27:
254:, was continued by the 13th-century copy of the Antiphonary of the Abbey of Fécamp (Rouen, Bibliothèque municipale, Ms. 254, olim A.190). Thus, the destination of the Tonary of Saint-Bénigne is still a matter of discussion. On the other hand, customs of St. Bénigne like the liturgy for the patron can also be found in other Abbeys as Fécamp and Bernay, and the tonaries of Dijon (Montpellier, Ms. H159), of Fécamp (Rouen, Ms. 244, olim A.261), and of Jumièges (Rouen, Ms. 248, olim A.339) are so consistent that they can be regarded as documents of one school which can be ascribed to William of Volpiano.
291:
400:
217:, but studies of his liturgical reform especially of the Office chant for FĂ©camp did not confirm, that he just removed local in favour of Cluniac customs. Within the reform and the history of Norman monasticism, the reform of William of Volpiano was neither the beginning nor its climax, as a reformer he had to find a balance between local needs and problems and certain interests of the Cluniac Abbot, of the Pope, and of the Norman patrons, whose founding activities cultivated a new form of policy. William contributed to this history with the foundation of an own school.
1749:
1739:
395:
As an example might serve the
Introitus "Repleatur os meum" used as a refrain for Psalm 70 during the procession into the church, at the beginning of the morning Mass on Saturday before Pentecost. The introit was written in the first part of the antiphons and is quite at the beginning of the deuterus
387:
The third level of division are the eight parts according to the oktoechos in the order of autentus protus, plagi proti, autentus deuterus etc. In the first part, every tonal section has all introits according to the liturgical year cycle and then all communions according to the liturgical order. The
344:
for Palm Sunday, St. Blasius and St. Hylarius in the conventional liturgical order, but with tonal rubrics. The last leaf was added from another book to use the blank versoside for additions on the last pages written by other hands, chant notated in adiastematic neumes but without alphabetic notation
523:), developed a new diastematic neume notation which allowed to indicate the ligatures, even if they were separated by the vertical disposition according to their pitch class. His innovation was imitated by Italian cantors, first in Northern Italy than in other reform centres of the 11th century like
495:
William of
Volpiano's innovation of the notation system did not change the habits of central French neume notation, it just added an own alphabetic pitch notation. Often it was not clear how the letters refer to the neumes. Letter groups usually refer to the group of a ligature, but sometimes neumes
302:
This alphabetic pitch notation not only offers insights into microtonal shifts used by the cantors of this local school, it proves that the common projection of the piano keyboard on the medieval tone system is inadequate. Like many other letter systems used since the 8th century, also the system of
237:
in 1023. These administrative changes were caused by the establishment of monastic centres during certain periods, in which some Abbeys were no longer guided by an abbot, but by a prior of the community who was often called "custos", and several new foundations did not always start as an Abbey, they
486:
The style of
William of Volpiano's tonary which follows, is unique, and Michel Huglo called it one of the finest tonaries which survived in the manuscript collections today. The scribe used red ink for the chant text and different colours to decorate its initials, while the neume and the alphabetic
316:
that the diesis sharpens the usual tonus between re-mi (a-b; d-e; g-h or h-i) with the proportion 9:8 by a proportion of 7:6 (a-˫; d-˧; g-Γ or h-˥). Guido's explanation, how to find this interval at the monochord, made it already evident that the diesis, taken from the "enharmonic" division of the
220:
According to VĂ©ronique Gazeau he did not spend too much time in
Normandy during the period about 30 years of his Norman activities, but nevertheless his school could be established, because he ordained his students as abbots. He was not only Abbot at Fécamp, but also at Jumièges between 1015 and
199:
William's reforms were not only concerned with liturgy and the new design of local chant books, but also with the construction of new churches and buildings for abandoned abbeys, with canon law, with the organization of grammar schools and even rural communities of
Normandy. It was typical for a
887:
One of the earliest
Southern French testimonies of local melodic neume notation («notation protoaquitaine») can be found in a gradual written about 890 (Albi, Bibliothèque municipale Rochegude, Ms. 44), where only 27 pieces have musical notation and usually only in some parts. Nevertheless, the
534:
After the first generation of fully notated neume manuscripts written since the early 10th century, the particular notation system represent a transition between the adiastematic and diastematic neumes. During the 11th century a lot of local traditions, different from the chant repertory of the
183:
already emphasized the need for a reform of monasticism in
Southern Italy and to abandon local liturgies in favour of the Roman rite, a kind of second Carolingian reform, and he already wished to "liberate" Arab Sicily and to organize church provinces of the island which was mainly populated by
145:
Only this manuscript was written during the time of
William by the same hand as several other manuscripts of the Library of the Medical Faculty of Montpellier (today "Bibliothèque interuniversitaire de Médecin") which all belong to St. Bénigne. It is not known, whether it was really written by
249:
Only few writings by
William have survived in the Abbey of FĂ©camp, but it is not always easy to decide, if the collection of Montpellier which belonged obviously to the library of the Abbey St. Benignus of Dijon, had this Abbey as destination. Michel Huglo remarked that the last part of the
150:
in fourteen chapters written by his disciple, the
Burgundian monk Raoul Glaber in 1031, and revised probably by demand of the later Abbot John of FĂ©camp during the late 11th century. William was born as son of the Alemannic Duke Robert of Volpiano at the citadel of his family on the
238:
were subordinated to older abbeys. These monastic centres which had the control over various monasteries including former abbeys, were used to control new foundations as well as to obey liturgical and administrative reforms. This practice was continued after William's death,
204:
to get one of the most prestigious positions as a cantor and to continue as a reforming abbot in another Abbey, which was subjected to this powerful and ambitious Abbey. As Abbot of St. Benignus William reformed several monasteries of Burgundy, Lorraine and the
795:
fonds lat., Ms. 1085), the only difference is that every chant is just represented by an incipit and that the tonal classification is a Latin ordinal according to the system of Hucbald (tonus I-VIII). William of Volpiano followed also here the shape of another
392:. The only difference is, that every chant is not represented by an incipit, it is fully notated in neumes and in alphabetic notation as well. Thanks to this manuscript, even cantors who do not know the chant, can memorize the melody together with its tonus.
