62:
1667:
2490:
3425:
2139:
where belief in God is based on application of reason and evidence observed in the designs and laws found in nature. The World Order of Deists maintains a web site presenting deist apologetics that demonstrate the existence of God based on evidence and reason, absent divine revelation.
1697:
in an attempt to present a rational basis for the
Christian faith, to defend the faith against objections and misrepresentation, and to show that the Christian doctrine is the only world-view that is faultless and consistent with all fundamental knowledge and questions.
2148:
Hindu apologetics began developing during the
British colonial period. A number of Indian intellectuals had become critical of the British tendency to devalue the Hindu religious tradition. As a result, these Indian intellectuals, as well as a handful of British
2393:
In response to modern
Christian missionaries, and congregations that "are designed to appear Jewish, but are actually fundamentalist Christian churches, which use traditional Jewish symbols to lure the most vulnerable of our Jewish people into their ranks",
1752:
Later apologists have focused on providing reasons to accept various aspects of
Christian belief. Christian apologists of many traditions, in common with Jews, Muslims, and some others, argue for the existence of a unique and personal God.
2478:, to name but a few, prefaced the majority of their poetic work with such apologies. In addition to the desire to defend their work, the apologetic preface often suggests the author's attempt to humble his- or herself before the audience.
1532:
has
Western, primarily Christian origins and is most frequently associated with the defense of Christianity, the term is sometimes used referring to the defense of any religion in formal debate involving religion.
2406:, are other prominent international organizations that respond "directly to the issues raised by missionaries and cults, by exploring Judaism in contradistinction to fundamentalist Christianity."
2870:
A Buddhist critique of the
Christian concept of God: a critique of the concept of God in contemporary Christian theology and philosophy of religion from the point of view of early Buddhism
2153:, were galvanized to examine the roots of the religion as well as to study its vast arcana and corpus in an analytical fashion. This endeavor drove the deciphering and preservation of
1761:'s arguments have been highly influential in this area. Many prominent Christian apologists are scholarly philosophers or theologians, frequently with additional doctoral work in
1566:
3348:"Red Jacket on the Religion of the White Man and the Red by Red Jacket. America: I. (1761-1837). Vol. VIII. Bryan, William Jennings, ed. 1906. The World's Famous Orations"
2306:, David Frawley, an American who has embraced the Vedic tradition, has characterized the ancient texts of the Hindu heritage as being like "pyramids of the spirit".
1950:
back to its
Catholic roots. Eventually his studies in history persuaded him to become a Roman Catholic. When John Henry Newman entitled his spiritual autobiography
1705:, Christians were severely persecuted, and many charges were brought against them. Examples in the Bible include the Apostle Paul's address to the Athenians in the
2172:" Hindu priests, and recorded arguments of these Hindu apologists. These records include German-language reports submitted to the Lutheran headquarters in
2135:
in which God created the universe and established rationally comprehensible moral and natural laws but no longer intervenes in human affairs. Deism is a
2353:
2101:
1644:, providing Buddhist apologetic responses and a critique of Christian Fundamentalist doctrine. Gunapala Dharmasiri wrote an apologetic critique of the
2941:
2332:, is an Islamic undertaking born out of the need to establish and defend the tenets of Islamic faith against skeptics and detractors. A scholar of
1972:
2966:
3186:
Winter, Tim J. "Introduction." Introduction. The
Cambridge Companion to Classical Islamic Theology. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2008. 4–5. Print.
1159:
1878:
1955:',' in 1864, he was playing upon both this connotation, and the more commonly understood meaning of an expression of contrition or regret.
2117:
980:
900:
2648:
2652:
2366:(3rd century BCE) traces of the style of "questions" and "solutions" typical of the genre. Aristobulus was a Jewish philosopher of
1070:
2907:
2988:
2282:, have written rational explanations regarding the values of the Hindu religious tradition. More modern proponents such as the
3057:
3320:
3276:
2852:
2439:
2112:(an independent, not-for-profit group run by Latter Day Saints), have been formed to defend the doctrines and history of the
1623:
1273:
2905:
J. David Cassel. "Defending the
Cannibals: How Christians responded to the sometimes strange accusations of their critics."
