estcourt, Lise J; Stanworth, Simon J; Hopewell, Sally; Doree, Carolyn; Trivella, Marialena; Massey, Edwin (29 April 2016).
5917:
2334:
offers a means of preventing both permanent and temporary hair loss; however, concerns about this method have been raised.
8709:
2697:(damage to the inner ear) is a common side effect of platinum based drugs that can produce symptoms such as dizziness and
2230:
and more efficient treatment cycles, due to less stoppage of treatment due to better tolerance and better overall health.
852:
5-FU dose management in the FOLFOX regimen increases treatment response significantly and improves survival by six months.
3851:
3409:. Several classification schemes have been used to subdivide the medicines used for cancer into several different types.
3364:
or microscopic examination, mainly looking for blood, as several antineoplastic drugs are known to cause bladder damage.
2766:
1950:
BMTs, the source is a donor.) However, some people still develop diseases because of this interference with bone marrow.
1225:. When the enzyme is inhibited by methotrexate, the cellular levels of folate coenzymes diminish. These are required for
12403:
Miklavcic D, Snoj M, Zupanic A, Kos B, Cemazar M, Kropivnik M, Bracko M, Pecnik T, Gadzijev E, Sersa G (February 2010).
4508:
Du Bois D, Du Bois EF (1989). "A formula to estimate the approximate surface area if height and weight be known. 1916".
3016:
may also display varying sensitivities to chemotherapy agents, depending on the subclonal populations within the tumor.
2776:
may help with this leading to weight gain and increased calorie and protein intake, when compared to enteral nutrition.
1347:
alkaloids prevent the assembly of microtubules, whereas taxanes prevent their disassembly. By doing so, they can induce
14804:
14667:
14095:
11253:"Personal protective equipment for health care workers who work with hazardous drugs" (Document). NIOSH. October 2008.
5330:
3166:
3135:
2473:
7994:"Chemotherapy-Related Hair Loss (Alopecia) in Children - Health Encyclopedia - University of Rochester Medical Center"
3740:
bleomycin and cisplatin), to enter the cancer cells. Hence, greater effectiveness of antitumor treatment is achieved.
2342:
Development of secondary neoplasia after successful chemotherapy or radiotherapy treatment can occur. The most common
811:. Because of their higher BSA, clinicians often arbitrarily reduce the dose prescribed by the BSA formula for fear of
14428:
12213:
Larkin JO, Collins CG, Aarons S, Tangney M, Whelan M, O'Reily S, Breathnach O, Soden DM, O'Sullivan GC (March 2007).
11480:
8267:
7359:"Probiotics for the prevention or treatment of chemotherapy- or radiotherapy-related diarrhoea in people with cancer"
6441:
6414:
6053:
5966:
5933:
5853:
5201:
4811:
Gamelin E, Delva R, Jacob J, Merrouche Y, Raoul JL, Pezet D, Dorval E, Piot G, Morel A, Boisdron-Celle M (May 2008).
863:
Similar results were found in a study involving people with colorectal cancer who have been treated with the popular
8510:"Prevention of chemotherapy-induced ovarian damage: possible roles for hormonal and non-hormonal attenuating agents"
5536:
13515:
13041:
12590:
11651:
Fenn JE, Udelsman R (March 2011). "First use of intravenous chemotherapy cancer treatment: rectifying the record".
10962:
Gray OM, McDonnell GV, Forbes RB (August 2006). "A systematic review of oral methotrexate for multiple sclerosis".
6586:
Dorr RT (April 1992). "Bleomycin pharmacology: mechanism of action and resistance, and clinical pharmacokinetics".
180:
17:
3047:
Some chemotherapy drugs are used in diseases other than cancer, such as in autoimmune disorders, and noncancerous
3023:
also make crucial contributions to the antitumor effects of chemotherapy. For example, the chemotherapeutic drugs
2370:
such as bleomycin and dactinomycin, and antimetabolites such as methotrexate, mercaptopurine, and 5-fluorouracil.
14957:
14413:
8747:
7105:
Gafter-Gvili A, Fraser A, Paul M, Vidal L, Lawrie TA, van de
Wetering MD, Kremer LC, Leibovici L (January 2012).
1250:
of 5-fluorouracil that is broken down in cells to produce the active drug. The deoxynucleoside analogues include
925:
127:
11005:
Ntali S, Bertsias G, Boumpas DT (June 2011). "Cyclophosphamide and lupus nephritis: when, how, for how long?".
3665:
3596:
3418:
2662:
8339:
Brydøy M, Fosså SD, Dahl O, Bjøro T (2007). "Gonadal dysfunction and fertility problems in cancer survivors".
7604:
Sekhon SS, Roy V (May 2006). "Thrombocytopenia in adults: A practical approach to evaluation and management".
7158:
3657:, are both in late clinical trials, and the latter has been granted accelerated approval for the treatment of
2137:
can be a combined outcome caused by myelosuppressive chemotherapy, and possible cancer-related causes such as
15449:
12905:
12456:"Hyperthermia Combined with Chemotherapy – Biological Rationale, Clinical Application, and Treatment Results"
11392:
8692:
4625:
Pinkel D (August 1958). "The use of body surface area as a criterion of drug dosage in cancer chemotherapy".
4334:
Nastoupil LJ, Rose AC, Flowers CR (May 2012). "Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: current treatment approaches".
3816:
3406:
3400:
3356:
3296:
1983:
1377:. They bind to specific sites on tubulin, inhibiting the assembly of tubulin into microtubules. The original
187:
can augment chemotherapy). This meaning excludes the more-selective agents that block extracellular signals (
150:
chemotherapy). Chemotherapy is one of the major categories of the medical discipline specifically devoted to
3205:(OSHA) first released its guidelines in 1986 and then updated them in 1996, 1999, and, most recently, 2006.
14656:
14438:
13861:
8293:"Cumulative incidence of secondary neoplasms as a first event after childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia"
7936:"A History of Drug Discovery for Treatment of Nausea and Vomiting and the Implications for Future Research"
3580:
3494:
similar effects against cancer. The first chemotherapy drug to be developed from this line of research was
3489:, several hundred people were accidentally exposed to mustard gas, which had been transported there by the
3096:
2903:
2899:
1955:
1705:
287:
716:
can be treated with adjuvant chemotherapy and can reduce relapse rates caused by these disseminated cells.
15267:
14042:
13018:
10872:
Chen J, Veras MM, Liu C, Lin J (February 2013). Chen J (ed.). "Methotrexate for ankylosing spondylitis".
7107:"Antibiotic prophylaxis for bacterial infections in afebrile neutropenic patients following chemotherapy"
5227:
3778:
3275:
2477:
1742:
There are many intravenous methods of drug delivery, known as vascular access devices. These include the
967:, or tries to repair it, the DNA strands can break. This leads to a form of programmed cell death called
201:
12967:
8549:
Tichelli A, Rovó A (August 2013). "Fertility issues following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation".
4751:
Baker SD, Verweij J, Rowinsky EK, Donehower RC, Schellens JH, Grochow LB, Sparreboom A (December 2002).
15459:
14917:
14406:
14167:
14016:
13765:
13267:
12936:
6919:"Granulocyte transfusions for treating infections in people with neutropenia or neutrophil dysfunction"
6839:
Hendriks JM, Van Schil PE (1998). "Isolated lung perfusion for the treatment of pulmonary metastases".
3229:
2997:
2721:
2455:
1747:
1713:
1402:
31:
11361:"preventing occupational exposure to antineoplastic and other hazardous drugs in health care settings"
3119:
and dexamethasone has also shown promise as a treatment for AL amyloidosis. Other drugs used to treat
2701:. Children treated with platinum analogues have been found to be at risk for developing hearing loss.
938:, there are now many types of alkylating agents in use. They are so named because of their ability to
142:
intent (which almost always involves combinations of drugs), or it may aim only to prolong life or to
13492:
13358:
13071:
12730:
6613:
Verweij J, Pinedo HM (October 1990). "Mitomycin C: mechanism of action, usefulness and limitations".
6153:
Croteau, Rodney; Ketchum, Raymond E. B.; Long, Robert M.; Kaspera, Rüdiger; Wildung, Mark R. (2006).
2748:
2377:
2150:
2023:
1716:. The arm board stabilizes the arm during needle insertion. Anti-cancer IV drip is seen at top right.
1351:
in the cancer cells. Following this, cell cycle arrest occurs, which induces programmed cell death (
434:
12035:
Sievers EL, Linenberger M (November 2001). "Mylotarg: antibody-targeted chemotherapy comes of age".
10235:
Zhang J, Yang PL, Gray NS (January 2009). "Targeting cancer with small molecule kinase inhibitors".
8107:
Al-Mohanna H, Al-Khenaizan S (2010). "Permanent alopecia following cranial irradiation in a child".
2113:
caused by some steroid medications. These side-effects can frequently be reduced or eliminated with
13502:
13028:
12765:
12723:
9358:"Medical interventions for the prevention of platinum-induced hearing loss in children with cancer"
9260:"Different infusion durations for preventing platinum-induced hearing loss in children with cancer"
8765:
8469:"Emergency IVF for embryo freezing to preserve female fertility: a French multicentre cohort study"
4412:"The present and future management of malignant brain tumours: surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy"
2531:
1815:
1669:
799:
5-FU dose management results in significantly better response and survival rates versus BSA dosing.
756:
695:
206:
9035:
4237:"Maintenance therapy to suppress micrometastasis: the new challenge for adjuvant cancer treatment"
4187:
The Royal
Marsden Hospital handbook of cancer chemotherapy: a guide for the multidisciplinary team
3008:) are more sensitive to chemotherapy, as a larger proportion of the targeted cells are undergoing
2238:
930:
Alkylating agents are the oldest group of chemotherapeutics in use today. Originally derived from
807:
There has been controversy over the use of BSA to calculate chemotherapy doses for people who are
14972:
14650:
14501:
12998:
12858:
12822:
12760:
12543:
8604:
8587:
3615:
3474:
3225:
2895:
2793:
2485:
2410:
2279:
Green approximately a year later, after concluding chemotherapy, with chemotherapy induced curls.
2011:
1796:
1755:
1721:
1709:
1517:
1503:
1214:
12563:
12264:"Electrochemotherapy for cutaneous and subcutaneous tumor lesions: a novel therapeutic approach"
12129:
Vines T, Faunce T (May 2009). "Assessing the safety and cost-effectiveness of early nanodrugs".
9448:
Kwakman, Johannes J.M.; Elshot, Yannick S.; Punt, Cornelis J.A.; Koopman, Miriam (13 May 2020).
5914:
Metal Catalyzed Reductive C—C Bond Formation: A Departure from Preformed Organometallic Reagents
3885:
Alfarouk KO, Stock CM, Taylor S, Walsh M, Muddathir AK, Verduzco D, et al. (15 July 2015).
1234:, but also has effects on DHFR, aminoimidazole carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase and
15009:
14764:
13870:
13353:
13082:
12863:
12817:
11589:
6757:"Isolated limb perfusion for malignant melanoma: systematic review on effectiveness and safety"
6755:
Moreno-Ramirez D, de la Cruz-Merino L, Ferrandiz L, Villegas-Portero R, Nieto-Garcia A (2010).
6218:
Damayanthi Y, Lown JW (June 1998). "Podophyllotoxins: current status and recent developments".
5845:
5835:
4753:"Role of body surface area in dosing of investigational anticancer agents in adults, 1991-2001"
3821:
3796:
3786:
3718:
3646:
3547:
3490:
3233:
3139:
3064:
3032:
2740:
2658:
2481:
2388:
2184:
1943:
1911:
1887:
1822:
1621:
1524:
or transcription. Inhibition of topoisomerase I or II interferes with both of these processes.
1313:
1019:
51:
35:
11738:
11562:
9160:
Brock PR, Knight KR, Freyer DR, Campbell KC, Steyger PS, Blakley BW, et al. (July 2012).
8999:
Thatishetty AV, Agresti N, O'Brien CB (November 2013). "Chemotherapy-induced hepatotoxicity".
6404:
6037:
15444:
14694:
14630:
14475:
13428:
13368:
13338:
13241:
13077:
12915:
12896:
12405:"Towards treatment planning and treatment of deep-seated solid tumors by electrochemotherapy"
9554:
Weeks JC, Catalano PJ, Cronin A, Finkelman MD, Mack JW, Keating NL, Schrag D (October 2012).
6431:
5950:
5905:
5827:
5486:
Giorgi-Renault S, Renault J, Baron M, Gebel-Servolles P, Delic J, Cros S, Paoletti C (1988).
3806:
3661:
3650:
3634:
3048:
2963:
2620:
2523:
1682:
1541:
1366:
708:
367:
81:. Cold mittens and cold booties are placed on her hands and feet to reduce harm to her nails.
11730:
11360:
6648:
Greer JA, Amoyal N, Nisotel L, Fishbein JN, MacDonald J, Stagl J, et al. (March 2016).
4307:
1700:
14769:
14749:
14618:
13283:
13178:
13015:
12868:
12713:
12703:
12583:
11138:
10488:
10385:
6540:
6166:
6045:
3831:
3752:
3291:
3131:
3056:
3013:
3005:
2773:
2680:
2572:
2519:
2425:
2381:
2178:
1979:
1231:
1106:
728:
683:
308:
283:
235:
135:
12568:
7357:
Wei D, Heus P, van de Wetering FT, van Tienhoven G, Verleye L, Scholten RJ (August 2018).
4079:
Wagner AD, Syn NL, Moehler M, Grothe W, Yong WP, Tai BC, Ho J, Unverzagt S (August 2017).
2739:
Specific chemotherapeutic agents are associated with organ-specific toxicities, including
8:
15378:
15114:
14900:
14679:
14506:
14136:
13403:
13393:
13213:
12755:
12687:
12455:
11298:
Connor, Thomas H.; Lawson, Christina C.; Polovich, Martha; McDiarmid, Melissa A. (2014).
8224:
Chon SY, Champion RW, Geddes ER, Rashid RM (July 2012). "Chemotherapy-induced alopecia".
5612:
Adjei AA (June 2004). "Pemetrexed (ALIMTA), a novel multitargeted antineoplastic agent".
3768:
Chemotherapy is used in veterinary medicine similar to how it is used in human medicine.
3734:
3654:
3446:
3221:
2993:
2978:
2801:
2688:
2631:. Other chemotherapeutic agents that cause cardiotoxicity, but at a lower incidence, are
2589:
2320:
Chemotherapy induced hair loss occurs by a non-androgenic mechanism, and can manifest as
2000:
1995:
1838:
1743:
1724:
1442:, are produced semi-synthetically from a chemical found in the bark of another yew tree,
1348:
188:
12548:
11142:
10492:
10389:
10118:
Gerber DE (February 2008). "Targeted therapies: a new generation of cancer treatments".
9960:
Ryan SL, Beard S, Barr MP, Umezawa K, Heavey S, Godwin P, et al. (September 2019).
6754:
6544:
6170:
3193:
In the 1970s, antineoplastic (chemotherapy) drugs were identified as hazardous, and the
15412:
15277:
15136:
14590:
13791:
13328:
12848:
12518:
12475:
12431:
12404:
12293:
12239:
12230:
12215:"Electrochemotherapy: aspects of preclinical development and early clinical experience"
12214:
12190:
12173:
12157:
12106:
12079:
12060:
12012:
11979:
11867:
11842:
11711:
11686:
Chabner BA, Roberts TG (January 2005). "Timeline: Chemotherapy and the war on cancer".
11543:
11448:
11415:
11332:
11299:
11162:
11106:
11081:
11030:
10987:
10936:
10911:
10851:
10802:
10777:
10706:
10681:
10661:
10618:
10564:
10531:
10512:
10353:
10328:
10309:
10260:
10217:
10170:
10095:
10062:
10038:
10011:
9992:
9937:
9912:
9911:
Heavey S, Godwin P, Baird AM, Barr MP, Umezawa K, Cuffe S, et al. (October 2014).
9893:
9814:
Multidrug Resistance in Cancer. Generating Inhibitors of P-Glycoprotein: Where to, Now?
9753:
9675:
9580:
9555:
9531:
9506:
9482:
9449:
9433:
9382:
9357:
9333:
9308:
9284:
9259:
9235:
9210:
9186:
9161:
9066:
8981:
8823:
8574:
8364:
8134:
8045:
Lemieux J (October 2012). "Reducing chemotherapy-induced alopecia with scalp cooling".
7970:
7935:
7842:
7817:
7763:
7708:
7683:
7629:
7617:
7582:
7442:
7407:
7383:
7358:
7339:
7296:
7231:
7219:
7131:
7106:
7082:
6951:
6918:
6899:
6781:
6756:
6732:
6699:
6674:
6649:
6509:
6380:
6355:
6336:
6243:
6195:
6154:
6095:
6070:
6013:
5986:
5909:
5762:
5637:
5589:
5564:
5415:
5390:
5292:
5183:
5139:
5071:
4971:
4946:
4842:
4681:
4656:
4485:
4460:
4436:
4411:
4392:
4105:
4080:
4013:
3986:
3967:
3913:
3886:
3242:
3068:
2830:
2756:
2414:
2373:
2351:
2343:
2317:. Permanent thinning or hair loss can result from some standard chemotherapy regimens.
2273:
2104:
are common side-effects of chemotherapeutic medications that kill fast-dividing cells.
2093:
1975:
1122:
910:
879:
Oncologists are already individualizing dosing of some cancer drugs based on exposure.
732:
291:
11775:
11762:
Joensuu H (March 2008). "Systemic chemotherapy for cancer: from weapon to treatment".
11664:
11632:
10296:
10279:
9507:"Nutritional support in children and young people with cancer undergoing chemotherapy"
8085:
7008:
6975:
6852:
6563:
6528:
6231:
5832:
L. (Periwinkle): Production of Vindoline and Catharanthine in Multiple Shoot Cultures"
4553:
4476:
3954:
3937:
3173:
3031:
can cause tumor cells to die in a way that is detectable by the immune system (called
15454:
15418:
15373:
15156:
15146:
15049:
14879:
14835:
14819:
14623:
14613:
14556:
14546:
13468:
12951:
12941:
12853:
12667:
12510:
12436:
12385:
12285:
12280:
12263:
12244:
12195:
12177:
12138:
12111:
12052:
12048:
12017:
11999:
11960:
11916:
11872:
11823:
11779:
11742:
11731:
11715:
11703:
11668:
11595:
11568:
11535:
11476:
11453:
11435:
11337:
11319:
11278:
11154:
11111:
11022:
10979:
10941:
10889:
10843:
10839:
10807:
10755:
10711:
10653:
10622:
10610:
10569:
10551:
10504:
10461:
10424:
10401:
10358:
10301:
10252:
10209:
10162:
10127:
10100:
10082:
10043:
9996:
9984:
9942:
9885:
9850:
9794:
9745:
9710:
9667:
9626:
9585:
9536:
9487:
9469:
9418:
9387:
9338:
9289:
9240:
9191:
9142:
9101:
9097:
9058:
9016:
8973:
8932:
8905:
8864:
8815:
8811:
8777:
8661:
8609:
8566:
8531:
8490:
8449:
8418:
8356:
8314:
8273:
8263:
8241:
8206:
8171:
8126:
8089:
8054:
8027:
7975:
7957:
7911:
7874:
7867:"Nausea and Vomiting Related to Cancer Treatment (PDQ®): Health Professional Version"
7847:
7798:
7755:
7713:
7664:
7621:
7586:
7551:
7515:
7488:
7447:
7429:
7388:
7331:
7288:
7223:
7136:
7074:
7036:
7013:
6995:
6956:
6938:
6891:
6856:
6821:
6786:
6737:
6719:
6679:
6630:
6626:
6595:
6568:
6501:
6466:
6437:
6410:
6385:
6328:
6247:
6235:
6200:
6182:
6135:
6100:
6049:
6018:
5962:
5929:
5886:
5849:
5808:
5754:
5746:
5707:
5703:
5672:
5668:
5629:
5594:
5565:"Enzymology of purine and pyrimidine antimetabolites used in the treatment of cancer"
5509:
5468:
5420:
5326:
5284:
5175:
5131:
5094:
5063:
5055:
5051:
5016:
4976:
4927:
4878:
4834:
4774:
4730:
4686:
4634:
4607:
4557:
4517:
4490:
4441:
4384:
4343:
4314:
4285:
4278:
4258:
4215:
4190:
4154:
4110:
4018:
3959:
3918:
3791:
3705:
3627:
3584:
3466:
3076:
3036:
2808:
2698:
2654:
2584:
2162:
2123:
2065:
2043:
1926:
1879:
1646:
1324:
function. Microtubules are an important cellular structure composed of two proteins,
781:
679:
604:
579:
267:
227:
45:
12522:
12479:
12297:
12064:
11055:
11034:
10991:
10855:
10516:
10264:
10221:
10174:
9897:
9757:
9679:
9070:
8985:
8884:"Cognitive impairment associated with chemotherapy for cancer: report of a workshop"
8827:
8578:
8368:
8138:
7767:
7633:
7300:
7235:
6772:
6665:
6513:
5766:
5641:
5296:
5187:
5143:
5075:
4962:
4396:
2877:
is thought to play a role in resistance to chemotherapy, via inflammatory pathways.
1978:. The risk of illness and death can be reduced by taking common antibiotics such as
15383:
15206:
15131:
15119:
15044:
14910:
14789:
14578:
13308:
13150:
13145:
12840:
12718:
12502:
12467:
12426:
12416:
12377:
12349:
12321:
12275:
12234:
12226:
12185:
12169:
12101:
12091:
12044:
12007:
11991:
11950:
11906:
11862:
11854:
11813:
11771:
11695:
11660:
11628:
11547:
11527:
11443:
11427:
11327:
11311:
11254:
11166:
11146:
11101:
11093:
11014:
10971:
10931:
10927:
10923:
10885:
10881:
10835:
10797:
10789:
10745:
10701:
10693:
10665:
10645:
10600:
10559:
10543:
10496:
10453:
10393:
10348:
10340:
10313:
10291:
10244:
10201:
10154:
10090:
10074:
10033:
10023:
9976:
9932:
9924:
9877:
9840:
9784:
9737:
9702:
9657:
9616:
9575:
9567:
9526:
9522:
9518:
9477:
9461:
9428:
9410:
9377:
9373:
9369:
9328:
9324:
9320:
9279:
9275:
9271:
9230:
9222:
9181:
9173:
9132:
9093:
9050:
9008:
8965:
8895:
8854:
8807:
8651:
8599:
8558:
8521:
8480:
8445:
8441:
8408:
8398:
8348:
8304:
8233:
8198:
8163:
8118:
8081:
7965:
7947:
7903:
7898:
Gill P, Grothey A, Loprinzi C (2006). "Nausea and Vomiting in the Cancer Patient".
7837:
7833:
7829:
7790:
7745:
7703:
7699:
7695:
7660:
7656:
7613:
7578:
7543:
7478:
7437:
7419:
7378:
7374:
7370:
7323:
7280:
7215:
7126:
7122:
7118:
7086:
7066:
7003:
6987:
6946:
6934:
6930:
6883:
6848:
6813:
6776:
6768:
6727:
6711:
6669:
6661:
6622:
6558:
6548:
6493:
6375:
6367:
6340:
6318:
6270:
6227:
6190:
6174:
6127:
6090:
6082:
6071:"Safety and efficacy of vinorelbine in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer"
6008:
5998:
5921:
5878:
5798:
5738:
5699:
5664:
5621:
5584:
5576:
5499:
5458:
5410:
5402:
5366:
5318:
5276:
5167:
5123:
5047:
5008:
4966:
4958:
4919:
4870:
4846:
4824:
4764:
4720:
4676:
4668:
4597:
4589:
4549:
4480:
4472:
4431:
4423:
4374:
4248:
4100:
4096:
4092:
4056:
4008:
4000:
3971:
3949:
3908:
3898:
3482:
3454:
3380:
3116:
3088:
3028:
2955:
2885:
2850:
2725:
2632:
2556:
2392:
2347:
2321:
2306:
2196:
2026:(typhlitis) is a "life-threatening gastrointestinal complication of chemotherapy."
2004:, to counteract depression of the immune system in people undergoing chemotherapy.
1918:
1875:
1859:
1759:
1513:
1434:
1218:
1087:
999:
975:
767:
557:
439:
380:
357:
331:
263:
211:
131:
123:
14850:
11955:
11938:
11818:
11801:
11531:
10397:
9980:
9881:
9662:
9645:
9621:
9604:
9054:
7864:
7343:
6976:"Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a primer for the primary care physician"
6903:
6291:
Molecular Cell Biology. 4th edition. The Role of Topoisomerases in DNA Replication
6274:
4253:
4236:
3683:(nm) sized particles that can promote tumor selectivity and aid in delivering low-
2265:
just before the start of his chemotherapy treatment, with naturally straight hair.
218:
The use of drugs (whether chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, or targeted therapy) is
68:
15423:
15368:
15237:
15232:
15071:
15004:
14999:
14885:
14831:
14672:
14563:
14516:
12956:
12931:
12576:
12381:
12353:
12325:
11315:
10697:
9414:
8562:
5841:
5625:
5171:
5127:
3991:
3701:
3564:
3441:
pioneered the use of the drug methotrexate to treat breast cancer and skin cancer
3423:
3198:
3092:
3071:. The anti-inflammatory response seen in RA is thought to be due to increases in
2954:
susceptibility and environmental factors. These factors lead to accumulations of
2890:
2841:
2760:
2650:
2446:
2331:
2325:
2158:
1804:
1649:(molecules insert between the two strands of DNA), generation of highly reactive
1521:
1509:
1467:
1451:
1382:
1147:
1135:
1091:
995:
736:
713:
660:
461:
255:
151:
147:
143:
12080:"Nanoliposomes in Cancer Therapy: Marketed Products and Current Clinical Trials"
11191:"Chemotherapy: Biomarkers of Exposure, Effect, Reproductive Hazards, and Cancer"
10419:
Hoskins WJ, Perez CA, Young RC, Barakat RR, Markman M, Randall ME, eds. (2005).
9605:"The blood-brain barrier and cancer: transporters, treatment, and Trojan horses"
5370:
4060:
2030:
is an intestinal infection which may manifest itself through symptoms including
994:
and derivatives, and non-classical alkylating agents. Nitrogen mustards include
30:
This article is about the cancer treatment. For antimicrobial chemotherapy, see
15402:
15302:
15297:
15151:
15141:
15091:
15076:
15066:
14967:
14962:
14952:
14890:
14862:
14814:
14809:
14541:
14496:
14492:
14245:
14143:
14091:
13689:
13002:
12878:
12836:
11431:
11097:
10975:
10145:
Allen TM (October 2002). "Ligand-targeted therapeutics in anticancer therapy".
8924:
8260:
Secondary neoplasias following chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunosuppression
8237:
8202:
8167:
7794:
7506:
Henry DH (July 2006). "The role of intravenous iron in cancer-related anemia".
7250:
6533:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
6323:
6306:
6289:
5322:
5012:
4923:
4874:
4709:"Body-surface area-based chemotherapy dosing: appropriate in the 21st century?"