506:
was an important protagonist among the local abbots, but his alphabetic notation was only used over the following centuries in the Norman monasteries of his school, but never in the later Italo-Norman manuscripts which were rather influenced by the
303:
William of Volpiano represented the positions of the Boethian diagram, and the enharmonic signs used for the dieses represented not a change into another genus, but microtonal attractions within the diatonic melos of a certain mode.
672:) which proves that he "corrected" chants as Raoul Glaber called it, and he also added own compositions which can only found in the two manuscripts, but he also respected certain customs of the local school.
423:
no. "ii", follows the antiphon. The antiphons of the entrance (introits) have the gradual order of the Mass as a rubric at the margin (on a verso page as here: left), i.e. the serial for the day with
2071:
3773:
246:
were controlled by one abbot between 1052 and 1054: Abbot John of Ravenna. When the new founded monasteries became abbeys, the abbots were usually chosen among the monks of FĂ©camp.
262:
One of William's innovations as a cantor and notator was an alphabetic pitch notation. Its point of reference was the Boethian diagram, which displayed the double octave of the
3602:
1024:
Diard, Olivier (2000). "Les offices propres dans le sanctoral normand, étude liturgique et musicale (Xe-XVe siècles)" (Document). Paris: PhD, Université de Paris IV-Sorbonne.
283:(diesis-diesis-ditonus). The different positions were represented by alphabetical letters, except the dieses which had special signs not unlike the tyronic letters used by
2064:
892:
511:(a few manuscripts used central French neumes, but without alphabetic notation). Within the Cluniac Monastic Association, the cantors of the following generation like
384:
collection or proser (ff. 69r-74v; 151v-155v), dedicated to the genre which replace the alleluia verses during fasten time for all kinds of scriptural readings.
2057:
3406:
2112:
3544:
163:
had conquered this island, while William was born, so the Emperor became his godfather and he was educated as a monk and made his monastic career at
2038:
106:, but William of Volpiano wrote not only the incipits of the classified chant, he wrote the complete chant text with the music in central French
229:'s wife, in 1025. By order of Duke Robert he left FĂ©camp for John of Ravenna in 1028, before 1027 he was assisted at the Abbey at Bernay by a
340:
The first division of the chant book is between the book's gradual (ff. 13r-155v) and an antiphonary fragment (ff. 156r-162v) which has the
1120:
Phillips, Nancy (2000). "Notationen und Notationslehren von Boethius bis zum 12. Jahrhundert". In Ertelt, Thomas; Zaminer, Frieder (eds.).
179:
and supported reforms connected with papal reform policies under influence of the Ottonic Emperors. Concerning liturgical reforms, Emperor
1091:
The Liturgical Music of Norman Sicily: A Study centered on Manuscripts 288, 289, 19421 and Vitrina 20-4 of the Biblioteca Nacional, Madrid
213:, a chronicle of FĂ©camp, which reports certain resentments against Norman culture and its local liturgical customs. William appeared as a
3962:
3396:
1182:
871:
851:
817:
58:
reformed the liturgy of several monasteries in Burgundy. The chant manuscript records mainly Western plainchant of the Roman-Frankish
1785:
3868:
2781:
264:
3670:
3262:
3967:
3876:
962:. Studies og publikationer fra Musikvidenskabeligt Institut, Aarhus Universitet. Vol. 2. Copenhagen: Dan Fog Musikforlag.
531:. During the 12th century one are two lines were added to help the scribe and the reader for a constant vertical orientation.
1059:
889:
3947:
3794:
2861:
2856:
3856:
3729:
2593:
2583:
1031:
Guillaume de Volpiano : FĂ©camp et l' histoire normande : Actes du colloque tenu Ă FĂ©camp les 15 et 16 juin 2001
805:
792:
3952:
3092:
126:
only appeared in Burgundy and Normandy. It can be regarded as a characteristic document of a certain school founded by
3886:
2808:
1830:
1129:
1078:
993:
967:
921:
3701:
3655:
2655:
1648:
233:
Thierry, an elder and experienced monk and prior from Saint-BĂ©nigne of Dijon. Before he followed Suppo as prior at
3496:
3352:
3237:
1893:
833:
An exact description of its content can be found in the analytic table of the facsimile edition in the serial of
516:
3033:
2469:
950:
Codex H. 159 de la Bibliothèque de l'École de médecine de Montpellier: Antiphonarium tonale missarum, XIe siècle
403:
The introit "Repleatur os meum" of the authentic deuterus mode with the psalm 70 "In te domine speravi" and its
3527:
3267:
3257:
2751:
2140:
1175:
114:, and added a second alphabetic notation of his own invention for the melodic structure of the codified chant.
3824:
3766:
1778:
1124:. Geschichte der Musiktheorie. Vol. 4. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft. pp. 293–324.
3568:
3470:
614:
226:
135:
3008:
2250:
1683:
1547:
185:
19:"Antiphonarium Codex Montpellier" redirects here. For information on the codex of polyphonic motets, see
696:
146:
William of Volpiano in person. The few things known about him can be read in a hagiographic source, the
3839:
3401:
3132:
2598:
804:
for "Plagi tetrardi" as they were already used in the 9th-century Gradual-Sacramentary of Saint-Denis (
766:), and it was issued as a facsimile in the series illustrating the relics of ancient musical notation,
609:
180:
160:
3105:
1089:
859:
838:
801:
483:. This tonary is preceded by an alleluia collection written in central French neumes in campo aperto.
99:
3972:
3957:
3597:
3592:
1752:
1643:
1618:
1409:
1168:
948:
759:
2958:
396:
section (written as heading on each page), hence an introit in the 3rd tone or "autentus deuterus":
26:
3845:
3754:
2667:
2577:
1771:
1653:
1603:
1492:
1399:
317:
tetrachord, was used here as a microtonal shift in different melodic modes of the diatonic genus.