2227:
3026:
2454:
may be read as both a religious and literary apology; however, more specifically literary examples may be found in the
1346:
61:
3406:
3102:
2735:
2184:
2251:
699:
525:
1710:
1386:
1189:
1154:
3216:
3200:
3081:
Apologetics: A Justification of
Christian Belief. John Frame-Joseph Torres - P&R Publishing - 2015 p. 67f
2399:
1553:
1243:
2100:
Several well known apologetic organizations of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, such as the
3429:
2157:. Many translations of Hindu texts were produced which made them accessible to a broader reading audience.
1627:
1233:
1773:, and other fields. Others take a more popular or pastoral approach. Some prominent modern apologists are
2415:
2363:
2298:
has given a plethora of discourses regarding the symbolism and rational basis for many principles in the
2007:) to the Christian vocabulary and probably the formula "three Persons, one Substance" as the Latin "tres
1794:
1080:
19:
This article is about the systematic defence of a religious position. For the Christian parody band, see
2600:
2545:
2295:
2161:
1614:
and characteristics such as wisdom, perception, volition, feeling, consciousness and the soul. In the
1560:. The religion's founders wrote several books presenting proofs of their religion; among them are the
1547:
2974:
2770:
2113:
1522:
1390:
990:
122:
3398:
Resistant Hinduism: Sanskrit Sources on Anti-Christian Apologetics in Early Nineteenth-century India
2523:
2176:, and 99 letters written by the Hindu priests to him (later translated into German under the title
2105:
1818:
1749:, and others often defended Christianity against charges that were brought to justify persecution.
1581:
1144:
392:
35:
3042:
2847:. Three Gems Publications, ebook link at Buddha Dharma Education Association Incorporated, also.
2630:
2459:
2066:
1858:
930:
283:
112:
2241:
2191:. In 1830, his protege Ram Chandra, a Hindu convert to Christianity, debated with several Hindu
2727:
2719:
2216:
2208:
1935:
1893:
1571:
1525:
as he is "defending the gospel" in Philippians 1:7, and in "giving an answer" in 1 Peter 3:15.
1339:
1174:
1050:
1040:
960:
397:
186:
3280:
3307:, "The Modern Anti-Cult Movement in Historical Perspective", in Jeffrey Kaplan, Heléne Lööw.
3242:
2503:
2371:
2359:
2283:
2020:
1968:
1964:
1952:
1931:
1786:
1770:
1671:
1661:
1218:
1129:
1060:
920:
679:
542:
457:
354:
134:
2751:
2202:
summarized his arguments from his 1831 debate with Wilson in a Marathi-language work titled
3445:
3365:
2236:
2221:
2052:
1960:
1398:
1124:
1114:
910:
684:
644:
387:
72:
3195:
Madeleine Pelner Cosman, Linda Gale Jones, Handbook to Life in the Medieval World, p 391.
2430:
In a famous speech called "Red Jacket on Religion for the White Man and the Red" in 1805,
1576:
1557:
1471:
was a formal speech or explanation to reply to and rebut the charges. A famous example is
8:
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694:
359:
227:
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against many charges laid against Judaism at that time, as too are some of the works of
1959:
Christian apologists employ a variety of philosophical and formal approaches, including
1737:(due to early Christians' practice of addressing each other as "brother" and "sister").
