581:
138:
593:, in which he perceived the image of the Cuban flag with the colors in the flag's triangle and stripes inverted. Almost immediately he visited a nearby merchant, Domingo Peraza, from whom he bought some crepe paper to build a crude prototype. He later displayed his prototype in a dinner meeting at his neighbor's house, where the owner, Micaela Dalmau vda. de Carreras, had invited José Martí as a guest. Martí was pleasantly impressed by the prototype, and made note of it in a newspaper article published in the Cuban revolutionary newspaper
1080:
747:
519:
662:
556:. He also befriended Louis Weiss owner of a printing press. He used Weiss's facilities to publish two magazines, the "Revista Popular" and the "Gaceta del Pueblo". He used the latter to publish articles related to politics and the Cuban and Puerto Rican revolutionary movements. He also published some of Martí's written works. It was not long before Vélez Alvarado was able to establish his own printing facility in the seventh floor of the
735:, was among those who were present when Vélez Alvarado died on January 16, 1948, in his home in Manatí. Vélez Alvarado is buried in the "Antiguo Cementerio Municipal" in Manatí, Puerto Rico. In the Plaza de la Historia, located in the Calle (Street) Patriota Pozo of Manati, there is a bronze bust of Vélez Alvarado. The Government of Puerto Rico honored his memory by naming a public school in Manati the "Antonio Velez Alvarado School".
655:
552:. In his articles he expressed his ideals in regard to Puerto Rican independence from Spain. The local Spanish authorities' tolerated his written work out of respect for his father, however in 1887, he was exiled from the island. Vélez Alvarado went to New York City, where he met and befriended the Cuban revolutionary leader
608:
Other sources document
Gonzalo Marín with presenting a Puerto Rican flag prototype in 1895 for adoption by the Puerto Rican Revolutionary Committee in New York City. Marín has since been credited by some with the flag's design. There is a letter written by Juan de Mata Terreforte which gives credit
715:. During that time, there were two other organizations that were pro-independence, the Nationalist Youth and the Independence Association. On September 17, 1922, the three political organizations joined forces and formed the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party. Coll y Cuchi was elected president,
505:
to José María Vélez
Escobar and Cecilia Alvarado Rodríguez. There he received his primary and secondary education. His family were the wealthy owners of various farms in Manati. His father, a former Captain in the local militia, wanted to send him to study at the Artillery Academy in
588:
According to some accounts on June 12, 1892, Vélez
Alvarado was at his apartment at 219 Twenty-Third Street in Manhattan, when he stared at a Cuban flag for a few minutes, and then took a look at the blank wall in which it was being displayed. Vélez Alvarado suddenly perceived an
613:
La adopción de la bandera cubana con los colores invertidos me fue sugerida por el insigne patriota
Francisco Gonzalo Marín en una carta que me escribió desde Jamaica. Yo hice la proposición a los patriotas puertorriqueños que asistieron al mitin de Chimney Hall y fue aprobada
571:
and
Modesto A. Tira placed an ad in the newspaper "El Porvenir" calling for a meeting amongst those who believed in the independence cause. A result of this meeting was the founding of the "Club Borinquen", a political organization in favor of Puerto Rico's independence.
1785:
600:
Francisco
Gonzalo Marín, who decided to have a proper flag sewn based on the prototype, presented the new flag's design in New York's "Chimney Corner Hall" a gathering place of independence advocates two years later. The
637:
It may never be known who really designed the current flag, however what is known is that on
December 22, 1895, the Puerto Rican Revolutionary Committee officially adopted the design which represents the current flag.
711:
felt that the Union Party was not doing enough for the cause of Puerto Rico and together with some followers departed from the party and formed the
Nationalist Association of Puerto Rico in
31:
473:
journalist, politician and revolutionary who was an advocate of Puerto Rican independence. He is also known as "the Father of the Puerto Rican Flag". A close friend of Cuban patriot
973:
700:
Because of his business obligations in New York, Vélez
Alvarado was unable to return to Puerto Rico until 1917. Upon his return, he joined the Puerto Rican Union Party headed by
1200:
453:
1875:
1035:
1855:
1750:
179:
1173:
931:, Author: Dávila, Ovidio; pp. 11–13.; Publisher: San Juan, P.R. : Instituto de Cultura Puertorriqueña (Institute of Puerto Rican Culture), 2002.