3784:
3665:
3576:
3515:
3426:
2828:
2462:
2312:
1742:
1613:
960:
H159 Montpellier: Tonary of St BĂ©nigne of Dijon, transcribed and annotated by Finn Egeland Hansen
234:
2049:
3897:
3891:
3680:
3675:
3338:
3272:
2417:
1825:
1292:
560:
512:
388:
whole disposition is not new, but it is identical with tonaries from different regions of the
348:
The gradual itself with proper Mass chant is divided into six parts: The first are antiphons (
290:
3977:
3790:
3612:
2983:
2761:
2495:
1724:
1588:
1287:
742:
758:
It has been preserved in the Bibliothèque interuniversitaire historique de Médecine, at the
747:, vol. 2 (Hildesheim 1963 reprint ed.), St Blaise: Typis San-Blasianis, p. 11
3925:
3913:
3207:
2978:
2791:
2744:
2621:
2607:
2568:
2317:
2210:
1913:
1419:
1217:
508:
98:
for the missal part), and these sections were subdivided into eight parts according to the
1029:
Gazeau, VĂ©ronique (2002). "Guillaume de Volpiano en Normandie : Ă©tat des questions".
858:) has on just one page the and the transcription in the analytic table of the PM edition (
490:
471:
was also attached to the beginning of the manuscript. It was used as an index to find the
184:
Muslims and by Greek Christians. His plan failed after the catastrophic defeat of his son
8:
3906:
3851:
3812:
3465:
3252:
3110:
2677:
2650:
2572:
2102:
1886:
1658:
1638:
984:
Bulst, Neithard; John France; Paul Reynolds, eds. (1989). "Vita domni Willelmi abbatis".
917:
624:
503:
325:
The Tonary of Saint-BĂ©nigne of Dijon is organized in a very rare form of a fully notated
295:
127:
51:
2988:
1688:
399:
3650:
3607:
3556:
3538:
3446:
3416:
3050:
2890:
2686:
2617:
2549:
2488:
1310:
594:
222:
239:
139:
3982:
3829:
3744:
3739:
3451:
3192:
3060:
2935:
2660:
2553:
2529:
2448:
2386:
2368:
2018:
1902:
1860:
1840:
1704:
1452:
1212:
1207:
1125:
1108:
1074:
1055:
989:
963:
565:
353:
243:
152:
55:
20:
2439:
3778:
3761:
3749:
3689:
3588:
3531:
3455:
3436:
3431:
3379:
3374:
3212:
3148:
3121:
3072:
2714:
2643:
2612:
2588:
2522:
2422:
2148:
2003:
1663:
1467:
1442:
1394:
1267:
1191:
1034:
1012:
604:
536:
496:
were added as well to the letters to help the reading cantor for the coordination.
357:
277:
168:
59:
206:
3834:
3800:
3660:
3562:
3510:
3411:
3326:
2993:
2885:
2709:
2458:
2401:
2347:
2285:
2255:
2173:
2163:
2158:
2119:
2107:
2088:
2033:
2028:
2023:
1992:
1936:
1926:
1810:
1794:
1557:
1552:
1437:
1404:
1320:
1049:
896:
738:
585:
575:
548:
544:
419:
The beginning with the psalm incipit and the ending of the psalmody, here called
389:
381:
307:
273:
172:
131:
67:
580:
3734:
3644:
3506:
3369:
2915:
2895:
2873:
2868:
2836:
2786:
2682:
2168:
2153:
2080:
2013:
1998:
1968:
1941:
1921:
1879:
1835:
1805:
1714:
1427:
1282:
540:
356:) (ff. 13r-53r). The next three parts are chant genres which precedes lessons:
269:
250:
manuscript H 159, the real Antiphonary with antiphons and responsories for the
214:
2453:
1016:
3941:
3706:
3685:
3476:
3299:
3294:
3115:
2672:
2633:
2628:
2518:
2237:
2199:
1871:
1820:
1719:
1578:
1497:
1369:
1325:
1262:
1242:
1199:
1146:
1112:
599:
528:
95:
71:
1033:. Tabularia « Études ». Vol. 2. Caen: CRAHM. pp. 35–46.
211:
Libellus de revelatione, edificatione et auctoritate Fiscannensis monasterii
3919:
3881:
3862:
3421:
3305:
3197:
3137:
3127:
2973:
2880:
2818:
2739:
2534:
2484:
2265:
2130:
2008:
1978:
1963:
1958:
1951:
1931:
1855:
1845:
1633:
1623:
1598:
1509:
1472:
1374:
1362:
1352:
1315:
1302:
1252:
1039:
535:
Roman-Frankish reform, were codified the first time in diastematic neumes:
176:
3724:
3638:
3581:
3316:
3100:
3018:
3003:
2963:
2925:
2851:
2693:
2227:
2221:
2205:
1815:
1709:
1583:
1562:
1539:
1524:
1337:
1272:
1247:
1222:
784:
570:
408:
361:
334:
201:
193:
164:
75:
30:
Reconstruction of Saint Benignus Abbey by Ann Wethey and Kenneth Conant (
3695:
3441:
3333:
3141:
3023:
2953:
2910:
2841:
2361:
2357:
2324:
2292:
2215:
2084:
1850:
1608:
1482:
1347:
1342:
589:
491:
William of Volpiano's contribution to the evolution of musical notation
369:
365:
312:
280:
1003:
Conant, Kenneth John (1965). "IV.—Cluny II and St. Bénigne at Dijon".
953:. Paléographie musicale. Vol. 7–8. Solesmes: Abbaye Saint-Pierre.
364:
readings (ff. 53v-69r), the benedictiones (hymnus trium puerorum) for
345:
and even diastematic neumes with alphabetic notation (ff. 160r-163r).