2911:
2622:
2414:
Some pantheists have formed organizations such as the World Pantheist Movement and the
2199:
2082:
1862:
1850:
1722:
1686:
1378:
1308:
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1090:
940:
890:
819:
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331:
276:
157:
139:
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3316:
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3212:
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2188:
1947:
1927:
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1619:
1332:
1283:
1139:
1030:
869:
864:
689:
652:
613:
520:
271:
216:
151:
45:
2996:
814:
3304:
2813:
2513:
2475:
2395:
2215:
In the mid-19th century, several Hindu apologist works were written in response to
2136:
2094:
2086:
2074:
1897:
1846:
1738:
1690:
1303:
1248:
1134:
804:
630:
349:
266:
259:
127:
2752:"Making the Crooked Straight, by Udo Schaefer, Nicola Towfigh, and Ulrich Gollmer"
80:
3396:
3312:
3264:
2495:
2287:
2279:
2256:
2062:
1943:
1889:
1830:
1826:
1758:
1480:
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1462:
1268:
1184:
1000:
859:
769:
734:
674:
569:
515:
472:
165:
2798:
3292:
3260:
2471:
2165:
2012:
2000:
1909:
1870:
1854:
1506:
1363:
1212:
1010:
844:
739:
669:
559:
552:
412:
344:
3439:
2799:"Immanent Frames: Meiji New Buddhism, Pantheism, and the "Religious Secular""
2570:
2467:
2291:
2173:
2070:
2040:
2032:
1866:
1838:
1742:
1606:
1494:
1426:
1313:
1298:
1149:
950:
809:
784:
749:
596:
564:
95:
85:
3347:
3094:
2431:
2403:
2379:
1990:
1982:
1921:
1913:
1842:
1822:
1810:
1802:
1702:
1675:
1636:) magazine. In recent times, A. L. De Silva, an Australian convert to
1589:
1498:
1377:, 'speaking in defense') is the religious discipline of defending
1293:
1238:
839:
625:
480:
449:
317:
2402:, founded by Rabbi Yosef Mizrachi, and Outreach Judaism, founded by Rabbi
2232:
2078:
2016:
1917:
1834:
1782:
1615:
1490:
1318:
1278:
1253:
764:
759:
443:
3333:
2772:
NONE BUT "WE HEATHEN": SHAKU SŌEN AT THE WORLD'S PARLIAMENT OF RELIGIONS
117:
2435:
2367:
2109:
1978:
1905:
1901:
1882:
1874:
1694:
970:
849:
834:
829:
608:
530:
491:
405:
296:
192:
20:
3309:
The Cultic Milieu: Oppositional Subcultures in an Age of Globalization
2817:
1701:
Christian apologetics has taken many forms over the centuries. In the
1441:). In the Classical Greek legal system, the prosecution delivered the
3211:
Clinton Bennett, The Bloomsbury Companion to Islamic Studies, p 119.
2419:
2268:
2058:
1971:. The Christian presuppositionalist approach to apologetics uses the
1939:
1766:
1730:
1706:
1649:
1510:
1466:
1455:
1442:
1430:
1288:
789:
719:
657:
589:
503:
486:
467:
462:
248:
242:
221:
203:
2398:
is the largest counter-missionary organization in existence, today.
2884:
2489:
2375:
2246:
2169:
2154:
2150:
2090:
1986:
1754:
1746:
1637:
1472:
1410:
1406:
1382:
601:
579:
497:
303:
289:
100:
90:
53:
2057:
There are Latter-day Saint apologists who focus on the defense of
3108:
2841:
Beyond Belief, a Buddhist Critique of Fundamentalist Christianity
2455:
2383:
2260:
2192:
2008:
1995:
1762:
1714:
1679:
1580:. Later Baháʼí authors wrote prominent apologetic texts, such as
1518:
1514:
854:
779:
774:
724:
584:
574:
547:
310:
254:
197:
144:
105:
1556:
have been written in defence of the history or teachings of the
3424:
3230:
The Interpretation of the New Testament in Greco-Roman paganism
3168:
2344:) as distinguished from philosophers, jurists, and scientists.
2196:
2132:
2024:
1734:
1611:
1453:), the accusation or charge, and the defendant replied with an
1263:
1258:
799:
794:
754:
535:
510:
438:
372:
338:
325:
236:
210:
3156:
3144:
3132:
3120:
1561:
2518:
2508:
2466:
plays, novels, and poems. Eighteenth century authors such as
2324:, literally "science of discourse", usually foreshortened to
2315:
2128:
1448:
1436:
1394:
824:
379:
365:
1618:(1868-1912), encounters between Buddhists and Christians in
2299:
1718:
1372:
1228:
2358:
Jewish apologetic literature can be traced back as far as
16:
Religious discipline of systematic defence of a position
2872:. Colombo: Lake House Investments – via WorldCat.
3259:
Simon Schoon, "Noachides and Converts to Judaism", in
2286:
have also tried to correlate recent developments from
26:"Apologist" redirects here. For non-religious uses of
3295:, Outreach Judaism website. Accessed January 9, 2011.