4593:
4004:
3887:"Resistance to cancer chemotherapy: failure in drug response from ADME to P-gp"
3438:
3388:
3361:
3112:
3080:
2939:
2915:
2907:
2846:
2786:
2733:
2676:
2670:
2646:
2600:
2465:
during chemotherapy and for a few months after the last dose (e.g. 6 month for
2154:
2055:
1967:
1930:
1863:
1811:
1333:
1291:
1179:
1130:
1083:
1039:
795:
777:
719:
Maintenance chemotherapy is a repeated low-dose treatment to prolong remission.
613:
584:
525:
484:
339:
160:
12077:
11995:
11018:
10457:
10205:
9728:
Minchinton AI, Tannock IF (August 2006). "Drug penetration in solid tumours".
9012:
8969:
8352:
7866:
7483:
7466:
7327:
7070:
6817:
6178:
6003:
5406:
5280:
4769:
4752:
3903:
1359:, an essential process that tumours utilise in order to grow and metastasise.
15438:
15334:
15307:
15166:
14984:
14895:
14875:
14871:
14734:
14662:
14551:
14466:
14302:
14192:
14154:
14131:
14063:
14058:
14048:
13824:
13820:
13808:
13615:
13398:
13363:
13183:
13163:
12682:
12181:
12003:
11439:
11323:
11259:
10555:
10086:
9962:"Targeting NF-κB-mediated inflammatory pathways in cisplatin-resistant NSCLC"
9773:"Multidrug resistance: can new drugs help chemotherapy score against cancer?"
9706:
9473:
9177:
8766:"Chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicity: the value of neuroprotective strategies"
8656:
8640:"Genetic and teratogenic effects of cancer treatments on gametes and embryos"
8639:
8309:
8292:
8277:
8018:
Chadha V, Shenoi SD (2003). "Hair loss in cancer chemotherapeutic patients".
7961:
7952:
7907:
7433:
6999:
6942:
6723:
6186:
5882:
5750:
5725:
Vitale, Ilio; Galluzzi, Lorenzo; Castedo, Maria; Kroemer, Guido (June 2011).
5059:
5036:"Practical treatment guide for dose individualisation in cancer chemotherapy"
4829:
4812:
4725:
4708:
4427:
3836:
3826:
3676:
3623:
3462:
3427:
3100:
3020:
3009:
2974:
2826:
2604:
2576:
2462:
2074:
1851:
1790:
1657:
1650:
1590:
1586:
1474:). It has anti-microtubule activity, and its mechanism is similar to that of
1444:
1428:
Taxanes are natural and semi-synthetic drugs. The first drug of their class,
1302:
1222:
1110:
1094:
in biologically important molecules. Non-classical alkylating agents include
1075:
964:
955:
826:
5-FU dose management avoids serious side effects experienced with BSA dosing.
326:
259:
78:
12564:
https://en.wikiversity.org/International_Ototoxicity_Management_Group_(IOMG)
12506:
12078:
Taléns-Visconti R, Díez-Sales O, de Julián-Ortiz JV, Nácher A (April 2022).
11150:
10750:
10733:
10028:
9789:
9772:
9084:
de Jonge MJ, Verweij J (February 2006). "Renal toxicities of chemotherapy".
8900:
8883:
8526:
8509:
8485:
8468:
8403:
8386:
8122:
7750:
7733:
7547:
7182:"FDA Approves Drug to Reduce Bone Marrow Suppression Caused by Chemotherapy"
6700:"Guidelines for the Prevention of Intravascular Catheter-related Infections"
6553:
6457:
Koeller J, Eble M (1988). "Mitoxantrone: A novel anthracycline derivative".
3526:
2153:. Treatments to mitigate anemia include hormones to boost blood production (
1508:
Topoisomerase inhibitors are drugs that affect the activity of two enzymes:
15292:
15211:
14905:
14739:
14729:
14645:
14640:
14342:
14327:
14297:
14277:
14159:
14107:
14068:
13956:
13935:
13842:
13804:
13705:
13680:
13676:
13560:
13525:
13478:
13463:
13418:
13293:
13263:
13188:
13006:
12623:
12514:
12440:
12421:
12389:
12289:
12248:
12199:
12142:
12115:
12056:
12021:
11964:
11920:
11895:"Nanotherapeutics to overcome conventional cancer chemotherapy limitations"
11876:
11827:
11783:
11707:
11672:
11539:
11457:
11341:
11158:
11115:
11026:
10983:
10945:
10893:
10847:
10811:
10759:
10715:
10682:"Immunogenic Chemotherapy Sensitizes Tumors to Checkpoint Blockade Therapy"
10657:
10614:
10573:
10508:
10465:
10376:
Perera FP (November 1997). "Environment and cancer: who are susceptible?".
10362:
10305:
10256:
10213:
10166:
10131:
10104:
10047:
9988:
9946:
9889:
9854:
9798:
9749:
9714:
9671:
9630:
9589:
9540:
9491:
9465:
9391:
9342:
9293:
9244:
9195:
9146:
9137:
9120:
9105:
9062:
9020:
8977:
8936:
8909:
8868:
8819:
8781:
8665:
8570:
8535:
8494:
8453:
8422:
8360:
8318:
8245:
8210:
8175:
8130:
8058:
8031:
7979:
7878:
7851:
7802:
7759:
7717:
7668:
7625:
7590:
7555:
7519:
7492:
7451:
7392:
7335:
7227:
7140:
7078:
7017:
6960:
6895:
6860:
6825:
6790:
6741:
6683:
6505:
6389:
6332:
6204:
6139:
6104:
6042:
The evolution of drug discovery: From traditional medicines to modern drugs
6022:
5890:
5812:
5803:
5786:
5758:
5676:
5633:
5598:
5472:
5447:"Classical chemotherapy: mechanisms, toxicities and the therapeutic window"
5424:
5288:
5179:
5135:
5035:
5020:
4980:
4931:
4882:
4838:
4778:
4734:
4690:
4672:
4638:
4611:
4561:
4494:
4445:
4388:
4347:
4262:
4114:
4022:
3963:
3922:
3856:
3588:
3539:
3514:
3470:
3376:
3263:
3124:
3052:
2822:
2816:
2684:
2624:
2580:
2294:
2200:
2192:
2105:
2101:
1774:
1736:
1674:
1664:
1642:
1613:
1558:
1536:
1356:
1243:
1239:
1206:
1095:
1051:
1047:
1007:
979:
888:
752:
636:
588:
530:
515:
497:
451:
424:
420:
412:
335:
279:
242:
10500:
10405:
9571:
9556:"Patients' expectations about effects of chemotherapy for advanced cancer"
9405:
Shannon, Vickie R. (9 July 2019). "Cancer Treatment-Related Lung Injury".
8859:
8842:
8613:
8093:
7424:
7406:
Rodrigues, Fabio G; Dasilva, Giovanna; Wexner, Steven D (7 January 2017).
7292:
6634:
6599:
6572:
6470:
6239:
5906:"Reductive C—C bond formation after epoxide opening via electron transfer"
5726:
5711:
5513:
5205:
5067:
4521:
1494:
1329:
1325:
671:
15176:
15086:
14826:
14779:
14724:
14607:
14573:
14372:
14352:
14347:
14337:
14317:
14292:
14287:
14270:
14218:
14208:
14203:
14198:
14100:
14027:
13997:
13992:
13987:
13971:
13961:
13941:
13816:
13812:
13800:
13796:
13725:
13629:
13575:
13570:
13535:
13473:
13458:
13448:
13443:
13438:
13433:
13413:
13378:
13333:
13313:
13303:
13258:
13223:
13203:
13159:
13122:
13110:
13105:
13067:
13051:
12997:
12946:
12886:
12745:
12708:
12631:
12096:
11858:
11617:"Role of the blood and the bone marrow in certain forms of gas poisoning"
10793:
10649:
10547:
10344:
10012:"Targeting nuclear factor-kappa B to overcome resistance to chemotherapy"
9226:
9211:"Cisplatin ototoxicity and protection: clinical and experimental studies"
8798:
Windebank AJ, Grisold W (March 2008). "Chemotherapy-induced neuropathy".
6991:
6715:
5925:
5485:
4214:. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
3861:
3846:
3801:
3458:
3450:
3024:
2870:
2744:
2694:
2666:
2640:
2608:
2527:
2507:
2466:
2438:
2400:
2363:
2290:
2226:
2109:
2007:
1959:
1907:
1899:
1883:
1855:
1826:
1778:
1638:
1634:
1609:
1602:
1598:
1570:
1554:
1516:. When the DNA double-strand helix is unwound, during DNA replication or
1459:
1398:
1390:
1386:
1321:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1267:
1263:
1255:
1226:
1114:
1079:
1071:
1067:
1043:
1035:
959:
935:
931:
880:
702:
628:
623:
609:
592:
569:
565:
561:
552:
538:
534:
447:
443:
416:
402:
398:
390:
376:
353:
343:
251:
11843:"Experimental Observations on the Prophylaxis and Treatment of Syphilis"
9913:"Strategic targeting of the PI3K-NFκB axis in cisplatin-resistant NSCLC"
6261:
Liu YQ, Yang L, Tian X (2007). "Podophyllotoxin: current perspectives".
5504:
5487:
4602:
4047:
Corrie PG, Pippa G. (2008). "Cytotoxic chemotherapy: clinical aspects".
3576:
3519:
3371:
Biomarkers of exposure to antineoplastic drugs commonly include urinary
1793:, and eliminate the need for repeated insertion of peripheral cannulae.
27:
Treatment of cancer using drugs that inhibit cell division or kill cells
15354:
15325:
15283:
15252:
15247:
15186:
15181:
15171:
15109:
15095:
15035:
14990:
14938:
14858:
14854:
14795:
14755:
14710:
14706:
14596:
14532:
14482:
14447:
14443:
14387:
14382:
14357:
14322:
14307:
14282:
14265:
14255:
14213:
14184:
14149:
14115:
14032:
14022:
14002:
13966:
13951:
13946:
13916:
13850:
13846:
13828:
13776:
13755:
13715:
13710:
13649:
13580:
13555:
13530:
13453:
13388:
13348:
13343:
13323:
13318:
13298:
13288:
13278:
13193:
13173:
13155:
13063:
12891:
12740:
12677:
12641:
11416:"A Review of Isolation Gowns in Healthcare: Fabric and Gown Properties"
11224:
10734:"Dual purpose: some cancer therapies used to treat autoimmune diseases"
8956:
Shaikh AY, Shih JA (June 2012). "Chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity".
8072:
Shapiro J, Price VH (April 1998). "Hair regrowth. Therapeutic agents".
7284:
3987:"Therapeutic Potential of NAD-Boosting Molecules: The In Vivo Evidence"
3811:
3722:
3684:
3658:
3562:"any treatment of disease with drugs" is often expressed with the word
3559:
3551:
3531:
3384:
3258:
3104:
2947:
2862:
2805:
2717:
2628:
2616:
2612:
2511:
2502:
Between 30 and 40 percent of people undergoing chemotherapy experience
2367:
2310:
2298:
2262:
2174:
2149:), hereditary disease, kidney dysfunction, nutritional deficiencies or
2142:
2114:
1939:
1903:
1770:
1630:
1626:
1582:
1566:
1562:
1528:
1483:
1429:
1414:
1410:
1275:
1271:
1259:
1251:
1210:
1199:
1195:
1183:
1163:
1143:
1139:
1121:. The drugs are very similar but they have subtle differences in their
1118:
1023:
1011:
987:
939:
892:
812:
640:
507:
489:
295:
184:
12471:
11082:"Defining the intensity of conditioning regimens: working definitions"
10778:"Anti-inflammatory mechanisms of methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis"
10678:
10479:
Makin G, Hickman JA (July 2000). "Apoptosis and cancer chemotherapy".
9928:
9845:
9828:
8732:
6887:
6497:
6131:
6086:
5580:
5088:
4379:
4362:
3266:
effect from anti-neoplastic drugs to workers in health care settings.
1692:
Mitomycin is a cytotoxic antibiotic with the ability to alkylate DNA.
784:(BSA). The BSA is usually calculated with a mathematical formula or a
97:
15262:
15242:
15216:
15191:
15126:
15104:
14932:
14845:
14719:
14377:
14367:
14362:
14332:
14312:
14260:
14250:
14238:
14233:
14179:
14174:
14120:
14053:
13926:
13921:
13906:
13901:
13896:
13886:
13881:
13876:
13781:
13771:
13750:
13745:
13740:
13735:
13730:
13720:
13700:
13664:
13659:
13654:
13644:
13639:
13606:
13601:
13596:
13565:
13545:
13540:
13383:
13373:
13198:
13046:
12910:
12796:
12781:
12662:
12646:
12562:
Wikiversity page for the International Ototoxicity Management Group:
8466:
8413:
5987:"Modifications on the basic skeletons of vinblastine and vincristine"
5958:
4908:
3680:
3478:
3108:
3072:
3060:
2986:
2943:
2854:
2812:
2752:
2636:
2442:
2418:
2314:
2302:
2286:
2146:
2119:
2069:
2061:
2027:
1922:
1786:
1782:
1766:
1728:
1678:
1656:
Actinomycin is a complex molecule that intercalates DNA and prevents
1617:
1594:
1550:
1546:
1532:
1479:
1439:
1406:
1352:
1187:
1063:
1059:
1031:
1027:
1003:
991:
983:
968:
896:
748:
644:
632:
542:
511:
493:
474:
470:
466:
394:
372:
271:
247:
205:. Other inhibitions of growth-signals, such as those associated with
74:
12340:
the Cliniporator™ by means of invasive or non-invasive electrodes".
11911:
11894:
11699:
11616:
10605:
10588:
10248:
10189:
10078:
10063:"Combining Immunotherapy and Targeted Therapies in Cancer Treatment"
10010:
Godwin P, Baird AM, Heavey S, Barr MP, O'Byrne KJ, Gately K (2013).
9741:
9505:
Ward EJ, Henry LM, Friend AJ, Wilkins S, Phillips RS (August 2015).
9309:"Platinum-induced hearing loss after treatment for childhood cancer"
6371:
5868:
5742:
5463:
5446:
3434:
2926:
2413:(S1P) has shown similar effect, but its mechanism of inhibiting the
1850:
Virtually all chemotherapeutic regimens can cause depression of the
15363:
15227:
15223:
15196:
14635:
14568:
14487:
14127:
13891:
13695:
13634:
13590:
13550:
13520:
13273:
13137:
13133:
13058:
12900:
12791:
12750:
12735:
12608:
12600:
10776:
Cutolo M, Sulli A, Pizzorni C, Seriolo B, Straub RH (August 2001).
10423:(4th ed.). Baltimore, Md.: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
10190:"Adverse effects of anticancer agents that target the VEGF pathway"
10158:
9121:"Renal failure associated with cancer and its treatment: an update"
8684:
7356:
7033:
Internal medicine: handbook for clinicians, resident survival guide
6650:"A Systematic Review of Adherence to Oral Antineoplastic Therapies"
5727:"Mitotic catastrophe: a mechanism for avoiding genomic instability"
4945:
Kaldate RR, Haregewoin A, Grier CE, Hamilton SA, McLeod HL (2012).
3880:
3878:
3713:
3689:
3619:
3543:
3372:
3084:
3001:
2959:
2911:
2729:
2713:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2450:
2221:
2199:
has been found to be beneficial in reducing fatigue in people with
2177:. Extremely low platelet counts may be temporarily boosted through
2170:
2166:
2138:
2097:
2089:
2039:
2035:
1971:
1867:
1800:
1732:
1167:
1055:
1015:
884:
785:
731:
require that the recipient be capable of undergoing the treatment.
275:
196:
192:
44:"Anticancer drugs" and "Chemo" redirect here. For the journal, see
11977:
6696:
2969:
In the broad sense, most chemotherapeutic drugs work by impairing
2874:
1653:
that damage intercellular molecules and topoisomerase inhibition.
15339:
15257:
14922:
14689:
14511:
14461:
13231:
12801:
12786:
10586:
9450:"Management of cytotoxic chemotherapy-induced hand-foot syndrome"
7818:"Exercise for the management of cancer-related fatigue in adults"
4313:(4th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Willians & Wilkins.
3709:
3693:
3495:
3120:
2970:
2866:
2405:
2188:
1422:
1418:
1247:
1191:
1171:
1159:
1155:
943:
675:
231:
176:
10587:
Zitvogel L, Apetoh L, Ghiringhelli F, Kroemer G (January 2008).
10443:
7730:
7467:"Chemotherapy-induced anemia in adults: incidence and treatment"
6803:
5357:
Lind M.J., M.J. (2008). "Principles of cytotoxic chemotherapy".
3875:
2950:(among other features). It is caused by the interaction between
1727:, although a number of agents can be administered orally (e.g.,
262:. This results in the most common side-effects of chemotherapy:
15021:
14684:
12672:
12604:
8385:
Morgan S, Anderson RA, Gourley C, Wallace WH, Spears N (2012).
5156:
3642:
3626:) or on cells that the tumor can utilise, such as blood vessel
2935:
2894:
for targeted therapy is the BCR-ABL1 protein produced from the
2858:
2669:(where bile does not flow from the liver to the intestine) and
2461:
Female patients of reproductive potential should use effective
2217:
2134:
2085:
2051:
2031:
1963:
1871:
1686:
1455:
1340:
1175:
1151:
864:
597:
172:
155:
11892:
10828:
Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology
10532:"Cancer heterogeneity: implications for targeted therapeutics"
7781:
Franklin DJ, Packel L (March 2006). "Cancer-related fatigue".
7681:
7646:
6916:
5955:
Botanical Miracles: Chemistry of Plants That Changed the World
5904:
Gansäuer A, Justicia J, Fan CA, Worgull D, Piestert F (2007).
5253:
4944:
4363:"Follicular lymphoma: 2012 update on diagnosis and management"
1962:) and skin. This may manifest as systemic infections, such as
670:
Combined modality chemotherapy is the use of drugs with other
15321:
15031:
14526:
14111:
13837:
13671:
13620:
13100:
11564:
The MASCC Textbook of Cancer Supportive Care and Survivorship
11297:
8998:
6483:
4750:
3638:
3555:
2797:
2623:). The cause of this is most likely due to the production of
2047:
1991:
1895:
1891:
1633:. Other clinically used drugs in the anthracycline group are
1317:
846:
835:
808:
12261:
11275:
Antineoplastic drugs: Occupational exposure and health risks
9553:
9209:
Rybak LP, Mukherjea D, Jajoo S, Ramkumar V (November 2009).
8637:
8507:
8384:
5724:
5531:. In Pazdur R, Wagman LD, Camphausen KA, Hoskins WJ (eds.).
3938:"Apoptosis: a link between cancer genetics and chemotherapy"
2547:, referred to as "chemo brain" in popular and social media.
1921:, which occurs in some regimens, almost all the bone marrow
1785:. These have a lower infection risk, are much less prone to
1438:, the Pacific yew. Now this drug and another in this class,
226:(treatments that work only where they are applied), such as
15025:
14226:
14012:
13510:
13236:
13218:
13208:
13168:
13036:
12636:
12598:
11939:"Antibody conjugate therapeutics: challenges and potential"
11079:
9867:
9355:
9306:
9257:
9208:
8730:
8501:
7934:
Sanger, Gareth J.; Andrews, Paul L. R. (4 September 2018).
7865:
PDQ Supportive and Palliative Care Editorial Board (2002),
7104:
5984:
4409:
4309:
Cancer Chemotherapy and Biotherapy: Principles and Practice
3542:, an arsenic compound discovered in 1907 and used to treat
3486:
3465:(blood production). A similar family of compounds known as
2951:
2195:, primary and metastatic disease or nutritional depletion.
822:
815:. In many cases, this can result in sub-optimal treatment.
656:
139:
12212:
12155:
10775:
7734:"NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines Cancer-related fatigue"
6647:
5903:
4859:
4810:
4806:
4804:
4802:
4800:
4798:
4796:
4794:
4792:
4790:
4788:
3145:
1573:, which also have other significant mechanisms of action.
1320:-derived chemicals that block cell division by preventing
12366:
10635:
9159:
8290:
7532:
7270:
6152:
5787:"Microtubule-binding natural products for cancer therapy"
5231:
5089:
Hanna, Louise; Crosby, Tom; Fergus Macbeth, eds. (2008).
3697:
3280:
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists
2661:. The liver damage can consist of damage to liver cells,
2362:
Some types of chemotherapy are gonadotoxic and may cause
1845:
1113:(left) and two anti-metabolite drugs (center and right),
951:
947:
274:(inflammation of the lining of the digestive tract), and
10824:
10418:
9811:
9447:
9258:
van As JW, van den Berg H, van Dalen EC (January 2020).
8763:
8223:
8189:
Trüeb RM (March 2009). "Chemotherapy-induced alopecia".
8020:
Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology
7816:
Cramp F, Byron-Daniel J (November 2012). Cramp F (ed.).
6436:. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 91ff.
3884:
3269:
2992:
As chemotherapy affects cell division, tumors with high
2981:. As these drugs cause damage to cells, they are termed
2526:. Though the symptoms are mainly sensory, in some cases
1062:
and diaziquone (AZQ). Cisplatin and derivatives include
12402:
11497:"Safe management of wastes from health-care activities"
11054:. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Archived from
9307:
van As JW, van den Berg H, van Dalen EC (August 2016).
8882:
Tannock IF, Ahles TA, Ganz PA, Van Dam FS (June 2004).
8881:
8585:
7206:
Davila ML (January 2006). "Neutropenic enterocolitis".
6356:"Targeting DNA topoisomerase II in cancer chemotherapy"
4998:
4785:
4539:
2603:(heart damage) is especially prominent with the use of
2403:, where several studies have shown a protective effect
1677:
that damage DNA. This occurs when bleomycin binds to a
1393:. Following the success of these drugs, semi-synthetic
12493:
McKnight JA (May 2003). "Principles of chemotherapy".
11567:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 351.
11128:
10910:
Gray O, McDonnell GV, Forbes RB (2004). Gray O (ed.).
10530:
Fisher, R; Pusztai, L; Swanton, C (19 February 2013).
9829:"Mechanisms of drug resistance in cancer chemotherapy"
9504:
8106:
7405:
6409:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 155.
6117:
5985:
Keglevich P, Hazai L, Kalaus G, Szántay C (May 2012).
4994:
4992:
4990:
4078:
3517:
as meaning any use of chemicals to treat any disease (
1421:
and prevent proper microtubule formation required for
266:(decreased production of blood cells, hence that also
14431:
Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System
12553:
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
10009:
9910:
9118:
8764:
Beijers AJ, Jongen JL, Vreugdenhil G (January 2012).
5113:
5033:
4074:
4072:
4070:
3984:
3210:
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
2796:
poses an obstacle to delivery of chemotherapy to the
1539:, which is obtained from the Chinese ornamental tree
12310:
11004:
10529:
9959:
9356:
van As JW, van den Berg H, van Dalen EC (May 2019).
8338:
7738:
Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network
7536:
Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network
7266:
7264:
7100:
7098:
7096:
7055:
6974:
Léger, Chantal S.; Nevill, Thomas J. (11 May 2004).
6873:
4535:
4533:
4531:
4333:
2880:
12338:
11581:
11516:
11049:"NCCN Guidelines: Systemic Light Chain Amyloidosis"
10961:
10909:
10061:Vanneman, Matthew; Dranoff, Glenn (22 March 2012).
9119:Humphreys BD, Soiffer RJ, Magee CC (January 2005).
8638:Arnon J, Meirow D, Lewis-Roness H, Ornoy A (2001).
8435:
8151:
7897:
6429:
6402:
6288:Lodish H, Berk A, Zipursky SL, et al. (2000).
5825:
5654:
4987:
4410:Rampling R, James A, Papanastassiou V (June 2004).
4284:(6th ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
3935:
2555:In particularly large tumors and cancers with high
2399:Potential protective or attenuating agents include
1708:receiving chemotherapy. The girl on the left has a
1198:, fluoropyrimidines, deoxynucleoside analogues and
12034:
11304:Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
8387:"How do chemotherapeutic agents damage the ovary?"
6287:
5980:
5978:
5388:
4904:
4902:
4900:
4898:
4896:
4894:
4892:
4416:Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry
4306:
4277:
4067:
3332:
3282:(ACGIH) have not set workplace safety guidelines.
3083:-2 enzyme pathways; reduction in pro-inflammatory
2962:(genes that control the growth rate of cells) and
2769:is another side effect to cytotoxic chemotherapy.
2122:, a very serious and potentially life-threatening
1712:inserted in her neck. The girl on the right has a
11899:Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences
11893:Chidambaram M, Manavalan R, Kathiresan K (2011).
11520:Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
9727:
7873:, Bethesda (MD): National Cancer Institute (US),
7815:
7261:
7093:
6838:
5689:
5228:"Customizing Chemotherapy for Better Cancer Care"
4706:
4528:
4458:
4209:
4189:. St. Louis, Mo: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone.
3936:Johnstone RW, Ruefli AA, Lowe SW (January 2002).
2687:(only seen on blood or urine tests) or may cause
2409:in humans, but some studies show no such effect.
1417:-specific. They bind to the tubulin molecules in
15436:
11932:
11930:
11888:
11886:
11188:
10957:
10955:
10905:
10903:
10867:
10865:
10771:
10769:
10727:
10725:
9643:
8797:
7783:Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
7180:Commissioner, Office of the (12 February 2021).
7035:. Arlington, VA: Scrub Hill Press. p. 130.
3461:and was discovered to be a potent suppressor of
3278:set for antineoplastic drugs, i.e., OSHA or the
3197:(ASHP) has since then introduced the concept of
171:now means the non-specific use of intracellular
10871:
10421:Principles and practice of gynecologic oncology
10329:"Mechanisms of inherited cancer susceptibility"
10277:
10060:
9083:
8931:, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing,
8731:Grisold W, Oberndorfer S, Windebank AJ (2012).
8508:Roness H, Kalich-Philosoph L, Meirow D (2014).
6396:
6307:"The molecular perspective: DNA topoisomerases"
5975:
5840:. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. Vol. VI.
5780:
5778:
5776:
5558:
5556:
5554:
5533:Cancer Management: A Multidisciplinary Approach
5440:
5438:
5436:
5434:
5391:"Mechanisms of resistance to alkylating agents"
5384:
5382:
5380:
4889:
4746:
4744:
4707:Beumer JH, Chu E, Salamone SJ (November 2012).
4702:
4700:
4650:
4648:
4575:
4573:
4571:
4459:Madan V, Lear JT, Szeimies RM (February 2010).
3220:Antineoplastic drugs are usually given through
3127:have shown promise in treating AL amyloidosis.
2716:), dry skin, damaged fingernails, a dry mouth (
2242:Hair matting after few sessions of chemotherapy
11685:
11587:
10589:"Immunological aspects of cancer chemotherapy"
8922:
8843:"Chemotherapy-induced pain puzzles scientists"
8740:European Association of Neurooncology Magazine
8380:
8378:
8226:Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
8047:Clinical Advances in Hematology & Oncology
7780:
6217:
5916:. Topics in Current Chemistry. Vol. 279.