257:
3818:
3805:
3521:
3389:
3384:
3363:
3321:
3040:
3013:
2813:
2803:
2638:
2563:
2513:
2406:
2275:
2260:
2245:
2125:
1983:
1678:
1668:
1628:
1593:
1477:
1237:
922:"Montpellier, Bibliothèque interuniversitaire de Médecine, Ms. H 159"
899:), even if it had not always been used for later additions of neumes.
701:
524:
520:
156:
91:
988:. Oxford Medieval Texts. Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp. 154–299.
50:) was written in the last years of the 10th century, when the Abbot
3631:
3550:
3485:
3217:
3187:
3182:
3163:
3082:
2771:
2756:
2558:
2391:
2352:
2270:
2193:
1529:
1514:
1357:
1332:
1160:
788:
500:
284:
196:
as a centre for liturgical reforms had increased in Ottonic times.
83:
79:
1763:
3222:
3202:
3028:
2920:
2900:
2734:
2542:
2538:
2443:
2427:
2396:
2280:
2079:
1946:
1504:
1487:
1462:
1447:
1432:
1389:
1232:
926:
Toner-Gradual & Antiphonary of the Abbey St. BĂ©nigne in Dijon
888:
scriptor left space for the notator (see the Christmas masses on
480:
373:
349:
330:
189:
87:
78:, William organized his manuscript according to the chant genre (
3289:
3153:
2968:
2905:
2846:
2798:
2776:
2474:
2432:
1519:
1457:
1384:
1051:
Guillaume de Volpiano. Un RĂ©formateur en son temps (962 - 1031)
797:
619:
464:
341:
329:, which serves like a fully notated music manuscript for Mass (
326:
251:
123:
103:
63:
1099:
Huglo, Michel (1956). "Le tonaire de Saint-BĂ©nigne de Dijon".
783:
This form was also used in a contemporary Aquitanian abridged
3227:
3177:
3065:
3045:
2998:
2766:
2479:
2410:
1905:
1673:
1379:
1277:
1257:
551:
or Milanese chant (square neumes on a penta- or tetragramm).
476:
107:
3459:
3311:
3076:
2930:
1227:
475:
no. ii or melodic ending used during the recitation of the
3172:
3055:
642:
See the edition of VĂ©ronique Gazeau and Monique Goullet (
142:
which was a reforming centre of monasticism in Normandy.
221:
1017. He became first Abbot of Bernay, a foundation of
744:
Scriptores ecclesiastici de musica sacra potissimum
411:, Bibliothèque interuniversitaire de Médecine, Ms.
258:
Alphabetic notation invented by William of Volpiano
1094:(Ph.D). PhD, King's College, University of London.
737:
376:readings (ff. 77r-98v). The last two parts are an
3545:Historical roots of Catholic Eucharistic theology
34:) as it was constructed under William of Volpiano
3939:
741:(1784), "Micrologus", in Gerbert, Martin (ed.),
298:: the letters referred to the Boethian diagramme
774:; reprinted twice: Bern, 1972; Solesmes, 1995).
276:(semitonium-semitonium-trihemitonium), and the
1901:
1122:Die Lehre vom einstimmigen liturgischen Gesang
1071:Music in the Cluniac Ecclesia: A Pilot Project
2065:
1887:
1779:
1176:
479:- here the incipit refers to Psalm 70 of the
2236:
134:since 989. In 1001 he followed a request by
1048:Gazeau, VĂ©ronique; Monique Goullet (2008).
102:. This disposition followed the order of a
3397:Communion and the developmentally disabled
2072:
2058:
1894:
1880:
1786:
1772:
1738:
1183:
1169:
1038:
2782:Extraordinary minister of Holy Communion
1073:. Ottawa: Institute of Mediaeval Music.
398:
289:
122:This particular type of a fully notated
117:
40:Antiphonary tonary missal of St. Benigne
25:
16:Manuscript of Gregorian musical notation
3671:General Instruction of the Roman Missal
3263:General Roman Calendar of Pope Pius XII
668:See the dissertation of Olivier Diard (
3940:
957:
209:. There are some testimonies like the
70:"), but unlike the common form of the
62:and part of the chant sung during the
2053:
1875:
1767:
1164:
1087:
515:who was taught by his uncle Roger at
1190:
947:Mocquereau, André, ed. (1901–1905).
3857:Liturgical reforms of Pope Pius XII
3730:Anaphora of the Apostolic Tradition
1793:
800:type and used classifications like
539:(Beneventan neumes without lines),
487:notation was written in black ink.
13:
958:Hansen, Finn Egeland, ed. (1974).
159:in Piedmont. The legend said that
14:
3994:
3963:Medieval music manuscript sources
3887:Sacraments of the Catholic Church
1139:
704:Music Online. Oxford Music Online
694:
310:wrote about 1026 in his treatise
2113:After the Second Vatican Council
1748:
1747:
1737:
368:readings (ff. 75r-76v), and the
294:Alphabetic notation invented by
130:. He was reforming abbot at St.
48:Tonary of Saint-BĂ©nigne of Dijon
2485:Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed
1054:. Caen: Publications du CRAHM.
905:
881:
865:
844:
827:
811:
44:Antiphonarium Codex Montpellier
3268:General Roman Calendar of 1960
3258:General Roman Calendar of 1954
1147:"Ex-Bibliotheca Ă Montpellier"
777:
752:
730:
717:
688:
675:
662:
649:
636:
547:(Roman neumes without lines),
517:Saint-Martial Abbey of Limoges
499:Among the monastic reforms of
320:
272:(semitonium-tonus-tonus), the
138:and became first abbot at the
1:
3968:Music illuminated manuscripts
3825:Fourth Council of the Lateran
910:
630:
3774:Dicastery for Divine Worship
3471:Thanksgiving after Communion
1002:
983:
916:
875:
855:
821:
763:
615:Richard II, Duke of Normandy
412:
390:Cluniac Monastic Association
110:which were still written in
31:
7:
3948:11th-century books in Latin
2251:Chapter and Conventual Mass
1548:History of music publishing
940:
554:
10:
3999:
3840:History of the Roman Canon
3402:Communion under both kinds
3133:Divine Worship: The Missal
1119:
1098:
1069:Gillingham, Bryan (2006).
