155:
form. Although in these hymns the iambic cadence of the first verse is still the most frequent (25%) of all varieties, it is already very nearly equalled (23%) by the normal and characteristic cadence of the first verse in the epic anuṣṭhubh
175:
Thus the first half of the line tends to be iambic, while the second half is almost always iambic. In those lines where the 2nd syllable is short, the third syllable is almost always long.
187:
74:
Arnold distinguishes three varieties of anuṣṭubh in the Vedic corpus: an early free form, with very few restrictions except a general iambic (u – u x) tendency in the cadence (
254:, each of the four admissible forms of shloka in this order claims the following share: 2289, 116, 89, 85; that is, 89% of the half-verses have the regular
323:
393:
422:
478:
377:
340:
415:
Prolegomena on Metre and
Textual History of the R̥gveda: Metrische und Textgeschichtliche Prolegomena, Berlin, 1888
409:
Macdonell, Arthur A. (1916), A Vedic
Grammar for Students Appendix II, p. 438. (Oxford University Press, 1916).
234:
half-verses are arranged in the table above in order of frequency of occurrence. The most common is the
218:
had the restricted form shown in the table above. Each half-verse of 16 syllables can take either a
493:
207:, occurring, as it does, far more frequently than any other metre in classical Sanskrit poetry.
488:
483:
163:
It has been shown that the percentage of long (or heavy) syllables in 8-syllable lines in the
8:
418:
39:
27:
458:
443:
28). Eds. Hahn, Michael & Jens-Uwe
Hartmann. Swisttal-Odendorf (1996), 227-248.
48:
472:
394:"Revisiting the Mūlamadhyamakakārika: Text-Critical Proposals and Problems."
247:
20:
453:
262:
160:), where the iambic cadence in the first verse has entirely disappeared.
148:
44:
431:
Steiner, Roland. "Die Lehre der Anuṣṭubh bei den indischen
Metrikern."
147:; and finally the development of the "epic anuṣṭubh" (mostly in the
239:
211:
186:
59:
199:
157:
152:
251:
243:
164:
463:
203:, as described above, which may be considered the Indian verse
143:
Next came a mildly trochaic development in the opening of each
328:
Proceedings of the 22nd Annual UCLA Indo-European
Conference
406:, (Oxford University Press, 3rd edition, 1927) Appendix II.
330:, ed. Jamison, S. W.; Melchert, H. C.; Vine, B; p. 57.
324:"Hiatus avoidance and metrification in the Rigveda."
178:
412:
470:
43:) is a metre and a metrical unit, found in both
197:developed into its specific epic form known as
134:
128:
120:
114:
106:
100:
92:
86:
167:as a whole in each position is as follows:
51:poetry, but with significant differences.
379:Vedic metre in its historical development
342:Vedic metre in its historical development
322:Gunkel, Dieter & Ryan, Kevin (2011).
296:, in syllables 2–4, – u – is not allowed.
289:s, in syllables 2–3, u u is not allowed.
210:By the 5th century CE, in the poetry of
471:
238:. Out of 2579 half-verses taken from
38:
389:, C. Scribner's Sons, New York, 1901
171:53%, 77%, 67%, 79%, 8%, 93%, 5%, 82%
66:(lit. "foot"), has eight syllables.
345:, Cambridge University Press; p. 8.
62:of four lines. Each line, called a
13:
417:. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers.
382:, Cambridge University Press, 1905
222:("normal") form or one of several
185:
14:
505:
413:Oldenberg, Hermann (2005-01-01).
69:
404:A Sanskrit Grammar for Students
397:Indotetsugaku-Bukkyōgaku-Kenkyū
370:
357:
348:
333:
316:
307:
277:Two rules that apply in every
1:
402:Macdonell, Arthur A. (1927),
300:
261:In earlier epic, such as the
151:) prefiguring the classical
7:
447:
179:In Classical Sanskrit: the
21:
10:
510:
479:Sanskrit words and phrases
193:In classical Sanskrit the
437:Festgabe für Helmut Eimer
363:Macdonell (1927), p. 233.
354:Macdonell (1927), p. 232.
313:Macdonell (1916), p. 438.