5034:Canal, P.; Chatelut, E.; Guichard, S. (1998).
4579:
4507:
3591:used in the delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs
1994:, the government has approved the use of some
14414:
12983:
12584:
12122:
12071:
12028:
11927:
11883:
11840:
11834:
10998:
10952:
10900:
10862:
10818:
10766:
10722:
10472:
10437:
10320:
10271:
10234:
10228:
10181:
10138:
10111:
9820:
9764:
9721:
9686:
9637:
9602:
9596:
9202:
9153:
9125:Journal of the American Society of Nephrology
9112:
9077:
9027:
8949:
8875:
8793:
8791:
8680:DOXORUBICIN HYDROCHLORIDE injection, solution
8633:
8631:
8629:
8627:
8625:
8623:
8217:
8182:
8038:
8011:
7933:
6612:
5526:
5444:
5093:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
4148:
4144:
3601:
3203:Occupational Safety and Health Administration
3195:American Society of Health-System Pharmacists
2910:has enzyme activity that can be inhibited by
2387:People may choose between several methods of
14429:Major chemical drug groups – based upon the
12495:Clinical Techniques in Small Animal Practice
11936:
11650:
11614:
11007:Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology
10478:
10369:
9812:Crowley E, McDevitt CA, Callaghan R (2009).
9692:
8710:"Chemotherapy-induced Peripheral Neuropathy"
8605:10.1182/blood.V87.7.3045.bloodjournal8773045
8548:
8071:
8017:
7809:
7774:
7724:
7597:
7562:
7526:
7499:
7464:
7458:
7179:
6832:
6797:
6748:
6477:
6430:Offermanns S, Rosenthal W (14 August 2008).
6403:Offermanns S, Rosenthal W (14 August 2008).
6347:
6298:
6068:
5948:
5837:Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry 26
5773:
5648:
5605:
5551:
5431:
5377:
5266:
4741:
4697:
4645:
4568:
4304:
4184:
4142:
4140:
4138:
4136:
4134:
4132:
4130:
4128:
4126:
4124:
2819:are able to cross this blood–brain barrier.
2080:
2017:
1236:glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase
12128:
12084:International Journal of Molecular Sciences
11653:Journal of the American College of Surgeons
11213:
11086:Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation
10916:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
10874:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
9511:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
9362:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
9313:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
9264:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
9215:The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine
8375:
7822:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
7688:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
7653:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
7363:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
7313:
7111:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
6973:
6923:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
6606:
6579:
6520:
6456:
6260:
6211:
6155:"Taxol biosynthesis and molecular genetics"
5683:
4657:"How to calculate the dose of chemotherapy"
4280:Handbook of Cancer Chemotherapy (paperback)
4228:
4085:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
3978:
3610:
3115:. Recently, bortezomid in combination with
2712:Less common side-effects include red skin (
2376:by chemotherapy appears to be secondary to
1645:. The mechanisms of anthracyclines include
1616:were the first, and were obtained from the
1489:
659:intent or it may aim to prolong life or to
14421:
14407:
12990:
12976:
12591:
12577:
11795:
11793:
11554:
11131:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
8955:
8923:Adeyinka, Adebayo; Bashir, Khalid (2022),
8788:
8620:
8334:
8332:
8330:
8328:
8191:Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery
7568:
7157:. Cancer.org. 10 June 2008. Archived from
6806:Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America
4180:
4178:
4176:
4174:
4172:
4170:
4081:"Chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer"
3350:
2504:chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy
2498:Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy
2350:are more than 13 times as likely to get a
1297:
974:The subtypes of alkylating agents are the
67:
12430:
12420:
12279:
12238:
12189:
12105:
12095:
12011:
11980:"Combination therapy in combating cancer"
11954:
11910:
11866:
11817:
11799:
11560:
11470:
11447:
11331:
11258:
11105:
10935:
10801:
10749:
10705:
10604:
10563:
10352:
10295:
10187:
10094:
10037:
10027:
9936:
9844:
9788:
9661:
9620:
9579:
9530:
9481:
9432:
9381:
9332:
9283:
9234:
9185:
9136:
9033:
8899:
8858:
8672:
8655:
8603:
8525:
8484:
8412:
8402:
8308:
8110:Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery
7969:
7951:
7841:
7749:
7707:
7603:
7482:
7441:
7423:
7382:
7255:Holland-Frei Cancer Medicine. 6th Edition
7248:
7130:
7024:
7007:
6950:
6780:
6731:
6673:
6562:
6552:
6379:
6322:
6194:
6094:
6012:
6002:
5802:
5784:
5588:
5529:"Principles of Oncologic Pharmacotherapy"
5503:
5462:
5414:
5356:
5308:
5306:
5082:
4970:
4828:
4768:
4724:
4680:
4601:
4484:
4435:
4378:
4252:
4121:
4104:
4046:
4012:
3985:Rajman L, Chwalek K, Sinclair DA (2018).
3953:
3912:
3902:
3633:The first approved drug of this type was
2665:(obstruction of the veins in the liver),
1625:. Derivatives of these compounds include
755:, to being needless in others, like most
126:that uses one or more anti-cancer drugs (
12492:
11646:
11644:
11642:
11471:Reinhardt, Peter A. (29 November 2017).
11420:Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics
10738:Journal of the National Cancer Institute
10333:Journal of Zhejiang University Science B
9777:Journal of the National Cancer Institute
8847:Journal of the National Cancer Institute
8800:Journal of the Peripheral Nervous System
8757:
8707:
7471:Journal of the National Cancer Institute
6304:
5520:
4757:Journal of the National Cancer Institute
4360:
4203:
4042:
4040:
4038:
4036:
4034:
4032:
3575:
3501:
3433:
3422:
2925:
2491:
2237:
2213:Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting
1825:involvement, or with meningeal disease,
1699:
1576:
1493:
1301:
1105:
909:
821:
794:
766:
751:, to being ineffective, such as in some
241:Traditional chemotherapeutic agents are
12549:Hazardous Drug Exposures in Health Care
11790:
11761:
11473:Infectious and Medical Waste Management
11373:from the original on 13 September 2004.
10731:
10326:
10278:Hanahan D, Weinberg RA (January 2000).
9826:
9816:. Springer Protocols. pp. 405–432.
9770:
9404:
8834:
8703:
8701:
8325:
8044:
5389:Damia G, D'Incalci M (September 1998).
5352:
5350:
5348:
5346:
5344:
5342:
4298:
4234:
4167:
3747:
3146:Occupational exposure and safe handling
2550:
2538:
1074:. They impair cell function by forming
301:
14:
15437:
15408:Pharmacological classification systems
14775:Selective estrogen receptor modulators
12453:
11728:
11413:
11355:
11353:
11351:
11248:
11246:
11184:
11182:
11180:
11178:
11176:
10375:
10117:
9547:
8840:
7205:
6526:
6433:Encyclopedia of Molecular Pharmacology
6406:Encyclopedia of Molecular Pharmacology
6353:
6035:
5826:Hirata K, Miyamoto K, Miura Y (1994).
5562:
5312:
5303:
4654:
4624:
3728:
2921:
2545:post-chemotherapy cognitive impairment
2206:
1846:Immunosuppression and myelosuppression
1752:peripherally inserted central catheter
1673:, also intercalates DNA, but produces
1535:, are semi-synthetically derived from
15055:Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
14402:
12971:
12572:
11937:Teicher BA, Chari RV (October 2011).
11639:
10912:"Methotrexate for multiple sclerosis"
10144:
8262:. Vol. 55. Basel: Karger. 2000.
8188:
7505:
7465:Groopman JE, Itri LM (October 1999).
7030:
5918:Springer Science & Business Media
5785:Yue QX, Liu X, Guo DA (August 2010).
5731:Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology
5611:
5230:. My Care Diagnostics. Archived from
4275:
4269:
4029:
3842:National Comprehensive Cancer Network
3688:targeting uses biological molecules (
3270:Safe handling in health care settings
3215:
2898:, a genetic lesion found commonly in
2707:
2337:
1966:, or as localized outbreaks, such as
1589:. The most important subgroup is the
1186:can occur and programmed cell death (
483:
366:
325:
199:for prostate cancer), are now called
11847:The Journal of Experimental Medicine
11841:Nichols HJ, Walker JE (March 1923).
11189:Thomas h. Connor, PhD (March 2014).
8753:from the original on 12 August 2012.
8698:
8155:European Journal of Oncology Nursing
7307:
6980:Canadian Medical Association Journal
6585:
6075:Clinical Medicine Insights: Oncology
5339:
3430:did pioneering work in chemotherapy.
3323:
3149:
3130:Chemotherapy drugs are also used in
3111:is commonly used as a treatment for
919:
14668:Angiotensin II receptor antagonists
11348:
11243:
11231:from the original on 10 August 2021
11173:
9870:Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy
9603:Deeken JF, Löscher W (March 2007).
9560:The New England Journal of Medicine
8770:The Netherlands Journal of Medicine
8733:"Chemotherapy and polyneuropathies"
7208:Current Opinion in Gastroenterology
7147:
7049:
6529:"Actinomycin and DNA transcription"
3852:Radiation induced cognitive decline
3394:
2324:, telogen effluvium, or less often
2126:that requires immediate treatment.
1597:; other prominent examples include
1217:(DHFR), an enzyme that regenerates
1150:. The nucleobases are divided into
138:. Chemotherapy may be given with a
24:
12231:10.1097/01.sla.0000250419.36053.33
12174:10.1097/01.sla.0000250419.36053.33
11802:"A history of cancer chemotherapy"
11800:DeVita VT, Chu E (November 2008).
7618:10.1097/01.smj.0000209275.75045.d4
7583:10.1053/j.seminhematol.2008.12.007
7220:10.1097/01.mog.0000198073.14169.3b
3721:for poorly soluble agents such as
3645:). The drug was approved to treat
3136:hematopoietic stem cell transplant
2474:assisted reproductive technologies
2169:in the blood, which can result in
2022:Due to immune system suppression,
1902:-colony-stimulating factor, e.g.,
1832:
1829:chemotherapy may be administered.
1814:, are used to treat some cases of
1101:
25:
15476:
12533:
11665:10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2010.10.018
11633:10.1001/jama.1919.26110010018009f
10194:Nature Reviews. Clinical Oncology
10188:Chen HX, Cleck JN (August 2009).
9644:Agarwala SS, Kirkwood JM (2000).
8689:U.S. National Library of Medicine
7412:World Journal of Gastroenterology
6232:10.2174/0929867305666220314204426
5204:. Ark Diagnostics. Archived from
3310:
3176:and remove advice or instruction.
3134:prior to bone marrow transplant (
2881:Cytotoxics and targeted therapies
2679:(kidney damage) can be caused by
2432:
2391:prior to chemotherapy, including
1894:) can be improved with synthetic
1498:Topoisomerase I and II Inhibitors
15417:
15397:
15396:
12486:
12447:
12396:
12360:
12332:
12281:10.1111/j.1529-8019.2010.01370.x
12255:
12206:
12149:
12049:10.1097/00001622-200111000-00016
11971:
11755:
11722:
11679:
11608:
11510:
11489:
11464:
11407:
11385:"Hazardous Drugs Program Guides"
11377:
11291:
11267:
11122:
11073:
11041:
10840:10.1111/j.1468-3083.2011.03991.x
10782:Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases
10672:
10629:
10580:
10523:
10412:
10054:
10003:
9953:
9904:
9861:
9805:
9498:
9441:
9398:
9349:
9300:
9251:
9098:10.1053/j.seminoncol.2005.11.011
9036:"Hepatotoxicity of chemotherapy"
8992:
8916:
8812:10.1111/j.1529-8027.2008.00156.x
8724:
8708:del Pino BM (23 February 2010).
8542:
8460:
8429:
8284:
8252:
8145:
8100:
8065:
7986:
7927:
7871:PDQ Cancer Information Summaries
7789:(3 Suppl 1): S91–3, quiz S94–5.
7273:Diseases of the Colon and Rectum
6627:10.1097/00001813-199010000-00002
5669:10.2165/00003495-200363020-00009
5052:10.2165/00003495-199856060-00006
3822:Safe Handling of Hazardous Drugs
3763:
3671:
3341:
3154:
2763:therapy for Hodgkin's disease).
2272:
2255:
1810:Topical chemotherapies, such as
1527:Two topoisomerase I inhibitors,
1432:, was originally extracted from
1238:. The fluoropyrimidines include
845:
834:
742:
14805:Hypothalamic–pituitary hormones
11588:Holland JF, Pollock RE (2010).
9833:Medical Principles and Practice
7891:
7858:
7675:
7640:
7612:(5): 491–8, quiz 499–500, 533.
7399:
7350:
7242:
7199:
7173:
6967:
6910:
6867:
6773:10.1634/theoncologist.2009-0325
6690:
6666:10.1634/theoncologist.2015-0405
6641:
6450:
6423:
6281:
6254:
6146:
6111:
6062:
6029:
5942:
5897:
5862:
5819:
5718:
5692:Pharmacology & Therapeutics
5535:(11th ed.). Archived from
5479:
5260:
5254:"A Brief History of BSA Dosing"
5246:
5220:
5194:
5150:
5107:
5027:
4963:10.1634/theoncologist.2011-0357
4938:
4853:
4618:
4516:(5): 303–11, discussion 312–3.
4501:
4452:
4403:
4354:
4327:
3333:Housekeeping and waste disposal
3079:; effects on immuno-regulatory
2728:. Some medications can trigger
2595:
2415:sphingomyelin apoptotic pathway
1365:alkaloids are derived from the
1355:). These drugs can also affect
926:Alkylating antineoplastic agent
50:. For other uses of chemo, see
15465:Occupational safety and health
11591:Holland-Frei Cancer Medicine 8
10928:10.1002/14651858.CD003208.pub2
10886:10.1002/14651858.CD004524.pub4
9523:10.1002/14651858.cd003298.pub3
9374:10.1002/14651858.cd009219.pub5
9325:10.1002/14651858.cd010181.pub2
9276:10.1002/14651858.CD010885.pub5
8446:10.1016/j.placenta.2008.07.007
7834:10.1002/14651858.CD006145.pub3
7700:10.1002/14651858.CD010983.pub2
7661:10.1002/14651858.CD004269.pub3
7375:10.1002/14651858.cd008831.pub3
7123:10.1002/14651858.CD004386.pub3
6935:10.1002/14651858.CD005339.pub2
6120:Journal of Medicinal Chemistry
5317:. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
4367:American Journal of Hematology
4097:10.1002/14651858.cd004064.pub4
3929:
3817:Experimental cancer treatments
3666:anaplastic large cell lymphoma
3597:Experimental cancer treatments
3419:History of cancer chemotherapy
3285:
2938:is the uncontrolled growth of
2779:
2421:action of chemotherapy drugs.
2357:
13:
1:
14557:Thrombolytics / fibrinolytics
12906:Clonally transmissible cancer
12409:BioMedical Engineering OnLine
11956:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-11-1417
11819:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-6611
11776:10.1016/S1470-2045(08)70075-5
11561:Ian Olver (19 October 2010).
11532:10.1080/15459624.2017.1285496
10398:10.1126/science.278.5340.1068
10297:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81683-9
9981:10.1016/j.lungcan.2019.07.006
9882:10.1586/14737140.2015.1095095
9663:10.1634/theoncologist.5-2-144
9622:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-06-2854
9055:10.1634/theoncologist.6-2-162
8958:Current Heart Failure Reports
8693:National Institutes of Health
8086:10.1016/S0733-8635(05)70017-6
6853:10.1016/S0960-7404(98)00028-0
6275:10.1016/j.jallcom.2006.06.070
6069:Faller BA, Pandit TN (2011).
5527:Takimoto CH, Calvo E (2008).
5445:Malhotra V, Perry MC (2003).
4554:10.1016/s0959-8049(02)00151-x
4477:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61196-X
4254:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-05-0437
3955:10.1016/S0092-8674(02)00625-6
3868:
3546:. This was later followed by
3407:list of antineoplastic agents
3401:List of antineoplastic agents
3297:personal protective equipment
3042:
2836:
2458:and fetal myelosuppression.
1984:trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
1858:and leading to a decrease of
179:(cell division) or to induce
15268:Wakefulness-promoting agents
12382:10.1016/j.canlet.2005.03.057
12354:10.1016/j.ejcsup.2006.08.003
12326:10.1016/j.ejcsup.2006.08.002
11316:10.1097/JOM.0000000000000249
10698:10.1016/j.immuni.2015.11.024
9917:Cancer Biology & Therapy
9695:Journal of Clinical Oncology
9415:10.1007/978-3-319-74588-6_52
9166:Journal of Clinical Oncology
8888:Journal of Clinical Oncology
8563:10.1586/17474086.2013.816507
7249:Sinicrope, Frank A. (2003).
6704:Clinical Infectious Diseases
5951:"Africa's gift to the world"
5949:Cooper R, Deakin JJ (2016).
5704:10.1016/0163-7258(91)90086-2
5626:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-040010
5451:Cancer Biology & Therapy
5172:10.1097/FTD.0b013e3182a04fc7
5128:10.1097/FTD.0b013e31829dc940
4817:Journal of Clinical Oncology
4713:Journal of Clinical Oncology
4305:Chabner B, Longo DL (2005).
4212:The Chemotherapy source book
3581:Scanning electron micrograph
3469:were studied further during
3387:, and urinary metabolite of
3276:occupational exposure limits
3097:systemic lupus erythematosus
3055:is used in the treatment of
2904:acute lymphoblastic leukemia
2900:chronic myelogenous leukemia
2478:micromanipulation techniques
2417:may also interfere with the
2233:
1944:bone marrow cell transplants
1706:acute lymphoblastic leukemia
1458:obtained primarily from the
288:systemic lupus erythematosus
7:
12131:Journal of Law and Medicine
12037:Current Opinion in Oncology
9771:Goldman B (February 2003).
8551:Expert Review of Hematology
7408:"Neutropenic enterocolitis"
6263:Current Bioactive Compounds
6220:Current Medicinal Chemistry
5871:Current Medicinal Chemistry
5371:10.1016/j.mpmed.2007.10.003
5116:Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
5091:Practical clinical oncology
4361:Freedman A (October 2012).
4185:Wood M, Brighton D (2005).
4061:10.1016/j.mpmed.2007.10.012
3771:
3571:
3257:Moreover, these drugs have
3091:is sometimes used to treat
2873:, the transcription factor
2861:in the cell that carry out
2663:hepatic sinusoidal syndrome
2627:in the cell and subsequent
1695:
73:A woman being treated with
10:
15481:
14918:Intravenous immunoglobulin
13493:Tyrosine kinase inhibitors
12937:Index of oncology articles
12312:subcutaneous metastases".
11594:. PMPH-USA. p. 1758.
11432:10.1177/155892501501000313
11414:Kilinc, F. Selcen (2015).
11098:10.1016/j.bbmt.2009.07.004
10976:10.1191/1352458506ms1299oa
10638:Nature Reviews. Immunology
10593:Nature Reviews. Immunology
10327:Hodgson S (January 2008).
9034:King PD, Perry MC (2001).
8238:10.1016/j.jaad.2011.02.026
8203:10.1016/j.sder.2008.12.001
8168:10.1016/j.ejon.2012.06.003
7795:10.1016/j.apmr.2005.12.015
6324:10.1634/stemcells.20-5-470
6294:. New York: W. H. Freeman.
5323:10.1002/0470025077.chap84b
5013:10.1016/j.ctrv.2008.07.005
4924:10.1016/j.clcc.2012.05.004
4912:Clinical Colorectal Cancer
4875:10.1016/j.clcc.2011.03.015
4863:Clinical Colorectal Cancer
4594:10.1016/j.clon.2006.10.010
4542:European Journal of Cancer
4461:"Non-melanoma skin cancer"
4235:Epstein RJ (August 2005).
4210:Perry, Michael J. (2008).
4005:10.1016/j.cmet.2018.02.011
3787:Antimicrobial chemotherapy
3732:
3602:Targeted delivery vehicles
3594:
3536:antibacterial chemotherapy
3485:on the Italian harbour of
3416:
3412:
3398:
3274:As of 2018, there were no
3248:
2998:acute myelogenous leukemia
2902:and in some patients with
2495:
2456:complications of pregnancy
2210:
1974:, or other members of the
1854:, often by paralysing the
1748:peripheral venous catheter
1714:peripheral venous catheter
1608:Among the anthracyclines,
1501:
1403:non-small-cell lung cancer
1401:(used in the treatment of
1286:. The thiopurines include
1142:; a molecule comprising a
1128:
942:many molecules, including
923:
43:
32:Antimicrobial chemotherapy
29:
15392:
15348:
15320:
15276:
15085:
15020:
14983:
14931:
14844:
14788:
14748:
14705:
14589:
14525:
14437:
14083:
13860:
13501:
13491:
13359:Mirvetuximab soravtansine
13251:
13132:
13092:
13027:
13014:
12924:
12877:
12835:
12810:
12774:
12696:
12655:
12622:
12615:
11996:10.18632/oncotarget.16723
11019:10.1007/s12016-009-8196-0
10732:Ben-Ari ET (April 2004).
10536:British Journal of Cancer
10458:10.1016/j.tox.2009.01.019
10280:"The hallmarks of cancer"
10206:10.1038/nrclinonc.2009.94
10120:American Family Physician
9013:10.1016/j.cld.2013.07.010
8970:10.1007/s11897-012-0083-y
8644:Human Reproduction Update
8514:Human Reproduction Update
8391:Human Reproduction Update
8353:10.1080/02841860601166958
7940:Frontiers in Pharmacology
7328:10.1007/s00520-006-0040-y
7316:Supportive Care in Cancer
7071:10.1007/s00520-010-0900-3
7059:Supportive Care in Cancer
6818:10.1016/j.soc.2008.04.007
6527:Sobell HM (August 1985).
6179:10.1007/s11101-005-3748-2
6004:10.3390/molecules17055893
5281:10.1007/s12032-011-0019-5
4661:British Journal of Cancer
3904:10.1186/s12935-015-0221-1
3891:Cancer Cell International
3290:NIOSH recommends using a
2977:), effectively targeting
2845:of these pumps, known as
2749:interstitial lung disease
2378:premature ovarian failure
2151:anemia of chronic disease
2129:
2081:Gastrointestinal distress
2024:neutropenic enterocolitis
2018:Neutropenic enterocolitis
1933:) are destroyed, meaning
1472:Sinopodophyllum hexandrum
1397:alkaloids were produced:
1205:The anti-folates include
762:
757:non-melanoma skin cancers
603:
578:
551:
524:
460:
433:
320:
317:
314:
207:receptor tyrosine kinases
94:
86:
66:
61:
14973:Topoisomerase inhibitors
14657:renin–angiotensin system
14651:Calcium channel blockers
13503:Receptor tyrosine kinase
13029:Receptor tyrosine kinase
11943:Clinical Cancer Research
11260:10.26616/NIOSHPUB2009106
10481:Cell and Tissue Research
9707:10.1200/JCO.2006.10.0677
9609:Clinical Cancer Research
9178:10.1200/JCO.2011.39.1110
9001:Clinics in Liver Disease
8310:10.1001/jama.297.11.1207
7953:10.3389/fphar.2018.00913
7908:10.1007/0-387-31056-8_83
7606:Southern Medical Journal
6036:Raviña, Enrique (2011).
5883:10.2174/0929867043455846
5620:(12 Pt 2): 4276s–4280s.
5614:Clinical Cancer Research
5202:"ARK Methotrexate Assay"
5001:Cancer Treatment Reviews
4830:10.1200/jco.2007.13.3934
4726:10.1200/JCO.2012.44.2863
4428:10.1136/jnnp.2004.040535
4241:Clinical Cancer Research
3637:(Mylotarg), released by
3616:Antibody-drug conjugates
3611:Antibody-drug conjugates
2946:behaviour: invasion and
2532:autonomic nervous system
2445:, especially during the
2100:, abdominal cramps, and
1816:non-melanoma skin cancer
1670:Streptomyces verticillus
1549:). These agents include
1490:Topoisomerase inhibitors
1213:. Methotrexate inhibits
1098:and hexamethylmelamine.
905:
696:Combination chemotherapy
13093:Others for solid tumors
12999:Targeted cancer therapy
12859:Prostate cancer staging
12823:Paraneoplastic syndrome
12544:American Cancer Society
12507:10.1053/svms.2003.36617
11195:The Oncology Pharmacist
11151:10.1196/annals.1371.008
10029:10.3389/fonc.2013.00120
9407:Oncologic Critical Care
8901:10.1200/JCO.2004.08.094
8123:10.2310/7750.2010.09014
7751:10.6004/jnccn.2010.0067
7548:10.6004/jnccn.2008.0042
7484:10.1093/jnci/91.19.1616
6554:10.1073/pnas.82.16.5328
6486:Pharmacological Reviews
5563:Parker WB (July 2009).
5407:10.1023/A:1008060720608
4770:10.1093/jnci/94.24.1883
4655:Gurney H (April 2002).
3475:Yale School of Medicine
3351:Occupational monitoring
2896:Philadelphia chromosome
2486:embryo cryopreservation
2411:Sphingosine-1-phosphate
2077:to prevent recurrence.
2012:cyclin-dependent kinase
1797:Isolated limb perfusion
1756:central venous catheter
1710:central venous catheter
1504:Topoisomerase inhibitor
1314:Anti-microtubule agents
1298:Anti-microtubule agents
1215:dihydrofolate reductase
1018:. Nitrosoureas include
954:. This ability to bind
128:chemotherapeutic agents
34:. For the journal, see
14765:Hormonal contraception
14695:Bile acid sequestrants
14476:Proton-pump inhibitors
14439:gastrointestinal tract
13354:Loncastuximab tesirine
13083:Trastuzumab deruxtecan
12897:Tumor suppressor genes
12864:Gleason grading system
12818:Precancerous condition
12422:10.1186/1475-925X-9-10
11688:Nature Reviews. Cancer
10237:Nature Reviews. Cancer
10147:Nature Reviews. Cancer
10067:Nature Reviews. Cancer
9730:Nature Reviews. Cancer
9466:10.4081/oncol.2020.442
9138:10.1681/ASN.2004100843
8925:"Tumor Lysis Syndrome"
8841:Savage L (July 2007).
8657:10.1093/humupd/7.4.394
7998:www.urmc.rochester.edu
7571:Seminars in Hematology
6360:Nature Reviews. Cancer
6354:Nitiss JL (May 2009).
6159:Phytochemistry Reviews
5804:10.1055/s-0030-1250073
5256:. My Care Diagnostics.
4673:10.1038/sj.bjc.6600139
4149:Rachel Airley (2009).