1479:
1806:
1775:
1006:
622:
The adaptation of the Cuban flag with the colors inverted was suggested by the patriot
Francisco Gonzalo Marín in a letter which he wrote from
1880:
446:
913:
1870:
970:
884:
1770:
199:
1885:
1163:
1069:
1143:
439:
631:
634:
member Manuel Besosa, she stated that she sewed the flag. This created a belief that her father could have been its designer.
959:
510:, hoping that his son would follow in his foot steps with a military career. However, Vélez Alvarado wanted to be a writer.
1083:
626:. I made the proposition to various Puerto Rican patriots during a meeting at Chimney Hall and it was approved unanimously.
204:
1281:
1865:
1374:
951:
1689:
1311:
420:
1725:
1369:
1158:
580:
1384:
1236:
1860:
1153:
795:
1494:
1032:
765:
486:
127:
91:
36:
689:
Puerto Rico never gained its independence, instead it was annexed by the United States under the terms of the
1710:
1168:
605:(with the light blue triangle) soon came to symbolize the ideals of the Puerto Rican independence movement.
1604:
1399:
1148:
1062:
790:
282:
1464:
1459:
1301:
1760:
189:
1266:
1256:
859:"Muere Antonio Vélez Alvarado, Prócer Que Creó Bandera Patria", El Imparcial, January 17, 1948, pág. "B"
597:, published on July 2 of that year. Acceptance of the prototype was slow in coming, but grew with time.
1639:
1276:
410:
1684:
1251:
1246:
1216:
568:
327:
1349:
1321:
425:
112:
Vélez Alvarado is known as the "Prócer Que Creó Bandera Patria" (The Father of the Puerto Rican Flag)
1514:
1344:
1271:
1003:
350:
1454:
1296:
694:
470:
1584:
1379:
272:
1780:
1589:
1579:
1261:
1055:
557:
365:
360:
1730:
1434:
1414:
775:
155:
1664:
1574:
1564:
1549:
1189:
910:
800:
708:
690:
415:
375:
262:
247:
165:
1669:
1659:
1569:
1424:
390:
312:
307:
50:
1740:
1619:
1544:
881:
760:
712:
549:
292:
242:
170:
137:
1624:
1429:
1394:
1306:
1047:
701:
400:
1850:
1845:
1509:
1194:
1138:
716:
602:
482:
227:
1634:
946:; by Robert L. Scheina; Pg. 359; Publisher: Potomac Books Inc.; 1 edition (January 2003);
405:
8:
1801:
1694:
1504:
1439:
1419:
1291:
732:
332:
222:
81:
1286:
1021:
1720:
1674:
1629:
1524:
1474:
1354:
988:
752:
541:
317:
297:
232:
1519:
1231:
720:
355:
1614:
1409:
1359:
1102:
955:
947:
723:) vice-president and Vélez Alvarado was elected to the Supreme Counsel of the party.
395:
1654:
1364:
302:
1786:
Latin American and Caribbean Congress in Solidarity with Puerto Rico's Independence
1221:
1097:
590:
1599:
1316:
1241:
277:
1765:
1755:
1539:
1529:
1449:
1226:
1039:
1010:
977:
917:
888:
785:
780:
564:
553:
474:
267:
194:
184:
16:
Father of the Puerto Rican Flag and co-founder of Puerto Rican Nationalist Party
1735:
1715:
1534:
1404:
1079:
770:
237:
160:
630:
Plus, in a letter written by Maria Manuela (Mima) Besosa, the daughter of the
30:
1839:
1649:
1609:
1554:
1326:
507:
478:
385:
287:
252:
609:
to Marin. The original contents of the letter in Spanish are the following:
1644:
1594:
1559:
1444:
929:
Antonio Vélez Alvarado, amigo y colaborador consecuente de Martí y Betances
820:
380:
370:
257:
1484:
1469:
1389:
502:
545:
1122:
661:
518:
498:
477:, Vélez Alvarado joined the Puerto Rican Revolutionary Committee in
1823:
584:
Bust of Antonio Vélez Alvarado and monument in Manatí barrio-pueblo
1117:
1107:
944:
Latin America's Wars Volume I: The Age of the Caudillo, 1791-1899
824:
623:
537:
1112:
654:
1077:
540:
under the name of "Yuri". He later wrote for "La Crónica" in
536:
Vélez Alvarado began writing in 1881, for "El Criterio" in
693:, ratified on December 10, 1898, which put an end to the
532:) at left, where Vélez Alvarado had his printing facility
485:. Vélez Alvarado was one of the founding fathers of the
731:
The President of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party,
742:
704:, which advocated the independence of Puerto Rico.