1068:
1047:
1028:
1023:
977:
724:
682:
669:
656:
643:
610:Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor
407:"ii" notated with "amen" (
18:
3953:Catholic liturgical books
3717:
3621:
3598:Priesthood of Melchizedek
3495:
3351:
3282:
3245:
3236:
3162:
3091:
2944:
2827:
2727:
2702:
2504:
2377:
2340:
2333:
2305:
2186:
2139:
2095:
1977:
1912:
1801:
1753:Category:Musical notation
1733:
1697:
1619:Numbered musical notation
1571:
1538:
1418:
1410:Scientific pitch notation
1301:
1198:
1088:Hiley, David (May 1981).
1017:10.1017/S0261340900011152
946:
834:
771:
770:(first series, Solesmes,
760:University of Montpellier
3872:(apostolic constitution)
3846:Lex orandi, lex credendi
3755:Eastern Catholic liturgy
2857:Candles and candlesticks
1400:Helmholtz pitch notation
3785:Ecclesia de Eucharistia
3577:Origin of the Eucharist
2313:Liturgical use of Latin
1743:List of musical symbols
1614:Nashville Number System
895:March 19, 2014, at the
3898:Sacrosanctum concilium
3892:Second Vatican Council
3681:Intercession of saints
3676:Holy day of obligation
3273:General Roman Calendar
1937:Ethiopian and Eritrean
1293:Transposing instrument
1101:Annales musicologiques
1040:10.4000/tabularia.1756
416:
306:Concerning the diesis
299:
35:
3791:Eucharistic adoration
3613:Year of the Eucharist
3106:Ceremonial of Bishops
2523:prayer over the gifts
986:Rodulfus Glaber Opera
835:Paléographie musicale
808:fonds lat., Ms. 118).
768:Paléographie Musicale
727:) offers an overview.
566:St. Benignus of Dijon
543:(Beneventan neumes),
402:
380:(ff. 99r-151r) and a
293:
167:during the reform of
118:Historical background
29:
3926:Tra le sollecitudini
3914:Traditionis custodes
2792:Eucharistic Congress
2608:Memorial Acclamation
2569:Words of Institution
2318:Ecclesiastical Latin
2211:Pontifical High Mass
1903:Christian liturgical
537:Old Beneventan chant
333:) and office chant (
3907:Summorum Pontificum
3852:Liturgical Movement
3813:Eucharistic miracle
3466:Spiritual communion
3253:Tridentine calendar
2103:Pre-Tridentine Mass
1639:Percussion notation
918:William of Volpiano
625:William of Volpiano
561:Adémar de Chabannes
513:Adémar de Chabannes
504:William of Volpiano
296:William of Volpiano
175:of his predecessor
148:Vita domni Willelmi
128:William of Volpiano
52:William of Volpiano
3651:Calendar of saints
3608:Transubstantiation
3557:Liturgical colours
3539:In persona Christi
3447:Reserved sacrament
3417:Frequent Communion
3051:Processional cross
2862:Triple candlestick
2687:Benedicamus Domino
2661:Communion antiphon
2550:Eucharistic Prayer
2440:Responsorial Psalm
595:Judith of Brittany
463:). A conventional
417:
300:
192:, but the role of
171:who continued the
36:
3935:
3934:
3830:Gelineau psalmody
3767:effects of prayer
3745:Christian liturgy
3740:Catholic theology
3452:Sacramental bread
3347:
3346:
3193:Episcopal sandals
3061:Sacramental bread
2989:Collection basket
2723:
2722:
2584:texts and rubrics
2554:Canon of the Mass
2397:Entrance Antiphon
2387:Sign of the Cross
2369:Processional hymn
2301:
2300:
2182:
2181:
2047:
2046:
1869:
1868:
1761:
1760:
1705:Mensural notation
1061:978-2-902685-61-5
1007:. Second Series.
509:Aquitanian school
467:with the list of
235:Mont-Saint-Michel
153:San Giulio Island
132:Benignus of Dijon
56:Benignus of Dijon
21:Montpellier Codex
3990:
3973:Musical notation
3958:Christian chants
3779:Council of Trent
3762:Christian prayer
3750:Catholic liturgy
3589:Passion of Jesus
3532:ex opere operato
3437:Infant communion
3432:Host desecration
3407:Eucharistic fast
3380:Closed communion
3375:Church etiquette
3243:
3242:
3149:Roman Pontifical
3122:Graduale Simplex
3093:Liturgical books
3073:Sacramental wine
2715:Recessional hymn
2644:Dona nobis pacem
2589:Canonical digits
2496:Universal Prayer
2423:Dominus vobiscum
2338:
2337:
2234:
2233:
2149:Benedictine Rite
2137:
2136:
2074:
2067:
2060:
2051:
2050:
1896:
1889:
1882:
1873:
1872:
1788:
1781:
1774:
1765:
1764:
1751:
1750:
1741:
1740:
1604:Graphic notation
1268:Rehearsal letter
1192:Musical notation
1185:
1178:
1171:
1162:
1161:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1135:
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973:
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936:
934:
932:
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885:
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869:
863:
850:Folio 11 verso (
848:
842:
831:
825:
815:
809:
781:
775:
756:
750:
748:
734:
728:
723:Nancy Phillips (
721:
715:
714:
712:
710:
692:
686:
679:
673:
666:
660:
653:
647:
640:
605:Majolus of Cluny
215:Cluniac reformer
3998:
3997:
3993:
3992:
3991:
3989:
3988:
3987:
3938:
3937:
3936:
3931:
3870:Missale Romanum
3835:Gregorian chant
3801:Dominicae Cenae
3713:
3661:Code of Rubrics
3623:
3617:
3593:salvific nature
3570:Mysterium fidei
3563:Mirae caritatis
3511:Blood of Christ
3498:
3491:
3412:First Communion
3354:
3343:
3327:Paschal Triduum
3278:
3238:Liturgical year
3232:
3166:
3158:
3087:
2994:Communion-plate
2946:
2940:
2886:Communion bench
2823:
2719:
2710:Leonine Prayers
2698:
2506:
2500:
2489:Apostles' Creed
2402:Penitential Act
2379:
2373:
2348:Vesting prayers
2329:
2297:
2256:Coronation Mass
2232:
2178:
2174:Norbertine Rite
2164:Cistercian Rite
2159:Carthusian Rite
2135:
2122:(Ordinary Form)
2120:Mass of Paul VI
2108:Tridentine Mass
2091:
2089:Catholic Church
2078:
2048:
2043:
1981:
1973:
1908:
1900:
1870:
1865:
1831:Native American
1797:
1795:Religious music
1792:
1762:
1757:
1729:
1693:
1567:
1558:Music publisher
1553:Music engraving
1534:
1414:
1405:Letter notation
1297:
1194:
1189:
1151:
1149:
1145:
1142:
1132:
1081:
1062:
996:
980:
970:
943:
930:
928:
913:
908:
903:
897:Wayback Machine
886:
882:
870:
866:
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845:
832:
828:
816:
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782:
778:
757:
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735:
731:
722:
718:
708:
706:
695:Huglo, Michel.