2263:, and a critique (published later in 1861 as part of
2485:
1942:
in 2010. In early life he was a major figure in the
1610:, which deals with the Buddhist metaphysics such as
1366:
2370:and the author of an apologetic work addressed to
2354:Jewish polemics and apologetics in the Middle Ages
2102:Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies
1604:One of the earliest Buddhist apologetic texts is
3437:
3394:
3174:
3162:
3150:
3138:
3126:
3114:
2294:research with Hindu concepts. The late Reverend
2160:In the early 18th century, Christian missionary
1973:transcendental argument for the existence of God
1389:(c. 120–220) who defended their beliefs against
2206:. Narayana Rao, another Hindu apologist, wrote
1757:is one important aspect of such arguments, and
1721:fabricated charges that Christians started the
3253:
1989:. He is sometimes known as the "Father of the
1631:
3232:p.4., Mohr Siebeck Verlag, Tuebingen, Germany
3021:. Radford: Wilder Publications. p. 180.
2627:The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church
1340:
2946:Christianity Today (Church history timeline)
2187:engaged in debates with Hindu apologists in
2118:Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
1985:apologist. He was born, lived, and died in
1713:). J. David Cassel gives several examples:
981:A Dialogue Concerning Oratorical Partitions
3058:"An Introduction to Christian Apologetics"
3016:
2867:
2778:(Master of Arts). University of Pittsburgh
2726:. Oxford: Oneworld Publications. pp.
2724:A concise encyclopedia of the Bahá'í Faith
2274:A range of Indian philosophers, including
2061:, including early church leaders, such as
1622:as a result of increasing contact between
1347:
1333:
2362:, though some discern it in the works of
2882:
2837:
2245:(1840) by Harachandra Tarkapanchanan of
1729:(due to a literal interpretation of the
1665:
1630:, including the apologetic Shin Bukkyō (
1071:Copia: Foundations of the Abundant Style
3180:
3055:
2796:
2768:
1536:
3438:
1930:(1801–1890) was an English convert to
1612:the "no-self" nature of the individual
1405:is often identified with debates over
3326:
2967:"Catholic Education Resource Center:
2887:. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
2717:
2711:
2621:
1274:Rhetoric of social intervention model
2942:"Why Early Christians Were Despised"
2797:Shields, James Mark (27 July 2017).
2643:Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott,
2540:
2538:
2418:to promote and defend the belief in
2046:
1513:when he says "I make my defense" in
2425:
1626:may have prompted the formation of
13:
2164:engaged in dialogues with several
14:
3467:
3417:
2535:
2053:Mormon studies § Apologetics
3423:
2488:
2445:
60:
3387:
3358:
3340:
3298:
3286:
3235:
3222:
3205:
3189:
3084:
3075:
3049:
3035:
3010:
2981:
2969:The Scott Hahn Conversion Story
2959:
2934:
2925:
2899:
2876:
2861:
2831:
2790:
2762:
2744:
1685:Christian apologetics combines
1674:, a diagram frequently used by
1655:
1541:
3401:. De Nobili Research Library.
3091:A History of Christian Thought
2693:
2675:
2657:
2637:
2615:
2588:
2563:
2077:, and modern figures, such as
1:
2868:Dharmasiri, Gunapala (1974).
2838:De Silva, A. L. (1994).
2529:
2400:Kiruv Organization (Mizrachi)
2382:is a wide-ranging defense of
2183:During 1830–1831, missionary
1607:The Questions of King Milinda
1244:List of feminist rhetoricians
3271:, Peeters Publishers, 2006,
3056:Coulter, Paul (2011-05-10).
2812:(Special Issue (2017)): 82.
2625:, ed. (2005). "Apologists".
2409:
2195:apologists in public. Hindu
1467:
1456:
1443:
1431:
1416:
1373:
1234:Glossary of rhetorical terms
7:
3370:Britannica Academic Edition
3336:. World Pantheist Movement.
2481:
2416:Universal Pantheist Society
2364:Demetrius the chronographer
2330:Islamic scholastic theology
2143:
1599:
1594:Making the Crooked Straight
1081:Language as Symbolic Action
10:
3472:
3395:Richard Fox Young (1981).
3097:, Touchstone Books, 1972.