563:On February 24, 1892, Vélez Alvarado together with
180:
Puerto Rican Nationalist Party revolts of the 1950s
1174:Puerto Rico Pro-Independence University Federation
618:Which translated in English states the following:
575:
991:, Welcome to Puerto Rico, Retrieved Feb. 25, 2009
684:
1837:
971:Vida, pasión y muerte de Francisco Gonzalo Marín
833: and the second or maternal family name is
646:Comparison of the Cuban and Puerto Rican flags
481:and is among those who allegedly designed the
1876:Members of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party
1063:
447:
513:
1856:Puerto Rican Nationalist Party politicians
1070:
1056:
454:
440:
200:Attempted assassination of Harry S. Truman
142:Flag of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party
29:
469:(June 12, 1864 – January 16, 1948) was a
1164:Hostosian National Independence Movement
579:
517:
1144:Independence Association of Puerto Rico
497:Vélez Alvarado was born in the town of
1838:
1807:La Borinqueña by Lola Rodríguez de Tío
1751:Nationalist Party revolts of the 1950s
1201:Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional
707:By 1919, Vélez Alvarado together with
1776:U.S. Capitol shooting incident (1954)
1051:
999:
997:
906:
904:
902:
900:
898:
896:
1084:Independence movement in Puerto Rico
877:
875:
873:
871:
869:
867:
865:
632:Puerto Rican Revolutionary Committee
1881:Puerto Rican independence activists
964:
205:1954 United States Capitol shooting
13:
994:
893:
14:
1897:
862:
1886:19th-century Puerto Rican people
1078:
745:
660:
653:
136:
1871:People from Manatí, Puerto Rico
1154:Puerto Rican Independence Party
1026:
1015:
796:Puerto Rican Independence Party
576:Design of the Puerto Rican flag
1690:Teófilo Villavicencio Marxuach
1322:José "Aguila Blanca" Maldonado
1159:Puerto Rican Nationalist Party
982:
937:
922:
853:
812:
766:Puerto Rican Nationalist Party
685:Puerto Rican Nationalist Party
492:
487:Puerto Rican Nationalist Party
421:Teófilo Villavicencio Marxuach
92:Puerto Rican Nationalist Party
37:Puerto Rican Nationalist Party
1:
1711:Ducoudray Holstein Expedition
1625:Pedro "Davilita" Ortiz Dávila
1385:Gilberto Concepción de Gracia
1237:María de las Mercedes Barbudo
1033:Antonio Velez Alvarado School
846:
526:
401:Pedro "Davilita" Ortiz Dávila
1771:Truman assassination attempt
1149:Liberal Party of Puerto Rico
823:, the first or paternal
791:Truman assassination attempt
673:
668:
659:
652:
7:
1761:San Juan Nationalist revolt
1370:Marie Haydée Beltrán Torres
1009:September 27, 2011, at the
738:
190:San Juan Nationalist revolt
10:
1902:
1139:Union Party of Puerto Rico
818:
1815:
1794:
1703:
1493:
1465:María de Lourdes Santiago
1460:Manuel Rodríguez Orellana
1335:
1302:Antonio Valero de Bernabé
1209:
1182:
1131:
1090:
726:
643:
514:Puerto Rican Independence
110:
105:
101:Puerto Rican Independence
97:
87:
77:
57:
43:
28:
21:
1866:Puerto Rican journalists
1297:Arturo Alfonso Schomburg
1267:Francisco Ramírez Medina
1257:Rosendo Matienzo Cintrón
806:
1781:Cerro Maravilla murders
1726:Levantamiento de Ciales
1685:Carlos Vélez Rieckehoff
1605:Tomás López de Victoria
1590:Andres Figueroa Cordero
1580:Carmelo Delgado Delgado
1400:José M. Dávila Monsanto
1262:Antonio Mattei Lluberas
1252:Francisco Gonzalo Marín
1247:Eugenio María de Hostos
1217:Ramón Emeterio Betances
1132:Political organizations
976:April 20, 2009, at the
691:Treaty of Paris of 1898
569:Francisco Gonzalo Marín
558:New York World Building
366:Andres Figueroa Cordero
361:Carmelo Delgado Delgado
328:Carlos Vélez Rieckehoff
283:Tomás López de Victoria
122:Part of a series on the
1861:Puerto Rican activists
1680:Antonio Vélez Alvarado
1575:Isabel Freire de Matos
1565:Juan Antonio Corretjer
1515:Margot Arce de Vázquez
1345:Antonio Rafael Barceló
1272:José Gualberto Padilla
1210:19th century activists
1190:Cadets of the Republic