693:
689:
680:
676:
667:
663:
654:
650:
641:
637:
633:
586:Guido of Arezzo
576:Cluniac Reforms
557:
545:Old Roman chant
493:
372:which followed
323:
308:Guido of Arezzo
265:systema teleion
260:
223:Countess Judith
140:Abbey of FĂ©camp
136:Duke Richard II
120:
82:with psalmody,
68:Gregorian chant
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3996:
3986:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3933:
3932:
3930:
3929:
3922:
3917:
3910:
3903:
3902:
3901:
3889:
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3859:
3854:
3849:
3842:
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3832:
3827:
3822:
3815:
3810:
3809:
3808:
3788:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3770:
3769:
3759:
3758:
3757:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3735:Ambrosian Rite
3732:
3727:
3721:
3719:
3715:
3714:
3712:
3711:
3710:
3709:
3699:
3692:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3645:versus populum
3635:
3627:
3625:
3619:
3618:
3616:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3586:
3585:
3584:
3574:
3566:
3559:
3554:
3547:
3542:
3535:
3525:
3518:
3516:Corpus Christi
3513:
3503:
3501:
3493:
3492:
3490:
3489:
3482:
3481:
3480:
3468:
3463:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3393:
3392:
3387:
3377:
3372:
3370:Concelebration
3367:
3359:
3357:
3349:
3348:
3345:
3344:
3342:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3330:
3329:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3286:
3284:
3280:
3279:
3277:
3276:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3249:
3247:
3240:
3234:
3233:
3231:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3169:
3167:
3160:
3159:
3157:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3145:
3144:
3135:
3125:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3097:
3095:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3085:
3080:
3070:
3069:
3068:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3037:
3036:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2950:
2948:
2942:
2941:
2939:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2896:Credence table
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2877:
2876:
2874:Sanctuary lamp
2871:
2869:Paschal candle
2866:
2865:
2864:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2837:Altar crucifix
2833:
2831:
2825:
2824:
2822:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2795:
2794:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2748:
2747:
2737:
2731:
2729:
2725:
2724:
2721:
2720:
2718:
2717:
2712:
2706:
2704:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2696:
2691:
2690:
2689:
2683:Ite, missa est
2675:
2670:
2665:
2664:
2663:
2656:Holy Communion
2653:
2648:
2647:
2646:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2625:
2624:
2610:
2605:
2604:
2603:
2602:
2601:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2547:
2546:
2545:
2527:
2526:
2525:
2510:
2508:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2498:
2493:
2492:
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2477:
2472:
2467:
2466:
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2451:
2446:
2437:
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2399:
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2335:
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2327:
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2320:
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2299:
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2295:
2290:
2289:
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2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2242:
2240:
2231:
2230:
2225:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2196:
2190:
2188:
2184:
2183:
2180:
2179:
2177:
2176:
2171:
2169:Dominican Rite
2166:
2161:
2156:
2154:Carmelite Rite
2151:
2145:
2143:
2134:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2117:
2116:
2115:
2105:
2099:
2097:
2096:Forms and uses
2093:
2092:
2077:
2076:
2069:
2062:
2054:
2045:
2044:
2042:
2041:
2036:
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1996:
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1283:Time signature
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1138:
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860:1901, VIII, 10
843:
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739:Guido D'Arezzo
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3666:Commemoration
3664:
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3649:
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3640:
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3603:Real presence
3601:
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3477:Anima Christi
3474:
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3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3382:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3365:
3361:
3360:
3358:
3356:
3350:
3340:
3339:Ascensiontide
3337:
3335:
3332:
3328:
3325:
3324:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3307:
3303:
3301:
3300:Ordinary Time
3298:
3296:
3295:Christmastide
3293:
3291:
3288:
3287:
3285:
3281:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3250:
3248:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3235:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3161:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3143:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3130:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3123:
3119:
3117:
3116:Roman Gradual
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3098:
3096:
3094:
3090:
3084:
3081:
3078:
3074:
3071:
3067:
3064:
3063:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3035:
3032:
3031:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2951:
2949:
2943:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2863:
2860:
2859:
2858:
2855:
2854:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2834:
2832:
2830:
2826:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2793:
2790:
2789:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2746:
2743:
2742:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2732:
2730:
2726:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2701:
2695:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2681:
2680:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2673:Postcommunion
2671:
2669:
2666:
2662:
2659:
2658:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2645:
2642:
2641:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2634:Sign of peace
2632:
2630:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2616:
2615:
2614:
2613:Lord's Prayer
2611:
2609:
2606:
2600:
2597:
2596:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2579:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2565:
2560:
2557:
2556:
2555:
2551:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2533:
2532:
2531:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2519:Orate fratres
2517:
2516:
2515:
2512:
2511:
2509:
2507:the Eucharist
2503:
2497:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2483:
2482:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2457:
2456:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2441:
2438:
2434:
2431:
2430:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2405:
2404:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2376:
2370:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2356:
2355:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2345:
2343:
2339:
2336:
2334:Order of Mass
2332:
2326:
2323:
2319:
2316:
2315:
2314:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2304:
2294:
2291:
2287:
2284:
2283:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2243:
2241:
2239:
2238:Ritual Masses
2235:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2223:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2201:
2200:Missa Cantata
2197:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2189:
2185:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2146:
2144:
2142:
2138:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2121:
2118:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2075:
2070:
2068:
2063:
2061:
2056:
2055:
2052:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1980:
1976:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1953:
1950:
1949:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1904:
1897:
1892:
1890:
1885:
1883:
1878:
1877:
1874:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1803:
1800:
1796:
1789:
1784:
1782:
1777:
1775:
1770:
1769:
1766:
1754:
1746:
1744:
1736:
1735:
1732:
1726:
1725:Transcription
1723:
1721:
1720:Sight-reading
1718:
1716:
1715:Perfect pitch
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1702:
1700:
1696:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1649:Ancient Greek
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1589:Chord diagram
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1579:Braille music
1577:
1576:
1574:
1572:Other systems
1570:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1537:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1470:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1417:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1350:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1313:
1312:
1309:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1303:Musical notes
1300:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1288:Transposition
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1243:Key signature
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1186:
1181:
1179:
1174:
1172:
1167:
1166:
1163:
1148:
1144:
1143:
1133:
1131:3-534-01204-6
1127:
1123:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1097:
1093:
1092:
1086:
1082:
1080:1-896926-73-8
1076:
1072:
1067:
1063:
1057:
1053:
1052:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1001:
997:
995:9780198222415
991:
987:
982:
981:
971:
969:87-87099-04-7
965:
961:
956:
952:
951:
945:
944:
927:
923:
919:
915:
914:
898:
894:
891:
884:
877:
873:
868:
861:
857:
853:
847:
840:
836:
830:
823:
819:
814:
807:
803:
799:
794:
790:
786:
780:
773:
769:
765:
761:
755:
746:
745:
740:
733:
726:
720:
705:
703:
698:
691:
684:
678:
671:
665:
658:
652:
645:
639:
635:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
600:Pope Leo VIII
598:
596:
593:
591:
587:
584:
582:
579:
577:
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
558:
552:
550:
546:
542:
541:Ravenna chant
538:
532:
530:
529:Monte Cassino
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
505:
502:
497:
488:
484:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
414:
410:
406:
401:
397:
393:
391:
385:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
346:
343:
338:
336:
332:
328:
318:
315:
314:
309:
304:
297:
292:
288:
286:
282:
279:
275:
271:
267:
266:
255:
253:
247:
245:
244:Saint-BĂ©nigne
241:
236:
232:
228:
224:
218:
216:
212:
208:
207:ĂŽle-de-France
203:
197:
195:
191:
187:
182:
178:
174:
170:
169:Abbot Majolus
166:
162:
158:
154:
149:
143:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
115:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
42:(also called
41:
33:
28:
22:
3978:Music theory
3924:
3920:Stercoranism
3912:
3905:
3896:
3882:Pope Paul VI
3869:
3863:Mediator Dei
3861:
3844:
3817:
3799:
3783:
3694:
3643:
3637:
3630:
3624:and concepts
3572:(encyclical)
3569:
3561:
3549:
3537:
3530:
3520:
3484:
3475:
3422:Genuflection
3362:
3306:Septuagesima
3304:
3198:Humeral veil
3138:Sacramentary
3128:Roman Missal
3120:
2881:Chalice veil
2740:Altar server
2728:Participants
2576:
2562:
2535:Sursum corda
2286:Month's mind
2281:Requiem Mass
2266:Nuptial Mass
2220:
2198:
2131:Anglican Use
1959:Prostopinije
1624:Klavarskribo
1599:Figured bass
1473:Appoggiatura
1420:Articulation
1218:Abbreviation
1150:. Retrieved
1121:
1104:
1100:
1090:
1070:
1050:
1030:
1008:
1005:Archaeologia
1004:
985:
959:
949:
929:. Retrieved
925:
906:Bibliography
883:
867:
846:
829:
813:
779:
767:
754:
743:
732:
719:
707:. Retrieved
700:
690:
677:
664:
651:
638:
581:FĂ©camp Abbey
533:
498:
494:
485:
472:
469:differentiae
468:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
418:
404:
394:
386:
377:
347:
339:
324:
311:
305:
301:
263:
261:
248:
230:
219:
210:
198:
161:Emperor Otto
147:
144:
121:
112:campo aperto
111:
47:
43:
39:
37:
3795:benediction
3725:Agape feast
3639:Ad orientem
3622:Regulations
3582:Last Supper
3497:Eucharistic
3353:Eucharistic
3317:Passiontide
3101:Antiphonary
3019:Funghellino
3004:Evangeliary
2964:Aspergillum
2926:Purificator
2852:Antependium
2842:Altar rails
2694:Last Gospel
2594:Roman Canon
2353:Asperges me
2228:Votive Mass
2222:sine populo
2206:Solemn Mass
1861:Zoroastrian
1841:Rastafarian
1710:Music stand
1584:Chord chart
1563:Scorewriter
1540:Sheet music
1338:Dotted note
1273:Repeat sign
1248:Ledger line
1011:: 179–194.