2601:Merriam-Webster Dictionary
2351:
2347:
2313:
2304:The Cradle of Civilization
2296:Pandurang Shastri Athavale
2265:Dharmādharma-parīkṣā-patra
2204:Shri-Hindu-dharma-sthapana
2178:Malabarische Korrespondenz
2050:
1993:". He introduced the term
1678:apologists to explain the
1659:
1545:
1479:defense, as chronicled in
1449:
1437:
1367:
25:
18:
3372:. Encyclopædia Britannica
3228:John Granger Cook (2000)
2908:"Defending the Cannibals"
2769:Walters, Michael (2007).
2550:Blue Letter Bible-Lexicon
2114:Latter Day Saint movement
1725:. Other charges included
1632:
1523:Letter to the Philippians
1401:. In 21st-century usage,
1397:to outsiders were called
991:De Optimo Genere Oratorum
3017:Chesterton, G K (2008).
2524:List of apologetic works
2309:
2209:Svadesha-dharma-abhimani
2123:
2106:Brigham Young University
2104:(a group of scholars at
1646:Christian concept of God
36:Apology (disambiguation)
3269:Cultures of Conversions
2645:A Greek-English Lexicon
2631:Oxford University Press
2438:gave an apologetic for
2252:Śāstra-tattva-vinirṇaya
2212:in response to Wilson.
2162:Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg
1624:Japan and other nations
1521:form appears in Paul's
1505:in his trial speech to
1387:Early Christian writers
931:De Sophisticis Elenchis
2004:
1969:teleological arguments
1682:
1640:, has written a book,
1393:and recommended their
1051:De doctrina Christiana
1041:Dialogus de oratoribus
961:Rhetorica ad Herennium
187:Captatio benevolentiae
3334:"The Pantheist Credo"
3267:, Arie L. Molendijk.
3175:Richard F. Young 1981
3163:Richard F. Young 1981
3151:Richard F. Young 1981
3139:Richard F. Young 1981
3127:Richard F. Young 1981
3115:Richard F. Young 1981
2931:Tacitus, Annals XV.44
2718:Smith, Peter (2000).
2504:Christian apologetics
2462:, which proceed many
2372:Ptolemy VI Philometor
2360:Aristobulus of Paneas
2328:and sometimes called
2284:Maharishi Mahesh Yogi
2051:Further information:
1953:Apologia Pro Vita Sua
1771:comparative religions
1672:Shield of the Trinity
1669:
1662:Christian apologetics
1628:Japanese New Buddhism
1219:Communication studies
1061:De vulgari eloquentia
921:Rhetoric to Alexander
3432:at Wikimedia Commons
3265:Wout Jac. van Bekkum
2707:. 19 September 2016.
2689:. 19 September 2016.
2671:. 19 September 2016.
2336:is referred to as a
2180:from 1718 onwards).
2097:, and Jeff Lindsay.
1894:Bishop Robert Barron
1537:Apologetic positions
1399:Christian apologists
3247:Jewish Encyclopedia
3019:The Everlasting Man
2989:"Fr. Robert Barron"
2388:Philo of Alexandria
2116:in general and the
1912:, Kenneth Hensley,
1815:Edward John Carnell
1779:Frederick Copleston
1650:Theravadin Buddhist
1586:The Brilliant Proof
1381:through systematic
1379:religious doctrines
1224:Composition studies
1155:Health and medicine
1021:Institutio Oratoria
228:Eloquentia perfecta
3354:. 10 October 2022.
2885:"Natural Theology"
2228:Mata-parīkṣā-śikṣā
2200:Morobhatt Dandekar
2083:Daniel C. Peterson
2027:"), and the terms
1888:Apologists in the
1863:David Bentley Hart
1851:William Lane Craig
1687:Christian theology
1683:
1548:Baháʼí apologetics
1528:Although the term
1309:Terministic screen
1091:A General Rhetoric
621:Resignation speech
158:Studia humanitatis
140:Byzantine rhetoric
3428:Media related to
3323:, p. 285, note 4.
3321:978-0-7591-0204-0
3277:978-90-429-1753-8
3117:, pp. 22–23.
3043:"Kenneth Hensley"
2977:on July 18, 2012.