31:
226:("extended") forms. The
16:Metre in Sanskrit poetry
387:The Great Epic of India
273:| x x x –, | – u – x ||
339:Arnold, E. V. (1905).
190:
135:
129:
121:
115:
107:
101:
93:
87:
78:) of each of the four
189:
139:‖ – – – – | u – u – ‖
125:| – – – u | u – u u |
111:‖ – – – – | u – u – ‖
97:| – – – – | u – u – |
40:[ɐnuˈʂʈubʱ]
441:Indica et Tibetica
269:is found, namely:
191:
49:Classical Sanskrit
424:978-81-208-0986-4
392:MacDonald, Anne.
292:2. In the second
501:
459:Sanskrit prosody
428:
399:14 (2007), 25-55
364:
361:
355:
352:
346:
337:
331:
320:
314:
311:
138:
132:
124:
118:
110:
104:
96:
90:
42:
37:
33:
24:
509:
508:
504:
503:
502:
500:
499:
498:
469:
468:
450:
425:
385:Hopkins, E. W.
373:
368:
367:
362:
358:
353:
349:
338:
334:
321:
317:
312:
308:
303:
184:
72:
35:
17:
12:
11:
5:
507:
497:
496:
494:Indian poetics
491:
486:
481:
467:
466:
461:
456:
449:
446:
445:
444:
429:
423:
410:
407:
400:
390:
383:
376:Arnold, E. V.
372:
369:
366:
365:
356:
347:
332:
315:
305:
304:
302:
299:
298:
297:
290:
275:
274:
205:par excellence
183:
177:
173:
172:
141:
140:
126:
112:
98:
71:
70:In Vedic texts
68:
54:By origin, an
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
506:
495:
492:
490:
489:Stanzaic form
487:
485:
484:Poetic rhythm
482:
480:
477:
476:
474:
465:
462:
460:
457:
455:
452:
451:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
420:
416:
411:
408:
405:
401:
398:
395:
391:
388:
384:
381:
380:
375:
374:
360:
351:
344:
343:
336:
329:
325:
319:
310:
306:
295:
291:
288:
284:
283:
282:
280:
272:
271:
270:
268:
264:
259:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
208:
206:
202:
201:
196:
188:
182:
176:
170:
169:
168:
166:
161:
159:
154:
150:
146:
137:
131:
130:ā´ cittám már
127:
123:
117:
113:
109:
103:
99:
95:
89:
88:ā´ yás te sar
85:
84:
83:
81:
77:
67:
65:
61:
57:
52:
50:
46:
41:
29:
25:
23:
440:
436:
432:
414:
403:
396:
386:
378:
371:Bibliography
359:
350:
341:
335:
327:
318:
309:
293:
286:
278:
276:
266:
260:
255:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
209:
204:
198:
194:
192:
180:
174:
162:
144:
142:
116:áiṣu dyumnám
79:
75:
73:
63:
58:stanza is a
55:
53:
19:
18:
454:Vedic metre
285:1. In both
265:, a fourth
263:Mahabharata
149:Atharvaveda
108:ti dhā´yase
102:ágne śám ás
473:Categories
433:Suhṛllekāḥ
301:References
136:tieṣu dhāh
122:utá śrávah
32:अनुष्टुभ्
448:See also
240:Kalidasa
212:Kalidasa
195:anuṣṭubh
94:pirāsute
82:s; e.g.
60:quatrain
56:anuṣṭubh
28:Sanskrit
22:Anuṣṭubh
252:Bilhana
244:Bharavi
165:Rigveda
464:Shloka
421:
267:vipula
258:form.
256:pathyā
250:, and
236:pathyā
232:vipulā
228:pathyā
224:vipulā
220:pathyā
214:, the
281:are:
279:śloka
248:Magha
216:śloka
200:śloka
181:śloka
158:śloka
153:śloka
76:vṛtta
45:Vedic
419:ISBN
294:pāda
287:pāda
230:and
145:pāda
80:pāda
64:pāda
47:and
36:IPA:
439:. (
326:In
475::
435:,
246:,
242:,
133:|
119:|
105:|
91:|
34:,
30::
427:.
156:(
26:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