1183:Militant organizations
911:Antonio Vélez Alvarado
801:History of Puerto Rico
628:
616:
585:
533:
467:Antonio Vélez Alvarado
376:Isabel Freire de Matos
351:Margot Arce de Vázquez
323:Antonio Vélez Alvarado
263:Juan Antonio Corretjer
166:Cadets of the Republic
23:Antonio Vélez Alvarado
1640:Helen Rodríguez Trías
1620:Francisco Matos Paoli
1585:Raimundo Díaz Pacheco
1545:Rafael Cancel Miranda
1480:Carlos Alberto Torres
1380:Cayetano Coll y Cuchí
1336:20th and 21st century
1277:Lola Rodríguez de Tió
1091:Indigenous resistance
1038:May 10, 2012, at the
916:May 10, 2012, at the
761:List of Puerto Ricans
620:
611:
583:
544:, "La Propaganda" in
521:
411:Helen Rodríguez Trías
293:Francisco Matos Paoli
273:Raimundo Díaz Pacheco
243:Rafael Cancel Miranda
1731:Río Piedras massacre
1435:Filiberto Ojeda Ríos
1415:Víctor Manuel Gerena
1350:Félix Benítez Rexach
1195:Boricua Popular Army
776:Río Piedras massacre
695:Spanish–American War
523:N. Y. World Building
426:Félix Benítez Rexach
345:Notable nationalists
156:Río Piedras massacre
1802:Grito de Lares flag
1695:Olga Viscal Garriga
1670:Clemente Soto Vélez
1660:Vidal Santiago Díaz
1570:José Ferrer Canales
1505:Pedro Albizu Campos
1455:Ángel Rivero Méndez
1440:Antonio S. Pedreira
1425:Luis Lloréns Torres
1420:Edwin Irizarry Mora
1292:Segundo Ruiz Belvis
733:Pedro Albizu Campos
675:Flag of Puerto Rico
548:and "El Agente" in
483:Flag of Puerto Rico
391:José Ferrer Canales
333:Olga Viscal Garriga
313:Clemente Soto Vélez
308:Vidal Santiago Díaz
223:Pedro Albizu Campos
217:Nationalist leaders
72:Manatí, Puerto Rico
51:Manatí, Puerto Rico
1721:Intentona de Yauco
1675:Griselio Torresola
1630:Ruth Mary Reynolds
1525:Casimiro Berenguer
1475:Alejandrina Torres
1430:Oscar López Rivera
1395:Pedro Ortiz Dávila
1312:Fernando Fernandez
1307:Manuel Zeno Gandía
887:2012-04-26 at the
753:Puerto Rico portal
702:Antonio R. Barceló
586:
534:
318:Griselio Torresola
298:Ruth Mary Reynolds
233:Casimiro Berenguer
150:Events and revolts
35:Co-founder of the
1833:
1832:
1745:Ley de la Mordaza
1635:Germán Rieckehoff
1550:José Coll y Cuchí
1497:Nationalist Party
1410:Leopoldo Figueroa
1360:Americo Boschetti
960:978-1-57488-449-4
709:José Coll y Cuchí
682:
681:
603:Puerto Rican Flag
464:
463:
406:Germán Rieckehoff
248:José Coll y Cuchí
173:Ley de la Mordaza
130:Nationalist Party
117:
116:
1893:
1287:Juan Ríus Rivera
1222:Mariana Bracetti
1082:
1072:
1065:
1058:
1049:
1048:
1042:
1030:
1024:
1019:
1013:
1001:
992:
986:
980:
968:
962:
941:
935:
934:
926:
920:
908:
891:
879:
860:
857:
841:
816:
755:
750:
749:
748:
664:
657:
641:
640:
591:optical illusion
531:
528:
456:
449:
442:
140:
119:
118:
68:
66:
61:January 16, 1948
33:
19:
18:
1901:
1900:
1896:
1895:
1894:
1892:
1891:
1890:
1836:
1835:
1834:
1829:
1811:
1790:
1766:Utuado Uprising
1756:Jayuya Uprising
1699:
1540:Nemesio Canales
1530:Julia de Burgos
1520:Elías Beauchamp
1510:José S. Alegría
1496:
1489:
1450:Miguel Poventud
1337:
1331:
1232:Roberto Cofresí
1227:Mathias Brugman
1205:
1178:
1169:Socialist Front
1127:
1086:
1076:
1046:
1045:
1040:Wayback Machine
1031:
1027:
1020:
1016:
1011:Wayback Machine
1002:
995:
987:
983:
978:Wayback Machine
969:
965:
942:
938:
932:
927:
923:
918:Wayback Machine
909:
894:
889:Wayback Machine
880:
863:
858:
854:
849:
844:
840:
817:
813:
809:
786:Utuado Uprising
781:Jayuya Uprising
751:
746:
744:
741:
729:
721:Ricardo Alegría
717:José S. Alegría
687:
676:
648:
578:
565:Sotero Figueroa
529:
516:
495:
460:
431:
430:
356:Elías Beauchamp
346:
338:
337:
268:Julia de Burgos
228:José S. Alegría
218:
210:
209:
195:Utuado uprising
185:Jayuya Uprising
151:
143:
129:
113:
88:Political party
73:
70:
64:
62:
53:
48:
39:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1899:
1889:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1827:
1819:
1817:
1813:
1812:
1810:
1809:
1804:
1798:
1796:
1792:
1791:
1789:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1738:
1736:Ponce massacre
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1716:Grito de Lares
1713:
1707:
1705:
1701:
1700:
1698:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1655:Isolina Rondón
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1535:Blanca Canales
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1501:
1499:
1491:
1490:
1488:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1405:Elizam Escobar
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1365:Juan Mari Brás
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1341:
1339:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1213:
1211:
1207:
1206:
1204:
1203:
1198:
1192:
1186:
1184:
1180:
1179:
1177:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1135:
1133:
1129:
1128:
1126:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1094:
1092:
1088:
1087:
1075:
1074:
1067:
1060:
1052:
1044:
1043:
1025:
1014:
993:
981:
963:
936:
921:
892:
882:Vélez Alvarado
861:
851:
850:
848:
845:
843:
842:
810:
808:
805:
804:
803:
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
773:
771:Ponce massacre
768:
763:
757:
756:
740:
737:
728:
725:
686:
683:
680:
679:
672:
666:
665:
658:
650:
649:
644:
577:
574:
515:
512:
494:
491:
462:
461:
459:
458:
451:
444:
436:
433:
432:
429:
428:
423:
418:
413:
408:
403:
398:
393:
388:
383:
378:
373:
368:
363:
358:
353:
347:
344:
343:
340:
339:
336:
335:
330:
325:
320:
315:
310:
305:
303:Isolina Rondón
300:
295:
290:
285:
280:
275:
270:
265:
260:
255:
250:
245:
240:
238:Blanca Canales
235:
230:
225:
219:
216:
215:
212:
211:
208:
207:
202:
197:
192:
187:
182:
177:
168:
163:
161:Ponce massacre
158:
152:
149:
148:
145:
144:
141:
133:
132:
124:
123:
115:
114:
111:
108:
107:
103:
102:
99:
95:
94:
89:
85:
84:
79:
75:
74:
71:
69:(aged 83)
59:
55:
54:
49:
45:
41:
40:
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1898:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1843:
1841:
1826:
1825:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1814:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1799:
1797:
1793:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1746:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1702:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1665:Daniel Santos
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1650:Isabel Rosado
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1610:Hugo Margenat
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1600:Lolita Lebrón
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1555:Oscar Collazo
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1492:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1355:Rubén Berríos
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1342:
1340:
1334:
1328:
1327:Marcos Xiorro
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1317:Agustín Stahl
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1242:José de Diego
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1214:
1212:
1208:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1187:
1185:
1181:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1136:
1134:
1130:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1073:
1068:
1066:
1061:
1059:
1054:
1053:
1050:
1041:
1037:
1034:
1029:
1023:
1018:
1012:
1008:
1005:
1000:
998:
990:
985:
979:
975:
972:
967:
961:
957:
953:
952:1-57488-449-2
949:
945:
940:
930:
925:
919:
915:
912:
907:
905:
903:
901:
899:
897:
890:
886:
883:
878:
876:
874:
872:
870:
868:
866:
856:
852:
838:
837:
832:
831:
826:
822:
815:
811:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
758:
754:
743:
736:
734:
724:
722:
718:
714:
710:
705:
703:
698:
696:
692:
678:
671:
667:
663:
656:
651:
647:
642:
639:
635:
633:
627:
625:
619:
615:
614:unánimemente.
