27:
791:(31 U.S.C. note prec. 1341): Certain provisions of this subchapter and subchapter II of chapter 15 of this title were originally enacted as section 3679 of the Revised Statutes, popularly known as the Anti-Deficiency Act. That section was repealed as part of the general revision of this title by Pub. L. 97–258, and its provisions restated in sections 1341, 1342, 1349 to 1351, and 1511 to 1519 of this title.
598:
The "Antideficiency Act" actually includes provisions of Title 31 that are not always associated with the principal provision of the Act which is found at 31 USC 1341. Thus, the ADA also includes 31 USC 1342, a provision which prohibits voluntary services. It also includes 31 USC 1501–1519,
587:... that it shall not be lawful for any department of the government to expend in any one fiscal year any sum in excess of appropriations made by Congress for that fiscal year, or to involve the government in any contract for the future payment of money in excess of such appropriations.
698:
Although the ADA and its predecessors are over 120 years old, no one has ever been convicted or indicted for its violation. However, agreements have been changed and reported due to ADA violations, and punitive administrative actions are routinely taken against government employees.
546:
from entering into a contract that is not "fully funded" because doing so would obligate the government in the absence of an appropriation adequate to the needs of the contract. Accordingly, it is often cited during U.S.
583:. Some went as far as to spend their entire budget in the first few months of the fiscal year, funding the rest of the year after the fact with additional appropriations from Congress. The act provided:
1033:
639:
The Act was amended and expanded several times, most significantly in 1905 and 1906. It was further modified by an executive order in 1933 and significantly revamped in 1950 (64
37:
An Act to revise, codify, and enact without substantive change certain general and permanent laws, related to money and finance, as title 31, United States Code, "Money and
Finance".
599:
provisions which require that appropriated funds be subdivided, "apportioned", and "allocated" before any of the appropriated funds can be expended by the
Executive Branch.
695:, and individual agencies investigate potential violations of the Antideficiency Act every year. The act has ramifications for agencies and individual employees alike.
819:
751:
766:
761:
1043:
741:
864:
559:
The
Antideficiency Act has evolved over time in response to various abuses. The earliest version of the legislation was enacted in 1870 (16
411:
756:
746:
736:
407:
672:
1013:
845:
720:
730:
703:
548:
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895:
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679:"), which provides that "No money shall be drawn from the treasury, but in consequence of appropriations made by law."
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to prevent the incurring of obligations or the making of expenditures (outlays) in excess of amounts available in
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or funds. The law was initially enacted in 1884, with major amendments occurring in 1950 (64
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579:, would intentionally run out of money, obligating Congress to provide additional funds to avoid
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26:
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when
Congress misses a deadline for passing an interim or full-year appropriations bill.
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in monthly installments and criminal penalties were imposed for violations.
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820:"The Odd Story of the Law That Dictates How Government Shutdowns Work"
607:
The earliest version of the legislation was enacted in 1870 (16
926:
Inspector
General of the U.S. Department of Commerce (March 2005).
847:
Free Course Book for Course 3: Statutory Law and
Intelligence 2011
789:
subchapter III of chapter 13 of Title 31 of the United States Code
671:
To some extent, but not entirely, it implements the provisions of
647:). The current version was enacted on September 12, 1982 (96
551:
as a reason for the closure of certain departments or facilities.
1019:. United States Office of Personnel Management. October 4, 2013.
893:
Government
Operations In The Event Of A Lapse In Appropriations
591:
Amendments in 1905 and 1906 mandated all appropriations to be
1034:
United States federal government administration legislation
45:
Money and
Finance Enactment as title 31, United States Code
425:
on August 20, 1982 (unanimous consent) with amendment
971:
800:
571:, to end the executive branch's long history of creating
535:. The Act was previously enacted as section 3679 of the
429:
Senate agreed to Senate
Committee on Judiciary amendment
241:§§ 5101–5103, 5111–5122, 5131–5133, 5141–5144, 5151–5155
871:. U.S. Government Accountability Office. Archived from
985:. Vol. 2. Diane Publishing. pp. 6-9–6-99.
617:
460:
1025:
813:
811:
809:
843:
161:§§ 701–704, 711–720, 731–736, 751–755, 771–779
806:
673:Article One of the United States Constitution
191:§§ 1501–1503, 1511–1519, 1531–1537, 1551–1557
1044:Government procurement in the United States
721:Government procurement in the United States
666:
431:on August 20, 1982 (passed voice vote)
919:
904:
419:on August 9, 1982 (passed voice vote)
731:Government shutdowns in the United States
982:Principles of Federal Appropriations Law
423:Passed the Senate Committee on Judiciary
221:§§ 3501, 3511–3514, 3521–3532, 3541–3545
1026:
910:
602:
817:
702:The ADA is cited as the reason for a
20:Antideficiency Act Amendments of 1982
915:. Management Concepts. p. 112.
13:
965:
949:. Government Accountability Office
913:The Antideficiency ACT Answer Book
622:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
575:. Many agencies, particularly the
465:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
231:§§ 3701–3702, 3711–3715, 3721–3731
211:§§ 3301–3305, 3321–3333, 3341–3343
181:§§ 1301–1310, 1321–1324, 1341–1351
14:
1055:
1014:"Guidance for Shutdown Furloughs"
1000:
944:"Antideficiency Act Reports 2010"
726:Impoundment of appropriated funds
636:) was initially enacted in 1884.