2854:978-0-6462-1211-1
2818:10.15055/00006734
2756:bahai-library.com
2705:Blue Letter Bible
2687:Blue Letter Bible
2669:Blue Letter Bible
2623:Cross, F. L.
2276:Swami Vivekananda
2047:Latter-day Saints
2037:Novum Testamentum
2029:Vetus Testamentum
1948:Church of England
1932:Roman Catholicism
1928:John Henry Newman
1807:Francis Schaeffer
1799:Cornelius Van Til
1775:Douglas Groothuis
1501:employs the term
1425:derives from the
1357:
1356:
1284:Rogerian argument
1031:Panegyrici Latini
123:The age of Cicero
3463:
3427:
3412:
3382:
3381:
3379:
3377:
3362:
3356:
3355:
3344:
3338:
3337:
3330:
3324:
3305:J. Gordon Melton
3302:
3296:
3290:
3284:
3257:
3251:
3250:
3239:
3233:
3226:
3220:
3209:
3203:
3193:
3187:
3184:
3178:
3172:
3166:
3160:
3154:
3148:
3142:
3136:
3130:
3124:
3118:
3112:
3106:
3088:
3082:
3079:
3073:
3072:
3070:
3068:
3053:
3047:
3046:
3039:
3033:
3032:
3014:
3008:
3007:
3005:
3004:
2995:. Archived from
2985:
2979:
2978:
2973:. Archived from
2963:
2957:
2956:
2954:
2952:
2938:
2932:
2929:
2923:
2922:
2920:
2919:
2910:. Archived from
2903:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2892:
2880:
2874:
2873:
2865:
2859:
2858:
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2794:
2788:
2787:
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2777:
2766:
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2759:
2748:
2742:
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2697:
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2679:
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2661:
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2608:
2592:
2586:
2585:
2583:
2581:
2567:
2561:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2542:
2514:Existence of God
2498:
2493:
2492:
2476:William Congreve
2426:Native Americans
2396:Jews for Judaism
2267:) by an unknown
2242:Mataparīkṣottara
2225:. These include
2137:natural religion
2095:Orson Scott Card
2087:John L. Sorenson
2075:James E. Talmage
1898:G. K. Chesterton
1847:G. K. Chesterton
1787:Walter R. Martin
1739:Paul the Apostle
1691:natural theology
1635:
1634:
1582:Mírzá Abu'l-Fadl
1554:apologetic books
1470:
1459:
1452:
1451:
1446:
1440:
1439:
1434:
1376:
1370:
1369:
1349:
1342:
1335:
1249:List of speeches
1096:
1086:
1076:
1066:
1056:
1046:
1036:
1026:
1016:
1006:
996:
986:
976:
966:
956:
946:
936:
926:
916:
906:
896:
700:Neo-Aristotelian
267:Figure of speech
128:Second Sophistic
64:
41:
40:
3471:
3470:
3466:
3465:
3464:
3462:
3461:
3460:
3436:
3435:
3420:
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3409:
3390:
3385:
3375:
3373:
3364:
3363:
3359:
3346:
3345:
3341:
3332:
3331:
3327:
3313:Rowman Altamira
3303:
3299:
3291:
3287:
3258:
3254:
3241:
3240:
3236:
3227:
3223:
3210:
3206:
3194:
3190:
3185:
3181:
3173:
3169:
3161:
3157:
3149:
3145:
3137:
3133:
3125:
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3113:
3109:
3089:
3085:
3080:
3076:
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3054:
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3015:
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3000:
2987:
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2948:
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2935:
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2915:
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2900:
2890:
2888:
2881:
2877:
2866:
2862:
2855:
2844:
2836:
2832:
2822:
2820:
2801:
2795:
2791:
2781:
2779:
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2738:
2716:
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2676:
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2569:
2568:
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2554:
2552:
2544:
2543:
2536:
2532:
2496:Religion portal
2494:
2487:
2484:
2448:
2440:Native American
2428:
2412:
2356:
2350:
2318:
2312:
2300:Vedic tradition
2288:quantum physics
2280:Aurobindo Ghose
2257:Nilakantha Gore
2255:(1844-1845) by
2146:
2126:
2120:in particular.