610:
606:
604:
598:
596:
592:
582:
573:
570:
566:
561:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
524:
520:
511:
509:
508:Toledo, Spain
504:
500:
490:
488:
484:
480:
479:New York City
476:
472:
468:
457:
452:
450:
445:
443:
438:
437:
435:
434:
427:
424:
422:
419:
417:
416:Daniel Santos
414:
412:
409:
407:
404:
402:
399:
397:
394:
392:
389:
387:
386:Isabel Rosado
384:
382:
379:
377:
374:
372:
369:
367:
364:
362:
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
348:
342:
341:
334:
331:
329:
326:
324:
321:
319:
316:
314:
311:
309:
306:
304:
301:
299:
296:
294:
291:
289:
288:Hugo Margenat
286:
284:
281:
279:
278:Lolita Lebrón
276:
274:
271:
269:
266:
264:
261:
259:
256:
254:
253:Oscar Collazo
251:
249:
246:
244:
241:
239:
236:
234:
231:
229:
226:
224:
221:
220:
214:
213:
206:
203:
201:
198:
196:
193:
191:
188:
186:
183:
181:
178:
176:
174:
169:
167:
164:
162:
159:
157:
154:
153:
147:
146:
139:
135:
134:
131:
126:
125:
121:
120:
109:
104:
100:
96:
93:
90:
86:
83:
80:
76:
60:
56:
52:
47:June 12, 1864
46:
42:
38:
32:
27:
20:
1822:
1744:
1679:
1645:Hiram Rosado
1615:René Marqués
1595:Irvin Flores
1560:Rosa Collazo
1495:Puerto Rican
1445:Pedro Pietri
1282:Manuel Rojas
1197:(Macheteros)
1103:Agüeybaná II
1028:
1017:
1004:El Nuevo Dia
984:
966:
943:
939:
933:(in Spanish)
928:
924:
855:
835:
834:
829:
828:
821:Spanish name
814:
730:
706:
699:
688:
674:
670:Flag of Cuba
669:
645:
636:
629:
621:
617:
612:
607:
599:
594:
587:
562:
535:
522:
496:
471:Puerto Rican
466:
465:
396:René Marqués
381:Hiram Rosado
371:Irvin Flores
322:
258:Rosa Collazo
172:
128:Puerto Rican
82:Puerto Rican
1851:1948 deaths
1846:1864 births
1485:Iris Zavala
1470:Piri Thomas
1390:Juan Dalmau
1098:Agüeybaná I
989:Puerto Rico
719:(father of
530: 1906
503:Puerto Rico
493:Early years
78:Nationality
1840:Categories
847:References
554:José Martí
475:José Martí
65:1948-01-17
1375:Roy Brown
1338:activists
171:Gag Law (
1824:Claridad
1036:Archived
1007:Archived
974:Archived
914:Archived
885:Archived
836:Alvarado
819:In this
739:See also
713:San Juan
550:San Juan
546:Mayagüez
98:Movement
1795:Symbols
1741:Gag Law
1123:Urayoán
1118:Jumacao
1108:Arasibo
825:surname
624:Jamaica
538:Humacao
63: (
1704:Events
1113:Hayuya
1022:Manati
958:
950:
727:Legacy
677:(1892)
595:Patria
499:Manatí
1816:Media
830:Vélez
807:Notes
542:Ponce
106:Notes
956:ISBN
948:ISBN
58:Died
44:Born
827:is
501:in
1842::
996:^
954:;
895:^
864:^
697:.
567:,
560:.
527:c.
489:.
1747:)
1743:(
1071:e
1064:t
1057:v
839:.
525:(
455:e
448:t
441:v
175:)
67:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
