Apollo 10 - Knowledge

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itself from the LM by about 30 feet, after which Young visually inspected the LM from the CSM. The CSM performed another separation burn, this time separating the two spacecraft by about 3.7 kilometers (2 nautical miles). The LM crew then performed the descent orbit insertion maneuver by firing their descent engine for 27.4 seconds at 99:46:01.6, and tested their craft's landing radar as they approached the 15,000-meter (50,000-foot) altitude where the subsequent Apollo 11 mission would begin powered descent to land on the Moon. Previously, the LM's landing radar had only been tested under terrestrial conditions. While the LM executed these maneuvers, Young monitored the location and status of the LM from the CSM, standing by to rescue the LM crew if necessary. Cernan and Stafford surveyed ALS-2, coming within 15.6 kilometers (8.4 nautical miles) of the surface at a point 15 degrees to its east, then performed a phasing burn at 100:58:25.93, thrusting for just under 40 seconds to allow a second pass at ALS-2, when the craft came within 14.4 kilometers (7.8 nautical miles) of the Moon, its closest approach. Reporting on his observations of the site from the LM's low passes, Stafford indicated that ALS-2 seemed smoother than he had expected and described its appearance as similar to the desert surrounding

1644: 1189:, the launch of Apollo 10 had been postponed a day so ALS-2 could be photographed under proper conditions. ALS-2 was chosen as the lunar landing site since it was relatively smooth, of scientific interest, and ALS-1 was deemed too far to the east. Thus, when Apollo 10's launch date was announced on January 10, 1969, it was shifted from its placeholder date of May 1 to May 17, rather than to May 16. On March 17, 1969, the launch was slipped one day to May 18, to allow for a better view of ALS-3, to the west of ALS-2. Another deviation from the plans for Apollo 11 was that Apollo 10 was to spend an additional day in lunar orbit once the CSM and LM rendezvoused; this was to allow time for additional testing of the LM's systems, as well as for photography of possible future Apollo landing sites. 1163: 1949: 1881:

descent and rendezvous could be accomplished within the allotted time, that the communication systems of the LM were sufficient, that the rendezvous and landing radars of the LM were operational in lunar orbit, and that the two spacecraft could be adequately monitored by personnel on Earth. Additionally, the precision of lunar orbital navigation improved with Apollo 10 and, combined with data from Apollo 8, NASA expected that it had achieved a level of precision sufficient to execute the first crewed lunar landing. After about two weeks of Apollo 10 data analysis, a NASA flight readiness team cleared Apollo 11 to proceed with its scheduled July 1969 flight. On July 16, 1969, the next Saturn V to launch carried the astronauts of Apollo 11:

1612:(SPS) engine was fired for 356.1 seconds to slow the spacecraft into a lunar orbit of 314.8 by 111.5 kilometers (170.0 by 60.2 nautical miles). This was followed, after two orbits of the Moon, with a 13.9-second firing of the SPS to circularize the orbit to 113.0 by 109.6 kilometers (61.0 by 59.2 nautical miles) at 80:25:08.1. Within the first couple of hours after the initial lunar orbit insertion burn and following the circularization burn, the crew turned to tracking planned landmarks on the surface below to record observations and take photographs. In addition to ALS-1, ALS-2, and ALS-3, the crew of Apollo 10 observed and photographed features on the near and far sides of the Moon, including the craters 2069: 1135: 2081: 2151: 1782: 2120: 627: 1029:, a prime and a backup crew had been designated, but for Apollo, a third group of astronauts, known as the support crew, was also designated. Slayton created the support crews early in the Apollo program on the advice of McDivitt, who would lead Apollo 9. McDivitt believed that, with preparation going on in facilities across the U.S., meetings that needed a member of the flight crew would be missed. Support crew members were to assist as directed by the mission commander. Usually low in seniority, they assembled the mission's rules, 2136: 1596: 1539: 2093: 2041: 2057: 29: 4931: 2105: 9779: 1088: 1502: 1814:

than the normal 56. The Apollo 10 crew also traveled farther than any humans before or since from their (Houston) homes: 408,950 kilometers (220,820 nmi) (though the Apollo 13 crew was 200 km farther away from Earth as a whole). While most Apollo missions orbited the Moon at 111 kilometers (60 nmi) from the lunar surface, the distance between the Earth and Moon varies by about 43,000 kilometers (23,000 nmi), between

9843: 622: 1002:, Director of Flight Crew Operations, felt that Cooper did not train as hard as he could have. Eisele was blackballed because of incidents during Apollo 7, which he had flown as CMP and which had seen conflict between the crew and ground controllers; he had also been involved in a messy divorce. Slayton only assigned the two as backups because he had few veteran astronauts available. Cooper and Eisele were replaced by 9819: 9791: 1672: 9831: 746:. Apollo 10 spent 61 hours and 37 minutes orbiting the Moon, for about eight hours of which Stafford and Cernan flew the LM apart from Young in the CSM, and about eight days total in space. Additionally, Apollo 10 set the record for the highest speed attained by a crewed vehicle: 39,897 km/h (11.08 km/s or 24,791 mph) on May 26, 1969, during the return from the Moon. 1632:, and that the particles made them itch and got into the air conditioning system, and they were scraping it off the filter screens for the rest of the mission. This was merely an annoyance, but the particles may have gotten into the docking ring joining the two craft and caused it to misalign slightly. Mission Control determined that this was still within safe limits. 1724: 1822:, throughout each lunar month, and the Earth's rotation makes the distance to Houston vary by at most another 11,000 kilometers (5,900 nmi) each day. The Apollo 10 crew reached the farthest point in their orbit around the far side of the Moon at about the same time Earth's rotation put Houston nearly a full Earth diameter farther away. 1793:

broadcasts. Thereafter, the main Service Propulsion System engine of the CSM re-ignited for about 2.5 minutes to set Apollo 10 on a trajectory towards Earth, achieving such a trajectory at 137:39:13.7. As it departed lunar orbit, Apollo 10 had orbited the Moon 31 times over the span of about 61 hours and 37 minutes.

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it would have had remaining if it had lifted off from the surface and reached the altitude at which the Apollo 10 ascent stage fired; this was only about half the total amount required for lift off and rendezvous with the CSM. The mission-loaded LM weighed 13,941 kilograms (30,735 lb), compared

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About an hour after the second burn, the LM crew of Stafford and Cernan entered the LM to check out its systems. They were met with a blizzard of fiberglass particles from the earlier problem, which they cleaned up with a vacuum cleaner as best they could. Stafford had to help Cernan remove smaller

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The crew settled in for the voyage to the Moon. They had a light workload, and spent much of their time studying the flight plan or sleeping. They made five more television broadcasts back to Earth, and were informed that more than a billion people had watched some part of their activities. In June

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that NASA took special precaution to ensure Stafford and Cernan would not attempt to make the first landing. Nelson quoted Cernan as saying "A lot of people thought about the kind of people we were: 'Don't give those guys an opportunity to land, 'cause they might!' So the ascent module, the part we

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After ejecting the LM ascent stage, the crew slept and performed photography and observation of the lunar surface from orbit. Though the crew located 18 landmarks on the surface and took photographs of various surface features, crew fatigue necessitated the cancellation of two scheduled television

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for Apollo 10 was a Saturn V, designated AS-505, the fifth flight-ready Saturn V to be launched and the third to take astronauts to orbit. The Saturn V differed from that used on Apollo 9 in having a lower dry weight (without propellant) in its first two stages, with a significant reduction to the

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Apollo 10, the "F" mission or dress rehearsal for the lunar landing, had as its primary objectives to demonstrate crew, space vehicle and mission support facilities performance during a crewed mission to lunar orbit, and to evaluate the performance of the lunar module there. In addition, it was to

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X sitting on the Moon's surface, in Stafford's words, "to show that we had left our mark". Although it did not land on the Moon, the prominence of the number represents the contributions the mission made to the Apollo program. A CSM circles the Moon as an LM ascent stage flies up from its low pass

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As the spacecraft rapidly approached Earth on the final day of the mission, the Apollo 10 crew traveled faster than any humans before or since, relative to Earth: 39,897 km/h (11.08 km/s or 24,791 mph). This is because the return trajectory was designed to take only 42 hours rather

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and undocked it from the CSM at 98:29:20. Young, who remained in the CSM, became the first person to fly solo in lunar orbit. After undocking, Stafford and Cernan deployed the LM's landing gear and inspected the LM's systems. The CSM performed an 8.3-second burn with its RCS thrusters to separate

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Apollo 10 was to adhere as closely as possible to the plans for Apollo 11, including its trajectory to and from lunar orbit, the timeline of mission events, and even the angle of the Sun at ALS-2. However, no landing was to be attempted. ALS-1, given that number because it was the furthest to the

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Our flight was to take the first lunar module to the moon. We would take the lunar module, go down to within about ten miles above the moon, nine miles above the mountains, radar map, photo map, pick out the first landing site, do the first rendezvous around the moon, pick out some future landing

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aviator's headgear for a space helmet. Stafford stated that, given the pins, "the choice of Snoopy was a way of acknowledging the contributions of the hundreds of thousands of people who got us there". The use of the dog was also appropriate since, in the comic strip, Snoopy had journeyed to the

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being broadcast live, which, combined with other language used by the crew during the mission, generated some complaints back on Earth. Stafford discarded the descent stage about five seconds after the tumbling began and fought to regain control manually, suspecting that there might have been an

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There had been some speculation about whether or not the crew might have landed, having gotten so close. They might have wanted to, but it was impossible for that lunar module to land. It was an early design that was too heavy for a lunar landing, or, to be more precise, too heavy to be able to

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NASA considered skipping the "F" mission as well and attempting the first lunar landing on Apollo 10. Some with the agency advocated this, feeling it senseless to bring astronauts so close to the lunar surface, only to turn away. Although the lunar module intended for Apollo 10 was too heavy to

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Orbital operations and the solo maneuvering of the LM in partial descent to the lunar surface paved the way for the successful Apollo 11 lunar landing by demonstrating the capabilities of the mission hardware and systems. The crew demonstrated that the checkout procedures of the LM and initial

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The Apollo spacecraft for the Apollo 10 mission was composed of Command Module 106 (CM-106), Service Module 106 (SM-106, together with the CM known as CSM-106), Lunar Module 4 (LM-4), a spacecraft-lunar module adapter (SLA), numbered as SLA-13A, and a launch escape system. The SLA was a mating

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Snoopy, Charlie Brown's dog, was chosen for the call sign of the lunar module since it was to "snoop" around the landing site, with Charlie Brown given to the command module as Snoopy's companion. Snoopy had been associated for some time with the space program, with workers who performed in an

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on behalf of the first four Apollo crews for their television broadcasts from space. One slight course correction was necessary; this occurred at 26:32:56.8 into the mission and lasted 7.1 seconds. This aligned Apollo 10 with the trajectory Apollo 11 was expected to take. One issue the crew

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urged a change for the lunar landing mission. But for Apollo 10, according to Cernan, "The P.R.-types lost this one big-time, for everybody on the planet knew the klutzy kid and his adventuresome beagle, and the names were embraced in a public relations bonanza." Apollo 11's call signs were

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and broadcast six television transmissions of varying durations to show views inside the spacecraft and of the Earth and Moon from the crew's vantage point. Cernan reported later that he and his crewmates became the first to "successfully shave in space" during the return trip, using a

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over the lunar surface with its engine firing. The Earth is visible in the background. On the mission patch, a wide, light blue border carries the word APOLLO at the top and the crew names around the bottom. The patch is trimmed in gold. The insignia was designed by Allen Stevens of

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The Apollo 10 astronauts undertook five hours of formal training for each hour of the mission's eight-day duration. This was in addition to the normal mission preparations such as technical briefings, pilot meetings and study. They took part in the testing of the CSM at the

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who studied the lunar crash sites of the LM's ascent stages, wrote that the descent stage "crashed at an unknown location", and another source stated that the descent stage "eventually impact(ed) within a few degrees of the equator on the near side". Richard Orloff and

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While NASA had considered attempting the first crewed lunar landing on Apollo 10, mission planners ultimately decided that it would be prudent to have a practice flight to hone the procedures and techniques. The crew encountered some problems during the flight:

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during the launch phase and a brief, uncontrolled tumble of the LM ascent stage in lunar orbit during its solo flight. However, the mission accomplished its major objectives. Stafford and Cernan observed and photographed Apollo 11's planned landing site in the

1936:(1983) Space Shuttle missions in April 1981 and November 1983, respectively, and retired from NASA's Astronaut Corps in 2004. Gene Cernan commanded the final Apollo lunar mission, Apollo 17, flown in December 1972. Cernan retired from NASA and the Navy as a 1113:, the strip's creator, who was uncertain it was a good idea, since Charlie Brown was always a failure. The choice of names was deemed undignified by some at NASA, as were the choices for Apollo 9's CM and LM ("Gumdrop" and "Spider"). Public relations chief 1729: 1518:. The launch window was timed to secure optimal lighting conditions at Apollo Landing Site 2 at the time of the LM's closest approach to the site days later. The launch followed a countdown that had begun at 21:00:00 EDT on May 16 (01:00:00 1904:, and then became deputy director of Flight Crew Operations under Deke Slayton. In his memoirs, Stafford wrote that he could have put his name back in the flight rotation, but wanted managerial experience. In 1972, Stafford was promoted to 1572:

camera inside the spacecraft, and mission controllers in Houston watched as Young performed the maneuver. Soon thereafter, the large television audience was treated to color views of the Earth. One problem that was encountered was that the

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It was the only Apollo LM to meet this fate. The Apollo 11 ascent stage would be left in lunar orbit to crash randomly, while ascent stages of later Apollo mission (12, 14, 15 and 17) were steered into the Moon to obtain readings from

1699:. The problem was traced to a switch controlling the mode of the abort guidance system; it was to be moved as part of the procedure, but both of the crew members switched it, thus returning it to the original position. Had they fired 1563:(TLI) and send them towards the Moon. The vehicle shook again while executing the TLI burn, causing Cernan to be concerned that they might have to abort. However, the TLI burn was completed without incident. Young then performed the 1726: 1577:

cover of the CM's hatch had pulled loose, spilling quantities of fiberglass insulation into the tunnel, and then into both the CM and LM. The S-IVB was fired by ground command and sent into solar orbit with a period of 344.88 days.

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lifted off the lunar surface with, was short-fueled. The fuel tanks weren't full. So had we literally tried to land on the Moon, we couldn't have gotten off." Mueller, NASA's Associate Administrator for Manned Space Flight, stated,

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While Apollo 10 was meant to follow the procedures of a lunar landing mission to the point of powered descent, Apollo 10's LM was not capable of landing and returning to lunar orbit. The ascent stage was loaded with the amount of

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The role of the backup crew was to train and be prepared to fly in the event something happened to the prime crew. Backup crews, according to the rotation, were assigned as the prime crew three missions after their assignment of

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with a high point of 185.79 kilometers (100.32 nautical miles) and a low point of 184.66 kilometers (99.71 nautical miles). All appeared to be normal during the systems review period in Earth orbit, and the crew restarted the

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During their journey back to Earth, the crew performed some observational activities which included star-Earth horizon sightings for navigation. The crew also performed a scheduled test to gauge the reflectivity of the CSM's

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on May 17). Because preparations for Apollo 11 had already begun at Pad 39A, Apollo 10 launched from Pad 39B, becoming the only Apollo flight to launch from that pad and the only one to be controlled from its Firing Room 3.