3797:Cancer-related fatigue
3719:magnetic drug delivery
3647:acute myeloid leukemia
3592:
3530:), such as the use of
3442:
3431:
3405:There is an extensive
3140:total body irradiation
3095:, a common symptom of
3065:ankylosing spondylitis
3033:immunogenic cell death
2964:tumor suppressor genes
2932:
2741:cardiovascular disease
2659:nutritional deficiency
2571:, some people develop
2482:in vitro fertilization
2389:fertility preservation
2243:
1956:gastrointestinal tract
1912:efbemalenograstim alfa
1888:neutrophil granulocyte
1823:central nervous system
1744:winged infusion device
1717:
1622:Streptomyces peucetius
1499:
1310:
1126:
1020:N-Nitroso-N-methylurea
916:
827:
800:
773:
435:Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
195:for breast cancer and
52:Chemo (disambiguation)
13429:Sacituzumab govitecan
13369:Moxetumomab pasudotox
13339:Inotuzumab ozogamicin
13242:Gemtuzumab ozogamicin
13078:Trastuzumab emtansine
13019:monoclonal antibodies
13003:antineoplastic agents
12916:Carcinogenic bacteria
12656:Malignant progression
12158:"Electrochemotherapy"
11615:Krumbhaar EB (1919).
11221:"Chemotherapy Safety"
10751:10.1093/jnci/96.8.577
10501:10.1007/s004419900160
10016:Frontiers in Oncology
9790:10.1093/jnci/95.4.255
9572:10.1056/NEJMoa1204410
8527:10.1093/humupd/dmu019
8486:10.1093/humrep/det268
8440:. 29 Suppl B: 152–9.
8404:10.1093/humupd/dms022
7577:(1 Suppl 2): S26-32.
7425:10.3748/wjg.v23.i1.42
7155:"Coriolus Versicolor"
6046:John Wiley & Sons
5834:. In Bajaj YP (ed.).
3807:Chemotherapy regimens
3651:trastuzumab emtansine
3635:gemtuzumab ozogamicin
3579:
3437:
3426:
3132:conditioning regimens
3049:plasma cell dyscrasia
2929:
2621:liposomal doxorubicin
2524:peripheral neuropathy
2520:proteasome inhibitors
2496:Further information:
2492:Peripheral neuropathy
2449:, to the extent that
2424:In chemotherapy as a
2241:
2211:Further information:
2179:platelet transfusions
2068:. It has a very poor
1890:count below 0.5 x 10/
1720:Most chemotherapy is
1703:
1577:Cytotoxic antibiotics
1542:Camptotheca acuminata
1497:
1454:is an antineoplastic
1367:Madagascar periwinkle
1305:
1109:
1054:. Aziridines include
1042:. Tetrazines include
913:
825:
798:
770:
729:chemotherapy regimens
709:Adjuvant chemotherapy
309:chemotherapy regimens
15450:Antineoplastic drugs
15374:Radiopharmaceuticals
15162:Antiparkinson agents
13284:Belantamab mafodotin
12869:Dukes classification
12268:Dermatologic Therapy
12097:10.3390/ijms23084249
11859:10.1084/jem.37.4.525
11764:The Lancet. Oncology
11737:. Springer. p.
10794:10.1136/ard.60.8.729
10650:10.1038/nri.2016.107
10548:10.1038/bjc.2012.581
10345:10.1631/jzus.B073001
9409:. pp. 531–556.
9227:10.1620/tjem.219.177
9086:Seminars in Oncology
8074:Dermatologic Clinics
6992:10.1503/cmaj.1011625
6876:Dermatologic Surgery
6588:Seminars in Oncology
6305:Goodsell DS (2002).
6048:. pp. 157–159.
5926:10.1007/128_2007_130
4422:(Suppl 2): ii24-30.
3832:Hyperthermia therapy
3753:Hyperthermia therapy
3748:Hyperthermia therapy
3447:small-molecule drugs
3357:medical surveillance
3174:rewrite this section
3057:rheumatoid arthritis
3014:Heterogeneic tumours
2774:parenteral nutrition
2681:tumor lysis syndrome
2573:tumor lysis syndrome
2551:Tumor lysis syndrome
2539:Cognitive impairment
2518:alkaloids, taxanes,
2426:conditioning regimen
2382:primordial follicles
1925:(cells that produce
1750:, midline catheter,
1464:Podophyllum peltatum
1373:, formerly known as
1232:thymidylate synthase
684:hyperthermia therapy
302:Treatment strategies
284:rheumatoid arthritis
15157:Antimigraine agents
15147:Antidementia agents
15050:Anti-inflammatories
14740:Medicated dressings
14680:Antihyperlipidemics
14507:Diabetes medication
14137:Denileukin diftitox
13799:(ALK, ROS1, NTRK),
13404:Polatuzumab vedotin
13394:Oportuzumab monatox
12688:Sentinel lymph node
11990:(23): 38022–38043.
11143:2006NYASA1076..628S
10493:1994RSPTB.345..319H
10390:1997Sci...278.1068P
9827:Luqmani YA (2005).
9007:(4): 671–86, ix–x.
8860:10.1093/jnci/djm072
8714:NCI Cancer Bulletin
8683:drug label/data at
7514:(8 Suppl 6): 21–4.
6545:1985PNAS...82.5328S
6171:2006PChRv...5...75C
5830:Catharanthus roseus
5505:10.1248/cpb.36.3933
5457:(4 Suppl 1): S2-4.
5315:The Cancer Handbook
4153:. Wiley-Blackwell.
4151:Cancer chemotherapy
3735:Electrochemotherapy
3729:Electrochemotherapy
3655:brentuximab vedotin
3649:. Two other drugs,
3618:(ADCs) comprise an
3000:and the aggressive
2979:fast-dividing cells
2922:Mechanism of action
2802:cerebrospinal fluid
2794:blood–brain barrier
2755:) and occasionally
2689:acute kidney injury
2207:Nausea and vomiting
2010:is an inhibitor of
2001:Trametes versicolor
1996:medicinal mushrooms
1886:(a decrease of the
1839:fast-dividing cells
1371:Catharanthus roseus
1357:blood vessel growth
1349:mitotic catastrophe
311:
307:Common combination
189:signal transduction
110:(often abbreviated
15010:Immunosuppressants
14880:Antimycobacterials
14836:Antithyroid agents
14820:Mineralocorticoids
14624:Cardiac stimulants
14614:Cardiac glycosides
14606:cardiac therapy /
14502:Anti-obesity drugs
13823:(ROS1, TRK, ALK),
13329:Enfortumab vedotin
12736:Respiratory system
12342:Eur J Cancer Suppl
12314:Eur J Cancer Suppl
11729:Faguet GB (2005).
11395:on 27 October 2019
10964:Multiple Sclerosis
9839:(Suppl 1): 35–48.
8473:Human Reproduction
7285:10.1007/BF02554529
6716:10.1093/cid/cir257
6594:(2 Suppl 5): 3–8.
5961:. pp. 46–51.
5920:. pp. 25–52.
3662:Hodgkin's lymphoma
3593:
3550:(sulfa drugs) and
3443:
3432:
3292:ventilated cabinet
3216:Routes of exposure
3103:along with either
3069:multiple sclerosis
2933:
2886:Targeted therapies
2851:gene amplification
2831:circulatory system
2767:Hand-foot syndrome
2757:secondary neoplasm
2708:Other side-effects
2590:cardiac arrhythmia
2374:Female infertility
2352:secondary neoplasm
2344:secondary neoplasm
2338:Secondary neoplasm
2249:Chemotherapy curls
2244:
2163:blood transfusions
1821:If the cancer has
1718:
1683:chemically reduced
1500:
1468:Himalayan mayapple
1413:. These drugs are
1311:
1127:
1123:chemical structure
917:
828:
801:
774:
733:Performance status
368:Hodgkin's lymphoma
306:
292:multiple sclerosis
202:hormonal therapies
158:, which is called
15460:Cancer treatments
15432:
15431:
15335:Ophthalmologicals
15045:Anabolic steroids
14948:Anticancer agents
14911:Ectoparasiticides
14631:Antihypertensives
14579:Antifibrinolytics
14396:
14395:
14079:
14078:
13487:
13486:
13469:Tisotumab vedotin
12965:
12964:
12952:Cancer and nausea
12831:
12830:
12668:Carcinoma in situ
12472:10.1159/000026986
12454:Issels R (1999).
12219:Annals of Surgery
12162:Annals of Surgery
11748:978-1-4020-3618-7
11733:The War on Cancer
11601:978-1-60795-014-1
11574:978-1-4419-1225-1
11284:978-90-393-4331-9
10834:(Suppl 2): 12–8.
10430:978-0-7817-4689-2
10384:(5340): 1068–73.
9929:10.4161/cbt.29841
9846:10.1159/000086183
9424:978-3-319-74587-9
7917:978-0-387-24291-0
7042:978-0-9645467-5-2
7031:Huang ES (2000).
6986:(10): 1569–1577.
6888:10.1111/dsu.12300
6841:Surgical Oncology
6812:(4): 877–94, xi.
6615:Anti-Cancer Drugs
6498:10.1124/pr.56.2.6
6459:Clinical Pharmacy
6132:10.1021/jm801064y
6087:10.4137/CMO.S5074
6038:"Vinca alkaloids"
5581:10.1021/cr900028p
5498:(10): 3933–3947.
5492:Chem. Pharm. Bull
5100:978-0-521-61816-8
4582:Clinical Oncology
4380:10.1002/ajh.23313
4320:978-0-7817-5628-0
4291:978-0-7817-3629-9
4276:Skeel RT (2003).
4221:978-0-7817-7328-7
4196:978-0-443-07101-0
4160:978-0-470-09254-5
3792:Cancer and nausea
3780:Anti-Cancer Drugs
3628:endothelial cells
3585:mesoporous silica
3467:nitrogen mustards
3445:The first use of
3324:Employee training
3191:
3190:
3167:a manual or guide
3077:immunosuppression
3037:immune checkpoint
3006:Hodgkin's disease
2956:genetic mutations
2809:alkylating agents
2655:immunosuppression
2557:white cell counts
2124:medical emergency
2066:medical emergency
2044:distended abdomen
1880:blood transfusion
1860:white blood cells
1647:DNA intercalation
1569:, merbarone, and
1460:American mayapple
976:nitrogen mustards
958:to DNA via their
920:Alkylating agents
782:body surface area
680:radiation therapy
672:cancer treatments
661:palliate symptoms
653:
652:
605:Pancreatic cancer
580:Colorectal cancer
298:and many others.
282:). These include
268:immunosuppression
132:alkylating agents
122:) is the type of
105:
104:
77:chemotherapy for
47:Anti-Cancer Drugs
16:(Redirected from
15472:
15421:
15400:
15399:
15384:Senotherapeutics
15238:Neuroprotectives
15233:Mood stabilizers
15132:Anti-ADHD agents
15072:Muscle relaxants
15005:Immunostimulants
15000:Immunomodulators
14832:Thyroid hormones
14770:Fertility agents
14673:Renin inhibitors
14564:Antihemorrhagics
14531:forming organs (
14517:Dietary minerals
14423:
14416:
14409:
14400:
14399:
14110:peptide against
13683:(AXL, ALK, LTK))
13499:
13498:
13309:Dinutuximab beta
13025:
13024:
12992:
12985:
12978:
12969:
12968:
12766:Endocrine system
12731:Digestive system
12620:
12619:
12593:
12586:
12579:
12570:
12569:
12527:
12526:
12490:
12484:
12483:
12451:
12445:
12444:
12434:
12424:
12400:
12394:
12393:
12364:
12358:
12357:
12336:
12330:
12329:
12308:
12302:
12301:
12283:
12259:
12253:
12252:
12242:
12210:
12204:
12203:
12193:
12153:
12147:
12146:
12126:
12120:
12119:
12109:
12099:
12075:
12069:
12068:
12032:
12026:
12025:
12015:
11975:
11969:
11968:
11958:
11934:
11925:
11924:
11914:
11890:
11881:
11880:
11870:
11838:
11832:
11831:
11821:
11797:
11788:
11787:
11759:
11753:
11752:
11736:
11726:
11720:
11719:
11683:
11677:
11676:
11648:
11637:
11636:
11612:
11606:
11605:
11585:
11579:
11578:
11558:
11552:
11551:
11514:
11508:
11507:
11501:
11493:
11487:
11486:
11468:
11462:
11461:
11451:
11411:
11405:
11404:
11402:
11400:
11391:. Archived from
11381:
11375:
11374:
11372:
11365:
11357:
11346:
11345:
11335:
11295:
11289:
11288:
11271:
11265:
11264:
11262:
11250:
11241:
11240:
11238:
11236:
11217:
11211:
11210:
11208:
11206:
11197:. Archived from
11186:
11171:
11170:
11126:
11120:
11119:
11109:
11077:
11071:
11070:
11068:
11066:
11060:
11053:
11045:
11039:
11038:
11002:
10996:
10995:
10959:
10950:
10949:
10939:
10907:
10898:
10897:
10869:
10860:
10859:
10822:
10816:
10815:
10805:
10773:
10764:
10763:
10753:
10729:
10720:
10719:
10709:
10676:
10670:
10669:
10633:
10627:
10626:
10608:
10584:
10578:
10577:
10567:
10527:
10521:
10520:
10476:
10470:
10469:
10441:
10435:
10434:
10416:
10410:
10409:
10373:
10367:
10366:
10356:
10324:
10318:
10317:
10299:
10275:
10269:
10268:
10232:
10226:
10225:
10185:
10179:
10178:
10142:
10136:
10135:
10115:
10109:
10108:
10098:
10058:
10052:
10051:
10041:
10031:
10007:
10001:
10000:
9966:
9957:
9951:
9950:
9940:
9908:
9902:
9901:
9865:
9859:
9858:
9848:
9824:
9818:
9817:
9809:
9803:
9802:
9792:
9768:
9762:
9761:
9725:
9719:
9718:
9690:
9684:
9683:
9665:
9641:
9635:
9634:
9624:
9600:
9594:
9593:
9583:
9551:
9545:
9544:
9534:
9502:
9496:
9495:
9485:
9454:Oncology Reviews
9445:
9439:
9438:
9436:
9402:
9396:
9395:
9385:
9353:
9347:
9346:
9336:
9304:
9298:
9297:
9287:
9255:
9249:
9248:
9238:
9206:
9200:
9199:
9189:
9157:
9151:
9150:
9140:
9116:
9110:
9109:
9081:
9075:
9074:
9040:
9031:
9025:
9024:
8996:
8990:
8989:
8953:
8947:
8946:
8945:
8943:
8920:
8914:
8913:
8903:
8879:
8873:
8872:
8862:
8838:
8832:
8831:
8795:
8786:
8785:
8761:
8755:
8754:
8752:
8737:
8728:
8722:
8721:
8705:
8696:
8676:
8670:
8669:
8659:
8635:
8618:
8617:
8607:
8584:In turn citing:
8582:
8546:
8540:
8539:
8529:
8505:
8499:
8498:
8488:
8464:
8458:
8457:
8433:
8427:
8426:
8416:
8406:
8382:
8373:
8372:
8336:
8323:
8322:
8312:
8288:
8282:
8281:
8256:
8250:
8249:
8221:
8215:
8214:
8186:
8180:
8179:
8149:
8143:
8142:
8104:
8098:
8097:
8069:
8063:
8062:
8042:
8036:
8035:
8015:
8009:
8008:
8006:
8004:
7990:
7984:
7983:
7973:
7955:
7931:
7925:
7924:
7895:
7889:
7888:
7887:
7885:
7862:
7856:
7855:
7845:
7813:
7807:
7806:
7778:
7772:
7771:
7753:
7728:
7722:
7721:
7711:
7694:(11): CD010983.
7679:
7673:
7672:
7644:
7638:
7637:
7601:
7595:
7594:
7566:
7560:
7559:
7530:
7524:
7523:
7503:
7497:
7496:
7486:
7462:
7456:
7455:
7445:
7427:
7403:
7397:
7396:
7386:
7354:
7348:
7347:
7311:
7305:
7304:
7268:
7259:
7258:
7246:
7240:
7239:
7203:
7197:
7196:
7194:
7192:
7177:
7171:
7170:
7168:
7166:
7151:
7145:
7144:
7134:
7102:
7091:
7090:
7053:
7047:
7046:
7028:
7022:
7021:
7011:
6971:
6965:
6964:
6954:
6914:
6908:
6907:
6871:
6865:
6864:
6836:
6830:
6829:
6801:
6795:
6794:
6784:
6752:
6746:
6745:
6735:
6710:(9): e162–e193.
6694:
6688:
6687:
6677:
6645:
6639:
6638:
6610:
6604:
6603:
6583:
6577:
6576:
6566:
6556:
6524:
6518:
6517:
6481:
6475:
6474:
6454:
6448:
6447:
6427:
6421:
6420:
6400:
6394:
6393:
6383:
6351:
6345:
6344:
6326:
6302:
6296:
6295:
6285:
6279:
6278:
6258:
6252:
6251:
6215:
6209:
6208:
6198:
6150:
6144:
6143:
6115:
6109:
6108:
6098:
6066:
6060:
6059:
6033:
6027:
6026:
6016:
6006:
5982:
5973:
5972:
5946:
5940:
5939:
5901:
5895:
5894:
5866:
5860:
5859:
5823:
5817:
5816:
5806:
5782:
5771:
5770:
5722:
5716:
5715:
5687:
5681:
5680:
5652:
5646:
5645:
5609:
5603:
5602:
5592:
5569:Chemical Reviews
5560:
5549:
5548:
5546:
5544:
5524:
5518:
5517:
5507:
5483:
5477:
5476:
5466:
5442:
5429:
5428:
5418:
5386:
5375:
5374:
5354:
5337:
5336:
5310:
5301:
5300:
5269:Medical Oncology
5264:
5258:
5257:
5250:
5244:
5243:
5241:
5239:
5234:on 28 April 2014
5224:
5218:
5217:
5215:
5213:
5208:on 28 April 2014
5198:
5192:
5191:
5154:
5148:
5147:
5111:
5105:
5104:
5086:
5080:
5079:
5046:(6): 1019–1038.
5031:
5025:
5024:
4996:
4985:
4984:
4974:
4942:
4936:
4935:
4906:
4887:
4886:
4857:
4851:
4850:
4832:
4823:(13): 2099–105.
4808:
4783:
4782:
4772:
4748:
4739:
4738:
4728:
4704:
4695:
4694:
4684:
4652:
4643:
4642:
4622:
4616:
4615:
4605:
4577:
4566:
4565:
4537:
4526:
4525:
4505:
4499:
4498:
4488:
4471:(9715): 673–85.
4456:
4450:
4449:
4439:
4407:
4401:
4400:
4382:
4358:
4352:
4351:
4331:
4325:
4324:
4312:
4302:
4296:
4295:
4283:
4273:
4267:
4266:
4256:
4232:
4226:
4225:
4207:
4201:
4200:
4182:
4165:
4164:
4146:
4119:
4118:
4108:
4076:
4065:
4064:
4044:
4027:
4026:
4016:
3982:
3976:
3975:
3957:
3933:
3927:
3926:
3916:
3906:
3882:
3702:receptor ligands
3455:chemical warfare
3395:Available agents
3381:cyclophosphamide
3186:
3183:
3177:
3165:is written like
3158:
3157:
3150:
3117:cyclophosphamide
3089:Cyclophosphamide
3029:cyclophosphamide
2726:sexual impotence
2633:cyclophosphamide
2437:Chemotherapy is
2393:cryopreservation
2348:childhood cancer
2322:alopecia totalis
2307:cyclophosphamide
2276:
2259:
2197:Aerobic exercise
2159:iron supplements
2058:and tenderness.
1919:myelosuppression
1876:thrombocytopenia
1760:implantable port
1685:and reacts with
1514:topoisomerase II
1435:Taxus brevifolia
1383:natural products
1219:tetrahydrofolate
1146:, a sugar and a
1136:Anti-metabolites
1092:phosphate groups
1000:cyclophosphamide
849:
838:
558:Cyclophosphamide
440:Cyclophosphamide
381:cyclophosphamide
358:cyclophosphamide
332:Cyclophosphamide
312:
305:
264:myelosuppression
220:systemic therapy
212:targeted therapy
161:medical oncology
134:) in a standard
124:cancer treatment
98:edit on Wikidata
71:
59:
58:
21:
18:Anticancer drugs
15480:
15479:
15475:
15474:
15473:
15471:
15470:
15469:
15435:
15434:
15433:
15428:
15424:Medicine portal
15388:
15344:
15316:
15311:
15303:Cough medicines
15298:Bronchodilators
15279:
15272:
15152:Antidepressants
15142:Anticonvulsants
15090:
15081:
15077:Bisphosphonates
15067:Corticosteroids
15029:
15016:
14988:
14979:
14963:Spindle poisons
14953:Antimetabolites
14936:
14927:
14849:
14840:
14815:Glucocorticoids
14810:Corticosteroids
14791:
14784:
14751:
14744:
14701:
14619:Antiarrhythmics
14592:
14585:
14542:Antithrombotics
14530:
14521:
14497:Antipropulsives
14493:Antidiarrhoeals
14470:
14441:
14433:
14427:
14397:
14392:
14246:Pi3K inhibitors
14144:mTOR inhibitors
14075:
13856:
13827:(VEGFR, FGFR),
13483:
13247:
13128:
13088:
13010:
12996:
12966:
12961:
12920:
12873:
12827:
12806:
12770:
12692:
12651:
12611:
12597:
12536:
12531:
12530:
12491:
12487:
12452:
12448:
12401:
12397:
12365:
12361:
12337:
12333:
12309:
12305:
12260:
12256:
12211:
12207:
12154:
12150:
12127:
12123:
12076:
12072:
12033:
12029:
11976:
11972:
11949:(20): 6389–97.
11935:
11928:
11912:10.18433/J30C7D
11891:
11884:
11839:
11835:
11812:(21): 8643–53.
11806:Cancer Research
11798:
11791:
11760:
11756:
11749:
11727:
11723:
11700:10.1038/nrc1529
11684:
11680:
11649:
11640:
11613:
11609:
11602:
11586:
11582:
11575:
11559:
11555:
11515:
11511:
11499:
11495:
11494:
11490:
11483:
11469:
11465:
11412:
11408:
11398:
11396:
11383:
11382:
11378:
11370:
11363:
11359:
11358:
11349:
11296:
11292:
11285:
11273:
11272:
11268:
11252:
11251:
11244:
11234:
11232:
11219:
11218:
11214:
11204:
11202:
11201:on 25 June 2021
11187:
11174:
11127:
11123:
11092:(12): 1628–33.
11078:
11074:
11064:
11062:
11061:on 25 June 2021
11058:
11051:
11047:
11046:
11042:
11003:
10999:
10960:
10953:
10922:(2): CD003208.
10908:
10901:
10880:(2): CD004524.
10870:
10863:
10823:
10819:
10774:
10767:
10730:
10723:
10677:
10673:
10634:
10630:
10606:10.1038/nri2216
10585:
10581:
10528:
10524:
10477:
10473:
10442:
10438:
10431:
10417:
10413:
10374:
10370:
10325:
10321:
10276:
10272:
10249:10.1038/nrc2559
10233:
10229:
10186:
10182:
10143:
10139:
10116:
10112:
10079:10.1038/nrc3237
10059:
10055:
10008:
10004:
9964:
9958:
9954:
9923:(10): 1367–77.
9909:
9905:
9876:(12): 1405–17.
9866:
9862:
9825:
9821:
9810:
9806:
9769:
9765:
9742:10.1038/nrc1893
9726:
9722:
9701:(16): 2306–12.
9691:
9687:
9642:
9638:
9601:
9597:
9566:(17): 1616–25.
9552:
9548:
9517:(8): CD003298.
9503:
9499:
9446:
9442:
9425:
9403:
9399:
9368:(5): CD009219.
9354:
9350:
9319:(8): CD010181.
9305:
9301:
9270:(1): CD010885.
9256:
9252:
9207:
9203:
9172:(19): 2408–17.
9158:
9154:
9117:
9113:
9082:
9078:
9038:
9032:
9028:
8997:
8993:
8954:
8950:
8941:
8939:
8921:
8917:
8880:
8876:
8839:
8835:
8796:
8789:
8762:
8758:
8750:
8735:
8729:
8725:
8706:
8699:
8677:
8673:
8636:
8621:
8583:
8547:
8543:
8506:
8502:
8465:
8461:
8434:
8430:
8383:
8376:
8341:Acta Oncologica
8337:
8326:
8303:(11): 1207–15.
8289:
8285:
8270:
8258:
8257:
8253:
8222:
8218:
8187:
8183:
8150:
8146:
8105:
8101:
8070:
8066:
8043:
8039:
8016:
8012:
8002:
8000:
7992:
7991:
7987:
7932:
7928:
7918:
7896:
7892:
7883:
7881:
7863:
7859:
7828:(9): CD006145.
7814:
7810:
7779:
7775:
7729:
7725:
7680:
7676:
7655:(5): CD004269.
7645:
7641:
7602:
7598:
7567:
7563:
7531:
7527:
7504:
7500:
7477:(19): 1616–34.
7463:
7459:
7404:
7400:
7369:(8): CD008831.
7355:
7351:
7312:
7308:
7269:
7262:
7247:
7243:
7204:
7200:
7190:
7188:
7178:
7174:
7164:
7162:
7161:on 25 June 2010
7153:
7152:
7148:
7117:(1): CD004386.
7103:
7094:
7065:(8): 993–1006.
7054:
7050:
7043:
7029:
7025:
6972:
6968:
6929:(4): CD005339.
6915:
6911:
6872:
6868:
6837:
6833:
6802:
6798:
6753:
6749:
6695:
6691:
6646:
6642:
6611:
6607:
6584:
6580:
6539:(16): 5328–31.
6525:
6521:
6482:
6478:
6455:
6451:
6444:
6428:
6424:
6417:
6401:
6397:
6372:10.1038/nrc2607
6352:
6348:
6303:
6299:
6286:
6282:
6259:
6255:
6216:
6212:
6151:
6147:
6116:
6112:
6067:
6063:
6056:
6034:
6030:
5997:(5): 5893–914.
5983:
5976:
5969:
5947:
5943:
5936:
5902:
5898:
5867:
5863:
5856:
5842:Springer-Verlag
5824:
5820:
5797:(11): 1037–43.
5783:
5774:
5743:10.1038/nrm3115
5723:
5719:
5688:
5684:
5653:
5649:
5610:
5606:
5561:
5552:
5542:
5540:
5525:
5521:
5484:
5480:
5464:10.4161/cbt.199
5443:
5432:
5401:(1–3): 165–73.
5387:
5378:
5355:
5340:
5333:
5311:
5304:
5265:
5261:
5252:
5251:
5247:
5237:
5235:
5226:
5225:
5221:
5211:
5209:
5200:
5199:
5195:
5160:Ther Drug Monit
5155:
5151:
5112:
5108:
5101:
5087:
5083:
5032:
5028:
4997:
4988:
4943:
4939:
4907:
4890:
4858:
4854:
4809:
4786:
4749:
4742:
4705:
4698:
4667:(8): 1297–302.
4653:
4646:
4627:Cancer Research
4623:
4619:
4578:
4569:
4548:(13): 1677–84.
4538:
4529:
4506:
4502:
4457:
4453:
4408:
4404:
4359:
4355:
4332:
4328:
4321:
4303:
4299:
4292:
4274:
4270:
4247:(15): 5337–41.
4233:
4229:
4222:
4208:
4204:
4197:
4183:
4168:
4161:
4147:
4122:
4091:(8): CD004064.