2063:Parley P. Pratt
2055:
2049:
1944:Oxford Movement
1934:, later made a
1890:Catholic Church
1831:Alister McGrath
1827:Hank Hanegraaff
1759:Alvin Plantinga
1723:burning of Rome
1664:
1658:
1602:
1550:
1544:
1539:
1419:
1385:and discourse.
1353:
1324:
1323:
1269:Public rhetoric
1207:
1206:
1197:
1196:
1145:Native American
1110:
1109:
1100:
1099:
1094:
1084:
1074:
1064:
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994:
984:
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944:
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914:
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894:
885:
884:
875:
874:
715:
714:
705:
704:
648:
647:
636:
635:
526:Funeral oration
516:Farewell speech
473:Socratic method
429:
428:
419:
418:
181:
180:
171:
170:
76:
75:
39:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3469:
3459:
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3448:
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3419:
3418:External links
3416:
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3407:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
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3339:
3325:
3297:
3285:
3261:Jan N. Bremmer
3252:
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3221:
3204:
3188:
3179:
3177:, p. 177.
3167:
3155:
3143:
3131:
3119:
3107:
3083:
3074:
3048:
3034:
3028:978-1604592467
3027:
3009:
2993:wordonfire.org
2980:
2958:
2933:
2924:
2898:
2883:Brent, James.
2875:
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2483:
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2472:Frances Burney
2447:
2444:
2427:
2424:
2411:
2408:
2349:
2346:
2311:
2308:
2302:. In his book
2145:
2142:
2125:
2122:
2048:
2045:
2013:una Substantia
1910:Patrick Madrid
1904:, Trent Horn,
1902:Dr. Scott Hahn
1871:Norman Geisler
1855:J. P. Moreland
1795:Douglas Wilson
1791:Dinesh D'Souza
1711:Acts 17: 22-34
1660:Main article:
1657:
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1546:Main article:
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1213:Ars dictaminis
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1011:On the Sublime
1007:
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560:Lightning talk
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345:Method of loci
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314:
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132:
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110:
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108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
81:Ancient Greece
77:
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57:
56:
50:
49:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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3408:9783900271091
3404:
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3225:
3218:
3214:
3208:
3202:
3198:
3192:
3183:
3176:
3171:
3165:, p. 15.
3164:
3159:
3153:, p. 28.
3152:
3147:
3141:, p. 26.
3140:
3135:
3129:, p. 25.
3128:
3123:
3116:
3111:
3104:
3103:0-671-21426-8
3100:
3096:
3092:
3087:
3078:
3063:
3059:
3052:
3044:
3038:
3030:
3024:
3020:
3013:
2999:on 2015-02-08
2998:
2994:
2990:
2984:
2976:
2972:
2970:
2962:
2947:
2943:
2937:
2928:
2914:on 2011-08-21
2913:
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2886:
2879:
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2834:
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2800:
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2773:
2765:
2757:
2753:
2747:
2739:
2737:1-85168-184-1
2733:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2720:"apologetics"
2714:
2706:
2702:
2696:
2688:
2684:
2678:
2670:
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2660:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2640:
2632:
2628:
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2618:
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2602:
2597:
2596:"apologetics"
2591:
2576:
2572:
2571:"Apologetics"
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2510:
2507:
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2501:
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2491:
2486:
2479:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2468:Colley Cibber
2465:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2446:In literature
2443:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2423:
2421:
2417:
2407:
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2339:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2317:
2307:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2292:consciousness
2289:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2272:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2253:
2248:
2244:
2243:
2238:
2237:Central India
2234:
2230:
2229:
2224:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2211:
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2205:
2201:
2198:
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2181:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2158:
2156:
2152:
2141:
2138:
2134:
2131:is a form of
2130:
2121:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2098:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2071:B. H. Roberts
2068:
2064:
2060:
2054:
2044:
2042:
2041:New Testament
2038:
2034:
2033:Old Testament
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1997:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1981:was an early
1980:
1976:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1957:
1956:
1954:
1949:
1946:to bring the
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1886:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1867:Gary Habermas
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1839:Josh McDowell
1836:
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1824:
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1788:
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1743:Justin Martyr
1740:
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1716:
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1708:
1704:
1699:
1696:
1692:
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1681:
1677:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1653:
1652:perspective.