689:Government Accountability Office
25:
865:"Antideficiency Act Background"
1007:Full text of Public Law 97-258
936:
929:Semi Annual Report to Congress
886:
857:
837:
801:General Accounting Office 1982
781:
682:
1:
774:
554:
16:Act of United States Congress
818:Cohen, Andrew (2013-09-28).
675:, Section 9, Clause 7 (the "
112:31 U.S.C.: Money and Finance
7:
911:Arnold, William G. (2009).
709:
615:). The Antideficiency Act (
55:97th United States Congress
10:
1060:
716:Taxing and Spending Clause
973:General Accounting Office
898:January 28, 2011, at the
655:). It is now codified at
507:). It is now codified at
377:
368:
117:
107:
102:
83:
73:
68:
60:
49:
41:
33:
24:
977:"The Antideficiency Act"
667:Constitutional authority
544:U.S. federal government
404:Committee consideration
251:§§ 5301–5304, 5311–5322
201:§§ 3101–3113, 3121–3129
118:U.S.C. sections amended
932:. p. 37 (PDF 42).
589:
542:The ADA prohibits the
485:United States Congress
585:
573:coercive deficiencies
441:on September 13, 1982
1039:1884 in American law
844:Jordan, David Alan.
549:government shutdowns
499:) and 1982 (96
390:Peter W. Rodino, Jr.
704:government shutdown
603:Legislative history
581:breaching contracts
400:) on April 21, 1982
371:Legislative history
151:§§ 501–503, 521–522
141:§§ 301–309, 321–331
21:
693:inspectors general
677:power of the purse
452:Antideficiency Act
64:September 13, 1982
19:
448:
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86:Statutes at Large
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826:. Atlantic Media
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742:1981, 1984, 1986
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537:Revised Statutes
466:
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417:Passed the House
412:Senate Judiciary
384:in the House as
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483:enacted by the
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1001:External links
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877:. Retrieved
873:the original
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839:
828:. Retrieved
824:The Atlantic
823:
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787:See note to
783:
701:
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541:
529:§§ 1511
521:§§ 1349
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381:
361:§§ 9701–9702
351:§§ 9501–9504
341:§§ 9301–9309
331:§§ 9101–9109
321:§§ 7301–7305
311:§§ 7101–7112
301:§§ 6901–6906
291:§§ 6701–6724
281:§§ 6501–6508
271:§§ 6301–6308
261:§§ 6101–6105
171:§§ 1101–1114
103:Codification
683:Enforcement
661:§ 1341
593:apportioned
517:§ 1342
513:§ 1341
481:legislation
1028:Categories
953:20 January
879:2013-10-05
830:2019-02-18
775:References
628:, 96
555:Provisions
471:, 96
382:Introduced
131:§§ 101–103
74:Public law
34:Long title
767:2018–2019
752:1995–1996
569:Civil War
355:31 U.S.C.
345:31 U.S.C.
335:31 U.S.C.
325:31 U.S.C.
315:31 U.S.C.
305:31 U.S.C.
295:31 U.S.C.
285:31 U.S.C.
275:31 U.S.C.
265:31 U.S.C.
255:31 U.S.C.
245:31 U.S.C.
235:31 U.S.C.
225:31 U.S.C.
215:31 U.S.C.
205:31 U.S.C.
195:31 U.S.C.
185:31 U.S.C.
175:31 U.S.C.
165:31 U.S.C.
155:31 U.S.C.
145:31 U.S.C.
135:31 U.S.C.
125:31 U.S.C.
69:Citations
61:Effective
42:Nicknames
975:(1982).
896:Archived
869:U.S. GAO
762:Jan 2018
710:See also
577:military
91:96
618:Pub. L.
461:Pub. L.
989:
659:
651:
643:
632:
626:97–258
624:
611:
563:
511:
503:
495:
475:
469:97–258
467:
359:ch. 97
349:ch. 95
339:ch. 93
329:ch. 91
319:ch. 73
309:ch. 71
299:ch. 69
289:ch. 67
279:ch. 65
269:ch. 63
259:ch. 61
249:ch. 53
239:ch. 51
229:ch. 37
219:ch. 35
209:ch. 33
199:ch. 31
189:ch. 15
179:ch. 13
169:ch. 11
95:
78:97–258
1017:(PDF)
1009:(PDF)
947:(PDF)
851:(PDF)
649:Stat.
641:Stat.
630:Stat.
609:Stat.
561:Stat.
501:Stat.
493:Stat.
479:) is
473:Stat.
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159:ch. 7
157:
149:ch. 5
147:
139:ch. 3
137:
129:ch. 1
127:
93:Stat.
987:ISBN
955:2012
757:2013
747:1990
737:1980
687:The
533:1519
527:and
525:1351
450:The
53:the
653:923
645:765
634:923
613:251
565:251
505:923
497:765
477:923
458:) (
456:ADA
406:by
388:by
97:877
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979:.
867:.
822:.
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519:,
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882:.
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