4077:
4068:
4045:
4030:
3992:Cell Metabolism
3983:
3979:
3934:
3930:
3883:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3774:
3766:
3750:
3737:
3731:
3674:
3613:
3604:
3599:
3574:
3565:pharmacotherapy
3507:
3421:
3415:
3403:
3397:
3353:
3344:
3335:
3326:
3313:
3288:
3272:
3251:
3218:
3199:hazardous drugs
3187:
3181:
3178:
3171:
3159:
3155:
3148:
3093:lupus nephritis
3075:, which causes
3045:
3019:Cells from the
2924:
2883:
2839:
2782:
2722:water retention
2710:
2704:
2651:viral hepatitis
2598:
2553:
2541:
2500:
2494:
2447:first trimester
2435:
2360:
2340:
2326:alopecia areata
2284:
2283:
2282:
2281:
2280:
2277:
2268:
2267:
2266:
2260:
2251:
2250:
2236:
2215:
2209:
2132:
2083:
2020:
1931:red blood cells
1917:In very severe
1864:red blood cells
1848:
1835:
1833:Adverse effects
1805:micrometastases
1799:(often used in
1704:Two girls with
1698:
1579:
1510:topoisomerase I
1506:
1492:
1452:Podophyllotoxin
1300:
1180:chemical groups
1148:phosphate group
1133:
1104:
1102:Antimetabolites
996:mechlorethamine
928:
922:
908:
857:
856:
855:
854:
853:
850:
841:
840:
839:
765:
745:
737:fractional kill
714:micrometastases
462:Germ cell tumor
304:
256:digestive tract
152:pharmacotherapy
144:reduce symptoms
101:
90:chemo, CTX, CTx
82:
55:
42:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
15478:
15468:
15467:
15462:
15457:
15452:
15447:
15430:
15429:
15427:
15426:
15415:
15410:
15405:
15393:
15390:
15389:
15387:
15386:
15381:
15376:
15371:
15369:Contrast media
15366:
15360:
15358:
15346:
15345:
15343:
15342:
15337:
15331:
15329:
15322:sensory organs
15318:
15317:
15315:
15314:
15309:
15305:
15300:
15295:
15289:
15287:
15274:
15273:
15271:
15270:
15265:
15260:
15255:
15250:
15245:
15240:
15235:
15230:
15221:
15220:
15219:
15214:
15209:
15199:
15194:
15189:
15184:
15179:
15174:
15169:
15167:Antipsychotics
15164:
15159:
15154:
15149:
15144:
15139:
15137:Antiaddictives
15134:
15129:
15124:
15123:
15122:
15117:
15107:
15101:
15099:
15092:nervous system
15083:
15082:
15080:
15079:
15074:
15069:
15064:
15062:Antirheumatics
15059:
15058:
15057:
15047:
15041:
15039:
15018:
15017:
15015:
15014:
15013:
15012:
15007:
14996:
14994:
14981:
14980:
14978:
14977:
14976:
14975:
14970:
14968:Antineoplastic
14965:
14960:
14955:
14944:
14942:
14929:
14928:
14926:
14925:
14920:
14915:
14914:
14913:
14908:
14903:
14901:Antiprotozoals
14896:Antiparasitics
14893:
14888:
14883:
14876:Antibacterials
14872:Antimicrobials
14868:
14866:
14842:
14841:
14839:
14838:
14829:
14824:
14823:
14822:
14817:
14807:
14801:
14799:
14786:
14785:
14783:
14782:
14777:
14772:
14767:
14761:
14759:
14746:
14745:
14743:
14742:
14737:
14735:Antipsoriatics
14732:
14727:
14722:
14716:
14714:
14703:
14702:
14700:
14699:
14698:
14697:
14692:
14687:
14677:
14676:
14675:
14670:
14665:
14663:ACE inhibitors
14653:
14648:
14643:
14638:
14633:
14628:
14627:
14626:
14621:
14616:
14602:
14600:
14591:cardiovascular
14587:
14586:
14584:
14583:
14582:
14581:
14576:
14571:
14561:
14560:
14559:
14554:
14552:Anticoagulants
14549:
14538:
14536:
14523:
14522:
14520:
14519:
14514:
14509:
14504:
14499:
14490:
14485:
14480:
14479:
14478:
14473:
14468:
14464:
14453:
14451:
14435:
14434:
14426:
14425:
14418:
14411:
14403:
14394:
14393:
14391:
14390:
14385:
14380:
14375:
14370:
14365:
14360:
14355:
14350:
14345:
14340:
14335:
14330:
14325:
14320:
14315:
14310:
14305:
14300:
14295:
14290:
14285:
14280:
14275:
14274:
14273:
14268:
14263:
14258:
14253:
14243:
14242:
14241:
14236:
14223:
14222:
14221:
14216:
14211:
14206:
14201:
14193:CDK inhibitors
14189:
14188:
14187:
14182:
14177:
14164:
14163:
14162:
14157:
14152:
14140:
14124:
14104:
14092:fusion protein
14087:
14085:
14081:
14080:
14077:
14076:
14074:
14073:
14072:
14071:
14066:
14061:
14056:
14051:
14038:
14037:
14036:
14035:
14030:
14025:
14008:
14007:
14006:
14005:
14000:
13995:
13990:
13977:
13976:
13975:
13974:
13969:
13964:
13959:
13954:
13949:
13944:
13931:
13930:
13924:
13912:
13911:
13910:
13909:
13904:
13899:
13894:
13889:
13884:
13879:
13866:
13864:
13858:
13857:
13855:
13854:
13833:
13832:
13831:(VEGFR, EGFR).
13787:
13786:
13785:
13784:
13779:
13774:
13761:
13760:
13759:
13758:
13753:
13748:
13743:
13738:
13733:
13728:
13723:
13718:
13713:
13708:
13703:
13698:
13685:
13684:
13668:
13662:
13657:
13652:
13647:
13642:
13637:
13632:
13612:
13611:
13610:
13609:
13604:
13599:
13589:HER1/EGFR and
13585:
13584:
13578:
13573:
13568:
13563:
13558:
13553:
13548:
13543:
13538:
13533:
13528:
13523:
13507:
13505:
13496:
13489:
13488:
13485:
13484:
13482:
13481:
13476:
13471:
13466:
13461:
13456:
13451:
13446:
13441:
13436:
13431:
13426:
13421:
13416:
13411:
13406:
13401:
13396:
13391:
13386:
13381:
13376:
13371:
13366:
13361:
13356:
13351:
13346:
13341:
13336:
13331:
13326:
13321:
13316:
13311:
13306:
13301:
13296:
13291:
13286:
13281:
13276:
13271:
13268:+hyaluronidase
13261:
13255:
13253:
13249:
13248:
13246:
13245:
13228:
13227:
13201:
13196:
13191:
13186:
13181:
13176:
13142:
13140:
13130:
13129:
13127:
13126:
13114:
13108:
13096:
13094:
13090:
13089:
13087:
13086:
13080:
13075:
13072:+hyaluronidase
13055:
13049:
13033:
13031:
13022:
13012:
13011:
12995:
12994:
12987:
12980:
12972:
12963:
12962:
12960:
12959:
12954:
12949:
12944:
12939:
12934:
12928:
12926:
12922:
12921:
12919:
12918:
12913:
12908:
12903:
12894:
12889:
12883:
12881:
12879:Carcinogenesis
12875:
12874:
12872:
12871:
12866:
12861:
12856:
12851:
12845:
12843:
12833:
12832:
12829:
12828:
12826:
12825:
12820:
12814:
12812:
12808:
12807:
12805:
12804:
12799:
12794:
12789:
12784:
12778:
12776:
12772:
12771:
12769:
12768:
12763:
12761:Nervous system
12758:
12753:
12748:
12743:
12738:
12733:
12728:
12727:
12726:
12724:nasopharyngeal
12721:
12716:
12711:
12700:
12698:
12694:
12693:
12691:
12690:
12685:
12680:
12675:
12670:
12665:
12659:
12657:
12653:
12652:
12650:
12649:
12644:
12639:
12634:
12628:
12626:
12617:
12613:
12612:
12596:
12595:
12588:
12581:
12573:
12567:
12566:
12560:
12555:
12546:
12535:
12534:External links
12532:
12529:
12528:
12485:
12466:(5): 374–381.
12446:
12395:
12370:Cancer Letters
12359:
12331:
12303:
12254:
12205:
12168:(3): 469–479.
12148:
12121:
12070:
12027:
11970:
11926:
11882:
11833:
11789:
11754:
11747:
11721:
11678:
11638:
11607:
11600:
11580:
11573:
11553:
11526:(7): 485–493.
11509:
11488:
11481:
11463:
11426:(3): 180–190.
11406:
11376:
11347:
11310:(9): 901–910.
11290:
11283:
11266:
11242:
11212:
11172:
11121:
11072:
11040:
10997:
10951:
10899:
10861:
10817:
10765:
10721:
10671:
10628:
10579:
10542:(3): 479–485.
10522:
10471:
10436:
10429:
10411:
10368:
10319:
10270:
10227:
10180:
10159:10.1038/nrc903
10153:(10): 750–63.
10137:
10110:
10073:(4): 237–251.
10053:
10002:
9952:
9903:
9860:
9819:
9804:
9763:
9720:
9685:
9650:The Oncologist
9636:
9615:(6): 1663–74.
9595:
9546:
9497:
9440:
9423:
9397:
9348:
9299:
9250:
9201:
9152:
9111:
9076:
9043:The Oncologist
9026:
8991:
8948:
8915:
8894:(11): 2233–9.
8874:
8853:(14): 1070–1.
8833:
8787:
8756:
8723:
8697:
8671:
8650:(4): 394–403.
8619:
8598:(7): 3045–52.
8541:
8500:
8459:
8428:
8374:
8324:
8283:
8268:
8251:
8216:
8181:
8144:
8099:
8064:
8037:
8010:
7985:
7926:
7916:
7890:
7857:
7808:
7773:
7723:
7674:
7639:
7596:
7561:
7525:
7498:
7457:
7398:
7349:
7322:(9): 890–900.
7306:
7260:
7241:
7198:
7172:
7146:
7092:
7048:
7041:
7023:
6966:
6909:
6882:(9): 1306–16.
6866:
6847:(1–2): 59–63.
6831:
6796:
6761:The Oncologist
6747:
6689:
6654:The Oncologist
6640:
6605:
6578:
6519:
6492:(2): 185–229.
6476:
6449:
6442:
6422:
6415:
6395:
6346:
6297:
6280:
6253:
6210:
6145:
6110:
6061:
6054:
6028:
5974:
5967:
5941:
5934:
5896:
5861:
5854:
5818:
5772:
5737:(6): 385–392.
5717:
5682:
5647:
5604:
5575:(7): 2880–93.
5550:
5539:on 15 May 2009
5519:
5478:
5430:
5395:Cytotechnology
5376:
5338:
5332:978-0470025062
5331:
5302:
5259:
5245:
5219:
5193:
5149:
5106:
5099:
5081:
5026:
4986:
4957:(3): 296–302.
4951:The Oncologist
4937:
4888:
4852:
4784:
4763:(24): 1883–8.
4740:
4719:(31): 3896–7.
4696:
4644:
4617:
4567:
4527:
4500:
4451:
4402:
4373:(10): 988–95.
4353:
4326:
4319:
4297:
4290:
4268:
4227:
4220:
4202:
4195:
4166:
4159:
4120:
4066:
4028:
3999:(3): 529–547.
3977:
3928:
3873:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3765:
3762:
3749:
3746:
3733:Main article:
3730:
3727:
3673:
3670:
3612:
3609:
3603:
3600:
3595:Main article:
3573:
3570:
3506:
3500:
3453:was used as a
3439:Jane C. Wright
3417:Main article:
3414:
3411:
3399:Main article:
3396:
3393:
3389:5-fluorouracil
3362:urine dipstick
3352:
3349:
3343:
3340:
3334:
3331:
3325:
3322:
3312:
3311:Administration
3309:
3287:
3284:
3271:
3268:
3250:
3247:
3217:
3214:
3189:
3188:
3162:
3160:
3153:
3147:
3144:
3113:AL amyloidosis
3081:cyclooxygenase
3044:
3041:
2923:
2920:
2916:small molecule
2908:fusion protein
2882:
2879:
2847:p-glycoprotein
2838:
2835:
2787:stage 4 cancer
2781:
2778:
2734:pseudoallergic
2709:
2706:
2677:Nephrotoxicity
2671:liver fibrosis
2647:Hepatotoxicity
2601:Cardiotoxicity
2597:
2594:
2552:
2549:
2540:
2537:
2493:
2490:
2434:
2433:Teratogenicity
2431:
2359:
2356:
2339:
2336:
2278:
2271:
2270:
2269:
2261:
2254:
2253:
2252:
2248:
2247:
2246:
2245:
2235:
2232:
2208:
2205:
2155:erythropoietin
2131:
2128:
2082:
2079:
2056:abdominal pain
2019:
2016:
1968:Herpes simplex
1847:
1844:
1834:
1831:
1812:5-fluorouracil
1697:
1694:
1667:isolated from
1591:anthracyclines
1581:The cytotoxic
1578:
1575:
1502:Main article:
1491:
1488:
1381:alkaloids are
1299:
1296:
1292:mercaptopurine
1131:Antimetabolite
1129:Main article:
1103:
1100:
1076:covalent bonds
1040:streptozotocin
924:Main article:
921:
918:
907:
904:
851:
844:
843:
842:
833:
832:
831:
830:
829:
764:
761:
744:
741:
725:
724:
720:
717:
706:
700:
693:
690:
687:
668:
651:
650:
647:
626:
620:
619:
616:
614:5-fluorouracil
607:
601:
600:
595:
585:5-fluorouracil
582:
576:
575:
572:
555:
549:
548:
545:
528:
526:Bladder cancer
522:
521:
518:
504:
503:
500:
498:5-fluorouracil
487:
485:Stomach cancer
481:
480:
477:
464:
458:
457:
454:
437:
431:
430:
427:
409:
408:
405:
387:
386:
383:
370:
364:
363:
360:
350:
349:
346:
340:5-fluorouracil
329:
323:
322:
319:
316:
303:
300:
260:hair follicles
103:
102:
95:
92:
91:
88:
84:
83:
72:
64:
63:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
15477:
15466:
15463:
15461:
15458:
15456:
15453:
15451:
15448:
15446:
15443:
15442:
15440:
15425:
15420:
15416:
15414:
15411:
15409:
15406:
15404:
15395:
15394:
15391:
15385:
15382:
15380:
15377:
15375:
15372:
15370:
15367:
15365:
15362:
15361:
15359:
15356:
15352:
15347:
15341:
15338:
15336:
15333:
15332:
15330:
15327:
15323:
15319:
15313:
15306:
15304:
15301:
15299:
15296:
15294:
15293:Decongestants
15291:
15290:
15288:
15285:
15281:
15275:
15269:
15266:
15264:
15261:
15259:
15256:
15254:
15251:
15249:
15246:
15244:
15241:
15239:
15236:
15234:
15231:
15229:
15225:
15222:
15218:
15215:
15213:
15212:Dissociatives
15210:
15208:
15205:
15204:
15203:
15202:Hallucinogens
15200:
15198:
15195:
15193:
15190:
15188:
15185:
15183:
15180:
15178:
15175:
15173:
15170:
15168:
15165:
15163:
15160:
15158:
15155:
15153:
15150:
15148:
15145:
15143:
15140:
15138:
15135:
15133:
15130:
15128:
15125:
15121:
15118:
15116:
15113:
15112:
15111:
15108:
15106:
15103:
15102:
15100:
15097:
15093:
15088:
15084:
15078:
15075:
15073:
15070:
15068:
15065:
15063:
15060:
15056:
15053:
15052:
15051:
15048:
15046:
15043:
15042:
15040:
15037:
15033:
15027:
15023:
15019:
15011:
15008:
15006:
15003:
15002:
15001:
14998:
14997:
14995:
14992:
14986:
14982:
14974:
14971:
14969:
14966:
14964:
14961:
14959:
14956:
14954:
14951:
14950:
14949:
14946:
14945:
14943:
14940:
14934:
14930:
14924:
14921:
14919:
14916:
14912:
14909:
14907:
14906:Anthelmintics
14904:
14902:
14899:
14898:
14897:
14894:
14892:
14889:
14887:
14884:
14881:
14877:
14873:
14870:
14869:
14867:
14864:
14860:
14856:
14852:
14847:
14843:
14837:
14833:
14830:
14828:
14825:
14821:
14818:
14816:
14813:
14812:
14811:
14808:
14806:
14803:
14802:
14800:
14797:
14793:
14787:
14781:
14778:
14776:
14773:
14771:
14768:
14766:
14763:
14762:
14760:
14757:
14753:
14750:genitourinary
14747:
14741:
14738:
14736:
14733:
14731:
14730:Antipruritics
14728:
14726:
14723:
14721:
14718:
14717:
14715:
14712:
14708:
14704:
14696:
14693:
14691:
14688:
14686:
14683:
14682:
14681:
14678:
14674:
14671:
14669:
14666:
14664:
14661:
14660:
14659:
14658:
14654:
14652:
14649:
14647:
14646:Beta blockers
14644:
14642:
14639:
14637:
14634:
14632:
14629:
14625:
14622:
14620:
14617:
14615:
14612:
14611:
14610:
14609:
14604:
14603:
14601:
14598:
14594:
14588:
14580:
14577:
14575:
14572:
14570:
14567:
14566:
14565:
14562:
14558:
14555:
14553:
14550:
14548:
14547:Antiplatelets
14545:
14544:
14543:
14540:
14539:
14537:
14534:
14528:
14524:
14518:
14515:
14513:
14510:
14508:
14505:
14503:
14500:
14498:
14494:
14491:
14489:
14486:
14484:
14481:
14477:
14474:
14472:
14465:
14463:
14460:
14459:
14458:
14455:
14454:
14452:
14449:
14445:
14440:
14436:
14432:
14424:
14419:
14417:
14412:
14410:
14405:
14404:
14401:
14389:
14386:
14384:
14381:
14379:
14376:
14374:
14371:
14369:
14366:
14364:
14361:
14359:
14356:
14354:
14351:
14349:
14346:
14344:
14341:
14339:
14336:
14334:
14331:
14329:
14326:
14324:
14321:
14319:
14316:
14314:
14311:
14309:
14306:
14304:
14303:Larotrectinib
14301:
14299:
14296:
14294:
14291:
14289:
14286:
14284:
14281:
14279:
14276:
14272:
14269:
14267:
14264:
14262:
14259:
14257:
14254:
14252:
14249:
14248:
14247:
14244:
14240:
14237:
14235:
14232:
14231:
14230:
14228:
14224:
14220:
14217:
14215:
14212:
14210:
14207:
14205:
14202:
14200:
14197:
14196:
14195:
14194:
14190:
14186:
14183:
14181:
14178:
14176:
14173:
14172:
14171:
14169:
14165:
14161:
14158:
14156:
14155:Ridaforolimus
14153:
14151:
14148:
14147:
14146:
14145:
14141:
14138:
14134:
14133:
14129:
14125:
14122:
14118:
14117:
14113:
14109:
14105:
14102:
14098:
14097:
14093:
14089:
14088:
14086:
14082:
14070:
14067:
14065:
14064:Pirtobrutinib
14062:
14060:
14059:Orelabrutinib
14057:
14055:
14052:
14050:
14049:Acalabrutinib
14047:
14046:
14045:
14044:
14040:
14039:
14034:
14031:
14029:
14026:
14024:
14021:
14020:
14019:
14018:
14014:
14010:
14009:
14004:
14001:
13999:
13996:
13994:
13991:
13989:
13986:
13985:
13984:
13983:
13979:
13978:
13973:
13970:
13968:
13965:
13963:
13960:
13958:
13955:
13953:
13950:
13948:
13945:
13943:
13940:
13939:
13938:
13937:
13933:
13932:
13928:
13925:
13923:
13919:
13918:
13914:
13913:
13908:
13905:
13903:
13900:
13898:
13895:
13893:
13890:
13888:
13885:
13883:
13880:
13878:
13875:
13874:
13873:
13872:
13868:
13867:
13865:
13863:
13859:
13852:
13848:
13844:
13841:
13839:
13835:
13834:
13830:
13826:
13825:Selpercatinib
13822:
13821:Repotrectinib
13818:
13814:
13810:
13809:Larotrectinib
13806:
13802:
13798:
13795:
13793:
13789:
13788:
13783:
13780:
13778:
13775:
13773:
13770:
13769:
13768:
13767:
13763:
13762:
13757:
13754:
13752:
13749:
13747:
13744:
13742:
13739:
13737:
13734:
13732:
13729:
13727:
13724:
13722:
13719:
13717:
13714:
13712:
13709:
13707:
13704:
13702:
13699:
13697:
13694:
13693:
13692:
13691:
13687:
13686:
13682:
13678:
13674:
13673:
13669:
13666:
13663:
13661:
13658:
13656:
13653:
13651:
13648:
13646:
13643:
13641:
13638:
13636:
13633:
13631:
13627:
13626:
13622:
13617:
13616:RTK class III
13614:
13613:
13608:
13605:
13603:
13600:
13598:
13595:
13594:
13593:
13592:
13587:
13586:
13582:
13579:
13577:
13574:
13572:
13569:
13567:
13564:
13562:
13559:
13557:
13554:
13552:
13549:
13547:
13544:
13542:
13539:
13537:
13534:
13532:
13529:
13527:
13524:
13522:
13518:
13517:
13512:
13509:
13508:
13506:
13504:
13500:
13497:
13494:
13490:
13480:
13477:
13475:
13472:
13470:
13467:
13465:
13462:
13460:
13457:
13455:
13452:
13450:
13447:
13445:
13442:
13440:
13437:
13435:
13432:
13430:
13427:
13425:
13422:
13420:
13417:
13415:
13412:
13410:
13407:
13405:
13402:
13400:
13399:Pembrolizumab
13397:
13395:
13392:
13390:
13387:
13385:
13382:
13380:
13377:
13375:
13372:
13370:
13367:
13365:
13364:Mogamulizumab
13362:
13360:
13357:
13355:
13352:
13350:
13347:
13345:
13342:
13340:
13337:
13335:
13332:
13330:
13327:
13325:
13322:
13320:
13317:
13315:
13312:
13310:
13307:
13305:
13302:
13300:
13297:
13295:
13292:
13290:
13287:
13285:
13282:
13280:
13277:
13275:
13272:
13269:
13265:
13262:
13260:
13257:
13256:
13254:
13250:
13243:
13239:
13238:
13233:
13230:
13229:
13225:
13221:
13220:
13215:
13211:
13210:
13205:
13202:
13200:
13197:
13195:
13192:
13190:
13187:
13185:
13184:Mosunetuzumab
13182:
13180:
13177:
13175:
13171:
13170:
13165:
13164:Mosunetuzumab
13161:
13157:
13153:
13152:
13147:
13144:
13143:
13141:
13139:
13135:
13131:
13124:
13120:
13119:
13115:
13112:
13109:
13107:
13103:
13102:
13098:
13097:
13095:
13091:
13084:
13081:
13079:
13076:
13073:
13069:
13065:
13061:
13060:
13056:
13053:
13050:
13048:
13044:
13043:
13038:
13035:
13034:
13032:
13030:
13026:
13023:
13020:
13017:
13013:
13008:
13004:
13000:
12993:
12988:
12986:
12981:
12979:
12974:
12973:
12970:
12958:
12955:
12953:
12950:
12948:
12945:
12943:
12940:
12938:
12935:
12933:
12930:
12929:
12927:
12923:
12917:
12914:
12912:
12909:
12907:
12904:
12902:
12898:
12895:
12893:
12890:
12888:
12885:
12884:
12882:
12880:
12876:
12870:
12867:
12865:
12862:
12860:
12857:
12855:
12852:
12850:
12847:
12846:
12844:
12842:
12838:
12834:
12824:
12821:
12819:
12816:
12815:
12813:
12809:
12803:
12800:
12798:
12795:
12793:
12790:
12788:
12785:
12783:
12780:
12779:
12777:
12773:
12767:
12764:
12762:
12759:
12757:
12754:
12752:
12749:
12747:
12744:
12742:
12739:
12737:
12734:
12732:
12729:
12725:
12722:
12720:
12717:
12715:
12714:oropharyngeal
12712:
12710:
12707:
12706:
12705:
12704:Head and neck
12702:
12701:
12699:
12695:
12689:
12686:
12684:
12683:Primary tumor
12681:
12679:
12676:
12674:
12671:
12669:
12666:
12664:
12661:
12660:
12658:
12654:
12648:
12645:
12643:
12640:
12638:
12635:
12633:
12630:
12629:
12627:
12625:
12624:Benign tumors
12621:
12618:
12614:
12610:
12606:
12602:
12594:
12589:
12587:
12582:
12580:
12575:
12574:
12571:
12565:
12561:
12559:
12556:
12554:
12550:
12547:
12545:
12541:
12538:
12537:
12524:
12520:
12516:
12512:
12508:
12504:
12500:
12496:
12489:
12481:
12477:
12473:
12469:
12465:
12461:
12457:
12450:
12442:
12438:
12433:
12428:
12423:
12418:
12414:
12410:
12406:
12399:
12391:
12387:
12383:
12379:
12376:(2): 300–10.
12375:
12371:
12363:
12355:
12351:
12348:(11): 14–25.
12347:
12343:
12335:
12327:
12323:
12319:
12315:
12307:
12299:
12295:
12291:
12287:
12282:
12277:
12274:(6): 651–61.
12273:
12269:
12265:
12258:
12250:
12246:
12241:
12236:
12232:
12228:
12225:(3): 469–79.
12224:
12220:
12216:
12209:
12201:
12197:
12192:
12187:
12183:
12179:
12175:
12171:
12167:
12163:
12159:
12152:
12144:
12140:
12137:(5): 822–45.
12136:
12132:
12125:
12117:
12113:
12108:
12103:
12098:
12093:
12089:
12085:
12081:
12074:
12066:
12062:
12058:
12054:
12050:
12046:
12042:
12038:
12031:
12023:
12019:
12014:
12009:
12005:
12001:
11997:
11993:
11989:
11985:
11981:
11974:
11966:
11962:
11957:
11952:
11948:
11944:
11940:
11933:
11931:
11922:
11918:
11913:
11908:
11904:
11900:
11896:
11889:
11887:
11878:
11874:
11869:
11864:
11860:
11856:
11853:(4): 525–42.
11852:
11848:
11844:
11837:
11829:
11825:
11820:
11815:
11811:
11807:
11803:
11796:
11794:
11785:
11781:
11777:
11773:
11769:
11765:
11758:
11750:
11744:
11740:
11735:
11734:
11725:
11717:
11713:
11709:
11705:
11701:
11697:
11693:
11689:
11682:
11674:
11670:
11666:
11662:
11658:
11654:
11647:
11645:
11643:
11634:
11630:
11626:
11622:
11618:
11611:
11603:
11597:
11593:
11592:
11584:
11576:
11570:
11566:
11565:
11557:
11549:
11545:
11541:
11537:
11533:
11529:
11525:
11521:
11513:
11505:
11498:
11492:
11484:
11482:9781315894430
11478:
11475:. CRC Press.