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while returning from a final visit with his wife and child. Lacking identification and under orders to tell no one who he was, Cernan later attested in his autobiography that he had feared being arrested. Launch pad leader

8509: 733:, the point at which powered descent for landing would begin on a landing mission. After four orbits they rejoined Young in the CSM and, after the CSM completed its 31st orbit of the Moon, they returned safely to Earth. 1707:

or crashed into the Moon. Once Stafford had regained control of the LM ascent stage, which took about eight seconds, the pair fired the ascent engine at the lowest point of the LM's orbit, mimicking the

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maneuver, separating the CSM from the S-IVB stage, turning around, and docking its nose to the top of the lunar module (LM), before separating from the S-IVB. Apollo 10 was the first mission to carry a

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placed nearby on the surface, with two exceptions: Apollo 13's ascent stage, which the crew used as a "life boat" to get safely back to Earth before releasing it to burn up in Earth's atmosphere, and

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to 15,095 kilograms (33,278 lb) for the Apollo 11 LM which made the first landing. Additionally, the software necessary to guide the LM to a landing was not available at the time of Apollo 10.

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in 1963, Cernan flew with Stafford on Gemini 9A before his assignment to Apollo 10. With five prior flights among them, the Apollo 10 crew was the most experienced to reach space until the

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s ascent stage orbit was not tracked after 1969, and its whereabouts were unknown. In 2011, a group of amateur astronomers in the UK started a project to search for it. In June 2019, the

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encountered was bad-tasting food, as Stafford apparently used a double dose of chlorine in their drinking water, which had to be placed in their dehydrated food to reconstitute it.

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to return the ascent stage towards the CSM. As Stafford and Cernan prepared to do so, the LM began to gyrate out of control. Alarmed, Cernan exclaimed, "Son of a bitch!" into a

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descent stage was jettisoned in lunar orbit; its current location is unknown, though it may have eventually crashed into the Moon as a result of orbital decay. Phil Stooke, a

1457:(VAB) on December 30. After being tested in an altitude chamber, the CSM was placed atop the launch vehicle on February 6, 1969. The completed space vehicle was rolled out to 1730: 843:

and others opposed this, feeling that new procedures would have to be developed for a rendezvous in lunar orbit and that NASA had incomplete information regarding the Moon's

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east of the candidate sites, and also located in the Sea of Tranquility, had been extensively photographed by Apollo 8 astronauts; at the suggestion of scientist-astronaut

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On November 13, 1968, NASA announced the crew members of Apollo 10. Thomas P. Stafford, the commander, was 38 years old at the time of the mission. A 1952 graduate of the

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The command module was given the call sign "Charlie Brown" and the lunar module the call sign "Snoopy". These were taken from the characters in the comic strip,

1067:. Flight directors during Apollo had a one-sentence job description: "The flight director may take any actions necessary for crew safety and mission success." 2119: 1526:

Problems that arose during the countdown were dealt with during the built-in holds, and did not delay the mission. On the day before launch, Cernan had been

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The descent stage of the LM was delivered to KSC on October 11, 1968, and the ascent stage arrived five days later. They were mated on November 2. The

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at 106:22:02, just under eight hours after undocking. The docking was telecast live in color from the CSM. Once Cernan and Stafford had re-entered

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interstage joining them. Although the S-IVB third stage was slightly heavier, all three stages could carry a greater weight of propellant, and the

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structure joining the Instrument Unit on the S-IVB stage of the Saturn V launch vehicle and the CSM, and acted as a housing for the LM, while the

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who entered the Navy after graduation and became a test pilot in 1959, he was selected as a Group 2 astronaut alongside Stafford. He flew in

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is likely to be the spacecraft with "98%" certainty. It is the only once-crewed spacecraft known to still be in outer space without a crew.

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The five candidate sites for the first lunar landing, ALS-1 through ALS-5, were numbered from the easternmost to the westernmost. See

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complete the ascent back to the command module. It was a test module, for the dress rehearsal only, and that was the way it was used.

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The next action was to prepare to separate the LM ascent stage from the descent stage, to jettison the descent stage, and fire the

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s SM was jettisoned just before re-entry and burned up in the Earth's atmosphere, its remnants scattering in the Pacific Ocean.

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from NASA Historical Data Book: Volume III: Programs and Projects 1969–1978 by Linda Neuman Ezell, NASA History Series (1988)

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on March 11, 1969—the fact that it had been assembled in the VAB's High Bay 2 (the first time it had been used) required the

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as lunar module pilot. By the normal crew rotation in place during Apollo, Cooper, Eisele, and Mitchell would have flown on

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Moon the year before, thus defeating, according to Schulz, "the Americans, the Russians, and that stupid cat next door".

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coasted on that trajectory for about an hour before firing the engine once more to further fine-tune its approach to

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of the CM occurred about 15 minutes after reentry in the Pacific Ocean about 740 kilometres (400 nmi) east of

3641: 1948: 1893:'s challenge to Americans to land astronauts on the Moon and return them safely to Earth by the end of the 1960s. 9908: 8911: 7182: 6767: 5809: 4556: 4290: 4100: 2025:, in their sourcebook on Apollo, stated that "the descent stage was left in the low orbit, but perturbations by ' 1853: 1830: 4074: 2474: 2370: 9888: 9524: 9514: 9212: 5619: 5369: 4801: 3804: 2867: 2503: 2026: 1608:

At 75:55:54 into the mission, 176.1 kilometers (95.1 nautical miles) above the far side of the Moon, the CSM's

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lunar landing mission flown in April 1972. From 1974 to 1987, Young served as Chief Astronaut, commanding the

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The rest of the LM's ascent-stage engine fuel was burned to send it on a trajectory past the Moon and into a

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launch vehicle arrived during November and December 1968, and the complete launch vehicle was erected in the

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bits from his hair and eyebrows. Stafford later commented that Cernan looked like he just came out of a

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Apollo 10 launched from KSC on May 18, 1969, at 12:49:00 EDT (16:49:00 UT), at the start of a 4.5-hour

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on May 26, 1969, at 16:52:23 UTC and mission elapsed time 192:03:23. The astronauts were recovered by

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Lunar orbit profile of the Apollo 10 mission, as artist-depicted in the NASA press kit for the mission

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could be substituted by delaying Apollo 10 a month from its May 1969 planned launch. NASA official

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Payloads are separated by bullets ( · ), launches by pipes ( | ). Crewed flights are indicated in

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since 1970. The spacecraft was on display in several countries until it was placed on loan to the

1781: 1695:"open thruster", or a thruster stuck firing. He did so in time to orient the spacecraft to rejoin 1473:(MLP-3), happened eight days after the launch of Apollo 9, while that mission was still in orbit. 9519: 9456: 9431: 9276: 9129: 9064: 8775: 8736: 8695: 8596: 7475: 7384: 7312: 7232: 7227: 7152: 6540: 6535: 6199: 5970: 5774: 5379: 5374: 5333: 4870: 4836: 4379: 1965: 1218: 1198: 916: 172: 7404: 9759: 9702: 9224: 9207: 9153: 9116: 8916: 8890: 8845: 8601: 7197: 6661: 5699: 5609: 5550: 5424: 4986: 4383: 2872: 2713: 1953: 1917: 1857: 1151: 972: 920: 889: 710: 640: 236: 7300: 6299: 4745: 4606: 1126:", and Snoopy posters were seen at NASA facilities, with the cartoon dog having traded in his 9794: 9707: 9697: 9639: 9509: 9504: 9345: 9010: 8972: 8941: 8850: 8749: 8731: 8631: 7270: 7212: 7134: 6732: 6722: 6570: 5848: 5804: 5407: 5354: 4797: 4313: 4152: 1848:. As they had not made contact with the lunar surface, Apollo 10's crew were not required to 1838: 1560: 1011: 626: 340: 3907: 3693: 3017: 1068: 9913: 9337: 8840: 8725: 8643: 8611: 8547: 8542: 7435: 7430: 7379: 6772: 6716: 6492: 6229: 5891: 5036: 4960: 4817: 4806: 4101:"The Search for 'Snoopy': Astronomers & Students Hunt for NASA's Lost Apollo 10 Module" 2816: 1976: 1490: 1226: 840: 4202: 3362: 2237: 8: 9823: 9624: 9590: 9121: 9102: 8691: 8479: 7553: 7542: 7538: 7317: 7294: 7256: 6827: 6381: 6160: 5528: 5482: 5271: 5029: 5019: 4955: 4682: 3177: 1826: 1825:

At 191:33:26, the CM (which contained the crew) separated from the SM in preparation for

1798: 1462: 1172: 1123: 1076: 808: 726: 536: 455: 428: 154: 34: 6294: 3694:"Current locations of the Apollo Command Module Capsules (and Lunar Module crash sites)" 9863: 9847: 9835: 9421: 8999: 8906: 8880: 8820: 8804: 8780: 7506: 7202: 7128: 7098: 6666: 6219: 5906: 5624: 5599: 5341: 5223: 4791: 4787: 4638: 3347: 2748: 2497:"Thomas P. Stafford, Lieutenant General, U.S. Air Force (Ret.) NASA astronaut (former)" 2029:' would have caused this to decay, sending the stage to crash onto the lunar surface". 1921: 1758: 1665: 1621: 1458: 1415: 1206: 1194: 936: 877: 848: 743: 718: 636: 231: 4766: 4226: 9385: 9269: 9229: 9189: 9109: 9069: 8936: 8926: 8674: 7933: 7349: 7006: 6857: 6337: 5417: 4702: 4692: 4666: 4656: 4626: 4616: 4586: 4576: 4548: 4540: 4530: 4504: 4494: 4471: 4461: 4441: 4431: 4421: 4405: 4395: 4367: 4357: 4343: 4327: 4317: 4282: 4274: 4264: 3080: 2850: 2017: 1905: 1709: 1613: 1110: 968: 738: 671: 3617:"Snoopy to the Moon! Apollo 10 Commander Looks Back on Historic Flight 50 Years Ago" 1465:

to exit the rear of the VAB before looping around the building and joining the main

979:

era, and the first American space mission whose crew were all spaceflight veterans.

9618: 9259: 8870: 8721: 8449: 8428: 8269: 8022: 7877: 7645: 7327: 7306: 7122: 6802: 6289: 5824: 5683: 5631: 5534: 5349: 5256: 5236: 4568: 4453: 3569: 2022: 1569: 1547: 1186: 901: 5974: 5731: 9597: 9567: 9030: 9004: 8931: 8855: 8830: 8825: 8785: 8701: 7661: 7455: 7333: 6910: 6762: 6752: 6284: 6279: 6274: 6269: 6264: 5954: 5814: 5794: 5614: 5604: 5593: 5555: 4813: 4754: 4733: 4642: 4602: 4484: 4305: 4096: 2709: 2356: 2160: 2074:

The crew poses with their launch vehicle; left to right, Cernan, Young, Stafford.

1980: 1901: 1890: 1551: 1022: 1595: 9754: 9634: 9391: 9077: 8875: 8865: 8711: 8706: 8564: 7959: 7794: 7777: 5901: 5819: 5789: 4859: 4339: 2141: 1882: 1834: 1519: 1477: 1146: 1026: 991: 987: 836: 789: 772: 675: 644: 465: 4630: 4516:

Orloff, Richard W. (2004) . "Apollo by the Numbers: A Statistical Reference".

4508: 9857: 9782: 9764: 9659: 9649: 9581: 9426: 9059: 8790: 8569: 7409: 6927: 6807: 6463: 6193: 6188: 5948: 5198: 5193: 5188: 5183: 5178: 4981: 4706: 4670: 4590: 4552: 4475: 4445: 4417: 4409: 4371: 4353: 4331: 4310:

The Last Man on the Moon: Astronaut Eugene Cernan and America's Race in Space

1845: 1807: 1785: 1617: 1532: 1515: 1114: 1102: 1052: 983: 976: 952: 760: 730: 387: 373: 1679:

containing Stafford and Cernan, as inspected by Young after separation from

1538: 686:, the mission's operator, described it as a "dress rehearsal" for the first 9629: 9196: 7081: 7075: 6974: 6640: 6635: 6560: 6530: 6393: 6388: 6372: 6183: 6178: 6173: 6019: 6014: 5911: 5540: 4678: 4598: 4490: 4427: 4286: 2854: 1984: 1897: 1803: 1766: 1629: 1527: 1449:(CM) arrived on November 24 and were mated two days later. Portions of the 1221:. They each spent more than 300 hours in simulators of the CM or LM at the 1060: 1056: 1042: 1007: 1003: 999: 940: 687: 7207: 4388:

In the Shadow of the Moon: a Challenging Journey to Tranquility, 1965-1969

3565:"Foul-mouthed Apollo astronauts got space program in trouble 50 years ago" 8591: 8467: 7944: 7374: 7110: 6966: 6934: 6484: 6209: 6204: 5435: 4760: 4301: 1886: 1712:

maneuver after launch from the lunar surface in a later landing mission.

1411: 1127: 1072: 1038: 1030: 948: 722: 632: 241: 28: 847:, which might throw off the spacecraft's trajectory. Lieutenant General 9322: 9024: 9017: 8532: 8323: 8296: 8264: 8254: 8244: 8234: 8133: 8072: 8032: 7917: 7907: 7805: 7788: 7706: 7650: 7359: 6958: 6942: 6919: 6817: 6711: 6706: 6701: 6525: 6520: 6458: 6453: 6448: 6443: 6438: 5938: 5412: 4517: 4251: 1583: 1466: 1087: 1064: 703: 4250:

Brooks, Courtney G.; Grimwood, James M.; Swenson, Loyd S. Jr. (1979).