890:folio 5r–5v
785:antiphonary
709:30 December
571:Cluny Abbey
473:differentia
449:offertorium
421:differentia
409:Montpellier
405:differentia
378:offertorial
360:verses for
335:antiphonary
321:Composition
202:Cluny Abbey
165:Cluny Abbey
92:offertories
76:Antiphonary
74:and of the
60:proper Mass
3942:Categories
3707:Lord's Day
3696:Pro multis
3442:Intinction
3427:Head cover
3355:discipline
3334:Eastertide
3208:Pontifical
3142:Lectionary
3024:Holy water
2954:Altar bell
2945:Liturgical
2936:Tabernacle
2911:Misericord
2505:Liturgy of
2378:Liturgy of
2362:Eastertide
2358:Vidi aquam
2325:Vernacular
2293:White Mass
2216:Papal Mass
2085:Roman Rite
2004:Beneventan
1995:(Milanese)
1684:Shakuhachi
1659:Ekphonetic
1644:Simplified
1609:Lead sheet
1483:Grace note
1348:Note value
1343:Grace note
1311:Accidental
911:Manuscript
839:VIII, 9-18
824:, f. 161r.
631:References
590:Micrologus
354:communions
313:Micrologus
281:tetrachord
278:enharmonic
227:Richard II
200:career at
3819:Fermentum
3806:Holy Hour
3656:Canon law
3522:Epiousion
3390:Canon 915
3385:Canon 844
3364:Abstemius
3322:Holy Week
3275:(current)
3246:Calendars
3164:Vestments
3111:Customary
3041:Manuterge
3014:Flabellum
2814:Subdeacon
2703:Post-Mass
2678:Dismissal
2668:Ablutions
2639:Agnus Dei
2578:anamnesis
2573:elevation
2564:epiclesis
2514:Offertory
2407:Confiteor
2276:Rose Mass
2261:Gold Mass
2246:Blue Mass
2126:Zaire Use
2034:Old Roman
2029:Mozarabic
2024:Gregorian
1993:Ambrosian
1984:Plainsong
1927:Byzantine
1811:Christian
1679:Swaralipi
1669:Kunkunshi
1629:Tablature
1594:Eye music
1478:Glissando
1453:Fingering
1238:Dal segno
1113:0583-8363
878:, f. 14r.
702:New Grove
683:2002, 39f
549:Ambrosian
525:Benevento
521:Aquitaine
415:, f. 25v)
366:prophetic
274:chromatic
157:Lake Orta
100:octoechos
80:antiphons
3983:Tonaries
3686:Ordinary
3632:Accentus
3591:and its
3551:Koinonia
3499:theology
3486:Viaticum
3218:Surplice
3188:Dalmatic
3183:Chasuble
3083:Thurible
2984:Crotalus
2979:Ciborium
2891:Corporal
2772:Crucifer
2757:Boat boy
2651:Fraction
2622:doxology
2618:embolism
2559:oblation
2463:sequence
2454:Alleluia
2392:Psalm 43
2380:the Word
2341:Pre-Mass
2306:Language
2271:Red Mass
2194:Low Mass
2019:Gelineau
2014:Gallican
1999:Anglican
1969:Znamenny
1942:Galician
1922:Armenian
1836:Neopagan
1806:Buddhist
1689:Znamenny
1530:Tonguing
1515:Staccato
1468:Ornament
1443:Dynamics
1395:Interval
1358:Notehead
1333:Cue note
1107:: 7–18.
941:Editions
893:Archived
789:breviary
697:"Tonary"
681:Gazeau (
657:2002, 44
655:Gazeau (
555:See also
501:Normandy
457:communio
433:alleluia
370:graduels
358:alleluia
350:introits
285:Boethius
270:diatonic
88:graduals
86:verses,
84:alleluia
3718:Related
3690:Propers
3283:Periods
3223:Tunicle
3203:Pallium
3029:Incense
3009:Fistula
2974:Chalice
2947:objects
2921:Piscina
2901:Kneeler
2735:Acolyte
2599:history
2543:Hosanna
2539:Sanctus
2530:Preface
2449:Epistle
2444:Gradual
2428:Collect
2087:of the
2083:of the
2039:Ravenna
1979:Western
1947:Obikhod
1914:Eastern
1821:Islamic
1698:Related
1664:Gamelan
1654:Chinese
1634:Parsons
1505:Portato
1488:Mordent
1463:Marcato
1448:Fermata
1438:Damping
1433:Caesura
1390:Tremolo
1321:natural
1233:Da capo
978:Studies
481:Vulgata
455:), and
441:tractus
425:gradual
382:tractus
374:epistle
331:gradual
268:in the
190:Crotone
186:Otto II
155:of the
72:Gradual
54:at St.
3702:Sunday
3290:Advent
3154:Tonary
2969:Censer
2906:Lavabo
2809:Priest
2804:Porter
2799:Lector
2777:Deacon
2762:Cantor
2752:Bishop
2745:female
2475:Homily
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2433:Oremus
2418:Gloria
2141:Orders
2009:Celtic
1964:Syrian
1952:Kievan
1932:Coptic
1856:Taoist
1846:Shinto
1826:Jewish
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1458:Legato
1428:Accent
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798:tonary
620:Tonary
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362:gospel
342:Matins
327:tonary
252:Matins
240:FĂ©camp
231:custos
181:Otto I
173:reform
124:tonary
108:neumes
104:tonary
96:proses
94:, and
64:matins
3877:Music
3528:Grace
3228:Vimpa
3213:Stole
3178:Amice
3066:wafer
3046:Paten
2999:Cruet
2959:Ashes
2829:Altar
2819:Usher
2787:Laity
2767:Choir
2480:Credo
2459:Tract
2411:Kyrie
2187:Types
1906:chant
1816:Hindu
1674:Neume
1498:Trill
1493:Slide
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1326:sharp
1278:Tempo
1263:Scale
1258:Ossia
1200:Staff
1152:7 May
931:5 May
876:H 159
872:F-MOf
856:H 159
852:F-MOf
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818:F-MOf
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3793:and
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3458:(or
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1154:2024
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