11474:
11467:
11459:
11455:
11450:
11445:
11441:
11437:
11433:
11429:
11425:
11421:
11417:
11410:
11394:
11390:
11386:
11380:
11369:
11362:
11356:
11354:
11352:
11343:
11339:
11334:
11329:
11325:
11321:
11317:
11313:
11309:
11305:
11301:
11294:
11286:
11280:
11276:
11270:
11261:
11256:
11249:
11247:
11230:
11226:
11222:
11216:
11200:
11196:
11192:
11185:
11183:
11181:
11179:
11177:
11168:
11164:
11160:
11156:
11152:
11148:
11144:
11140:
11137:(1): 628–34.
11136:
11132:
11125:
11117:
11113:
11108:
11103:
11099:
11095:
11091:
11087:
11083:
11076:
11057:
11050:
11044:
11036:
11032:
11028:
11024:
11020:
11016:
11013:(3): 181–91.
11012:
11008:
11001:
10993:
10989:
10985:
10981:
10977:
10973:
10970:(4): 507–10.
10969:
10965:
10958:
10956:
10947:
10943:
10938:
10933:
10929:
10925:
10921:
10917:
10913:
10906:
10904:
10895:
10891:
10887:
10883:
10879:
10875:
10868:
10866:
10857:
10853:
10849:
10845:
10841:
10837:
10833:
10829:
10821:
10813:
10809:
10804:
10799:
10795:
10791:
10788:(8): 729–35.
10787:
10783:
10779:
10772:
10770:
10761:
10757:
10752:
10747:
10743:
10739:
10735:
10728:
10726:
10717:
10713:
10708:
10703:
10699:
10695:
10692:(2): 343–54.
10691:
10687:
10683:
10675:
10667:
10663:
10659:
10655:
10651:
10647:
10644:(2): 97–111.
10643:
10639:
10632:
10624:
10620:
10616:
10612:
10607:
10602:
10598:
10594:
10590:
10583:
10575:
10571:
10566:
10561:
10557:
10553:
10549:
10545:
10541:
10537:
10533:
10526:
10518:
10514:
10510:
10506:
10502:
10498:
10494:
10490:
10487:(1): 143–52.
10486:
10482:
10475:
10467:
10463:
10459:
10455:
10451:
10447:
10440:
10432:
10426:
10422:
10415:
10407:
10403:
10399:
10395:
10391:
10387:
10383:
10379:
10372:
10364:
10360:
10355:
10350:
10346:
10342:
10338:
10334:
10330:
10323:
10315:
10311:
10307:
10303:
10298:
10293:
10289:
10285:
10281:
10274:
10266:
10262:
10258:
10254:
10250:
10246:
10242:
10238:
10231:
10223:
10219:
10215:
10211:
10207:
10203:
10200:(8): 465–77.
10199:
10195:
10191:
10184:
10176:
10172:
10168:
10164:
10160:
10156:
10152:
10148:
10141:
10133:
10129:
10125:
10121:
10114:
10106:
10102:
10097:
10092:
10088:
10084:
10080:
10076:
10072:
10068:
10064:
10057:
10049:
10045:
10040:
10035:
10030:
10025:
10021:
10017:
10013:
10006:
9998:
9994:
9990:
9986:
9982:
9978:
9974:
9970:
9963:
9956:
9948:
9944:
9939:
9934:
9930:
9926:
9922:
9918:
9914:
9907:
9899:
9895:
9891:
9887:
9883:
9879:
9875:
9871:
9864:
9856:
9852:
9847:
9842:
9838:
9834:
9830:
9823:
9815:
9808:
9800:
9796:
9791:
9786:
9782:
9778:
9774:
9767:
9759:
9755:
9751:
9747:
9743:
9739:
9736:(8): 583–92.
9735:
9731:
9724:
9716:
9712:
9708:
9704:
9700:
9696:
9689:
9681:
9677:
9673:
9669:
9664:
9659:
9656:(2): 144–51.
9655:
9651:
9647:
9640:
9632:
9628:
9623:
9618:
9614:
9610:
9606:
9599:
9591:
9587:
9582:
9577:
9573:
9569:
9565:
9561:
9557:
9550:
9542:
9538:
9533:
9528:
9524:
9520:
9516:
9512:
9508:
9501:
9493:
9489:
9484:
9479:
9475:
9471:
9467:
9463:
9459:
9455:
9451:
9444:
9435:
9430:
9426:
9420:
9416:
9412:
9408:
9401:
9393:
9389:
9384:
9379:
9375:
9371:
9367:
9363:
9359:
9352:
9344:
9340:
9335:
9330:
9326:
9322:
9318:
9314:
9310:
9303:
9295:
9291:
9286:
9281:
9277:
9273:
9269:
9265:
9261:
9254:
9246:
9242:
9237:
9232:
9228:
9224:
9221:(3): 177–86.
9220:
9216:
9212:
9205:
9197:
9193:
9188:
9183:
9179:
9175:
9171:
9167:
9163:
9156:
9148:
9144:
9139:
9134:
9131:(1): 151–61.
9130:
9126:
9122:
9115:
9107:
9103:
9099:
9095:
9091:
9087:
9080:
9072:
9068:
9064:
9060:
9056:
9052:
9049:(2): 162–76.
9048:
9044:
9037:
9030:
9022:
9018:
9014:
9010:
9006:
9002:
8995:
8987:
8983:
8979:
8975:
8971:
8967:
8964:(2): 117–27.
8963:
8959:
8952:
8938:
8934:
8930:
8926:
8919:
8911:
8907:
8902:
8897:
8893:
8889:
8885:
8878:
8870:
8866:
8861:
8856:
8852:
8848:
8844:
8837:
8829:
8825:
8821:
8817:
8813:
8809:
8805:
8801:
8794:
8792:
8783:
8779:
8775:
8771:
8767:
8760:
8749:
8745:
8741:
8734:
8727:
8719:
8715:
8711:
8704:
8702:
8694:
8690:
8686:
8682:
8681:
8675:
8667:
8663:
8658:
8653:
8649:
8645:
8641:
8634:
8632:
8630:
8628:
8626:
8624:
8615:
8611:
8606:
8601:
8597:
8593:
8589:
8580:
8576:
8572:
8568:
8564:
8560:
8557:(4): 375–88.
8556:
8552:
8545:
8537:
8533:
8528:
8523:
8520:(5): 759–74.
8519:
8515:
8511:
8504:
8496:
8492:
8487:
8482:
8479:(9): 2381–8.
8478:
8474:
8470:
8463:
8455:
8451:
8447:
8443:
8439:
8432:
8424:
8420:
8415:
8410:
8405:
8400:
8397:(5): 525–35.
8396:
8392:
8388:
8381:
8379:
8370:
8366:
8362:
8358:
8354:
8350:
8346:
8342:
8335:
8333:
8331:
8329:
8320:
8316:
8311:
8306:
8302:
8298:
8294:
8287:
8279:
8275:
8271:
8269:9783318006155
8265:
8261:
8255:
8247:
8243:
8239:
8235:
8232:(1): e37-47.
8231:
8227:
8220:
8212:
8208:
8204:
8200:
8196:
8192:
8185:
8177:
8173:
8169:
8165:
8162:(3): 255–60.
8161:
8157:
8156:
8148:
8140:
8136:
8132:
8128:
8124:
8120:
8116:
8112:
8111:
8103:
8095:
8091:
8087:
8083:
8080:(2): 341–56.
8079:
8075:
8068:
8060:
8056:
8053:(10): 681–2.
8052:
8048:
8041:
8033:
8029:
8025:
8021:
8014:
7999:
7995:
7989:
7981:
7977:
7972:
7967:
7963:
7959:
7954:
7949:
7945:
7941:
7937:
7930:
7923:
7919:
7913:
7909:
7905:
7902:: 1482–1496.
7901:
7894:
7880:
7876:
7872:
7868:
7861:
7853:
7849:
7844:
7839:
7835:
7831:
7827:
7823:
7819:
7812:
7804:
7800:
7796:
7792:
7788:
7784:
7777:
7769:
7765:
7761:
7757:
7752:
7747:
7744:(8): 904–31.
7743:
7739:
7735:
7727:
7719:
7715:
7710:
7705:
7701:
7697:
7693:
7689:
7685:
7678:
7670:
7666:
7662:
7658:
7654:
7650:
7643:
7635:
7631:
7627:
7623:
7619:
7615:
7611:
7607:
7600:
7592:
7588:
7584:
7580:
7576:
7572:
7565:
7557:
7553:
7549:
7545:
7542:(6): 536–64.
7541:
7537:
7529:
7521:
7517:
7513:
7509:
7502:
7494:
7490:
7485:
7480:
7476:
7472:
7468:
7461:
7453:
7449:
7444:
7439:
7435:
7431:
7426:
7421:
7417:
7413:
7409:
7402:
7394:
7390:
7385:
7380:
7376:
7372:
7368:
7364:
7360:
7353:
7345:
7341:
7337:
7333:
7329:
7325:
7321:
7317:
7310:
7302:
7298:
7294:
7290:
7286:
7282:
7278:
7274:
7267:
7265:
7256:
7252:
7245:
7237:
7233:
7229:
7225:
7221:
7217:
7213:
7209:
7202:
7187:
7183:
7176:
7160:
7156:
7150:
7142:
7138:
7133:
7128:
7124:
7120:
7116:
7112:
7108:
7101:
7099:
7097:
7088:
7084:
7080:
7076:
7072:
7068:
7064:
7060:
7052:
7044:
7038:
7034:
7027:
7019:
7015:
7010:
7005:
7001:
6997:
6993:
6989:
6985:
6981:
6977:
6970:
6962:
6958:
6953:
6948:
6944:
6940:
6936:
6932:
6928:
6924:
6920:
6913:
6905:
6901:
6897:
6893:
6889:
6885:
6881:
6877:
6870:
6862:
6858:
6854:
6850:
6846:
6842:
6835:
6827:
6823:
6819:
6815:
6811:
6807:
6800:
6792:
6788:
6783:
6778:
6774:
6770:
6767:(4): 416–27.
6766:
6762:
6758:
6751:
6743:
6739:
6734:
6729:
6725:
6721:
6717:
6713:
6709:
6705:
6701:
6693:
6685:
6681:
6676:
6671:
6667:
6663:
6660:(3): 354–76.
6659:
6655:
6651:
6644:
6636:
6632:
6628:
6624:
6620:
6616:
6609:
6601:
6597:
6593:
6589:
6582:
6574:
6570:
6565:
6560:
6555:
6550:
6546:
6542:
6538:
6534:
6530:
6523:
6515:
6511:
6507:
6503:
6499:
6495:
6491:
6487:
6480:
6472:
6468:
6465:(8): 574–81.
6464:
6460:
6453:
6445:
6443:9783540389163
6439:
6435:
6434:
6426:
6418:
6416:9783540389163
6412:
6408:
6407:
6399:
6391:
6387:
6382:
6377:
6373:
6369:
6366:(5): 338–50.
6365:
6361:
6357:
6350:
6342:
6338:
6334:
6330:
6325:
6320:
6316:
6312:
6308:
6301:
6293:
6292:
6284:
6276:
6272:
6268:
6264:
6257:
6249:
6245:
6241:
6237:
6233:
6229:
6226:(3): 205–52.
6225:
6221:
6214:
6206:
6202:
6197:
6192:
6188:
6184:
6180:
6176:
6172:
6168:
6164:
6160:
6156:
6149:
6141:
6137:
6133:
6129:
6126:(1): 134–42.
6125:
6121:
6114:
6106:
6102:
6097:
6092:
6088:
6084:
6080:
6076:
6072:
6065:
6057:
6055:9783527326693
6051:
6047:
6043:
6039:
6032:
6024:
6020:
6015:
6010:
6005:
6000:
5996:
5992:
5988:
5981:
5979:
5970:
5968:9781498704304
5964:
5960:
5956:
5952:
5945:
5937:
5935:9783540728795
5931:
5927:
5923:
5919:
5915:
5911:
5907:
5900:
5892:
5888:
5884:
5880:
5877:(5): 607–28.
5876:
5872:
5865:
5857:
5855:9783540563914
5851:
5847:
5843:
5839:
5838:
5833:
5831:
5822:
5814:
5810:
5805:
5800:
5796:
5792:
5791:Planta Medica
5788:
5781:
5779:
5777:
5768:
5764:
5760:
5756:
5752:
5748:
5744:
5740:
5736:
5732:
5728:
5721:
5713:
5709:
5705:
5701:
5697:
5693:
5686:
5678:
5674:
5670:
5666:
5663:(2): 217–36.
5662:
5658:
5651:
5643:
5639:
5635:
5631:
5627:
5623:
5619:
5615:
5608:
5600:
5596:
5591:
5586:
5582:
5578:
5574:
5570:
5566:
5559:
5557:
5555:
5538:
5534:
5530:
5523:
5515:
5511:
5506:
5501:
5497:
5493:
5489:
5482:
5474:
5470:
5465:
5460:
5456:
5452:
5448:
5441:
5439:
5437:
5435:
5426:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5408:
5404:
5400:
5396:
5392:
5385:
5383:
5381:
5372:
5368:
5364:
5360:
5353:
5351:
5349:
5347:
5345:
5343:
5334:
5328:
5324:
5320:
5316:
5309:
5307:
5298:
5294:
5290:
5286:
5282:
5278:
5275:(3): 2005–9.
5274:
5270:
5263:
5255:
5249:
5233:
5229:
5223:
5207:
5203:
5197:
5189:
5185:
5181:
5177:
5173:
5169:
5165:
5161:
5153:
5145:
5141:
5137:
5133:
5129:
5125:
5121:
5117:
5110:
5102:
5096:
5092:
5085:
5077:
5073:
5069:
5065:
5061:
5057:
5053:
5049:
5045:
5041:
5037:
5030:
5022:
5018:
5014:
5010:
5006:
5002:
4995:
4993:
4991:
4982:
4978:
4973:
4968:
4964:
4960:
4956:
4952:
4948:
4941:
4933:
4929:
4925:
4921:
4917:
4913:
4905:
4903:
4901:
4899:
4897:
4895:
4893:
4884:
4880:
4876:
4872:
4868:
4864:
4856:
4848:
4844:
4840:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4822:
4818:
4814:
4807:
4805:
4803:
4801:
4799:
4797:
4795:
4793:
4791:
4789:
4780:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4762:
4758:
4754:
4747:
4745:
4736:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4718:
4714:
4710:
4703:
4701:
4692:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4674:
4670:
4666:
4662:
4658:
4651:
4649:
4640:
4636:
4632:
4628:
4621:
4613:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4595:
4591:
4587:
4583:
4576:
4574:
4572:
4563:
4559:
4555:
4551:
4547:
4543:
4536:
4534:
4532:
4523:
4519:
4515:
4511:
4504:
4496:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4478:
4474:
4470:
4466:
4462:
4455:
4447:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4429:
4425:
4421:
4417:
4413:
4406:
4398:
4394:
4390:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4372:
4368:
4364:
4357:
4349:
4345:
4342:(5): 488–95.
4341:
4337:
4330:
4322:
4316:
4311:
4310:
4301:
4293:
4287:
4282:
4281:
4272:
4264:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4246:
4242:
4238:
4231:
4223:
4217:
4213:
4206:
4198:
4192:
4188:
4181:
4179:
4177:
4175:
4173:
4171:
4162:
4156:
4152:
4145:
4143:
4141:
4139:
4137:
4135:
4133:
4131:
4129:
4127:
4125:
4116:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4098:
4094:
4090:
4086:
4082:
4075:
4073:
4071:
4062:
4058:
4054:
4050:
4043:
4041:
4039:
4037:
4035:
4033:
4024:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4006:
4002:
3998:
3994:
3993:
3988:
3981:
3973:
3969:
3965:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3948:(2): 153–64.
3947:
3943:
3939:
3932:
3924:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3896:
3892:
3888:
3881:
3879:
3874:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3837:Immunotherapy
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3827:Drug delivery
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3781:
3777:
3776:
3769:
3764:Other animals
3761:
3757:
3754:
3745:
3741:
3736:
3726:
3724:
3720:
3715:
3711:
3707:
3703:
3699:
3695:
3691:
3686:
3682:
3678:
3677:Nanoparticles
3672:Nanoparticles
3669:
3667:
3664:and systemic
3663:
3660:
3656:
3652:
3648:
3644:
3640:
3636:
3631:
3629:
3625:
3624:tumor antigen
3621:
3617:
3608:
3598:
3590:
3586:
3582:
3578:
3569:
3567:
3566:
3561:
3557:
3554:. In today's
3553:
3549:
3545:
3541:
3537:
3533:
3529:
3528:
3523:
3521:
3516:
3512:
3505:
3499:
3497:
3492:
3491:Allied forces
3488:
3484:
3480:
3476:
3472:
3468:
3464:
3463:hematopoiesis
3460:
3457:agent during
3456:
3452:
3448:
3440:
3436:
3429:
3428:Sidney Farber
3425:
3420:
3410:
3408:
3402:
3392:
3390:
3386:
3382:
3378:
3374:
3369:
3365:
3363:
3358:
3348:
3342:Spill control
3339:
3330:
3321:
3317:
3308:
3304:
3300:
3298:
3293:
3283:
3281:
3277:
3267:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3246:
3244:
3243:needle sticks
3238:
3235:
3231:
3227:
3226:intramuscular
3223:
3213:
3211:
3206:
3204:
3200:
3196:
3185:
3175:
3170:
3168:
3163:This section
3161:
3152:
3151:
3143:
3141:
3137:
3133:
3128:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3101:Dexamethasone
3098:
3094:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3050:
3040:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3021:immune system
3017:
3015:
3011:
3010:cell division
3007:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2990:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2975:cell division
2972:
2967:
2965:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2942:coupled with
2941:
2937:
2928:
2919:
2917:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2878:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2843:
2834:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2823:Blood vessels
2820:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2790:
2788:
2777:
2775:
2770:
2768:
2764:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2737:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2625:free radicals
2622:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2605:anthracycline
2602:
2593:
2591:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2548:
2546:
2536:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2499:
2489:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2470:
2468:
2464:
2463:contraception
2459:
2457:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2430:
2427:
2422:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2394:
2390:
2385:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2369:
2365:
2355:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2335:
2333:
2332:Scalp cooling
2329:
2327:
2323:
2318:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2275:
2264:
2258:
2240:
2231:
2228:
2223:
2219:
2214:
2204:
2202:
2201:solid tumours
2198:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2145:destruction (
2144:
2140:
2136:
2127:
2125:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2078:
2076:
2075:hemicolectomy
2071:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2015:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2003:
2002:
1997:
1993:
1988:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1976:Herpesviridea
1973:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1951:
1949:
1945:
1942:
1941:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1915:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1852:immune system
1843:
1840:
1830:
1828:
1824:
1819:
1817:
1813:
1808:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1792:
1791:extravasation
1788:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1763:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1740:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1725:intravenously
1723:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1702:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1675:free radicals
1672:
1671:
1666:
1663:Bleomycin, a
1661:
1659:
1658:RNA synthesis
1654:
1652:
1651:free radicals
1648:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1606:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1587:cell division
1584:
1574:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1543:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1525:
1523:
1519:
1518:transcription
1515:
1511:
1505:
1496:
1487:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1447:
1446:
1445:Taxus baccata
1441:
1437:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1385:that include
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1336:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1308:
1304:
1295:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1228:
1224:
1223:dihydrofolate
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1203:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1132:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1111:Deoxycytidine
1108:
1099:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
972:
970:
966:
965:cell division
961:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
927:
912:
903:
900:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
877:
873:
869:
866:
861:
848:
837:
824:
820:
816:
814:
810:
805:
797:
793:
789:
787:
783:
779:
769:
760:
758:
754:
750:
743:Effectiveness
740:
738:
734:
730:
721:
718:
715:
710:
707:
704:
701:
697:
694:
691:
688:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
666:
665:
664:
662:
658:
648:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
627:
625:
622:
621:
617:
615:
611:
608:
606:
602:
599:
596:
594:
590:
586:
583:
581:
577:
573:
571:
567:
563:
559:
556:
554:
550:
546:
544:
540:
536:
532:
529:
527:
523:
519:
517:
513:
509:
506:
505:
501:
499:
495:
491:
488:
486:
482:
478:
476:
472:
468:
465:
463:
459:
455:
453:
449:
445:
441:
438:
436:
432:
428:
426:
422:
418:
414:
411:
410:
406:
404:
400:
396:
392:
389:
388:
384:
382:
378:
374:
371:
369:
365:
361:
359:
355:
352:
351:
347:
345:
341:
337:
333:
330:
328:
327:Breast cancer
324:
313:
310:
299:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
244:
239:
237:
233:
229:
225:
224:local therapy
221:
216:
214:
213:
208:
204:
203:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
165:
163:
162:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
99:
93:
89:
85:
80:
79:breast cancer
76:
70:
65:
60:
57:
53:
49:
48:
40:
38:
33:
19:
15445:Chemotherapy
15207:Psychedelics
15177:Aphrodisiacs
14947:
14851:infestations
14827:Sex hormones
14780:Sex hormones
14725:Cicatrizants
14655:
14641:Vasodilators
14608:antianginals
14605:
14457:stomach acid
14456:
14343:Pexidartinib
14328:Odronextamab
14298:Gilteritinib
14278:Cabozantinib
14225:
14191:
14166:
14160:Temsirolimus
14142:
14126:
14108:proapoptotic
14106:
14090:
14069:Zanubrutinib
14041:
14011:
13980:
13957:Lestaurtinib
13936:Janus kinase
13934:
13915:
13869:
13862:Non-receptor
13843:Cabozantinib
13836:
13805:Infigratinib
13790:
13764:
13706:Fruquintinib
13688:
13681:Gilteritinib
13677:Lestaurtinib
13670:
13619:
13588:
13561:Mobocertinib
13526:Aumolertinib
13514:
13479:Tremelimumab
13464:Tislelizumab
13419:Retifanlimab
13294:Blinatumomab
13264:Atezolizumab
13235:
13217:
13207:
13189:Obinutuzumab
13167:
13149:
13116:
13099:
13057:
13040:
12599:Overview of
12540:Chemotherapy
12501:(2): 67–72.
12498:
12494:
12488:
12463:
12459:
12449:
12412:
12408:
12398:
12373:
12369:
12362:
12345:
12341:
12334:
12320:(11): 3–13.
12317:
12313:
12306:
12271:
12267:
12257:
12222:
12218:
12208:
12165:
12161:
12151:
12134:
12130:
12124:
12087:
12083:
12073:
12043:(6): 522–7.
12040:
12036:
12030:
11987:
11983:
11973:
11946:
11942:
11905:(1): 67–77.
11902:
11898:
11850:
11846:
11836:
11809:
11805:
11767:
11763:
11757:
11732:
11724:
11694:(1): 65–72.
11691:
11687:
11681:
11659:(3): 413–7.
11656:
11652:
11624:
11620:
11610:
11590:
11583:
11563:
11556:
11523:
11519:
11512:
11503:
11491:
11472:
11466:
11423:
11419:
11409:
11397:. Retrieved
11393:the original
11388:
11379:
11307:
11303:
11293:
11274:
11269:
11233:. Retrieved
11215:
11203:. Retrieved
11199:the original
11194:
11134:
11130:
11124:
11089:
11085:
11075:
11063:. Retrieved
11056:the original
11043:
11010:
11006:
11000:
10967:
10963:
10919:
10915:
10877:
10873:
10831:
10827:
10820:
10785:
10781:
10744:(8): 577–9.
10741:
10737:
10689:
10685:
10674:
10641:
10637:
10631:
10599:(1): 59–73.
10596:
10592:
10582:
10539:
10535:
10525:
10484:
10480:
10474:
10449:
10445:
10439:
10420:
10414:
10381:
10377:
10371:
10336:
10332:
10322:
10290:(1): 57–70.
10287:
10283:
10273:
10243:(1): 28–39.
10240:
10236:
10230:
10197:
10193:
10183:
10150:
10146:
10140:
10126:(3): 311–9.
10123:
10119:
10113:
10070:
10066:
10056:
10019:
10015:
10005:
9972:
9968:
9955:
9920:
9916:
9906:
9873:
9869:
9863:
9836:
9832:
9822:
9813:
9807:
9783:(4): 255–7.
9780:
9776:
9766:
9733:
9729:
9723:
9698:
9694:
9688:
9653:
9649:
9639:
9612:
9608:
9598:
9563:
9559:
9549:
9514:
9510:
9500:
9457:
9453:
9443:
9406:
9400:
9365:
9361:
9351:
9316:
9312:
9302:
9267:
9263:
9253:
9218:
9214:
9204:
9169:
9165:
9155:
9128:
9124:
9114:
9092:(1): 68–73.
9089:
9085:
9079:
9046:
9042:
9029:
9004:
9000:
8994:
8961:
8957:
8951:
8940:, retrieved
8928:
8918:
8891:
8887:
8877:
8850:
8846:
8836:
8806:(1): 27–46.
8803:
8799:
8776:(1): 18–25.
8773:
8769:
8759:
8743:
8739:
8726:
8717:
8713:
8678:
8674:
8647:
8643:
8595:
8591:
8554:
8550:
8544:
8517:
8513:
8503:
8476:
8472:
8462:
8437:
8431:
8394:
8390:
8347:(4): 480–9.
8344:
8340:
8300:
8296:
8286:
8259:
8254:
8229:
8225:
8219:
8194:
8190:
8184:
8159:
8153:
8147:
8117:(3): 141–3.
8114:
8108:
8102:
8077:
8073:
8067:
8050:
8046:
8040:
8026:(2): 131–2.
8023:
8019:
8013:
8001:. Retrieved
7997:
7988:
7943:
7939:
7929:
7921:
7899:
7893:
7882:, retrieved
7870:
7860:
7825:
7821:
7811:
7786:
7782:
7776:
7741:
7737:
7726:
7691:
7687:
7677:
7652:
7642:
7609:
7605:
7599:
7574:
7570:
7564:
7539:
7535:
7528:
7511:
7507:
7501:
7474:
7470:
7460:
7418:(1): 42–47.
7415:
7411:
7401:
7366:
7362:
7352:
7319:
7315:
7309:
7279:(3): 206–9.
7276:
7272:
7254:
7244:
7211:
7207:
7201:
7189:. Retrieved
7185:
7175:
7163:. Retrieved
7159:the original
7149:
7114:
7110:
7062:
7058:
7051:
7032:
7026:
6983:
6979:
6969:
6926:
6922:
6912:
6879:
6875:
6869:
6844:
6840:
6834:
6809:
6805:
6799:
6764:
6760:
6750:
6707:
6703:
6692:
6657:
6653:
6643:
6618:
6614:
6608:
6591:
6587:
6581:
6536:
6532:
6522:
6489:
6485:
6479:
6462:
6458:
6452:
6432:
6425:
6405:
6398:
6363:
6359:
6349:
6317:(5): 470–1.
6314:
6310:
6300:
6290:
6283:
6269:(1): 37–66.
6266:
6262:
6256:
6223:
6219:
6213:
6165:(1): 75–97.