4166: 3476: 3474: 1546:

The crew experienced a somewhat rough ride on the way to orbit due to

1501: 1175:, the contemplated landing site for Apollo 11. According to Stafford, 9739: 9712: 9560: 9472: 9332: 9301: 9294: 9091: 8989: 8743: 8291: 8280: 8083: 7989: 7783: 7674: 7399: 7249: 7104: 7018: 6950: 6832: 6746: 6656: 6614: 6607: 6600: 6593: 6586: 6579: 6512: 6505: 6498: 6168: 6121: 6114: 6107: 6100: 6093: 6086: 5884: 5879: 5576: 5492: 5311: 5160: 5155: 5150: 5145: 5140: 5135: 5130: 4996: 4612: 4349: 4104: 3736: 3620: 3596: 3430: 2891: 2328:"Replicas of Snoopy and Charlie Brown decorate top of console in MCC" 1925: 1770: 1166:

Stafford (right) and Cernan in the lunar module simulator, April 1969

1034: 1015: 995: 956: 931:(1966). John Young, the command module pilot, was 38 years old and a 928: 924: 824: 750: 691: 656: 8369:. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are denoted in (brackets). 4259:. NASA History Series. Scientific and Technical Information Branch, 2879: 1145:

The shield-shaped mission insignia shows a large, three-dimensional

1118:"Columbia" for the command module and "Eagle" for the lunar module. 7882: 7825: 7695: 7570: 7565: 7394: 7369: 7364: 6837: 6469: 6362: 6357: 6352: 6347: 6342: 6146: 6056: 5943: 5676: 5671: 5666: 5213: 5208: 5120: 5115: 5110: 5105: 5089: 5084: 5079: 5001: 4991: 3842:"50 Years Ago: Apollo 10 Clears the Way for the first Moon Landing" 3471: 2604: 2602: 1703:

in the wrong direction, they might have missed the rendezvous with

1450: 967:

commander in the Navy at the time of Apollo 10. A 1952 graduate of

944: 816: 812: 800: 651: 306: 4727: 3307: 3305: 3303: 3301: 2675: 2673: 2671: 2669: 1033:, and checklists, and kept them updated. For Apollo 10, they were 9254: 9244: 9147: 8586: 8218: 8211: 8204: 7983: 7588: 7581: 7339: 7217: 7038: 7032: 7026: 6757: 6696: 6691: 6686: 6630: 6625: 6620: 6433: 6428: 6423: 6418: 6413: 6408: 6403: 6304: 6259: 6254: 6249: 6244: 6239: 6234: 5998: 4828: 3948: 3776: 2830: 2553: 2375: 1869: 1815: 1691: 1202: 1109:. These names were chosen by the astronauts with the approval of 1097: 807:(CSM), was the "C" mission. The first crewed orbital test of the 755: 621: 178: 4544: 4278: 4178: 3960: 3881:"Apollo 10 Gave NASA The Chutzpah To Meet JFK's Lunar Challenge" 2756: 2614: 2599: 1219:

Massachusetts Institute of Technology Instrumentation Laboratory

9288: 9219: 8716: 8581: 8037: 7684: 6887: 6882: 6877: 6872: 6867: 6862: 6842: 6792: 6787: 6782: 6777: 6681: 6676: 6671: 6554: 6398: 6332: 6327: 6309: 6040: 5993: 5988: 5960: 5872: 5661: 5429: 5290: 5285: 5280: 5203: 5074: 5069: 5064: 5059: 3885: 3298: 3032: 2792: 2685: 2666: 2565: 2517: 2156: 1819: 1671: 1106: 764: 706:

components and procedures short of actual descent and landing.

3286: 1979:, the Saturn V's S-IVB third stage was accelerated past Earth 9312: 9085: 9049: 9044: 8835: 7927: 6812: 6224: 6214: 5261: 5251: 5246: 5241: 3209:"Launch Complex 39: From Saturn to Shuttle to SpaceX and SLS" 2866:"A version of this article was published concurrently in the 2006:, determining that small Earth-crossing asteroid 2018 AV 1933: 1929: 1788:

post-splashdown crew recovery operations in the Pacific Ocean

1574: 1556: 556: 445: 435: 7493:

Missions are ordered by launch date. Crewed missions are in

2960: 2958: 2956: 2954: 1960:

The Smithsonian has been accountable for the command module

1171:

attempt photography of Apollo Landing Site 2 (ALS-2) in the

1010:

respectively. Feeling they needed additional training time,

8407: 7000: 6474: 5843: 5784: 5766: 5636: 4684:

To a Rocky Moon: A Geologist's History of Lunar Exploration

4526: 4260: 4235: 4211: 3845: 3408: 3406: 3404: 3185: 3156: 3088: 3058: 2331: 2241: 2047: 1550:. About 12 minutes after liftoff, the spacecraft entered a 1482: 683: 679: 525: 483: 73: 4037:"Astronomers Might Have Found Apollo 10's "Snoopy" Module" 3402: 3400: 3398: 3396: 3394: 3392: 3390: 3388: 3386: 3384: 3103: 1852:

like the first landing crews would be. They were flown to

1485:

second stage generated more thrust than that of Apollo 9.

767:

for the LM, who became Apollo 10's semi-official mascots.

4253:

Chariots for Apollo: A History of Manned Lunar Spacecraft

3931:"'We Choose to Go to the Moon' and Other Apollo Speeches" 2951: 971:, he entered the Navy after graduation. Selected for the 854: 835:; he was known for his aggressive approach to moving the 7536: 4794:

raw footage taken from Apollo 10 at the Internet Archive

3363:"Apollo 10 Day 4, part 13: Acclimatising in lunar orbit" 3322: 3320: 3150:"Apollo/Skylab ASTP and Shuttle Orbiter Major End Items" 2449: 2447: 2334:. May 28, 1969. NASA Photo ID: S69-34314. Archived from 1829:, which occurred about 15 minutes later at 191:48:54.5. 8376: 4486:

Rocket Men: The Epic Story of the First Men on the Moon

4345:

A Man on the Moon: The Voyages of the Apollo Astronauts

3381: 2915: 1542:

Mission Control in Houston during an Apollo 10 telecast

3819: 3132: 3130: 2541: 2529: 2414:"Apollo 10: The Adventure of Charlie Brown and Snoopy" 1014:

rejected the Apollo 13 crew. The crew was switched to

9807: 3546: 3544: 3542: 3505: 3503: 3501: 3454:"John W. Young, an Astronaut's Astronaut (1930-2018)" 3317: 3274: 3262: 3250: 3238: 3226: 3178:"Day 1, part 1: Countdown, launch and climb to orbit" 2982: 2970: 2927: 2768: 2444: 729:(LM) to within 14.4 kilometers (7.8 nmi) of the 4608:

Deke! U.S. Manned Space: From Mercury to the Shuttle

2432: 1908:

and assigned to command the American portion of the

1469:, proceeding to the launch pad. This rollout, using 1091:

En route to launch, Stafford touches a "Snoopy" doll

709:

After the spacecraft reached lunar orbit, astronaut

5761: 3527: 3515: 3127: 3115: 2939: 1018:, which saw Shepard and Mitchell walk on the Moon. 4784:Official NASA/JSC documentary film, JSC-519 (1969) 4637: 4452: 4172: 3954: 3782: 3539: 3498: 3486: 3418: 3340: 2903: 2836: 2780: 2741: 2559: 2371:"Snoopy the Astrobeagle, NASA's Mascot for Safety" 1987:; as of 2020, it remains in a heliocentric orbit. 1082: 4597: 4519:NASA History Division, Office of Policy and Plans 3860: 3712: 3642:"John Young: Not just the commander of Apollo 16" 3584: 3342:"N.B.C.'s 'Teacher, Teacher' Voted Best TV Drama" 3055:"50 years ago: Apollo 10 rolls out to launch pad" 2654: 2620: 2608: 2308: 1920:in California, and retired in November 1979 as a 1603: 9855: 4566: 4378: 4184: 3966: 3602: 3480: 3436: 3311: 3038: 2897: 2885: 2798: 2762: 2691: 2679: 2571: 2523: 951:in 1965, becoming the first American not of the 839:forward. However, Director of Flight Operations 823:perform the lunar mission, the one intended for 4210:. Scientific and Technical Information Branch, 4034: 1773:'s, which NASA lost control of after jettison. 963:. Eugene Cernan, the lunar module pilot, was a 3688: 3686: 2086:Crew boarding the command module before launch 8392: 8365:. Uncatalogued launch failures are listed in 7522: 7471:Third-party evidence for Apollo Moon landings 5747: 5710:Third-party evidence for Apollo Moon landings 4844: 4089: 3660: 3016:. NASA Science. April 9, 2019. Archived from 939:at the time of Apollo 10. A 1952 graduate of 7451:List of species that have landed on the Moon 5722:Symbol indicates failure or partial failure 4054: 3733:"The Most Extreme Human Spaceflight Records" 1912:, which flew in July 1975. He commanded the 1860:for a greeting reception, before boarding a 1197:, California, facility of its manufacturer, 955:to fly in space. Young thereafter commanded 775:also drew mission-related artwork for NASA. 124:8 days, 3 minutes, 23 seconds 4312:(10th anniversary edition ebook ed.). 4010:"Saturn S-IVB-505N – Satellite Information" 3759:"Apollo 10 Anniversary Catapults Next Step" 3683: 2295:NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive 2267:NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive 1509: 1232: 1157: 788:For a fuller overview of this subject, see 8771:Commercial Orbital Transportation Services 8399: 8385: 7529: 7515: 5754: 5740: 4929: 4851: 4837: 4201: 4002: 3292: 3109: 3073: 1994:was jettisoned into a heliocentric orbit. 1734:Earthrise video captured by Apollo 10 crew 998:, but Cooper and Eisele never flew again. 694:, two months later). It was designated an 625: 620: 27: 9665:Hubble Space Telescope anniversary images 4126:"Apollo 10 – NSSDCA/COSPAR ID: 1969-043A" 2851:"The man behind the Moon mission patches" 2848: 2585:"50 years ago, NASA names Apollo 11 crew" 2468: 2466: 2464: 2462: 4416: 4149:"Finding spacecraft impacts on the Moon" 4095: 4060: 3878: 3836: 3834: 3825: 3794: 3142: 2735: 2733: 2731: 2712:Office of Public Affairs. Archived from 2703: 2368: 1947: 1780: 1722: 1670: 1642: 1594: 1537: 1500: 1161: 1133: 1086: 9750:NASA International Space Apps Challenge 4767:"Table 2-38. Apollo 10 Characteristics" 3756: 3562: 3447: 3445: 3206: 3049: 3047: 2739: 1943: 1635: 16:Second crewed mission to orbit the Moon 9856: 8538:Administrator and Deputy Administrator 7446:List of artificial objects on the Moon 4515: 4458:Smithsonian Atlas of Space Exploration 4146: 3412: 3256: 3170: 2988: 2976: 2964: 2810: 2632: 2459: 2411: 2407: 2405: 2403: 2401: 2399: 2397: 2395: 2393: 2230: 2174:List of artificial objects on the Moon 1651:After Stafford and Cernan checked out 1647:Photograph of ALS-2 taken by Apollo 10 1582:1969, the crew would accept a special 1565:transposition, docking, and extraction 1213:, Massachusetts, for briefings on the 855:Crew and key Mission Control personnel 9904:Spacecraft launched by Saturn rockets 9328:Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite 8380: 7510: 5735: 4832: 4781:Apollo 10: "To Sort Out the Unknowns" 4562:from the original on October 9, 2022. 4296:from the original on October 9, 2022. 4245:from the original on October 9, 2022. 4225: 4221:from the original on October 9, 2022. 4063:"The Search for Apollo 10's 'Snoopy'" 4061:Thompson, Mark (September 19, 2011). 3928: 3831: 3492: 3166:from the original on October 9, 2022. 3136: 3121: 2945: 2933: 2909: 2813:"Snoopy, Charlie Brown and Apollo 10" 2728: 2704:Williams, Mike (September 13, 2012). 2547: 2535: 2513:from the original on October 9, 2022. 2314: 2213: 2159:swirls within unnamed crater east of 2129:about to dock with the command module 1990:The ascent stage of the Lunar Module 1741:rendezvoused with and re-docked with 1496: 1248: 1245: 1242: 868: 9790: 7147:International Lunar Research Station 5385:50th Anniversary commemorative coins 4677: 3730: 3666: 3614: 3533: 3521: 3451: 3442: 3338: 3044: 2921: 2876:magazine." (June 2008; pp. 220–225). 2002:announced a possible rediscovery of 1254: 61:Crewed lunar orbital CSM/LM flight ( 4747:The Apollo Spacecraft: A Chronology 4338: 3550: 3509: 3424: 2743:"You're a brave man, Charlie Brown" 2740:Roberts, Steven V. (May 26, 1969). 2472: 2453: 2390: 1505:Launch of Apollo 10 on May 18, 1969 1122:outstanding manner awarded silver " 13: 9894:Spacecraft which reentered in 1969 8444:National Aeronautics and Space Act 5861:Japanese Lunar Exploration Program 4858: 4788:Apollo 10 16mm onboard film part 1 4763:(PDF), NASA, JSC-09423, April 1975 4300: 4249: 4238:. May 7, 1969. Release No. 69-68. 4147:Stooke, Phil (February 20, 2017). 3866: 3795:Holtkamp, Gerhard (June 6, 2009). 3757:Granath, Bob (February 24, 2015). 3718: 3667:Ryba, Jeanne, ed. (July 8, 2009). 3590: 3452:Neal, Valerie (January 19, 2018). 3326: 3280: 3268: 3244: 3232: 2786: 2774: 2660: 2438: 2144:crater on the far side of the Moon 1776: 1753:was sealed off and separated from 982:The backup crew for Apollo 10 was 14: 9930: 9398:Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope 8952:Commercial Lunar Payload Services 4715: 4573:Apollo: The Definitive Sourcebook 4035:David Dickinson (June 14, 2019). 3207:Neufeld, Michael (May 22, 2020). 2633:Hersch, Matthew (July 19, 2009). 2369:McKinnon, Mika (April 30, 2014). 1659:for a rest. Then they re-entered 670:(May 18–26, 1969) was the fourth 9841: 9829: 9817: 9789: 9778: 9777: 9693:Apollo 15 postal covers incident 9451:Space Flight Operations Facility 8637:Operations and Checkout Building 7466:Moon landing conspiracy theories 4823:Apollo launch and mission videos 4140: 4118: 3879:Dorminey, Bruce (May 19, 2019). 2149: 2134: 2118: 2103: 2091: 2079: 2067: 2055: 2039: 1896:In July 1969, Stafford replaced 1259: 803:, the crewed-flight test of the 450:113.0 kilometers (61.0 nmi) 440:109.6 kilometers (59.2 nmi) 199:4,945 kilograms (10,901 lb) 8912:Lunar Precursor Robotic Program 7183:Lunar Polar Exploration Mission 5637:Apollo Lunar Sounder Experiment 4761:"Apollo Program Summary Report" 4194: 4028: 3972: 3922: 3910:. Lunar and Planetary Institute 3900: 3872: 3803:(Blog). SciLogs. Archived from 3788: 3750: 3724: 3634: 3608: 3563:Simmons, Roger (May 28, 2019). 3556: 3355: 3332: 3200: 3006: 2994: 2842: 2804: 2697: 2626: 2577: 2489: 2412:LaPage, Andrew (May 29, 2019). 2206: 2196: 1854:Pago Pago International Airport 1422:Craig Nelson wrote in his book 1083:Call signs and mission insignia 611:May 23, 1969, 05:13:36 UTC 603:May 23, 1969, 03:11:02 UTC 590:May 22, 1969, 19:00:57 UTC 582:May 18, 1969, 20:06:36 UTC 512:May 24, 1969, 10:25:38 UTC 504:May 21, 1969, 20:44:54 UTC 5462:"Houston, we've had a problem" 4951:Cape Kennedy Air Force Station 4802:Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center 4798:Mission Transcripts: Apollo 10 4456:; Johnston, Andrew K. (2009). 3615:Gohd, Chelsea (May 18, 2019). 3367:Apollo 10 Lunar Flight Journal 3182:Apollo 10 Lunar Flight Journal 3085:Apollo 10 Lunar Flight Journal 2868:British Interplanetary Society 2849:Hengeveld, Ed (May 20, 2008). 2504:Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center 2362: 2320: 2281: 2255: 1604:Arrival and initial operations 1590: 561:14.4 kilometers (7.8 nmi) 101: 1: 5705:Stolen and missing Moon rocks 5478:Modular Equipment Transporter 4653:Smithsonian Institution Press 4575:. Praxis Publishing Company. 3935:National Air and Space Museum 3731:Wall, Mike (April 23, 2019). 3458:National Air and Space Museum 3339:Gent, George (June 9, 1969). 3213:National Air and Space Museum 2706:"A legendary tale, well-told" 2223: 2184:List of vehicle speed records 1138:Apollo 10 space-flown silver 990:as command module pilot, and 923:in 1962, he flew as pilot of 915:, he was commissioned in the 831:favored a landing attempt on 783: 9730:Space program on U.S. stamps 9655:Gemini and Apollo medallions 9605:Solar System Family Portrait 9381:Joint Polar Satellite System 9250:Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter 8504:Vision for Space Exploration 8474:Space Exploration Initiative 7481:List of crewed lunar landers 7441:List of missions to the Moon 7264:Lockheed Martin Lunar Lander 7223:Lunar Crater Radio Telescope 6995:Firefly Aerospace Blue Ghost 6310:SELENE (Kaguya, Okina, Ouna) 5966:Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter 4724:at Encyclopedia Astronautica 4392:University of Nebraska Press 3929:Stamm, Amy (July 17, 2019). 3908:"Apollo 11 Mission Overview" 2348:Photo description available 2179:List of missions to the Moon 1914:Air Force Flight Test Center 1875: 1436: 927:(1965) and command pilot of 795:By 1967, NASA had devised a 778: 678:and the second to orbit the 595:Docking with LM Ascent Stage 7: 9884:Crewed missions to the Moon 9869:Spacecraft launched in 1969 9725:U.S. Astronaut Hall of Fame 9682:We choose to go to the Moon 9645:Apollo 11 goodwill messages 9203:International Space Station 9183:Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter 8922:Great Observatories program 8766:International Space Station 8744:Roscosmos State Corporation 8661:Science Mission Directorate 8607:Manned Space Flight Network 7323:International Lunar Network 5642:Fe, Fi, Fo, Fum, and Phooey 4966:Manned Space Flight Network 4689:University of Arizona Press 4482: 4423:Guinness World Records 2010 3980:"Command Module, Apollo 10" 3698:Apollo: Where are they now? 3000: 2640:Air & Space/Smithsonian 2167: 2098:Apollo 10 view of Earthrise 1952:Command module at London's 886:Command Module Pilot (CMP) 10: 9935: 9542:NASA cameras on spacecraft 9353:James Webb Space Telescope 9265:Solar Dynamics Observatory 8486:U.S. National Space Policy 5025:Command and Service Module 4927: 4460:. Bunker Hill Publishing. 3159:. March 1978. p. 11. 2000:Royal Astronomical Society 921:second group of astronauts 805:Command and Service Module 787: 715:Command and Service Module 495:Command and service module 43:Command and Service Module 9874:1969 in the United States 9773: 9673: 9550: 9465: 9410: 9373: 9172: 8982: 8969: 8899: 8813: 8803: 8758: 8684: 8673: 8617:Vehicle Assembly Building 8525: 8424: 8414: 8359: 7561: 7489: 7418: 7284: 7241: 7175: 7166: 7091: 7066: 7017: 6985: 6909: 6900: 6731: 6649: 6569: 6483: 6371: 6318: 6138: 6129:List of Apollo astronauts 6078: 6069: 6049: 6033: 6007: 5931: 5922: 5773: 5718: 5692: 5650: 5585: 5569: 5501: 5470: 5454: 5400: 5326: 5303: 5270: 5222: 5169: 5098: 5052: 5045: 5012: 4974: 4938: 4891: 4883:List of Apollo astronauts 4866: 4753:December 9, 2017, at the 4599:Slayton, Donald K. "Deke" 2032: 1910:Apollo–Soyuz Test Project 1610:service propulsion system 1455:Vehicle Assembly Building 1390: 1373: 1356: 1339: 1322: 1305: 1289:Descent stage propellant 1288: 1271: 1266: 1263: 1258: 1253: 1238:Comparison of LM weights 1209:, New York. They visited 973:third group of astronauts 900: 898:Lunar Module Pilot (LMP) 897: 888: 885: 876: 873: 811:(LM) was accomplished on 619: 615: 607: 599: 594: 586: 578: 573: 569: 565: 555: 550: 542: 532: 524: 516: 508: 500: 490: 482: 478: 474: 464: 454: 444: 434: 424: 419: 415: 411: 365: 349: 336: 331: 327: 323: 313: 302: 286: 281: 277: 273: 250: 224: 216: 211: 207: 203: 195: 187: 164: 141: 136: 132: 128: 120: 98: 79: 69: 57: 53: 26: 9688:Apollo 8 Genesis reading 9612:The Day the Earth Smiled 8947:Solar Terrestrial Probes 8406: 7426:Colonization of the Moon 4734:Apollo 10 Flight Journal 4204:Apollo 10 Mission Report 4071:Discovery Communications 2587:. NASA. January 30, 2019 2355:October 5, 2021, at the 2189: 2062:Apollo 10 during rollout 1866:Ellington Air Force Base 1688:Ascent Propulsion System 1510:Launch and outbound trip 1471:Mobile Launch Platform-3 1340:Ascent stage propellant 1233:Lunar landing capability 1225:(MSC) in Houston and at 1223:Manned Spacecraft Center 1215:Apollo Guidance Computer 1158:Training and preparation 9879:Apollo program missions 9745:Other primates in space 9457:Deep Space Atomic Clock 9277:Mars Science Laboratory 9065:Spitzer Space Telescope 8654:Lunar Sample Laboratory 8597:Launch Services Program 7476:Apollo 11 anniversaries 7313:European Lunar Explorer 6536:Pragyan (Chandrayaan-2) 4525:. NASA History Series. 3081:"Apollo 10: Background" 2811:Alaina (May 16, 2019). 2635:"The fourth crewmember" 1559:third stage to achieve 1306:Descent stage subtotal 1199:North American Rockwell 717:(CSM) while astronauts 702:, intended to test all 173:North American Rockwell 9909:John Young (astronaut) 9760:National Astronaut Day 9703:The Astronaut Monument 9525:Space Shuttle missions 9225:Mars Exploration Rover 9208:Hubble Space Telescope 9117:Kepler space telescope 8917:Earth Observing System 8891:Mars Exploration Rover 8602:Mercury Control Center 6662:Emirates Lunar Mission 5700:Lunar orbit rendezvous 5561:Postal covers incident 5551:Hadley Rille meteorite 5425:Bench Crater meteorite 4946:Mission Control Center 4483:Nelson, Craig (2009). 4173:Launius & Johnston 4099:(September 20, 2011). 3955:Stafford & Cassutt 3783:Stafford & Cassutt 2837:Stafford & Cassutt 2560:Stafford & Cassutt 2050:first stage in the VAB 1957: 1924:. Young commanded the 1918:Edwards Air Force Base 1789: 1735: 1683: 1648: 1600: 1543: 1506: 1434: 1357:Ascent stage subtotal 1182: 1167: 1152:Rockwell International 1142: 1092: 753:were the names of the 674:in the United States' 357:1969-05-26UTC16:52:24Z 353:May 26, 1969, 16:52:23 290:May 18, 1969, 16:49:00 9889:Peanuts (comic strip) 9708:Lunar sample displays 9698:Space Mirror Memorial 9640:Voyager Golden Record 9532:United States rockets 8724: (with the 8632:Launch Control Center 7271:Lunar Orbital Station 6723:Peregrine Mission One 5370:Lunar sample displays 4812:May 17, 2008, at the 4807:Images from Apollo 10 4555:. NASA SP-2000-4029. 4153:The Planetary Society 3605:, pp. 1385–1391. 3439:, pp. 1374–1376. 2900:, pp. 1337–1338. 2621:Slayton & Cassutt 2609:Slayton & Cassutt 1966:London Science Museum 1951: 1784: 1733: 1674: 1646: 1598: 1561:trans-lunar injection 1541: 1504: 1429: 1180:sites, and come home. 1177: 1165: 1137: 1090: 797:list of mission types 425:Reference system 137:Spacecraft properties 8726:Soviet space program 8644:Johnson Space Center 8612:Kennedy Space Center 8575:spinoff technologies 7545:Orbital launches in 7436:List of lunar probes 7431:Google Lunar X Prize 7380:Project Harvest Moon 6493:Lunar Roving Vehicle 5973:(relay satellite at 5620:Lunar sample display 5610:Nansen-Apollo crater 5037:Lunar Roving Vehicle 5013:Spacecraft and rover 4961:Kennedy Space Center 4818:Kennedy Space Center 4728:NSSDC Master Catalog 4567:Orloff, Richard W.; 4314:St. Martin's Griffin 4185:Orloff & Harland 3990:on December 10, 2018 3967:French & Burgess 3797:"Far Away From Home" 3603:French & Burgess 3481:Orloff & Harland 3437:French & Burgess 3312:Orloff & Harland 3295:, pp. 9–4, 9–8. 3039:Orloff & Harland 2898:French & Burgess 2888:, pp. 256, 285. 2886:Orloff & Harland 2817:Kennedy Space Center 2799:Orloff & Harland 2763:French & Burgess 2692:Orloff & Harland 2680:Orloff & Harland 2572:Orloff & Harland 2524:Orloff & Harland 2125:Apollo Lunar Module 1977:translunar injection 1944:Hardware disposition 1528:stopped for speeding 1491:Launch Escape System 1227:Kennedy Space Center 959:(1966), flying with 841:Christopher C. Kraft 533:Spacecraft component 491:Spacecraft component 399:Apollo 10 splashdown 9735:Apollo 17 Moon mice 9591:Pillars of Creation 9498:Space Shuttle crews 8976:(human and robotic) 8970:Individual featured 8553:Ranks and positions 7461:Apollo 17 Moon mice 7390:Resource Prospector 7318:First Lunar Outpost 7301:Baden-Württemberg 1 7257:Boeing Lunar Lander 6382:Apollo Lunar Module 6196:(propulsion module) 6161:Apollo Lunar Module 5763:Spacecraft missions 5483:Fra Mauro formation 5444:Streptococcus mitis 4956:Crawler-transporter 4228:Apollo 10 Press Kit 4175:, pp. 104–105. 4097:Pearlman, Robert Z. 4041:Sky & Telescope 3807:on October 31, 2011 3483:, pp. 259–260. 3329:, pp. 304–306. 3283:, pp. 303–304. 3271:, pp. 203–204. 3247:, pp. 201–202. 3235:, pp. 238–239. 3091:. February 10, 2017 2967:, pp. 276–277. 2924:, pp. 189–192. 2777:, pp. 301–302. 2456:, pp. 151–152. 2441:, pp. 234–235. 2238:"Apollo 10 summary" 2018:planetary scientist 1655:, they returned to 1239: 1201:, and of the LM at 1173:Sea of Tranquillity 1077:Bruce McCandless II 984:L. Gordon Cooper Jr 919:. Selected for the 905:Second spaceflight 860: 845:mass concentrations 815:, the "D" mission. 727:Apollo Lunar Module 557:Periselene altitude 436:Periselene altitude 383: / 294:1969-05-18UTC16:49Z 23: 9919:Thomas P. Stafford 9537:NASA cancellations 9432:Deep Space Network 9422:Near Earth Network 8907:Living With a Star 8881:Project Prometheus 8861:Planetary Observer 7129:Cislunar Explorers 5625:Lunar basalt 70017 5586:Apollo 17 specific 5570:Apollo 16 specific 5502:Apollo 15 specific 5471:Apollo 14 specific 5455:Apollo 13 specific 5401:Apollo 12 specific 5392:In popular culture 5360:Little West crater 5327:Apollo 11 specific 4757:NASA, NASA SP-4009 4390:(eBook ed.). 4014:Satellite database 3348:The New York Times 3188:. February 6, 2022 2749:The New York Times 2716:on August 17, 2020 1958: 1922:lieutenant general 1790: 1759:heliocentric orbit 1736: 1684: 1649: 1601: 1544: 1507: 1497:Mission highlights 1459:Launch Complex 39B 1272:Descent stage dry 1237: 1168: 1143: 1093: 1071:were Duke, Engle, 893:Third spaceflight 881:Third spaceflight 878:Thomas P. Stafford 859: 744:Sea of Tranquility 551:Orbital parameters 446:Aposelene altitude 420:Orbital parameters 388:15.033°S 164.650°W 232:Thomas P. Stafford 21: 9805: 9804: 9718:stolen or missing 9515:uncrewed missions 9493:Apollo astronauts 9488:Gemini astronauts 9406: 9405: 9190:2001 Mars Odyssey 8965: 8964: 8841:Mars Surveyor '98 8799: 8798: 8742: (with 8675:Human spaceflight 8669: 8668: 8627:Launch Complex 48 8622:Launch Complex 39 8374: 8373: 7934:Luna E-8-5 No.402 7504: 7503: 7350:Lunar Mission One 7307:#dearMoon project 7280: 7279: 7162: 7161: 7007:Lunar Trailblazer 6896: 6895: 6338:Moon Impact Probe 6065: 6064: 5729: 5728: 5365:Goodwill messages 5304:Apollo 8 specific 5299: 5298: 5020:Apollo spacecraft 4939:Ground facilities 4909:Launch Complex 39 4904:Launch Complex 37 4899:Launch Complex 34 4876:canceled missions 4698:978-0-8165-1065-8 4662:978-1-58834-070-2 4622:978-0-312-85503-1 4582:978-0-387-30043-6 4569:Harland, David M. 4536:978-0-16-050631-4 4500:978-0-670-02103-1 4467:978-0-06-156526-7 4454:Launius, Roger D. 4437:978-0-553-59337-2 4401:978-0-8032-1128-5 4363:978-0-14-024146-4 4323:978-0-312-26351-5 4270:978-0-486-46756-6 4077:on August 7, 2012 3646:Universe Magazine 3415:, pp. 72–79. 3020:on August 4, 2022 2550:, pp. 71–72. 2538:, pp. 69–70. 2477:. Colin Hackellar 2473:Lindsay, Hamish. 1906:brigadier general 1799:high-gain antenna 1731: 1710:orbital insertion 1548:pogo oscillations 1407: 1406: 1323:Ascent stage dry 1140:Robbins medallion 992:Edgar D. Mitchell 969:Purdue University 909: 908: 739:pogo oscillations 672:human spaceflight 665: 664: 509:Orbital departure 501:Orbital insertion 393:-15.033; -164.650 41:, approaches the 9926: 9846: 9845: 9844: 9834: 9833: 9832: 9822: 9821: 9820: 9813: 9793: 9792: 9781: 9780: 9619:Fallen Astronaut 9260:Van Allen Probes 8980: 8979: 8886:Mars Exploration 8811: 8810: 8682: 8681: 8450:Space Task Group 8422: 8421: 8401: 8394: 8387: 8378: 8377: 8023:Intelsat III F-5 7878:Intelsat III F-4 7646:Intelsat III F-3 7550: 7549: 7548: 7531: 7524: 7517: 7508: 7507: 7173: 7172: 7123:Lunar Pathfinder 6907: 6906: 6803:Lunar Flashlight 6290:Lunar Prospector 6076: 6075: 5957:(service module) 5929: 5928: 5756: 5749: 5742: 5733: 5732: 5632:Troctolite 76535 5535:Fallen Astronaut 5514:Lunar operations 5350:Tranquility Base 5257:Pad Abort Test-2 5237:Pad Abort Test-1 5050: 5049: 4933: 4892:Launch complexes 4871:List of missions 4853: 4846: 4839: 4830: 4829: 4710: 4679:Wilhelms, Don E. 4674: 4643:Cassutt, Michael 4639:Stafford, Thomas 4634: 4603:Cassutt, Michael 4594: 4563: 4561: 4524: 4512: 4479: 4449: 4413: 4375: 4335: 4297: 4295: 4289:. NASA SP-4205. 4258: 4246: 4244: 4233: 4222: 4220: 4209: 4188: 4182: 4176: 4170: 4164: 4163: 4161: 4159: 4144: 4138: 4137: 4135: 4133: 4122: 4116: 4115: 4113: 4111: 4093: 4087: 4086: 4084: 4082: 4073:. Archived from 4058: 4052: 4051: 4049: 4047: 4032: 4026: 4025: 4023: 4021: 4006: 4000: 3999: 3997: 3995: 3986:. Archived from 3976: 3970: 3964: 3958: 3952: 3946: 3945: 3943: 3941: 3926: 3920: 3919: 3917: 3915: 3904: 3898: 3897: 3895: 3893: 3876: 3870: 3864: 3858: 3857: 3855: 3853: 3838: 3829: 3823: 3817: 3816: 3814: 3812: 3801:SpaceTimeDreamer 3792: 3786: 3780: 3774: 3773: 3771: 3769: 3754: 3748: 3747: 3745: 3743: 3728: 3722: 3716: 3710: 3709: 3707: 3705: 3690: 3681: 3680: 3678: 3676: 3664: 3658: 3657: 3655: 3653: 3648:. April 15, 2022 3638: 3632: 3631: 3629: 3627: 3612: 3606: 3600: 3594: 3588: 3582: 3581: 3579: 3577: 3570:Orlando Sentinel 3560: 3554: 3548: 3537: 3531: 3525: 3519: 3513: 3507: 3496: 3490: 3484: 3478: 3469: 3468: 3466: 3464: 3449: 3440: 3434: 3428: 3422: 3416: 3410: 3379: 3378: 3376: 3374: 3359: 3353: 3352: 3344: 3336: 3330: 3324: 3315: 3309: 3296: 3290: 3284: 3278: 3272: 3266: 3260: 3254: 3248: 3242: 3236: 3230: 3224: 3223: 3221: 3219: 3204: 3198: 3197: 3195: 3193: 3174: 3168: 3167: 3165: 3154: 3146: 3140: 3134: 3125: 3119: 3113: 3107: 3101: 3100: 3098: 3096: 3077: 3071: 3070: 3068: 3066: 3061:. March 11, 2019 3051: 3042: 3036: 3030: 3029: 3027: 3025: 3010: 3004: 2998: 2992: 2986: 2980: 2974: 2968: 2962: 2949: 2943: 2937: 2936:, pp. 6, 8. 2931: 2925: 2919: 2913: 2907: 2901: 2895: 2889: 2883: 2877: 2865: 2863: 2861: 2846: 2840: 2834: 2828: 2827: 2825: 2823: 2808: 2802: 2796: 2790: 2784: 2778: 2772: 2766: 2760: 2754: 2753: 2745: 2737: 2726: 2725: 2723: 2721: 2701: 2695: 2689: 2683: 2677: 2664: 2658: 2652: 2651: 2649: 2647: 2630: 2624: 2618: 2612: 2606: 2597: 2596: 2594: 2592: 2581: 2575: 2569: 2563: 2557: 2551: 2545: 2539: 2533: 2527: 2521: 2515: 2514: 2512: 2501: 2493: 2487: 2486: 2484: 2482: 2470: 2457: 2451: 2442: 2436: 2430: 2429: 2427: 2425: 2409: 2388: 2387: 2385: 2383: 2366: 2360: 2347: 2345: 2343: 2338:on June 19, 2001 2324: 2318: 2312: 2306: 2305: 2304: 2302: 2285: 2279: 2278: 2276: 2274: 2259: 2253: 2252: 2250: 2248: 2234: 2217: 2210: 2204: 2200: 2153: 2138: 2122: 2107: 2095: 2083: 2071: 2059: 2043: 2023:David M. Harland 1732: 1570:color television 1261: 1256: 1240: 1236: 1187:Harrison Schmitt 1049:Flight directors 966: 902:Eugene A. Cernan 874:Commander (CDR) 861: 858: 834: 763:for the CSM and 713:remained in the 699: 629: 624: 460:1.2 degrees 407: 406: 404: 403: 402: 400: 395: 394: 389: 384: 381: 380: 379: 376: 360: 358: 297: 295: 282:Start of mission 242:Eugene A. Cernan 121:Mission duration 103: 31: 24: 20: 9934: 9933: 9929: 9928: 9927: 9925: 9924: 9923: 9899:May 1969 events 9854: 9853: 9852: 9842: 9840: 9830: 9828: 9818: 9816: 9808: 9806: 9801: 9769: 9669: 9660:Mission patches 9635:Pioneer plaques 9598:Mystic Mountain 9575:Family Portrait 9568:The Blue Marble 9552: 9546: 9520:Apollo missions 9461: 9413: 9402: 9369: 9174: 9168: 9005:Mercury-Atlas 6 8975: 8971: 8961: 8895: 8831:Mariner Mark II 8795: 8776:Commercial Crew 8754: 8677: 8665: 8649:Mission Control 8548:Astronaut Corps 8543:Chief Scientist 8521: 8426: 8410: 8405: 8375: 8370: 8355: 8189:SOICAL Cylinder 8001:Molniya-1 No.18 7816:Molniya-1 No.16 7662:Luna E-8 No.201 7557: 7556: 7546: 7544: 7543: 7541: 7535: 7505: 7500: 7485: 7456:Lunar resources 7414: 7286: 7276: 7237: 7168: 7158: 7087: 7062: 7013: 6981: 6902: 6892: 6727: 6719:(Chandrayaan-2) 6650:Failed landings 6645: 6565: 6541:(Chandrayaan-3) 6479: 6466:(Chandrayaan-3) 6367: 6314: 6265:Lunar Orbiter 1 6134: 6079:Crewed landings 6071: 6061: 6045: 6029: 6003: 5978: 5924: 5918: 5810:Lunar Precursor 5777: 5769: 5760: 5730: 5725: 5714: 5688: 5654: 5646: 5594:The Blue Marble 5581: 5565: 5556:Seatbelt basalt 5529:Hadley–Apennine 5524:Return to Earth 5519:Solo operations 5497: 5466: 5450: 5418:Surveyor crater 5408:Statio Cognitum 5396: 5334:Command Module 5322: 5318:Genesis reading 5295: 5266: 5218: 5179:Saturn-Apollo 1 5171: 5165: 5094: 5041: 5008: 4975:Launch vehicles 4970: 4934: 4925: 4887: 4862: 4857: 4825:at ApolloTV.net 4814:Wayback Machine 4755:Wayback Machine 4718: 4713: 4699: 4663: 4648:We Have Capture 4623: 4583: 4559: 4537: 4522: 4501: 4468: 4438: 4402: 4380:French, Francis 4364: 4340:Chaikin, Andrew 4324: 4293: 4271: 4256: 4242: 4231: 4218: 4207: 4197: 4192: 4191: 4183: 4179: 4171: 4167: 4157: 4155: 4145: 4141: 4131: 4129: 4124: 4123: 4119: 4109: 4107: 4094: 4090: 4080: 4078: 4059: 4055: 4045: 4043: 4033: 4029: 4019: 4017: 4016:. Heavens-Above 4008: 4007: 4003: 3993: 3991: 3978: 3977: 3973: 3969:, p. 1397. 