6162:
6158:
6148:
6123:
6119:
6113:
6078:
6074:
6064:
6041:
6031:
5994:
5990:
5954:
5944:
5913:
5899:
5874:
5870:
5864:
5836:
5829:
5821:
5794:
5790:
5734:
5730:
5720:
5698:(1): 35–84.
5695:
5691:
5685:
5660:
5656:
5650:
5617:
5613:
5607:
5572:
5568:
5541:. Retrieved
5537:the original
5532:
5522:
5495:
5491:
5481:
5454:
5450:
5398:
5394:
5365:(1): 19–23.
5362:
5358:
5314:
5272:
5268:
5262:
5248:
5236:. Retrieved
5232:the original
5222:
5210:. Retrieved
5206:the original
5196:
5166:(1): 93–99.
5163:
5159:
5152:
5122:(1): 86–92.
5119:
5115:
5109:
5090:
5084:
5043:
5039:
5029:
5007:(1): 69–78.
5004:
5000:
4954:
4950:
4940:
4918:(4): 263–7.
4915:
4911:
4869:(3): 203–6.
4866:
4862:
4855:
4820:
4816:
4760:
4756:
4716:
4712:
4664:
4660:
4633:(7): 853–6.
4630:
4626:
4620:
4603:10026.1/3714
4588:(1): 23–37.
4585:
4581:
4545:
4541:
4513:
4509:
4503:
4468:
4464:
4454:
4419:
4415:
4405:
4370:
4366:
4356:
4339:
4335:
4329:
4308:
4300:
4279:
4271:
4244:
4240:
4230:
4211:
4205:
4186:
4150:
4088:
4084:
4055:(1): 24–28.
4052:
4048:
3996:
3990:
3980:
3945:
3941:
3931:
3894:
3890:
3857:Radiotherapy
3779:
3767:
3758:
3751:
3742:
3738:
3675:
3632:
3614:
3605:
3589:nanoparticle
3587:, a type of
3563:
3548:sulfonamides
3540:arsphenamine
3535:
3525:
3518:
3515:Paul Ehrlich
3511:chemotherapy
3510:
3508:
3504:chemotherapy
3503:
3471:World War II
3444:
3404:
3377:methotrexate
3370:
3366:
3354:
3345:
3336:
3327:
3318:
3314:
3305:
3301:
3289:
3273:
3259:carcinogenic
3256:
3252:
3239:
3234:subcutaneous
3219:
3207:
3192:
3179:
3172:Please help
3164:
3129:
3125:lenalidomide
3053:Methotrexate
3046:
3018:
3004:, including
2994:growth rates
2991:
2982:
2968:
2934:
2891:side effects
2884:
2840:
2821:
2817:temozolomide
2791:
2783:
2771:
2765:
2738:
2711:
2703:
2693:
2685:asymptomatic
2675:
2645:
2599:
2596:Organ damage
2554:
2542:
2528:motor nerves
2515:
2501:
2471:
2460:
2436:
2423:
2404:
2401:GnRH analogs
2398:
2386:
2372:
2361:
2341:
2330:
2319:
2295:daunorubicin
2285:
2216:
2193:radiotherapy
2183:
2133:
2106:Malnutrition
2102:constipation
2084:
2060:
2021:
2006:
1999:
1989:
1952:
1947:
1938:
1934:
1916:
1878:may require
1849:
1836:
1820:
1809:
1795:
1775:Hickman line
1764:
1741:
1737:capecitabine
1719:
1691:
1668:
1665:glycopeptide
1662:
1655:
1643:mitoxantrone
1620:
1614:daunorubicin
1607:
1580:
1559:mitoxantrone
1540:
1537:camptothecin
1526:
1507:
1475:
1471:
1463:
1450:
1443:
1433:
1427:
1394:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1362:
1361:
1344:
1334:
1312:
1306:
1244:capecitabine
1240:fluorouracil
1207:methotrexate
1204:
1196:anti-folates
1134:
1096:procarbazine
1052:temozolomide
1048:mitozolomide
1008:chlorambucil
980:nitrosoureas
973:
929:
901:
889:methotrexate
878:
874:
870:
862:
858:
817:
806:
802:
790:
778:side-effects
775:
753:brain tumors
746:
726:
654:
637:methotrexate
589:folinic acid
531:Methotrexate
516:capecitabine
456:CHOP, R-CVP
452:prednisolone
425:prednisolone
421:procarbazine
336:methotrexate
315:Cancer type
280:autoimmunity
240:
236:hyperthermia
223:
219:
217:
210:
200:
169:chemotherapy
168:
166:
159:
119:
115:
114:, sometimes
111:
108:Chemotherapy
107:
106:
62:Chemotherapy
56:
46:
37:Chemotherapy
36:
15340:Otologicals
15312:antagonists
15278:respiratory
15253:Orexigenics
15248:Neurotoxins
15197:Euphoriants
15187:Entactogens
15182:Depressants
15172:Anxiolytics
15110:Anesthetics
14886:Antifungals
14483:Antiemetics
14471:antagonists
14373:Tebentafusp
14353:Regorafenib
14348:Quizartinib
14338:Pemigatinib
14318:Midostaurin
14293:Erdafitinib
14288:Entrectinib
14271:Parsaclisib
14219:Trilaciclib
14209:Palbociclib
14204:Dalpiciclib
14199:Abemaciclib
14101:Aflibercept
14028:Entrectinib
13998:Selumetinib
13993:Cobimetinib
13988:Binimetinib
13972:Ruxolitinib
13962:Momelotinib
13942:Baricitinib
13840:inhibitors:
13817:Pralsetinib
13813:Pemigatinib
13801:Futibatinib
13797:Entrectinib
13794:inhibitors:
13726:Regorafenib
13630:Avapritinib
13576:Rociletinib
13571:Osimertinib
13536:Dacomitinib
13474:Toripalimab
13459:Teclistamab
13449:Talquetamab
13444:Tafasitamab
13439:Sugemalimab
13434:Serplulimab
13424:Sabatolimab
13414:Ramucirumab
13409:Prolgolimab
13379:Necitumumab
13334:Epcoritamab
13314:Dostarlimab
13304:Daratumumab
13259:Amivantamab
13224:Alemtuzumab
13214:Brentuximab
13204:Tositumomab
13179:Ibritumomab
13160:Elranatamab
13123:Bevacizumab
13111:Edrecolomab
13106:Catumaxomab
13068:Trastuzumab
13052:Panitumumab
12947:Cancer pain
12887:Cancer cell
12632:Hyperplasia
12090:(8): 4249.
11399:22 November
11205:22 November
11065:25 February
10826:toxicity".
10452:(1): 12–9.
9975:: 217–227.
9969:Lung Cancer
8197:(1): 11–4.
7251:"Typhlitis"
7214:(1): 44–7.
6621:(1): 5–13.
5844:. pp.
5238:25 November
3862:Virotherapy
3847:Ototoxicity
3802:Chemo brain
3679:are 1–1000
3532:antibiotics
3459:World War I
3451:Mustard gas
3286:Preparation
3230:intrathecal
3222:intravenous
3025:oxaliplatin
2871:lung cancer
2780:Limitations
2745:doxorubicin
2736:reactions.
2695:Ototoxicity
2667:cholestasis
2641:clofarabine
2609:doxorubicin
2567:, and some
2512:epothilones
2508:thalidomide
2467:doxorubicin
2439:teratogenic
2380:by loss of
2368:antibiotics
2364:infertility
2358:Infertility
2291:doxorubicin
2227:antiemetics
2110:dehydration
2008:Trilaciclib
1960:oral cavity
1958:(including
1908:lenograstim
1900:granulocyte
1884:Neutropenia
1856:bone marrow
1827:intrathecal
1779:Port-a-Cath
1639:aclarubicin
1635:pirarubicin
1610:doxorubicin
1603:actinomycin
1599:mitomycin C
1583:antibiotics
1571:aclarubicin
1555:doxorubicin
1522:replication
1399:vinorelbine
1391:vinblastine
1387:vincristine
1375:Vinca rosea
1322:microtubule
1288:thioguanine
1284:pentostatin
1280:clofarabine
1268:fludarabine
1264:azacitidine
1256:gemcitabine
1227:thymidylate
1200:thiopurines
1164:pyrimidines
1140:nucleotides
1115:gemcitabine
1072:oxaliplatin
1068:carboplatin
1044:dacarbazine
1036:fotemustine
1030:(CCNU) and
960:alkyl group
936:World War I
932:mustard gas
881:Carboplatin
703:Neoadjuvant
629:Doxorubicin
624:Bone cancer
610:Gemcitabine
593:oxaliplatin
570:vinorelbine
566:vincristine
562:doxorubicin
553:Lung cancer
539:doxorubicin
535:vincristine
448:vincristine
444:doxorubicin
417:vincristine
403:dacarbazine
399:vinblastine
391:Doxorubicin
377:doxorubicin
354:Doxorubicin
344:vinorelbine
252:bone marrow
175:to inhibit
87:Other names
15439:Categories
15263:Stimulants
15243:Nootropics
15217:Deliriants
15192:Entheogens
15127:Anorectics
15105:Analgesics
14958:Alkylating
14891:Antivirals
14846:infections
14720:Emollients
14574:Coagulants
14444:metabolism
14388:Venetoclax
14383:Vandetanib
14358:Ripretinib
14323:Nintedanib
14308:Lenvatinib
14283:Capmatinib
14266:Idelalisib
14256:Copanlisib
14229:inhibitors
14214:Ribociclib
14185:Vismodegib
14170:inhibitors
14150:Everolimus
14116:prohibitin
14033:Lorlatinib
14023:Crizotinib
14003:Trametinib
13967:Pacritinib
13952:Filgotinib
13947:Fedratinib
13851:Crizotinib
13847:Capmatinib
13829:Vandetanib
13777:Brigatinib
13756:Vandetanib
13716:Nintedanib
13711:Lenvatinib
13650:Ripretinib
13581:Vandetanib
13556:Lazertinib
13531:Brigatinib
13454:Tarlatamab
13389:Olaratumab
13349:Isatuximab
13344:Ipilimumab
13324:Elotuzumab
13319:Durvalumab
13299:Cemiplimab
13289:Bermekimab
13279:Axatilimab
13194:Ofatumumab
13174:Glofitamab
13156:Glofitamab
13064:Pertuzumab
12892:Carcinogen
12756:Urogenital
12697:Topography
12678:Metastasis
12642:Pseudocyst
12616:Conditions
11984:Oncotarget
11770:(3): 304.
11389:lni.wa.gov
11225:Cancer.org
10446:Toxicology
10339:(1): 1–4.
9460:(1): 442.
8942:8 November
8929:StatPearls
8003:8 November
7884:8 November
6311:Stem Cells
6081:: 131–44.
5910:Krische MJ
3869:References
3812:Cytostasis
3723:paclitaxel
3690:antibodies
3685:solubility
3659:refractory
3552:penicillin
3385:ifosfamide
3379:, urinary
3105:bortezomib
3043:Other uses
2948:metastasis
2863:DNA repair
2842:Resistance
2837:Resistance
2806:lipophilic
2718:xerostomia
2629:DNA damage
2617:idarubicin
2613:epirubicin
2559:, such as
2311:ifosfamide
2299:paclitaxel
2263:Hank Green
2143:blood cell
2115:antiemetic
1980:quinolones
1940:autologous
1923:stem cells
1904:filgrastim
1781:, and the
1771:outpatient
1681:, becomes
1631:idarubicin
1627:epirubicin
1595:bleomycins
1567:novobiocin
1563:teniposide
1529:irinotecan
1484:teniposide
1430:paclitaxel
1415:cell cycle
1411:vinflunine
1276:cladribine
1272:nelarabine
1260:decitabine
1252:cytarabine
1211:pemetrexed
1184:DNA damage
1144:nucleobase
1119:decitabine
1088:sulfhydryl
1034:(MeCCNU),
1024:carmustine
1012:ifosfamide
992:cisplatins
988:aziridines
984:tetrazines
956:covalently
915:alkylated.
893:paclitaxel
813:overdosing
674:, such as
649:MAP/MAPIE
641:ifosfamide
508:Epirubicin
490:Epirubicin
296:vasculitis
185:DNA repair
181:DNA damage
148:palliative
15413:ATC codes
15379:Dressings
15364:Antidotes
15228:Sedatives
15224:Hypnotics
14933:malignant
14790:endocrine
14636:Diuretics
14569:Platelets
14529:and blood
14488:Laxatives
14378:Tepotinib
14368:Sunitinib
14363:Sorafenib
14333:Pazopanib
14313:Masitinib
14261:Duvelisib
14251:Alpelisib
14239:Sotorasib
14234:Adagrasib
14180:Sonidegib
14175:Glasdegib
14121:Adipotide
14054:Ibrutinib
13927:Dasatinib
13922:Bosutinib
13907:Radotinib
13902:Ponatinib
13897:Nilotinib
13887:Dasatinib
13882:Bosutinib
13877:Asciminib
13845:(VEGFR),
13803:(FGFR2),
13782:Ceritinib
13772:Alectinib
13751:Toceranib
13746:Tivozanib
13741:Sunitinib
13736:Sorafenib
13731:Semaxanib
13721:Pazopanib
13701:Cediranib
13665:Toceranib
13660:Sunitinib
13655:Sorafenib
13645:Pazopanib
13640:Masitinib
13607:Tucatinib
13602:Neratinib
13597:Lapatinib
13566:Olmutinib
13546:Gefitinib
13541:Erlotinib
13516:HER1/EGFR
13384:Nivolumab
13374:Naxitamab
13199:Rituximab
13047:Cetuximab
13042:HER1/EGFR
12911:Oncovirus
12901:oncogenes
12854:Ann Arbor
12797:Papilloma
12782:Carcinoma
12775:Histology
12719:laryngeal
12663:Dysplasia
12647:Hamartoma
12460:Onkologie
12415:(1): 10.
12182:0003-4932
12004:1949-2553
11716:205467419
11627:: 39–41.
11440:1558-9250
11324:1076-2752
11235:10 August
10623:205490545
10556:0007-0920
10087:1474-175X
9997:199025494
9474:1970-5565
8414:1842/9543
8278:606559421
7962:1663-9812
7434:1007-9327
7000:0820-3946
6943:1469-493X
6724:1058-4838
6248:247493530
6187:1568-7767
5991:Molecules
5959:CRC Press
5751:1471-0072
5060:0012-6667
4510:Nutrition
3897:(1): 71.
3782:(journal)
3714:liposomes
3681:nanometer
3509:The word
3502:The term
3479:lymphomas
3264:genotoxic
3182:June 2023
3109:melphalan
3085:cytokines
3073:adenosine
3061:psoriasis
3039:therapy.
3002:lymphomas
2996:(such as
2987:apoptosis
2983:cytotoxic
2960:oncogenes
2944:malignant
2855:apoptosis
2813:lomustine
2753:bleomycin
2637:docetaxel
2585:phosphate
2581:potassium
2577:uric acid
2569:leukemias
2565:teratomas
2561:lymphomas
2443:pregnancy
2419:apoptosis
2315:etoposide
2303:docetaxel
2287:Hair loss
2234:Hair loss
2167:platelets
2147:hemolysis
2120:typhlitis
2070:prognosis
2062:Typhlitis
2028:Typhlitis
1948:allogenic
1935:allogenic
1868:platelets
1787:phlebitis
1783:PICC line
1767:inpatient
1729:melphalan
1722:delivered
1679:metal ion
1618:bacterium
1551:etoposide
1547:apoptosis
1533:topotecan
1480:etoposide
1440:docetaxel
1407:vindesine
1353:apoptosis
1337:alkaloids
1330:β-tubulin
1326:α-tubulin
1188:apoptosis
1078:with the
1064:cisplatin
1060:mytomycin
1032:semustine
1028:lomustine
1004:melphalan
969:apoptosis
897:docetaxel
749:leukemias
723:expected.
699:toxicity.
645:etoposide
633:cisplatin
543:cisplatin
512:cisplatin
494:cisplatin
475:cisplatin
471:etoposide
467:Bleomycin
395:bleomycin
373:Docetaxel
272:mucositis
248:apoptosis
243:cytotoxic
228:radiation
197:androgens
193:estrogens
183:(so that
167:The term
75:docetaxel
39:(journal)
15455:Oncology
15258:Serenics
14923:Vaccines
14690:Fibrates
14512:Vitamins
14462:Antacids
14168:hedgehog
14130:against
14128:exotoxin
14094:against
14043:Bruton's
13892:Imatinib
13815:(FGFR),
13811:(NTRK),
13696:Axitinib
13635:Axitinib
13591:HER2/neu
13551:Icotinib
13521:Afatinib
13495:("-nib")
13274:Avelumab
13146:lymphoid
13138:lymphoma
13134:Leukemia
13059:HER2/neu
13021:("-mab")
12932:Research
12792:Blastoma
12609:oncology
12523:39060053
12515:12831063
12480:37581171
12441:20178589
12390:15964138
12298:46534637
12290:21054709
12249:17435555
12200:17435555
12143:19554862
12116:35457065
12065:27827980
12057:11673694
12022:28410237
11965:22003066
11921:21501554
11877:19868743
11828:18974103
11784:18308256
11708:15630416
11673:21247779
11540:28326998
11458:26989351
11368:Archived
11342:25153300
11277:. 2006.
11229:Archived
11159:17119240
11116:19896087
11035:11902371
11027:20107927
10992:46120577
10984:16900766
10946:15106195
10894:23450553
10856:13015911
10848:21388454
10812:11454634
10760:15100330
10716:26872698
10686:Immunity
10658:27748397
10615:18097448
10574:23299535
10517:22909070
10509:10928287
10466:19651324
10363:18196605
10306:10647931
10265:17934366
10257:19104514
10222:30482752
10214:19581909
10175:21014917
10167:12360278
10132:18297955
10105:22437869
10048:23720710
9989:31446998
9947:25025901
9898:28992964
9890:26523494
9855:16103712
9799:12591977
9758:42818461
9750:16862189
9715:17538177
9680:25331035
9672:10794805
9631:17363519
9590:23094723
9541:26301790
9492:32431787
9392:31063591
9343:27486906
9294:31961948
9245:19851045
9196:22547603
9147:15574506
9106:16473645
9071:39518402
9063:11306728
9021:24099024
8986:35723897
8978:22382639
8937:30085527
8910:15169812
8869:17623791
8828:20411101
8820:18346229
8782:22271810
8748:Archived
8685:DailyMed
8666:11476352
8579:25139582
8571:23991924
8536:24833728
8495:23832792
8454:18790328
8438:Placenta
8423:22647504
8369:20672988
8361:17497315
8319:17374815
8246:22178150
8211:19341937
8176:22901547
8139:43583651
8131:20487675
8059:23187775
8032:17642856
7980:30233361
7900:Oncology
7879:26389491
7852:23152233
7803:16500197
7768:70400559
7760:20870636
7718:26576687
7669:22592695
7634:16527763
7626:16711312
7591:19245931
7556:18597709
7520:16925107
7508:Oncology
7493:10511589
7452:28104979
7393:30168576
7336:16604351
7301:46090832
7236:25479771
7228:16319675
7165:7 August
7141:22258955
7079:20544224
7018:15136552
6961:27128488
6896:23915332
6861:10421507
6826:18722924
6791:20348274
6742:21460264
6684:26921292
6514:13138853
6506:15169927
6390:19377506
6333:12351817
6205:20622989
6140:19072542
6105:21695100
6023:22609781
5891:15032608
5813:20577942
5767:22483746
5759:21527953
5677:12515569
5642:31467685
5634:15217974
5599:19476376
5473:14508075
5425:19002790
5359:Medicine
5297:19558612
5289:21735143
5212:28 April
5188:21072472
5180:24061446
5144:28646787
5136:24299921
5076:36211632
5021:18922643
4981:22382460
4932:22683364
4883:21855044
4839:18445839
4779:12488482
4735:22965963
4691:11953888
4639:13573353
4612:17305252
4562:12175683
4495:20171403
4446:15146036
4397:35447562
4389:23001911
4348:22730604
4336:Oncology
4263:16061845
4115:28850174
4049:Medicine
4023:29514064
3964:11832206
3923:26180516
3772:See also
3710:polymers
3694:proteins
3620:antibody
3572:Research
3544:syphilis
3527:-therapy
3483:air raid
3373:platinum
3295:wearing
3123:such as
2912:imatinib
2811:such as
2730:allergic
2714:erythema
2530:and the
2451:abortion
2222:vomiting
2175:bleeding
2139:bleeding
2098:diarrhea
2094:anorexia
2090:vomiting
2040:diarrhea
2036:vomiting
1972:shingles
1801:melanoma
1754:(PICC),
1733:busulfan
1696:Delivery
1593:and the
1168:cytosine
1084:carboxyl
1056:thiotepa
1026:(BCNU),
1016:busulfan
944:proteins
940:alkylate
934:used in
891:, 5-FU,
885:busulfan
786:nomogram
657:curative
321:Acronym
276:alopecia
140:curative
15115:General
15022:muscles
14991:L03–L04
14987:disease
14939:L01–L02
14935:disease
14685:Statins
13871:bcr-abl
13232:myeloid
12942:History
12841:grading
12837:Staging
12802:Adenoma
12787:Sarcoma
12432:2843684
12240:1877027
12191:1877027
12107:9030431
12013:5514969
11868:2128372
11548:3879822
11449:4791533
11333:4569003
11167:7081365
11139:Bibcode
11107:2861656
10937:9006525
10803:1753808
10707:4758865
10666:4045072
10565:3593543
10489:Bibcode
10406:9353182
10386:Bibcode
10378:Science
10354:2170461
10314:1478778
10096:3967236
10039:3655421
10022:: 120.
9938:4130730
9581:3613151
9532:8752126
9483:7232019
9434:7123056
9383:6504134
9334:6466671
9285:6984653
9236:2927105
9187:3675696
8720:(4): 6.
8614:8639928
8094:9589208
7971:6131675
7946:: 913.
7843:8480137
7709:4717525
7443:5221285
7384:6513393
7293:2920627
7191:9 March
7132:4170789
7087:2969472
6952:4930145
6782:3227960
6733:3106269
6675:4786357
6635:2131038
6600:1384141
6573:2410919
6541:Bibcode
6471:3048848
6381:2748742
6341:9257158
6240:9562603
6196:2901146
6167:Bibcode
6096:3117629
6014:6268133
5912:(ed.).
5712:1687171
5590:2827868
5543:18 June
5514:3245973
5416:3449574
5068:9878990
4972:3316912
4847:9557055
4682:2375356
4522:2520314
4486:3339125
4437:1765659
4106:6483552
4014:6342515
3972:7429296
3914:4502609
3496:mustine
3473:at the
3413:History
3249:Hazards
3121:myeloma
2971:mitosis
2952:genetic
2906:. This
2867:tubulin
2859:enzymes
2827:hypoxic
2759:(e.g.,
2751:(e.g.,
2743:(e.g.,
2699:vertigo
2607:drugs (
2441:during
2406:in vivo
2189:surgery
2185:Fatigue
2171:bruises
1423:M-phase
1419:S-phase
1341:taxanes
1248:prodrug
1192:S-phase
1172:thymine
1160:adenine
1156:guanine
1152:purines
1022:(MNU),
676:surgery
618:FOLFOX
413:Mustine
232:surgery
177:mitosis
173:poisons
136:regimen
15422:
15401:
15349:other
15280:system
15032:joints
14985:immune
14792:system
14752:system
14593:system
13118:VEGF-A
12673:Cancer
12605:cancer
12601:tumors
12521:
12513:
12478:
12439:
12429:
12388:
12296:
12288:
12247:
12237:
12198:
12188:
12180:
12141:
12114:
12104:
12063:
12055:
12020:
12010:
12002:
11963:
11919:
11875:
11865:
11826:
11782:
11745:
11714:
11706:
11671:
11598:
11571:
11546:
11538:
11479:
11456:
11446:
11438:
11340:
11330:
11322:
11281:
11165:
11157:
11114:
11104:
11033:
11025:
10990:
10982:
10944:
10934:
10892:
10854:
10846:
10810:
10800:
10758:
10714:
10704:
10664:
10656:
10621:
10613:
10572:
10562:
10554:
10515:
10507:
10464:
10427:
10404:
10361:
10351:
10312:
10304:
10263:
10255:
10220:
10212:
10173:
10165:
10130:
10103:
10093:
10085:
10046:
10036:
9995:
9987:
9945:
9935:
9896:
9888:
9853:
9797:
9756:
9748:
9713:
9678:
9670:
9629:
9588:
9578:
9539:
9529:
9490:
9480:
9472:
9431:
9421:
9390:
9380:
9341:
9331:
9292:
9282:
9243:
9233:
9194:
9184:
9145:
9104:
9069:
9061:
9019:
8984:
8976:
8935:
8908:
8867:
8826:
8818:
8780:
8664:
8612:
8577:
8569:
8534:
8493:
8452:
8421:
8367:
8359:
8317:
8276:
8266:
8244:
8209:
8174:
8137:
8129:
8092:
8057:
8030:
7978:
7968:
7960:
7914:
7877:
7850:
7840:
7801:
7766:
7758:
7716:
7706:
7667:
7632:
7624:
7589:
7554:
7518:
7491:
7450:
7440:
7432:
7391:
7381:
7344:109778
7342:
7334:
7299:
7291:
7234:
7226:
7139:
7129:
7085:
7077:
7039:
7016:
7009:400723
7006:
6998:
6959:
6949:
6941:
6904:597295
6902:
6894:
6859:
6824:
6789:
6779:
6740:
6730:
6722:
6682:
6672:
6633:
6598:
6571:
6564:390561
6561:
6512:
6504:
6469:
6440:
6413:
6388:
6378:
6339:
6331:
6246:
6238:
6203:
6193:
6185:
6138:
6103:
6093:
6052:
6021:
6011:
5965:
5932:
5889:
5852:
5811:
5765:
5757:
5749:
5710:
5675:
5640:
5632:
5597:
5587:
5512:
5471:
5423:
5413:
5329:
5295:
5287:
5186:
5178:
5142:
5134:
5097:
5074:
5066:
5058:
5019:
4979:
4969:
4930:
4881:
4845:
4837:
4777:
4733:
4689:
4679:
4637:
4610:
4560:
4520:
4493:
4483:
4465:Lancet
4444:
4434:
4395:
4387:
4346:
4317:
4288:
4261:
4218:
4193:
4157:
4113:
4103:
4021:
4011:
3970:
3962:
3921:
3911:
3706:silica
3643:Pfizer
3558:, the
3059:(RA),
2936:Cancer
2931:cycle.
2918:drug.
2724:, and
2619:, and
2218:Nausea
2161:, and
2135:Anemia
2130:Anemia
2086:Nausea
2052:chills
2032:nausea
1964:sepsis
1872:Anemia
1866:, and
1777:, the
1769:or an
1687:oxygen
1641:, and
1466:) and
1456:lignan
1409:, and
1282:, and
1176:uracil
1162:) and
1090:, and
895:, and
865:FOLFOX
772:death.