3965: 3961: 3953: 3949: 3939: 3937: 3927: 3923: 3913: 3911: 3906: 3905: 3901: 3891: 3889: 3877: 3873: 3865: 3861: 3851: 3849: 3840: 3839: 3832: 3824: 3820: 3810: 3808: 3793: 3789: 3781: 3777: 3767: 3765: 3755: 3751: 3741: 3739: 3729: 3725: 3717: 3713: 3703: 3701: 3692: 3691: 3684: 3674: 3672: 3665: 3661: 3651: 3649: 3640: 3639: 3635: 3625: 3623: 3613: 3609: 3601: 3597: 3589: 3585: 3575: 3573: 3561: 3557: 3549: 3540: 3532: 3528: 3520: 3516: 3508: 3499: 3491: 3487: 3479: 3472: 3462: 3460: 3450: 3443: 3435: 3431: 3423: 3419: 3411: 3382: 3372: 3370: 3361: 3360: 3356: 3337: 3333: 3325: 3318: 3310: 3299: 3291: 3287: 3279: 3275: 3267: 3263: 3255: 3251: 3243: 3239: 3231: 3227: 3217: 3215: 3205: 3201: 3191: 3189: 3176: 3175: 3171: 3163: 3152: 3148: 3147: 3143: 3135: 3128: 3120: 3116: 3112:, p. 14-1. 3108: 3104: 3094: 3092: 3079: 3078: 3074: 3064: 3062: 3053: 3052: 3045: 3037: 3033: 3023: 3021: 3012: 3011: 3007: 2999: 2995: 2987: 2983: 2975: 2971: 2963: 2952: 2944: 2940: 2932: 2928: 2920: 2916: 2908: 2904: 2896: 2892: 2884: 2880: 2859: 2857: 2847: 2843: 2835: 2831: 2821: 2819: 2809: 2805: 2797: 2793: 2789:, p. 1156. 2785: 2781: 2773: 2769: 2765:, p. 1348. 2761: 2757: 2738: 2729: 2719: 2717: 2710:Rice University 2702: 2698: 2690: 2686: 2678: 2667: 2659: 2655: 2645: 2643: 2631: 2627: 2619: 2615: 2607: 2600: 2590: 2588: 2583: 2582: 2578: 2570: 2566: 2558: 2554: 2546: 2542: 2534: 2530: 2522: 2518: 2510: 2499: 2495: 2494: 2490: 2480: 2478: 2471: 2460: 2452: 2445: 2437: 2433: 2423: 2421: 2418:Drew ex Machina 2410: 2391: 2381: 2379: 2367: 2363: 2357:Wayback Machine 2341: 2339: 2326: 2325: 2321: 2313: 2309: 2300: 2298: 2287: 2286: 2282: 2272: 2270: 2261: 2260: 2256: 2246: 2244: 2236: 2235: 2231: 2226: 2221: 2220: 2211: 2207: 2201: 2197: 2192: 2170: 2163: 2154: 2145: 2139: 2130: 2123: 2114: 2108: 2099: 2096: 2087: 2084: 2075: 2072: 2063: 2060: 2051: 2044: 2035: 2009: 1981:escape velocity 1946: 1902:Chief Astronaut 1891:John F. Kennedy 1878: 1864:cargo plane to 1779: 1777:Return to Earth 1723: 1641: 1606: 1593: 1552:low Earth orbit 1512: 1499: 1439: 1249:Apollo 11 LM-5 1246:Apollo 10 LM-4 1235: 1160: 1085: 964: 961:Michael Collins 904: 892: 880: 857: 832: 793: 786: 781: 719:Thomas Stafford 697: 661: 660: 654: 647: 631:Left to right: 630: 574:Docking with LM 398: 396: 392: 390: 386: 385: 382: 377: 374: 372: 370: 369: 356: 354: 293: 291: 269: 246: 183: 160: 116: 94: 49: 17: 12: 11: 5: 9932: 9922: 9921: 9916: 9911: 9906: 9901: 9896: 9891: 9886: 9881: 9876: 9871: 9866: 9851: 9850: 9838: 9826: 9803: 9802: 9800: 9799: 9787: 9774: 9771: 9770: 9768: 9767: 9762: 9757: 9755:Astronauts Day 9752: 9747: 9742: 9737: 9732: 9727: 9722: 9721: 9720: 9715: 9705: 9700: 9695: 9690: 9685: 9677: 9675: 9671: 9670: 9668: 9667: 9662: 9657: 9652: 9647: 9642: 9637: 9632: 9627: 9622: 9615: 9608: 9601: 9594: 9587: 9586: 9585: 9571: 9564: 9556: 9554: 9548: 9547: 9545: 9544: 9539: 9534: 9529: 9528: 9527: 9522: 9517: 9507: 9502: 9501: 9500: 9495: 9490: 9485: 9480: 9469: 9467: 9463: 9462: 9460: 9459: 9454: 9448: 9443: 9438: 9429: 9424: 9418: 9416: 9414:and navigation 9412:Communications 9408: 9407: 9404: 9403: 9401: 9400: 9395: 9392:Europa Clipper 9388: 9383: 9377: 9375: 9371: 9370: 9368: 9367: 9362: 9361: 9360: 9350: 9349: 9348: 9343: 9330: 9325: 9320: 9315: 9310: 9305: 9298: 9291: 9286: 9285: 9284: 9274: 9267: 9262: 9257: 9252: 9247: 9242: 9241: 9240: 9227: 9222: 9217: 9210: 9205: 9200: 9193: 9186: 9178: 9176: 9170: 9169: 9167: 9166: 9165: 9164: 9151: 9144: 9139: 9138: 9137: 9132: 9119: 9114: 9107: 9100: 9095: 9088: 9083: 9075: 9067: 9062: 9057: 9052: 9047: 9042: 9041: 9040: 9028: 9021: 9014: 9007: 9002: 8997: 8992: 8986: 8984: 8977: 8967: 8966: 8963: 8962: 8960: 8959: 8954: 8949: 8944: 8939: 8934: 8929: 8924: 8919: 8914: 8909: 8903: 8901: 8897: 8896: 8894: 8893: 8888: 8883: 8878: 8873: 8868: 8863: 8858: 8853: 8848: 8846:New Millennium 8843: 8838: 8833: 8828: 8823: 8817: 8815: 8808: 8801: 8800: 8797: 8796: 8794: 8793: 8788: 8783: 8778: 8773: 8768: 8762: 8760: 8756: 8755: 8753: 8752: 8747: 8734: 8729: 8719: 8714: 8709: 8704: 8699: 8688: 8686: 8679: 8671: 8670: 8667: 8666: 8664: 8663: 8658: 8657: 8656: 8651: 8641: 8640: 8639: 8634: 8629: 8624: 8619: 8609: 8604: 8599: 8594: 8589: 8584: 8579: 8578: 8577: 8567: 8562: 8561: 8560: 8555: 8545: 8540: 8535: 8529: 8527: 8523: 8522: 8520: 8519: 8513: 8507: 8501: 8495: 8489: 8483: 8477: 8471: 8465: 8459: 8453: 8447: 8441: 8434: 8432: 8419: 8412: 8411: 8404: 8403: 8396: 8389: 8381: 8372: 8371: 8360: 8357: 8356: 8354: 8353: 8346: 8341: 8336: 8331: 8326: 8321: 8316: 8311: 8304: 8299: 8294: 8289: 8284: 8277: 8272: 8267: 8262: 8257: 8252: 8247: 8242: 8237: 8232: 8227: 8222: 8215: 8208: 8201: 8199:Meteor-1 No.15 8196: 8191: 8186: 8181: 8176: 8171: 8166: 8161: 8156: 8151: 8146: 8141: 8136: 8131: 8126: 8121: 8114: 8109: 8104: 8099: 8094: 8087: 8080: 8075: 8070: 8065: 8060: 8055: 8050: 8045: 8040: 8035: 8030: 8025: 8020: 8015: 8012:DS-P1-Yu No.23 8008: 8003: 7998: 7993: 7986: 7981: 7976: 7969: 7962: 7960:Biosatellite 3 7957: 7952: 7947: 7942: 7937: 7930: 7925: 7920: 7915: 7910: 7905: 7900: 7895: 7890: 7885: 7880: 7875: 7870: 7863: 7858: 7853: 7848: 7843: 7838: 7833: 7828: 7823: 7818: 7813: 7808: 7803: 7798: 7791: 7786: 7781: 7774: 7772:Meteor-1 No.12 7769: 7764: 7759: 7754: 7749: 7744: 7739: 7734: 7729: 7724: 7719: 7714: 7709: 7704: 7699: 7692: 7687: 7682: 7677: 7672: 7665: 7658: 7653: 7648: 7643: 7638: 7633: 7630:Meteor-1 No.11 7626: 7621: 7614: 7609: 7604: 7599: 7592: 7585: 7578: 7573: 7568: 7562: 7559: 7558: 7552: 7537: 7534: 7533: 7526: 7519: 7511: 7502: 7501: 7499: 7498: 7490: 7487: 7486: 7484: 7483: 7478: 7473: 7468: 7463: 7458: 7453: 7448: 7443: 7438: 7433: 7428: 7422: 7420: 7416: 7415: 7413: 7412: 7407: 7402: 7397: 7392: 7387: 7382: 7377: 7372: 7367: 7362: 7357: 7355:Lunar Observer 7352: 7347: 7342: 7337: 7330: 7325: 7320: 7315: 7310: 7303: 7298: 7290: 7288: 7282: 7281: 7278: 7277: 7275: 7274: 7267: 7260: 7253: 7245: 7243: 7239: 7238: 7236: 7235: 7230: 7225: 7220: 7215: 7210: 7205: 7200: 7195: 7190: 7185: 7179: 7177: 7170: 7164: 7163: 7160: 7159: 7157: 7156: 7150: 7144: 7138: 7132: 7126: 7120: 7114: 7108: 7102: 7095: 7093: 7089: 7088: 7086: 7085: 7079: 7072: 7070: 7064: 7063: 7061: 7060: 7054: 7048: 7042: 7036: 7030: 7023: 7021: 7015: 7014: 7012: 7011: 7010: 7009: 6998: 6991: 6989: 6983: 6982: 6980: 6979: 6971: 6963: 6955: 6947: 6939: 6931: 6924: 6915: 6913: 6904: 6898: 6897: 6894: 6893: 6891: 6890: 6885: 6880: 6875: 6870: 6865: 6860: 6855: 6850: 6845: 6840: 6835: 6830: 6825: 6820: 6815: 6810: 6805: 6800: 6795: 6790: 6785: 6780: 6775: 6770: 6765: 6760: 6755: 6750: 6743: 6737: 6735: 6729: 6728: 6726: 6725: 6720: 6714: 6709: 6704: 6699: 6694: 6689: 6684: 6679: 6674: 6669: 6664: 6659: 6653: 6651: 6647: 6646: 6644: 6643: 6638: 6633: 6628: 6623: 6618: 6611: 6604: 6597: 6590: 6583: 6575: 6573: 6567: 6566: 6564: 6563: 6558: 6548: 6543: 6538: 6533: 6528: 6523: 6518: 6517: 6516: 6509: 6502: 6489: 6487: 6481: 6480: 6478: 6477: 6472: 6467: 6461: 6456: 6451: 6446: 6441: 6436: 6431: 6426: 6421: 6416: 6411: 6406: 6401: 6396: 6391: 6386: 6377: 6375: 6369: 6368: 6366: 6365: 6360: 6355: 6350: 6345: 6340: 6335: 6330: 6324: 6322: 6316: 6315: 6313: 6312: 6307: 6302: 6297: 6292: 6287: 6282: 6277: 6272: 6267: 6262: 6257: 6252: 6247: 6242: 6237: 6232: 6227: 6222: 6217: 6212: 6207: 6202: 6197: 6191: 6186: 6181: 6176: 6171: 6166: 6165: 6164: 6150: 6142: 6140: 6136: 6135: 6133: 6132: 6125: 6118: 6111: 6104: 6097: 6090: 6082: 6080: 6073: 6067: 6066: 6063: 6062: 6060: 6059: 6053: 6051: 6047: 6046: 6044: 6043: 6037: 6035: 6031: 6030: 6028: 6027: 6022: 6017: 6011: 6009: 6005: 6004: 6002: 6001: 5996: 5991: 5986: 5981: 5976: 5968: 5963: 5958: 5952: 5946: 5941: 5935: 5933: 5926: 5920: 5919: 5917: 5916: 5915: 5914: 5909: 5904: 5899: 5889: 5888: 5887: 5877: 5876: 5875: 5865: 5864: 5863: 5853: 5852: 5851: 5841: 5840: 5839: 5829: 5828: 5827: 5822: 5817: 5812: 5807: 5802: 5797: 5792: 5781: 5779: 5771: 5770: 5759: 5758: 5751: 5744: 5736: 5727: 5726: 5724: 5723: 5719: 5716: 5715: 5713: 5712: 5707: 5702: 5696: 5694: 5690: 5689: 5687: 5686: 5681: 5680: 5679: 5674: 5669: 5658: 5656: 5648: 5647: 5645: 5644: 5639: 5634: 5629: 5628: 5627: 5617: 5612: 5607: 5602: 5600:Taurus–Littrow 5597: 5589: 5587: 5583: 5582: 5580: 5579: 5573: 5571: 5567: 5566: 5564: 5563: 5558: 5553: 5548: 5543: 5538: 5531: 5526: 5521: 5516: 5511: 5505: 5503: 5499: 5498: 5496: 5495: 5490: 5485: 5480: 5474: 5472: 5468: 5467: 5465: 5464: 5458: 5456: 5452: 5451: 5449: 5448: 5439: 5432: 5427: 5422: 5421: 5420: 5415: 5404: 5402: 5398: 5397: 5395: 5394: 5389: 5388: 5387: 5377: 5372: 5367: 5362: 5357: 5352: 5347: 5339: 5330: 5328: 5324: 5323: 5321: 5320: 5315: 5307: 5305: 5301: 5300: 5297: 5296: 5294: 5293: 5288: 5283: 5277: 5275: 5268: 5267: 5265: 5264: 5259: 5254: 5249: 5244: 5239: 5234: 5228: 5226: 5220: 5219: 5217: 5216: 5211: 5206: 5201: 5196: 5191: 5186: 5181: 5175: 5173: 5167: 5166: 5164: 5163: 5158: 5153: 5148: 5143: 5138: 5133: 5128: 5123: 5118: 5113: 5108: 5102: 5100: 5096: 5095: 5093: 5092: 5087: 5082: 5077: 5072: 5067: 5062: 5056: 5054: 5047: 5043: 5042: 5040: 5039: 5034: 5033: 5032: 5027: 5016: 5014: 5010: 5009: 5007: 5006: 5005: 5004: 4999: 4994: 4984: 4978: 4976: 4972: 4971: 4969: 4968: 4963: 4958: 4953: 4948: 4942: 4940: 4936: 4935: 4928: 4926: 4924: 4923: 4922: 4921: 4916: 4906: 4901: 4895: 4893: 4889: 4888: 4886: 4885: 4880: 4879: 4878: 4867: 4864: 4863: 4860:Apollo program 4856: 4855: 4848: 4841: 4833: 4827: 4826: 4820: 4804: 4795: 4785: 4771: 4770: 4764: 4758: 4737: 4736: 4731: 4725: 4717: 4716:External links 4714: 4712: 4711: 4697: 4675: 4661: 4635: 4621: 4595: 4581: 4564: 4535: 4513: 4499: 4480: 4466: 4450: 4436: 4420:, ed. (2010). 4418:Glenday, Craig 4414: 4400: 4384:Burgess, Colin 4376: 4362: 4348:. Foreword by 4336: 4322: 4298: 4269: 4247: 4223: 4198: 4196: 4193: 4190: 4189: 4187:, p. 261. 4177: 4165: 4139: 4117: 4088: 4067:Discovery News 4053: 4027: 4001: 3971: 3959: 3957:, p. 469. 3947: 3921: 3899: 3871: 3869:, p. 222. 3859: 3848:. May 23, 2019 3830: 3818: 3787: 3785:, p. 458. 3775: 3749: 3723: 3721:, p. 220. 3711: 3682: 3659: 3633: 3607: 3595: 3593:, p. 218. 3583: 3555: 3553:, p. 159. 3538: 3536:, p. 192. 3526: 3524:, p. 191. 3514: 3512:, p. 158. 3497: 3485: 3470: 3441: 3429: 3427:, p. 156. 3417: 3380: 3354: 3331: 3316: 3314:, p. 260. 3297: 3293:Mission Report 3285: 3273: 3261: 3259:, p. 286. 3249: 3237: 3225: 3199: 3169: 3141: 3126: 3114: 3110:Mission Report 3102: 3072: 3043: 3041:, p. 257. 3031: 3005: 2993: 2991:, p. 296. 2981: 2979:, p. 295. 2969: 2950: 2938: 2926: 2914: 2902: 2890: 2878: 2841: 2839:, p. 547. 2829: 2803: 2801:, p. 280. 2791: 2779: 2767: 2755: 2727: 2696: 2694:, p. 236. 2684: 2682:, p. 256. 2665: 2663:, p. 261. 2653: 2625: 2623:, p. 184. 2613: 2611:, p. 236. 2598: 2576: 2574:, p. 279. 2564: 2562:, p. 545. 2552: 2540: 2528: 2526:, p. 471. 2516: 2506:. March 2014. 2488: 2458: 2443: 2431: 2389: 2361: 2319: 2307: 2280: 2254: 2228: 2227: 2225: 2222: 2219: 2218: 2205: 2194: 2193: 2191: 2188: 2187: 2186: 2181: 2176: 2169: 2166: 2165: 2164: 2155: 2148: 2146: 2140: 2133: 2131: 2124: 2117: 2115: 2109: 2102: 2100: 2097: 2090: 2088: 2085: 2078: 2076: 2073: 2066: 2064: 2061: 2054: 2052: 2045: 2038: 2034: 2031: 2007: 1970:Charlie Brown' 1954:Science Museum 1945: 1942: 1883:Neil Armstrong 1877: 1874: 1835:American Samoa 1778: 1775: 1755:Charlie Brown. 1640: 1636:The flight of 1634: 1605: 1602: 1592: 1589: 1511: 1508: 1498: 1495: 1478:launch vehicle 1447:Command Module 1443:Service Module 1438: 1435: 1405: 1404: 1401: 1398: 1395: 1392: 1388: 1387: 1384: 1381: 1378: 1375: 1371: 1370: 1367: 1364: 1361: 1358: 1354: 1353: 1350: 1347: 1344: 1341: 1337: 1336: 1333: 1330: 1327: 1324: 1320: 1319: 1316: 1313: 1310: 1307: 1303: 1302: 1299: 1296: 1293: 1290: 1286: 1285: 1282: 1279: 1276: 1273: 1269: 1268: 1265: 1262: 1257: 1251: 1250: 1247: 1244: 1234: 1231: 1159: 1156: 1111:Charles Schulz 1084: 1081: 1012:George Mueller 988:Donn F. Eisele 986:as commander, 907: 906: 899: 895: 894: 887: 883: 882: 875: 871: 870: 867: 856: 853: 837:Apollo program 829:George Mueller 790:Apollo program 785: 782: 780: 777: 773:Charles Schulz 749:The mission's 676:Apollo program 663: 662: 655: 649: 648: 645:Apollo program 643: 617: 616: 613: 612: 609: 608:Undocking date 605: 604: 601: 597: 596: 592: 591: 588: 587:Undocking date 584: 583: 580: 576: 575: 571: 570: 567: 566: 563: 562: 559: 553: 552: 548: 547: 546:4 (while solo) 544: 540: 539: 534: 530: 529: 522: 521: 518: 514: 513: 510: 506: 505: 502: 498: 497: 492: 488: 487: 480: 479: 476: 475: 472: 471: 468: 462: 461: 458: 452: 451: 448: 442: 441: 438: 432: 431: 426: 422: 421: 417: 416: 413: 412: 409: 408: 367: 363: 362: 351: 347: 346: 338: 334: 333: 332:End of mission 329: 328: 325: 324: 321: 320: 318:Kennedy LC-39B 315: 311: 310: 304: 300: 299: 288: 284: 283: 279: 278: 275: 274: 271: 270: 268: 267: 261: 254: 252: 248: 247: 245: 244: 239: 234: 228: 226: 222: 221: 218: 214: 213: 209: 208: 205: 204: 201: 200: 197: 193: 192: 189: 185: 184: 182: 181: 175: 168: 166: 162: 161: 159: 158: 152: 145: 143: 139: 138: 134: 133: 130: 129: 126: 125: 122: 118: 117: 115: 114: 111: 107: 105: 96: 95: 93: 92: 89: 88:CSM: 1969-043A 85: 83: 77: 76: 71: 67: 66: 59: 55: 54: 51: 50: 32: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9931: 9920: 9917: 9915: 9912: 9910: 9907: 9905: 9902: 9900: 9897: 9895: 9892: 9890: 9887: 9885: 9882: 9880: 9877: 9875: 9872: 9870: 9867: 9865: 9862: 9861: 9859: 9849: 9839: 9837: 9827: 9825: 9815: 9814: 9811: 9798: 9797: 9788: 9786: 9785: 9776: 9775: 9772: 9766: 9765:Nikon NASA F4 9763: 9761: 9758: 9756: 9753: 9751: 9748: 9746: 9743: 9741: 9738: 9736: 9733: 9731: 9728: 9726: 9723: 9719: 9716: 9714: 9711: 9710: 9709: 9706: 9704: 9701: 9699: 9696: 9694: 9691: 9689: 9686: 9683: 9679: 9678: 9676: 9672: 9666: 9663: 9661: 9658: 9656: 9653: 9651: 9650:NASA insignia 9648: 9646: 9643: 9641: 9638: 9636: 9633: 9631: 9630:Lunar plaques 9628: 9626: 9623: 9621: 9620: 9616: 9614: 9613: 9609: 9607: 9606: 9602: 9600: 9599: 9595: 9593: 9592: 9588: 9584: 9583: 9582:Pale Blue Dot 9579: 9578: 9577: 9576: 9572: 9570: 9569: 9565: 9563: 9562: 9558: 9557: 9555: 9549: 9543: 9540: 9538: 9535: 9533: 9530: 9526: 9523: 9521: 9518: 9516: 9513: 9512: 9511: 9510:NASA missions 9508: 9506: 9505:NASA aircraft 9503: 9499: 9496: 9494: 9491: 9489: 9486: 9484: 9481: 9479: 9476: 9475: 9474: 9471: 9470: 9468: 9464: 9458: 9455: 9452: 9449: 9447: 9444: 9442: 9439: 9437: 9433: 9430: 9428: 9427:Space Network 9425: 9423: 9420: 9419: 9417: 9415: 9409: 9399: 9396: 9394: 9393: 9389: 9387: 9384: 9382: 9379: 9378: 9376: 9372: 9366: 9363: 9359: 9356: 9355: 9354: 9351: 9347: 9344: 9342: 9340: 9336: 9335: 9334: 9331: 9329: 9326: 9324: 9321: 9319: 9316: 9314: 9311: 9309: 9306: 9304: 9303: 9299: 9297: 9296: 9292: 9290: 9287: 9283: 9280: 9279: 9278: 9275: 9273: 9272: 9268: 9266: 9263: 9261: 9258: 9256: 9253: 9251: 9248: 9246: 9243: 9239: 9236: 9235: 9234: 9232: 9228: 9226: 9223: 9221: 9218: 9216: 9215: 9211: 9209: 9206: 9204: 9201: 9199: 9198: 9194: 9192: 9191: 9187: 9185: 9184: 9180: 9179: 9177: 9171: 9163: 9160: 9159: 9158: 9156: 9152: 9150: 9149: 9145: 9143: 9140: 9136: 9133: 9131: 9128: 9127: 9126: 9124: 9120: 9118: 9115: 9113: 9112: 9108: 9106: 9105: 9101: 9099: 9096: 9094: 9093: 9089: 9087: 9084: 9082: 9080: 9076: 9074: 9072: 9068: 9066: 9063: 9061: 9060:Space Shuttle 9058: 9056: 9053: 9051: 9048: 9046: 9043: 9039: 9036: 9035: 9034: 9033: 9029: 9027: 9026: 9022: 9020: 9019: 9015: 9013: 9012: 9008: 9006: 9003: 9001: 8998: 8996: 8993: 8991: 8988: 8987: 8985: 8981: 8978: 8974: 8968: 8958: 8955: 8953: 8950: 8948: 8945: 8943: 8942:New Frontiers 8940: 8938: 8935: 8933: 8930: 8928: 8925: 8923: 8920: 8918: 8915: 8913: 8910: 8908: 8905: 8904: 8902: 8898: 8892: 8889: 8887: 8884: 8882: 8879: 8877: 8874: 8872: 8869: 8867: 8864: 8862: 8859: 8857: 8854: 8852: 8851:Lunar Orbiter 8849: 8847: 8844: 8842: 8839: 8837: 8834: 8832: 8829: 8827: 8824: 8822: 8819: 8818: 8816: 8812: 8809: 8806: 8802: 8792: 8791:Lunar Gateway 8789: 8787: 8784: 8782: 8779: 8777: 8774: 8772: 8769: 8767: 8764: 8763: 8761: 8757: 8751: 8750:Constellation 8748: 8745: 8741: 8740: 8735: 8733: 8732:Space Shuttle 8730: 8727: 8723: 8720: 8718: 8715: 8713: 8710: 8708: 8705: 8703: 8700: 8697: 8693: 8690: 8689: 8687: 8683: 8680: 8676: 8672: 8662: 8659: 8655: 8652: 8650: 8647: 8646: 8645: 8642: 8638: 8635: 8633: 8630: 8628: 8625: 8623: 8620: 8618: 8615: 8614: 8613: 8610: 8608: 8605: 8603: 8600: 8598: 8595: 8593: 8590: 8588: 8585: 8583: 8580: 8576: 8573: 8572: 8571: 8570:NASA research 8568: 8566: 8563: 8559: 8556: 8554: 8551: 8550: 8549: 8546: 8544: 8541: 8539: 8536: 8534: 8531: 8530: 8528: 8524: 8517: 8514: 8511: 8508: 8505: 8502: 8499: 8496: 8493: 8490: 8487: 8484: 8481: 8478: 8475: 8472: 8469: 8466: 8463: 8460: 8457: 8454: 8451: 8448: 8445: 8442: 8439: 8436: 8435: 8433: 8430: 8423: 8420: 8417: 8413: 8409: 8402: 8397: 8395: 8390: 8388: 8383: 8382: 8379: 8368: 8364: 8358: 8352: 8351: 8347: 8345: 8344:Interkosmos 2 8342: 8340: 8337: 8335: 8332: 8330: 8327: 8325: 8322: 8320: 8317: 8315: 8312: 8310: 8309: 8305: 8303: 8300: 8298: 8295: 8293: 8290: 8288: 8285: 8283: 8282: 8278: 8276: 8273: 8271: 8268: 8266: 8263: 8261: 8258: 8256: 8253: 8251: 8248: 8246: 8243: 8241: 8238: 8236: 8233: 8231: 8228: 8226: 8225:Interkosmos 1 8223: 8221: 8220: 8216: 8214: 8213: 8209: 8207: 8206: 8202: 8200: 8197: 8195: 8192: 8190: 8187: 8185: 8182: 8180: 8177: 8175: 8172: 8170: 8167: 8165: 8162: 8160: 8157: 8155: 8152: 8150: 8147: 8145: 8142: 8140: 8137: 8135: 8132: 8130: 8127: 8125: 8122: 8120: 8119: 8115: 8113: 8110: 8108: 8105: 8103: 8100: 8098: 8095: 8093: 8092: 8088: 8086: 8085: 8081: 8079: 8076: 8074: 8071: 8069: 8066: 8064: 8061: 8059: 8056: 8054: 8051: 8049: 8046: 8044: 8041: 8039: 8036: 8034: 8031: 8029: 8026: 8024: 8021: 8019: 8016: 8014: 8013: 8009: 8007: 8004: 8002: 7999: 7997: 7994: 7992: 7991: 7987: 7985: 7982: 7980: 7977: 7975: 7974: 7970: 7968: 7967: 7963: 7961: 7958: 7956: 7953: 7951: 7948: 7946: 7943: 7941: 7938: 7936: 7935: 7931: 7929: 7926: 7924: 7921: 7919: 7916: 7914: 7911: 7909: 7906: 7904: 7901: 7899: 7896: 7894: 7891: 7889: 7886: 7884: 7881: 7879: 7876: 7874: 7871: 7869: 7868: 7864: 7862: 7859: 7857: 7854: 7852: 7849: 7847: 7844: 7842: 7839: 7837: 7834: 7832: 7829: 7827: 7824: 7822: 7819: 7817: 7814: 7812: 7809: 7807: 7804: 7802: 7799: 7797: 7796: 7792: 7790: 7787: 7785: 7782: 7780: 7779: 7775: 7773: 7770: 7768: 7765: 7763: 7760: 7758: 7755: 7753: 7750: 7748: 7745: 7743: 7740: 7738: 7735: 7733: 7730: 7728: 7725: 7723: 7720: 7718: 7715: 7713: 7710: 7708: 7705: 7703: 7700: 7698: 7697: 7693: 7691: 7688: 7686: 7683: 7681: 7678: 7676: 7673: 7671: 7670: 7666: 7664: 7663: 7659: 7657: 7654: 7652: 7649: 7647: 7644: 7642: 7639: 7637: 7634: 7632: 7631: 7627: 7625: 7622: 7620: 7619: 7615: 7613: 7610: 7608: 7605: 7603: 7600: 7598: 7597: 7593: 7591: 7590: 7586: 7584: 7583: 7579: 7577: 7574: 7572: 7569: 7567: 7564: 7563: 7560: 7555: 7551: 7540: 7532: 7527: 7525: 7520: 7518: 7513: 7512: 7509: 7496: 7492: 7491: 7488: 7482: 7479: 7477: 7474: 7472: 7469: 7467: 7464: 7462: 7459: 7457: 7454: 7452: 7449: 7447: 7444: 7442: 7439: 7437: 7434: 7432: 7429: 7427: 7424: 7423: 7421: 7417: 7411: 7408: 7406: 7403: 7401: 7398: 7396: 7393: 7391: 7388: 7386: 7383: 7381: 7378: 7376: 7373: 7371: 7368: 7366: 7363: 7361: 7358: 7356: 7353: 7351: 7348: 7346: 7343: 7341: 7338: 7336: 7335: 7331: 7329: 7326: 7324: 7321: 7319: 7316: 7314: 7311: 7309: 7308: 7304: 7302: 7299: 7297: 7296: 7292: 7291: 7289: 7283: 7273: 7272: 7268: 7266: 7265: 7261: 7259: 7258: 7254: 7252: 7251: 7247: 7246: 7244: 7240: 7234: 7231: 7229: 7226: 7224: 7221: 7219: 7216: 7214: 7211: 7209: 7206: 7204: 7201: 7199: 7196: 7194: 7191: 7189: 7186: 7184: 7181: 7180: 7178: 7174: 7171: 7165: 7154: 7151: 7148: 7145: 7142: 7139: 7136: 7133: 7130: 7127: 7124: 7121: 7118: 7115: 7112: 7109: 7106: 7103: 7100: 7097: 7096: 7094: 7090: 7083: 7080: 7077: 7074: 7073: 7071: 7069: 7065: 7058: 7055: 7052: 7049: 7046: 7043: 7040: 7037: 7034: 7031: 7028: 7025: 7024: 7022: 7020: 7016: 7008: 7005: 7004: 7002: 6999: 6996: 6993: 6992: 6990: 6988: 6984: 6977: 6976: 6972: 6969: 6968: 6964: 6961: 6960: 6956: 6953: 6952: 6948: 6945: 6944: 6940: 6937: 6936: 6932: 6930: 6929: 6928:Lunar Gateway 6925: 6922: 6921: 6917: 6916: 6914: 6912: 6908: 6905: 6899: 6889: 6886: 6884: 6881: 6879: 6876: 6874: 6871: 6869: 6866: 6864: 6861: 6859: 6856: 6854: 6851: 6849: 6846: 6844: 6841: 6839: 6836: 6834: 6831: 6829: 6826: 6824: 6821: 6819: 6816: 6814: 6811: 6809: 6808:Lunar IceCube 6806: 6804: 6801: 6799: 6796: 6794: 6791: 6789: 6786: 6784: 6781: 6779: 6776: 6774: 6771: 6769: 6766: 6764: 6761: 6759: 6756: 6754: 6751: 6749: 6748: 6744: 6742: 6739: 6738: 6736: 6734: 6730: 6724: 6721: 6718: 6715: 6713: 6710: 6708: 6705: 6703: 6700: 6698: 6695: 6693: 6690: 6688: 6685: 6683: 6680: 6678: 6675: 6673: 6670: 6668: 6665: 6663: 6660: 6658: 6655: 6654: 6652: 6648: 6642: 6639: 6637: 6634: 6632: 6629: 6627: 6624: 6622: 6619: 6617: 6616: 6612: 6610: 6609: 6605: 6603: 6602: 6598: 6596: 6595: 6591: 6589: 6588: 6584: 6582: 6581: 6577: 6576: 6574: 6572: 6571:Sample return 6568: 6562: 6559: 6556: 6552: 6549: 6547: 6544: 6542: 6539: 6537: 6534: 6532: 6529: 6527: 6524: 6522: 6519: 6515: 6514: 6510: 6508: 6507: 6503: 6501: 6500: 6496: 6495: 6494: 6491: 6490: 6488: 6486: 6482: 6476: 6473: 6471: 6468: 6465: 6462: 6460: 6457: 6455: 6452: 6450: 6447: 6445: 6442: 6440: 6437: 6435: 6432: 6430: 6427: 6425: 6422: 6420: 6417: 6415: 6412: 6410: 6407: 6405: 6402: 6400: 6397: 6395: 6392: 6390: 6387: 6384: 6383: 6379: 6378: 6376: 6374: 6370: 6364: 6361: 6359: 6356: 6354: 6351: 6349: 6346: 6344: 6341: 6339: 6336: 6334: 6331: 6329: 6326: 6325: 6323: 6321: 6317: 6311: 6308: 6306: 6303: 6301: 6298: 6296: 6293: 6291: 6288: 6286: 6283: 6281: 6278: 6276: 6273: 6271: 6268: 6266: 6263: 6261: 6258: 6256: 6253: 6251: 6248: 6246: 6243: 6241: 6238: 6236: 6233: 6231: 6228: 6226: 6223: 6221: 6218: 6216: 6213: 6211: 6208: 6206: 6203: 6201: 6198: 6195: 6194:Chandrayaan-3 6192: 6190: 6189:Chandrayaan-1 6187: 6185: 6182: 6180: 6177: 6175: 6172: 6170: 6167: 6163: 6162: 6158: 6157: 6156: 6155: 6151: 6149: 6148: 6144: 6143: 6141: 6137: 6130: 6126: 6124: 6123: 6119: 6117: 6116: 6112: 6110: 6109: 6105: 6103: 6102: 6098: 6096: 6095: 6091: 6089: 6088: 6084: 6083: 6081: 6077: 6074: 6068: 6058: 6055: 6054: 6052: 6048: 6042: 6039: 6038: 6036: 6032: 6026: 6023: 6021: 6018: 6016: 6013: 6012: 6010: 6006: 6000: 5997: 5995: 5992: 5990: 5987: 5985: 5982: 5979: 5972: 5969: 5967: 5964: 5962: 5959: 5956: 5953: 5950: 5949:Chandrayaan-2 5947: 5945: 5942: 5940: 5937: 5936: 5934: 5930: 5927: 5921: 5913: 5910: 5908: 5905: 5903: 5900: 5898: 5895: 5894: 5893: 5890: 5886: 5883: 5882: 5881: 5878: 5874: 5871: 5870: 5869: 5866: 5862: 5859: 5858: 5857: 5854: 5850: 5847: 5846: 5845: 5842: 5838: 5835: 5834: 5833: 5830: 5826: 5823: 5821: 5818: 5816: 5813: 5811: 5808: 5806: 5805:Lunar Orbiter 