763:Dosage
598:FOLFOX
318:Drugs
234:, and
209:, are
156:cancer
15403:Drugs
15120:Local
15087:brain
15026:bones
14527:blood
14112:ANXA2
14084:Other
13982:MAP2K
13853:(ALK)
13838:c-MET
13690:VEGFR
13625:PDGFR
13621:C-kit
13252:Other
13101:EpCAM
12925:Misc.
12811:Other
12751:Blood
12519:S2CID
12476:S2CID
12294:S2CID
12061:S2CID
11712:S2CID
11544:S2CID
11500:(PDF)
11371:(PDF)
11364:(PDF)
11163:S2CID
11059:(PDF)
11052:(PDF)
11031:S2CID
10988:S2CID
10852:S2CID
10662:S2CID
10619:S2CID
10513:S2CID
10310:S2CID
10261:S2CID
10218:S2CID
10171:S2CID
9993:S2CID
9965:(PDF)
9894:S2CID
9754:S2CID
9676:S2CID
9067:S2CID
9039:(PDF)
8982:S2CID
8824:S2CID
8751:(PDF)
8746:(1).
8736:(PDF)
8687:from
8592:Blood
8575:S2CID
8365:S2CID
8135:S2CID
7764:S2CID
7630:S2CID
7340:S2CID
7297:S2CID
7232:S2CID
7083:S2CID
6900:S2CID
6510:S2CID
6337:S2CID
6244:S2CID
5908:. In
5846:46–55
5763:S2CID
5657:Drugs
5638:S2CID
5293:S2CID
5184:S2CID
5140:S2CID
5072:S2CID
5040:Drugs
4843:S2CID
4393:S2CID
3968:S2CID
3641:(now
3639:Wyeth
3560:sense
3556:usage
3520:chemo
3232:, or
2940:cells
2798:brain
2516:vinca
2064:is a
2054:, or
2048:fever
1998:like
1992:Japan
1927:white
1896:G-CSF
1892:litre
1476:vinca
1395:vinca
1379:vinca
1363:Vinca
1345:Vinca
1335:Vinca
1318:plant
1307:Vinca
1221:from
1080:amino
906:Types
809:obese
682:, or
547:MVAC
429:MOPP
407:ABVD
112:chemo
96:[
15030:and
14707:skin
14227:KRAS
14132:IL-2
14114:and
14096:VEGF
14013:EML4
13672:FLT3
13623:and
13511:ErbB
13237:CD33
13219:CD52
13209:CD30
13169:CD20
13037:ErbB
12957:Diet
12746:Skin
12741:Bone
12709:oral
12637:Cyst
12607:and
12511:PMID
12437:PMID
12386:PMID
12286:PMID
12245:PMID
12196:PMID
12178:ISSN
12139:PMID
12112:PMID
12053:PMID
12018:PMID
12000:ISSN
11961:PMID
11917:PMID
11873:PMID
11824:PMID
11780:PMID
11743:ISBN
11704:PMID
11669:PMID
11621:JAMA
11596:ISBN
11569:ISBN
11536:PMID
11477:ISBN
11454:PMID
11436:ISSN
11401:2018
11338:PMID
11320:ISSN
11279:ISBN
11237:2021
11207:2018
11155:PMID
11135:1076
11112:PMID
11067:2015
11023:PMID
10980:PMID
10942:PMID
10920:2010
10890:PMID
10844:PMID
10808:PMID
10756:PMID
10712:PMID
10654:PMID
10611:PMID
10570:PMID
10552:ISSN
10505:PMID
10462:PMID
10425:ISBN
10402:PMID
10359:PMID
10302:PMID
10284:Cell
10253:PMID
10210:PMID
10163:PMID
10128:PMID
10101:PMID
10083:ISSN
10044:PMID
9985:PMID
9943:PMID
9886:PMID
9851:PMID
9795:PMID
9746:PMID
9711:PMID
9668:PMID
9627:PMID
9586:PMID
9537:PMID
9515:2015
9488:PMID
9470:ISSN
9419:ISBN
9388:PMID
9366:2019
9339:PMID
9317:2019
9290:PMID
9241:PMID
9192:PMID
9143:PMID
9102:PMID
9059:PMID
9017:PMID
8974:PMID
8944:2022
8933:PMID
8906:PMID
8865:PMID
8816:PMID
8778:PMID
8662:PMID
8610:PMID
8567:PMID
8532:PMID
8491:PMID
8450:PMID
8419:PMID
8357:PMID
8315:PMID
8297:JAMA
8274:OCLC
8264:ISBN
8242:PMID
8207:PMID
8172:PMID
8127:PMID
8090:PMID
8055:PMID
8028:PMID
8005:2022
7976:PMID
7958:ISSN
7912:ISBN
7886:2022
7875:PMID
7848:PMID
7799:PMID
7756:PMID
7714:PMID
7692:2015
7665:PMID
7622:PMID
7587:PMID
7552:PMID
7516:PMID
7489:PMID
7448:PMID
7430:ISSN
7389:PMID
7367:2018
7332:PMID
7289:PMID
7224:PMID
7193:2021
7167:2012
7137:PMID
7075:PMID
7037:ISBN
7014:PMID
6996:ISSN
6957:PMID
6939:ISSN
6927:2016
6892:PMID
6857:PMID
6822:PMID
6787:PMID
6738:PMID
6720:ISSN
6680:PMID
6631:PMID
6596:PMID
6569:PMID
6502:PMID
6467:PMID
6438:ISBN
6411:ISBN
6386:PMID
6329:PMID
6236:PMID
6201:PMID
6183:ISSN
6136:PMID
6101:PMID
6050:ISBN
6019:PMID
5963:ISBN
5930:ISBN
5887:PMID
5850:ISBN
5809:PMID
5755:PMID
5747:ISSN
5708:PMID
5673:PMID
5630:PMID
5595:PMID
5545:2009
5510:PMID
5469:PMID
5421:PMID
5327:ISBN
5285:PMID
5240:2018
5214:2014
5176:PMID
5132:PMID
5095:ISBN
5064:PMID
5056:ISSN
5017:PMID
4977:PMID
4928:PMID
4879:PMID
4835:PMID
4775:PMID
4731:PMID
4687:PMID
4635:PMID
4608:PMID
4558:PMID
4518:PMID
4491:PMID
4442:PMID
4385:PMID
4344:PMID
4315:ISBN
4286:ISBN
4259:PMID
4216:ISBN
4191:ISBN
4155:ISBN
4111:PMID
4089:2017
4019:PMID
3960:PMID
3942:Cell
3919:PMID
3700:and
3653:and
3487:Bari
3383:and
3208:The
3067:and
3027:and
2914:, a
2875:NFκB
2792:The
2761:MOPP
2657:and
2639:and
2583:and
2484:and
2476:and
2313:and
2220:and
2173:and
2108:and
2042:, a
1929:and
1874:and
1758:and
1629:and
1612:and
1601:and
1561:and
1531:and
1512:and
1482:and
1389:and
1339:and
1328:and
1316:are
1290:and
1242:and
1209:and
1174:and
1158:and
1117:and
1070:and
1050:and
1038:and
1014:and
950:and
883:and
727:All
574:CAV
520:ECX
502:ECF
479:BEP
385:TAC
348:CMF
258:and
154:for
118:and
15351:ATC
15089:and
14848:and
14017:ALK
13917:Src
13792:RET
13766:ALK
13216:),
13206:),
13166:),
13151:CD3
13007:L01
12849:TNM
12503:doi
12468:doi
12427:PMC
12417:doi
12378:doi
12374:232
12350:doi
12322:doi
12276:doi
12235:PMC
12227:doi
12223:245
12186:PMC
12170:doi
12166:245
12102:PMC
12092:doi
12045:doi
12008:PMC
11992:doi
11951:doi
11907:doi
11863:PMC
11855:doi
11814:doi
11772:doi
11696:doi
11661:doi
11657:212
11629:doi
11528:doi
11504:WHO
11444:PMC
11428:doi
11328:PMC
11312:doi
11255:doi
11147:doi
11102:PMC
11094:doi
11015:doi
10972:doi
10932:PMC
10924:doi
10882:doi
10836:doi
10798:PMC
10790:doi
10746:doi
10702:PMC
10694:doi
10646:doi
10601:doi
10560:PMC
10544:doi
10540:108
10497:doi
10485:301
10454:doi
10450:263
10394:doi
10382:278
10349:PMC
10341:doi
10292:doi
10288:100
10245:doi
10202:doi
10155:doi
10091:PMC
10075:doi
10034:PMC
10024:doi
9977:doi
9973:135
9933:PMC
9925:doi
9878:doi
9841:doi
9785:doi
9738:doi
9703:doi
9658:doi
9617:doi
9576:PMC
9568:doi
9564:367
9527:PMC
9519:doi
9478:PMC
9462:doi
9429:PMC
9411:doi
9378:PMC
9370:doi
9329:PMC
9321:doi
9280:PMC
9272:doi
9231:PMC
9223:doi
9219:219
9182:PMC
9174:doi
9133:doi
9094:doi
9051:doi
9009:doi
8966:doi
8896:doi
8855:doi
8808:doi
8652:doi
8600:doi
8559:doi
8522:doi
8481:doi
8442:doi
8409:hdl
8399:doi
8349:doi
8305:doi
8301:297
8234:doi
8199:doi
8164:doi
8119:doi
8082:doi
7966:PMC
7948:doi
7904:doi
7838:PMC
7830:doi
7791:doi
7746:doi
7704:PMC
7696:doi
7657:doi
7614:doi
7579:doi
7544:doi
7479:doi
7438:PMC
7420:doi
7379:PMC
7371:doi
7324:doi
7281:doi
7216:doi
7186:FDA
7127:PMC
7119:doi
7067:doi
7004:PMC
6988:doi
6984:170
6947:PMC
6931:doi
6884:doi
6849:doi
6814:doi
6777:PMC
6769:doi
6728:PMC
6712:doi
6670:PMC
6662:doi
6623:doi
6559:PMC
6549:doi
6494:doi
6376:PMC
6368:doi
6319:doi
6271:doi
6228:doi
6191:PMC
6175:doi
6128:doi
6091:PMC
6083:doi
6009:PMC
5999:doi
5922:doi
5879:doi
5799:doi
5739:doi
5700:doi
5665:doi
5622:doi
5585:PMC
5577:doi
5573:109
5500:doi
5459:doi
5411:PMC
5403:doi
5367:doi
5319:doi
5277:doi
5168:doi
5124:doi
5048:doi
5009:doi
4967:PMC
4959:doi
4920:doi
4871:doi
4825:doi
4765:doi
4721:doi
4677:PMC
4669:doi
4598:hdl
4590:doi
4550:doi
4481:PMC
4473:doi
4469:375
4432:PMC
4424:doi
4375:doi
4249:doi
4101:PMC
4093:doi
4057:doi
4009:PMC
4001:doi
3950:doi
3946:108
3909:PMC
3899:doi
3698:DNA
3583:of
3107:or
2958:in
2815:or
2747:),
2732:or
2720:),
2469:).
2157:),
1990:In
1982:or
1937:or
1914:).
1789:or
1405:),
952:DNA
948:RNA
362:AC
270:),
130:or
120:CTx
116:CTX
15441::
15226:/
15024:,
14874::
14863:QI
14861:,
14857:,
14834:/
14495:/
14442:/
13849:,
13819:,
13807:,
13679:,
13618::
13513::
13234::
13162:,
13158:,
13148::
13066:,
13039::
13016:CI
13001:/
12603:,
12551:,
12542:,
12517:.
12509:.
12499:18
12497:.
12474:.
12464:22
12462:.
12458:.
12435:.
12425:.
12411:.
12407:.
12384:.
12372:.
12344:.
12316:.
12292:.
12284:.
12272:23
12270:.
12266:.
12243:.
12233:.
12221:.
12217:.
12194:.
12184:.
12176:.
12164:.
12160:.
12135:16
12133:.
12110:.
12100:.
12088:23
12086:.
12082:.
12059:.
12051:.
12041:13
12039:.
12016:.
12006:.
11998:.
11986:.
11982:.
11959:.
11947:17
11945:.
11941:.
11929:^
11915:.
11903:14
11901:.
11897:.
11885:^
11871:.
11861:.
11851:37
11849:.
11845:.
11822:.
11810:68
11808:.
11804:.
11792:^
11778:.
11766:.
11741:.
11739:71
11710:.
11702:.
11690:.
11667:.
11655:.
11641:^
11625:72
11623:.
11619:.
11542:.
11534:.
11524:14
11522:.
11502:.
11452:.
11442:.
11434:.
11424:10
11422:.
11418:.
11387:.
11366:.
11350:^
11336:.
11326:.
11318:.
11308:56
11306:.
11302:.
11245:^
11227:.
11223:.
11193:.
11175:^
11161:.
11153:.
11145:.
11133:.
11110:.
11100:.
11090:15
11088:.
11084:.
11029:.
11021:.
11011:40
11009:.
10986:.
10978:.
10968:12
10966:.
10954:^
10940:.
10930:.
10918:.
10914:.
10902:^
10888:.
10876:.
10864:^
10850:.
10842:.
10832:25
10830:.
10806:.
10796:.
10786:60
10784:.
10780:.
10768:^
10754:.
10742:96
10740:.
10736:.
10724:^
10710:.
10700:.
10690:44
10688:.
10684:.
10660:.
10652:.
10642:17
10640:.
10617:.
10609:.
10595:.
10591:.
10568:.
10558:.
10550:.
10538:.
10534:.
10511:.
10503:.
10495:.
10483:.
10460:.
10448:.
10400:.
10392:.
10380:.
10357:.
10347:.
10335:.
10331:.
10308:.
10300:.
10286:.
10282:.
10259:.
10251:.
10239:.
10216:.
10208:.
10196:.
10192:.
10169:.
10161:.
10149:.
10124:77
10122:.
10099:.
10089:.
10081:.
10071:12
10069:.
10065:.
10042:.
10032:.
10018:.
10014:.
9991:.
9983:.
9971:.
9967:.
9941:.
9931:.
9921:15
9919:.
9915:.
9892:.
9884:.
9874:15
9872:.
9849:.
9837:14
9835:.
9831:.
9793:.
9781:95
9779:.
9775:.
9752:.
9744:.
9732:.
9709:.
9699:25
9697:.
9674:.
9666:.
9652:.
9648:.
9625:.
9613:13
9611:.
9607:.
9584:.
9574:.
9562:.
9558:.
9535:.
9525:.
9513:.
9509:.
9486:.
9476:.
9468:.
9458:14
9456:.
9452:.
9427:.
9417:.
9386:.
9376:.
9364:.
9360:.
9337:.
9327:.
9315:.
9311:.
9288:.
9278:.
9266:.
9262:.
9239:.
9229:.
9217:.
9213:.
9190:.
9180:.
9170:30
9168:.
9164:.
9141:.
9129:16
9127:.
9123:.
9100:.
9090:33
9088:.
9065:.
9057:.
9045:.
9041:.
9015:.
9005:17
9003:.
8980:.
8972:.
8960:.
8927:,
8904:.
8892:22
8890:.
8886:.
8863:.
8851:99
8849:.
8845:.
8822:.
8814:.
8804:13
8802:.
8790:^
8774:70
8772:.
8768:.
8744:12
8742:.
8738:.
8716:.
8712:.
8700:^
8691:,
8660:.
8646:.
8642:.
8622:^
8608:.
8596:87
8594:.
8590:.
8573:.
8565:.
8553:.
8530:.
8518:20
8516:.
8512:.
8489:.
8477:28
8475:.
8471:.
8448:.
8417:.
8407:.
8395:18
8393:.
8389:.
8377:^
8363:.
8355:.
8345:46
8343:.
8327:^
8313:.
8299:.
8295:.
8272:.
8240:.
8230:67
8228:.
8205:.
8195:28
8193:.
8170:.
8160:17
8158:.
8133:.
8125:.
8115:14
8113:.
8088:.
8078:16
8076:.
8051:10
8049:.
8024:69
8022:.
7996:.
7974:.
7964:.
7956:.
7942:.
7938:.
7920:.
7910:.
7869:,
7846:.
7836:.
7826:11
7824:.
7820:.
7797:.
7787:87
7785:.
7762:.
7754:.
7740:.
7736:.
7712:.
7702:.
7690:.
7686:.
7663:.
7651:.
7628:.
7620:.
7610:99
7608:.
7585:.
7575:46
7573:.
7550:.
7538:.
7512:20
7510:.
7487:.
7475:91
7473:.
7469:.
7446:.
7436:.
7428:.
7416:23
7414:.
7410:.
7387:.
7377:.
7365:.
7361:.
7338:.
7330:.
7320:14
7318:.
7295:.
7287:.
7277:32
7275:.
7263:^
7253:.
7230:.
7222:.
7212:22
7210:.
7184:.
7135:.
7125:.
7113:.
7109:.
7095:^
7081:.
7073:.
7063:18
7061:.
7012:.
7002:.
6994:.
6982:.
6978:.
6955:.
6945:.
6937:.
6925:.
6921:.
6898:.
6890:.
6880:39
6878:.
6855:.
6843:.
6820:.
6810:17
6808:.
6785:.
6775:.
6765:15
6763:.
6759:.
6736:.
6726:.
6718:.
6708:52
6706:.
6702:.
6678:.
6668:.
6658:21
6656:.
6652:.
6629:.
6617:.
6592:19
6590:.
6567:.
6557:.
6547:.
6537:82
6535:.
6531:.
6508:.
6500:.
6490:56
6488:.
6461:.
6384:.
6374:.
6362:.
6358:.
6335:.
6327:.
6315:20
6313:.
6309:.
6265:.
6242:.
6234:.
6222:.
6199:.
6189:.
6181:.
6173:.
6161:.
6157:.
6134:.
6124:52
6122:.
6099:.
6089:.
6077:.
6073:.
6044:.
6040:.
6017:.
6007:.
5995:17
5993:.
5989:.
5977:^
5957:.
5953:.
5928:.
5885:.
5875:11
5873:.
5848:.
5807:.
5795:76
5793:.
5789:.
5775:^
5761:.
5753:.
5745:.
5735:12
5733:.
5729:.
5706:.
5696:52
5694:.
5671:.
5661:63
5659:.
5636:.
5628:.
5618:10
5616:.
5593:.
5583:.
5571:.
5567:.
5553:^
5508:.
5496:36
5494:.
5490:.
5467:.
5453:.
5449:.
5433:^
5419:.
5409:.
5399:27
5397:.
5393:.
5379:^
5363:36
5361:.
5341:^
5325:.
5305:^
5291:.
5283:.
5273:29
5271:.
5182:.
5174:.
5164:36
5162:.
5138:.
5130:.
5120:36
5118:.
5070:.
5062:.
5054:.
5044:56
5042:.
5038:.
5015:.
5005:35
5003:.
4989:^
4975:.
4965:.
4955:17
4953:.
4949:.
4926:.
4916:11
4914:.
4891:^
4877:.
4867:10
4865:.
4841:.
4833:.
4821:26
4819:.
4815:.
4787:^
4773:.
4761:94
4759:.
4755:.
4743:^
4729:.
4717:30
4715:.
4711:.
4699:^
4685:.
4675:.
4665:86
4663:.
4659:.
4647:^
4631:18
4629:.
4606:.
4596:.
4586:19
4584:.
4570:^
4556:.
4546:38
4544:.
4530:^
4512:.
4489:.
4479:.
4467:.
4463:.
4440:.
4430:.
4420:75
4418:.
4414:.
4391:.
4383:.
4371:87
4369:.
4365:.
4340:26
4338:.
4257:.
4245:11
4243:.
4239:.
4169:^
4123:^
4109:.
4099:.
4087:.
4083:.
4069:^
4053:36
4051:.
4031:^
4017:.
4007:.
3997:27
3995:.
3989:.
3966:.
3958:.
3944:.
3940:.
3917:.
3907:.
3895:15
3893:.
3889:.
3877:^
3725:.
3712:,
3708:,
3696:,
3692:,
3668:.
3524:+
3375:,
3355:A
3228:,
3224:,
3099:.
3063:,
2989:.
2833:.
2691:.
2673:.
2653:,
2643:.
2635:,
2615:,
2611:,
2579:,
2563:,
2514:,
2510:,
2309:,
2305:,
2301:,
2297:,
2293:,
2203:.
2191:,
2141:,
2096:,
2092:,
2088:,
2050:,
2046:,
2038:,
2034:,
1970:,
1910:,
1906:,
1882:.
1870:.
1862:,
1818:.
1807:.
1746:,
1735:,
1731:,
1689:.
1660:.
1637:,
1605:.
1557:,
1553:,
1486:.
1448:.
1425:.
1369:,
1294:.
1278:,
1274:,
1270:,
1266:,
1262:,
1258:,
1254:,
1202:.
1170:,
1086:,
1082:,
1066:,
1058:,
1046:,
1010:,
1006:,
1002:,
998:,
990:,
986:,
982:,
978:,
946:,
899:.
759:.
678:,
663:.
643:,
639:,
635:,
631:,
612:,
591:,
587:,
568:,
564:,
560:,
541:,
537:,
533:,
514:,
510:,
496:,
492:,
473:,
469:,
450:,
446:,
442:,
423:,
419:,
415:,
401:,
397:,
393:,
379:,
375:,
356:,
342:,
338:,
334:,
294:,
290:,
286:,
254:,
238:.
230:,
215:.
164:.
15357:)
15355:V
15353:(
15328:)
15326:S
15324:(
15310:1
15308:H
15286:)
15284:R
15282:(
15098:)
15096:N
15094:(
15038:)
15036:M
15034:(
15028:,
14993:)
14989:(
14941:)
14937:(
14882:)
14878:(
14865:)
14859:P
14855:J
14853:(
14798:)
14796:H
14794:(
14758:)
14756:G
14754:(
14713:)
14711:D
14709:(
14599:)
14597:C
14595:(
14535:)
14533:B
14469:2
14467:H
14450:)
14448:A
14446:(
14422:e
14415:t
14408:v
14139:)
14135:(
14123:)
14119:(
14103:)
14099:(
14015:-
13929:)
13920:(
13675:(
13667:)
13628:(
13583:)
13519:(
13270:)
13266:(
13244:)
13240:(
13226:)
13222:(
13212:(
13172:(
13154:(
13136:/
13125:)
13121:(
13113:)
13104:(
13085:)
13074:)
13070:(
13062:(
13054:)
13045:(
13009:)
13005:(
12991:e
12984:t
12977:v
12899:/
12839:/
12592:e
12585:t
12578:v
12525:.
12505::
12482:.
12470::
12443:.
12419::
12413:9
12392:.
12380::
12356:.
12352::
12346:4
12328:.
12324::
12318:4
12300:.
12278::
12251:.
12229::
12202:.
12172::
12145:.
12118:.
12094::
12067:.
12047::
12024:.
11994::
11988:8
11967:.
11953::
11923:.
11909::
11879:.
11857::
11830:.
11816::
11786:.
11774::
11768:9
11751:.
11718:.
11698::
11692:5
11675:.
11663::
11635:.
11631::
11604:.
11577:.
11550:.
11530::
11506:.
11485:.
11460:.
11430::
11403:.
11344:.
11314::
11287:.
11263:.
11257::
11239:.
11209:.
11169:.
11149::
11141::
11118:.
11096::
11069:.
11037:.
11017::
10994:.
10974::
10948:.
10926::
10896:.
10884::
10878:2
10858:.
10838::
10814:.
10792::
10762:.
10748::
10718:.
10696::
10668:.
10648::
10625:.
10603::
10597:8
10576:.
10546::
10519:.
10499::
10491::
10468:.
10456::
10433:.
10408:.
10396::
10388::
10365:.
10343::
10337:9
10316:.
10294::
10267:.
10247::
10241:9
10224:.
10204::
10198:6
10177:.
10157::
10151:2
10134:.
10107:.
10077::
10050:.
10026::
10020:3
9999:.
9979::
9949:.
9927::
9900:.
9880::
9857:.
9843::
9801:.
9787::
9760:.
9740::
9734:6
9717:.
9705::
9682:.
9660::
9654:5
9633:.
9619::
9592:.
9570::
9543:.
9521::
9494:.
9464::
9437:.
9413::
9394:.
9372::
9345:.
9323::
9296:.
9274::
9268:1
9247:.
9225::
9198:.
9176::
9149:.
9135::
9108:.
9096::
9073:.
9053::
9047:6
9023:.
9011::
8988:.
8968::
8962:9
8912:.
8898::
8871:.
8857::
8830:.
8810::
8784:.
8718:7
8695:.
8668:.
8654::
8648:7
8616:.
8602::
8581:.
8561::
8555:6
8538:.
8524::
8497:.
8483::
8456:.
8444::
8425:.
8411::
8401::
8371:.
8351::
8321:.
8307::
8280:.
8248:.
8236::
8213:.
8201::
8178:.
8166::
8141:.
8121::
8096:.
8084::
8061:.
8034:.
8007:.
7982:.
7950::
7944:9
7906::
7854:.
7832::
7805:.
7793::
7770:.
7748::
7742:8
7720:.
7698::
7671:.
7659::
7636:.
7616::
7593:.
7581::
7558:.
7546::
7540:6
7522:.
7495:.
7481::
7454:.
7422::
7395:.
7373::
7346:.
7326::
7303:.
7283::
7257:.
7238:.
7218::
7195:.
7169:.
7143:.
7121::
7115:1
7089:.
7069::
7045:.
7020:.
6990::
6963:.
6933::
6906:.
6886::
6863:.
6851::
6845:7
6828:.
6816::
6793:.
6771::
6744:.
6714::
6686:.
6664::
6637:.
6625::
6619:1
6602:.
6575:.
6551::
6543::
6516:.
6496::
6473:.
6463:7
6446:.
6419:.
6392:.
6370::
6364:9
6343:.
6321::
6277:.
6273::
6267:3
6250:.
6230::
6224:5
6207:.
6177::
6169::
6163:5
6142:.
6130::
6107:.
6085::
6079:5
6058:.
6025:.
6001::
5971:.
5938:.
5924::
5893:.
5881::
5858:.
5828:"
5815:.
5801::
5769:.
5741::
5714:.
5702::
5679:.
5667::
5644:.
5624::
5601:.
5579::
5547:.
5516:.
5502::
5475:.
5461::
5455:2
5427:.
5405::
5373:.
5369::
5335:.
5321::
5299:.
5279::
5242:.
5216:.
5190:.
5170::
5146:.
5126::
5103:.
5078:.
5050::
5023:.
5011::
4983:.
4961::
4934:.
4922::
4885:.
4873::
4849:.
4827::
4781:.
4767::
4737:.
4723::
4693:.
4671::
4641:.
4614:.
4600::
4592::
4564:.
4552::
4524:.
4514:5
4497:.
4475::
4448:.
4426::
4399:.
4377::
4350:.
4323:.
4294:.
4265:.
4251::
4224:.
4199:.
4163:.
4117:.
4095::
4063:.
4059::
4025:.
4003::
3974:.
3952::
3925:.
3901::
3534:(
3522:-
3184:)
3180:(
3169:.
2973:(
1898:(
1470:(
1462:(
1166:(
1154:(
1125:.
686:.
146:(
100:]
54:.
41:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.