5803: 5801: 5798: 5796: 5793: 5791: 5788: 5787: 5786: 5783: 5782: 5780: 5776: 5772: 5768: 5764: 5757: 5752: 5750: 5745: 5743: 5738: 5737: 5734: 5721: 5720: 5717: 5711: 5708: 5706: 5703: 5701: 5698: 5697: 5695: 5691: 5685: 5682: 5678: 5675: 5673: 5670: 5668: 5665: 5664: 5663: 5660: 5659: 5657: 5653: 5649: 5643: 5640: 5638: 5635: 5633: 5630: 5626: 5623: 5622: 5621: 5618: 5616: 5615:Shorty crater 5613: 5611: 5608: 5606: 5603: 5601: 5598: 5596: 5595: 5591: 5590: 5588: 5584: 5578: 5575: 5574: 5572: 5568: 5562: 5559: 5557: 5554: 5552: 5549: 5547: 5544: 5542: 5539: 5537: 5536: 5532: 5530: 5527: 5525: 5522: 5520: 5517: 5515: 5512: 5510: 5507: 5506: 5504: 5500: 5494: 5491: 5489: 5486: 5484: 5481: 5479: 5476: 5475: 5473: 5469: 5463: 5460: 5459: 5457: 5453: 5447: 5445: 5440: 5438: 5437: 5433: 5431: 5428: 5426: 5423: 5419: 5416: 5414: 5411: 5410: 5409: 5406: 5405: 5403: 5399: 5393: 5390: 5386: 5383: 5382: 5381: 5380:Anniversaries 5378: 5376: 5375:Missing tapes 5373: 5371: 5368: 5366: 5363: 5361: 5358: 5356: 5355:Double crater 5353: 5351: 5348: 5346: 5345: 5342:Lunar Module 5340: 5338: 5337: 5332: 5331: 5329: 5325: 5319: 5316: 5314: 5313: 5309: 5308: 5306: 5302: 5292: 5289: 5287: 5284: 5282: 5279: 5278: 5276: 5273: 5269: 5263: 5260: 5258: 5255: 5253: 5250: 5248: 5245: 5243: 5240: 5238: 5235: 5233: 5230: 5229: 5227: 5225: 5221: 5215: 5212: 5210: 5207: 5205: 5202: 5200: 5197: 5195: 5192: 5190: 5187: 5185: 5182: 5180: 5177: 5176: 5174: 5168: 5162: 5159: 5157: 5154: 5152: 5149: 5147: 5144: 5142: 5139: 5137: 5134: 5132: 5129: 5127: 5124: 5122: 5119: 5117: 5114: 5112: 5109: 5107: 5104: 5103: 5101: 5097: 5091: 5088: 5086: 5083: 5081: 5078: 5076: 5073: 5071: 5068: 5066: 5063: 5061: 5058: 5057: 5055: 5051: 5048: 5044: 5038: 5035: 5031: 5028: 5026: 5023: 5022: 5021: 5018: 5017: 5015: 5011: 5003: 5000: 4998: 4995: 4993: 4990: 4989: 4988: 4985: 4983: 4982:Little Joe II 4980: 4979: 4977: 4973: 4967: 4964: 4962: 4959: 4957: 4954: 4952: 4949: 4947: 4944: 4943: 4941: 4937: 4932: 4920: 4917: 4915: 4912: 4911: 4910: 4907: 4905: 4902: 4900: 4897: 4896: 4894: 4890: 4884: 4881: 4877: 4874: 4873: 4872: 4869: 4868: 4865: 4861: 4854: 4849: 4847: 4842: 4840: 4835: 4834: 4831: 4824: 4821: 4819: 4815: 4811: 4808: 4805: 4803: 4799: 4796: 4793: 4789: 4786: 4783: 4782: 4778: 4777: 4776: 4775: 4768: 4765: 4762: 4759: 4756: 4752: 4749: 4748: 4744: 4743: 4742: 4741: 4735: 4732: 4729: 4726: 4723: 4720: 4719: 4708: 4704: 4700: 4694: 4690: 4686: 4685: 4680: 4676: 4672: 4668: 4664: 4658: 4654: 4650: 4649: 4644: 4640: 4636: 4632: 4628: 4624: 4618: 4614: 4610: 4609: 4604: 4600: 4596: 4592: 4588: 4584: 4578: 4574: 4570: 4565: 4558: 4554: 4550: 4546: 4542: 4538: 4532: 4528: 4521: 4520: 4514: 4510: 4506: 4502: 4496: 4492: 4488: 4487: 4481: 4477: 4473: 4469: 4463: 4459: 4455: 4451: 4447: 4443: 4439: 4433: 4429: 4425: 4424: 4419: 4415: 4411: 4407: 4403: 4397: 4393: 4389: 4385: 4381: 4377: 4373: 4369: 4365: 4359: 4355: 4354:Penguin Books 4351: 4347: 4346: 4341: 4337: 4333: 4329: 4325: 4319: 4315: 4311: 4307: 4303: 4299: 4292: 4288: 4284: 4280: 4276: 4272: 4266: 4262: 4255: 4254: 4248: 4241: 4237: 4230: 4229: 4224: 4217: 4213: 4206: 4205: 4200: 4199: 4186: 4181: 4174: 4169: 4154: 4150: 4143: 4127: 4121: 4106: 4102: 4098: 4092: 4076: 4072: 4068: 4064: 4057: 4042: 4038: 4031: 4020:September 23, 4015: 4011: 4005: 3989: 3985: 3981: 3975: 3968: 3963: 3956: 3951: 3936: 3932: 3925: 3909: 3903: 3888: 3887: 3882: 3875: 3868: 3863: 3847: 3843: 3837: 3835: 3828:, p. 13. 3827: 3822: 3811:September 20, 3806: 3802: 3798: 3791: 3784: 3779: 3764: 3760: 3753: 3738: 3734: 3727: 3720: 3715: 3699: 3695: 3689: 3687: 3670: 3663: 3647: 3643: 3637: 3622: 3618: 3611: 3604: 3599: 3592: 3587: 3572: 3571: 3566: 3559: 3552: 3547: 3545: 3543: 3535: 3530: 3523: 3518: 3511: 3506: 3504: 3502: 3494: 3489: 3482: 3477: 3475: 3459: 3455: 3448: 3446: 3438: 3433: 3426: 3421: 3414: 3409: 3407: 3405: 3403: 3401: 3399: 3397: 3395: 3393: 3391: 3389: 3387: 3385: 3368: 3364: 3358: 3351:. p. 94. 3350: 3349: 3343: 3335: 3328: 3323: 3321: 3313: 3308: 3306: 3304: 3302: 3294: 3289: 3282: 3277: 3270: 3265: 3258: 3253: 3246: 3241: 3234: 3229: 3214: 3210: 3203: 3187: 3183: 3179: 3173: 3162: 3158: 3151: 3145: 3139:, p. 38. 3138: 3133: 3131: 3124:, p. 55. 3123: 3118: 3111: 3106: 3090: 3086: 3082: 3076: 3060: 3056: 3050: 3048: 3040: 3035: 3019: 3015: 3009: 3002: 2997: 2990: 2985: 2978: 2973: 2966: 2961: 2959: 2957: 2955: 2948:, p. 65. 2947: 2942: 2935: 2930: 2923: 2918: 2911: 2906: 2899: 2894: 2887: 2882: 2875: 2874: 2869: 2856: 2852: 2845: 2838: 2833: 2818: 2814: 2807: 2800: 2795: 2788: 2783: 2776: 2771: 2764: 2759: 2752:. p. 20. 2751: 2750: 2744: 2736: 2734: 2732: 2715: 2711: 2707: 2700: 2693: 2688: 2681: 2676: 2674: 2672: 2670: 2662: 2657: 2642: 2641: 2636: 2629: 2622: 2617: 2610: 2605: 2603: 2586: 2580: 2573: 2568: 2561: 2556: 2549: 2544: 2537: 2532: 2525: 2520: 2509: 2505: 2498: 2492: 2476: 2469: 2467: 2465: 2463: 2455: 2450: 2448: 2440: 2435: 2419: 2415: 2408: 2406: 2404: 2402: 2400: 2398: 2396: 2394: 2378: 2377: 2372: 2365: 2358: 2354: 2351: 2337: 2333: 2329: 2323: 2316: 2311: 2296: 2292: 2291: 2284: 2268: 2264: 2258: 2243: 2239: 2233: 2229: 2215: 2209: 2199: 2195: 2185: 2182: 2180: 2177: 2175: 2172: 2171: 2162: 2158: 2152: 2147: 2143: 2137: 2132: 2128: 2121: 2116: 2113: 2112:Charlie Brown 2106: 2101: 2094: 2089: 2082: 2077: 2070: 2065: 2058: 2053: 2049: 2042: 2037: 2036: 2030: 2028: 2024: 2019: 2015: 2011: 2005: 2001: 1997: 1993: 1988: 1986: 1982: 1978: 1973: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1962:Charlie Brown 1956:(August 2023) 1955: 1950: 1941: 1939: 1935: 1931: 1927: 1923: 1919: 1915: 1911: 1907: 1903: 1899: 1894: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1873: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1846:Richard Nixon 1843: 1842: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1823: 1821: 1817: 1811: 1809: 1805: 1800: 1794: 1787: 1786:Helicopter 66 1783: 1774: 1772: 1768: 1762: 1760: 1756: 1752: 1748: 1747:Charlie Brown 1744: 1743:Charlie Brown 1740: 1721: 1719: 1718:Charlie Brown 1715: 1711: 1706: 1705:Charlie Brown 1702: 1698: 1697:Charlie Brown 1693: 1689: 1682: 1681:Charlie Brown 1678: 1673: 1669: 1667: 1662: 1658: 1657:Charlie Brown 1654: 1645: 1639: 1633: 1631: 1625: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1611: 1597: 1588: 1585: 1579: 1576: 1571: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1553: 1549: 1540: 1536: 1534: 1533:Gunther Wendt 1529: 1524: 1521: 1517: 1516:launch window 1503: 1494: 1492: 1486: 1484: 1479: 1474: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1433: 1428: 1425: 1420: 1417: 1413: 1402: 1399: 1396: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1382: 1379: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1365: 1362: 1359: 1355: 1351: 1348: 1345: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1331: 1328: 1325: 1321: 1317: 1314: 1311: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1297: 1294: 1291: 1287: 1283: 1280: 1277: 1274: 1270: 1252: 1241: 1230: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1190: 1188: 1181: 1176: 1174: 1164: 1155: 1153: 1148: 1147:Roman numeral 1141: 1136: 1132: 1129: 1125: 1119: 1116: 1115:Julian Scheer 1112: 1108: 1104: 1103:Charlie Brown 1100: 1099: 1089: 1080: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1054: 1053:Gerry Griffin 1050: 1046: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1021:For projects 1019: 1017: 1013: 1009: 1005: 1001: 997: 993: 989: 985: 980: 978: 977:Space Shuttle 974: 970: 962: 958: 954: 953:Mercury Seven 950: 946: 942: 938: 934: 930: 926: 922: 918: 914: 913:Naval Academy 903: 896: 891: 890:John W. Young 884: 879: 872: 866: 863: 862: 852: 850: 846: 842: 838: 830: 826: 820: 818: 814: 810: 806: 802: 798: 791: 776: 774: 770: 766: 762: 761:Charlie Brown 758: 757: 752: 747: 745: 740: 734: 732: 731:lunar surface 728: 724: 720: 716: 712: 707: 705: 701: 693: 689: 685: 681: 677: 673: 669: 659: → 658: 653: 650:← 646: 642: 638: 634: 628: 623: 618: 614: 610: 606: 602: 598: 593: 589: 585: 581: 577: 572: 568: 564: 560: 558: 554: 549: 545: 541: 538: 535: 531: 527: 523: 519: 515: 511: 507: 503: 499: 496: 493: 489: 485: 481: 477: 473: 469: 467: 463: 459: 457: 453: 449: 447: 443: 439: 437: 433: 430: 429:Selenocentric 427: 423: 418: 414: 410: 405: 368: 364: 352: 348: 345: 344: 339: 335: 330: 326: 322: 319: 316: 312: 308: 305: 301: 289: 285: 280: 276: 272: 266: 262: 260: 259:Charlie Brown 256: 255: 253: 249: 243: 240: 238: 237:John W. Young 235: 233: 230: 229: 227: 223: 219: 215: 210: 206: 202: 198: 194: 190: 186: 180: 176: 174: 170: 169: 167: 163: 156: 153: 150: 147: 146: 144: 140: 135: 131: 127: 123: 119: 112: 109: 108: 106: 104: 97: 91:LM: 1969-043C 90: 87: 86: 84: 82: 78: 75: 72: 68: 64: 60: 56: 52: 48:for redocking 47: 46:Charlie Brown 44: 40: 36: 30: 25: 19: 9824:Solar System 9795: 9783: 9617: 9610: 9604: 9596: 9589: 9580: 9573: 9566: 9559: 9390: 9339:Perseverance 9338: 9300: 9293: 9270: 9230: 9213: 9197:New Horizons 9195: 9188: 9181: 9154: 9146: 9122: 9110: 9103: 9090: 9078: 9070: 9031: 9023: 9016: 9009: 8738: 8722:Apollo–Soyuz 8366: 8362: 8348: 8306: 8279: 8217: 8210: 8203: 8116: 8089: 8082: 8010: 7988: 7971: 7964: 7932: 7866: 7865: 7793: 7776: 7694: 7667: 7660: 7628: 7616: 7596:7K-L1 No.13L 7594: 7587: 7580: 7494: 7345:Lunar Lander 7332: 7305: 7293: 7269: 7262: 7255: 7248: 7149:(late 2020s) 6975:Artemis VIII 6973: 6965: 6957: 6949: 6941: 6933: 6926: 6918: 6753:Chang'e 5-T1 6745: 6613: 6606: 6599: 6592: 6585: 6578: 6511: 6504: 6497: 6380: 6159: 6153: 6152: 6145: 6120: 6113: 6106: 6099: 6092: 6085: 5955:Chang'e 5-T1 5868:South Korean 5684:Apollo–Soyuz 5605:Tracy's Rock 5592: 5541:Genesis Rock 5533: 5443: 5434: 5343: 5335: 5310: 5125: 5030:Lunar Module 4779: 4773: 4772: 4746: 4740:NASA reports 4739: 4738: 4683: 4647: 4607: 4572: 4518: 4485: 4457: 4428:Bantam Books 4422: 4387: 4344: 4309: 4302:Cernan, Gene 4252: 4227: 4203: 4195:Bibliography 4180: 4168: 4156:. 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space 9625:Deep fields 9553:and artwork 9551:NASA images 9123:Opportunity 8592:NASA Social 8418:and history 8308:7K-L1e No.1 8184:SOICAL Cone 7973:7K-L1S No.5 7945:Explorer 41 7669:7K-L1S No.3 7375:OrbitBeyond 7285:Cancelled / 7153:Argonaut M1 7111:Beresheet 2 7099:Hakuto-R M2 6967:Artemis VII 6935:Artemis III 6773:Longjiang-1 6667:Hakuto-R M1 6230:Longjiang-2 6205:Explorer 35 5849:Chandrayaan 5775:Exploration 5655:capsule use 5652:Post-Apollo 5546:Great Scott 5446:on the Moon 5442:Reports of 5436:Moon Museum 5224:Abort tests 5172:development 4722:"Apollo 10" 3994:December 9, 3984:Smithsonian 3669:"Apollo 10" 3413:Orloff 2004 3257:Orloff 2004 3014:"Apollo 10" 3001:Nelson 2009 2989:Orloff 2004 2977:Orloff 2004 2965:Orloff 2004 2873:Spaceflight 2475:"Apollo 10" 2263:"Apollo 10" 2157:High-albedo 1932:(1981) and 1887:Buzz Aldrin 1808:shaving gel 1591:Lunar orbit 1128:World War I 1124:Snoopy pins 1073:Jack Lousma 1039:James Irwin 1031:flight plan 965:35-year-old 949:Gus Grissom 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5085:Apollo 5 5080:Apollo 4 5053:Uncrewed 5002:Saturn V 4992:Saturn I 4810:Archived 4751:Archived 4681:(1993). 4645:(2002). 4605:(1994). 4571:(2006). 4557:Archived 4545:00061677 4386:(2007). 4291:Archived 4279:79001042 4240:Archived 4216:Archived 4214:. 1969. 4110:June 26, 4081:June 26, 4046:June 14, 3940:July 28, 3914:July 28, 3852:June 26, 3742:June 26, 3675:June 26, 3652:June 26, 3626:June 26, 3576:June 26, 3534:Wilhelms 3522:Wilhelms 3373:June 27, 3218:July 12, 3192:June 20, 3161:Archived 3095:June 21, 3065:June 19, 3024:June 19, 2922:Wilhelms 2860:July 18, 2822:June 19, 2508:Archived 2424:July 11, 2353:Archived 2342:June 25, 2297:(NSSDCA) 2269:(NSSDCA) 2247:July 16, 2203:backups. 2168:See also 2014:Snoopy's 1614:Coriolis 1451:Saturn V 1416:oxidizer 1207:Bethpage 945:Gemini 3 865:Position 817:Apollo 8 813:Apollo 9 801:Apollo 7 771:creator 652:Apollo 9 637:Stafford 378:164°39′W 307:Saturn V 251:Callsign 113:LM: 3948 70:Operator 9810:Portals 9796:Commons 9674:Related 9483:by year 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