1651:
1647:
1643:
1642:Beyond Belief
1639:
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1621:
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1613:
1609:
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1496:
1495:New Testament
1492:
1487:
1485:
1484:
1478:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1460:
1458:
1445:
1433:
1428:
1427:Ancient Greek
1424:
1414:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1383:argumentation
1380:
1375:
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1361:
1350:
1345:
1343:
1338:
1336:
1331:
1330:
1328:
1327:
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1317:
1315:
1314:Toulmin model
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1299:Talking point
1297:
1295:
1294:Speechwriting
1292:
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1141:
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1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1115:Argumentation
1113:
1112:
1104:
1103:
1093:
1092:
1088:
1083:
1082:
1078:
1073:
1072:
1068:
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1053:
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1038:
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1028:
1023:
1022:
1018:
1013:
1012:
1008:
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1002:
998:
993:
992:
988:
983:
982:
978:
973:
972:
968:
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962:
958:
953:
952:
951:De Inventione
948:
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933:
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928:
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664:
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631:War-mongering
629:
627:
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622:
619:
615:
612:
611:
610:
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597:Progymnasmata
595:
591:
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586:
583:
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566:
565:Maiden speech
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3388:Bibliography
3374:. Retrieved
3369:
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3352:bartleby.com
3351:
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3308:
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3255:
3246:
3243:"APOLOGISTS"
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3110:
3095:Paul Tillich
3090:
3086:
3077:
3067:21 September
3065:. Retrieved
3061:
3051:
3037:
3018:
3012:
3001:. Retrieved
2997:the original
2992:
2983:
2975:the original
2968:
2961:
2951:21 September
2949:. Retrieved
2945:
2936:
2927:
2916:. Retrieved
2912:the original
2901:
2889:. Retrieved
2878:
2869:
2863:
2840:
2833:
2821:. Retrieved
2809:
2806:Japan Review
2805:
2792:
2780:. Retrieved
2771:
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2695:
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2644:
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2629:. New York:
2626:
2617:
2605:. Retrieved
2599:
2590:
2580:24 September
2578:. Retrieved
2574:
2565:
2555:19 September
2553:. Retrieved
2549:
2464:Early Modern
2451:
2449:
2429:
2413:
2404:Tovia Singer
2392:
2380:Contra Apion
2357:
2342:mutakallimūn
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2322:Ilm al-Kalām
2321:
2319:
2303:
2273:
2264:
2250:
2240:
2226:
2220:
2214:
2207:
2203:
2182:
2177:
2159:
2147:
2127:
2099:
2056:
2036:
2028:
2015:" (from the
1994:
1991:Latin Church
1977:
1965:cosmological
1958:
1951:
1926:
1922:Peter Kreeft
1914:Karl Keating
1887:
1877:, RC Kunst,
1843:Peter Kreeft
1823:R. C. Sproul
1811:Greg Bahnsen
1803:Gordon Clark
1751:
1703:Roman Empire
1700:
1684:
1656:Christianity
1641:
1605:
1603:
1593:
1590:Udo Schaefer
1585:
1577:Kitáb-i-Íqán
1575:
1567:Seven Proofs
1565:
1558:Baháʼí Faith
1551:
1542:Baháʼí Faith
1529:
1527:
1502:
1499:Apostle Paul
1488:
1482:
1454:
1422:
1420:
1402:
1359:
1358:
1239:Glossophobia
1211:
1130:Constitutive
1089:
1079:
1069:
1059:
1049:
1039:
1029:
1019:
1009:
999:
989:
979:
969:
959:
949:
939:
929:
919:
909:
899:
889:
713:Rhetoricians
626:Stump speech
543:Invitational
496:
481:Dissoi logoi
479:
458:Deliberative
450:Controversia
448:
433:
411:
404:
378:
371:
364:
337:
330:
318:Pronuntiatio
316:
309:
302:
295:
288:
247:
235:
226:
209:
202:
185:
156:
118:Ancient Rome
31:
27:
3446:Apologetics
3430:Apologetics
2665:"Acts 26:2"
2460:dedications
2222:Mataparīkṣā
2185:John Wilson
2168:-speaking "
2151:Indologists
2079:Hugh Nibley
2067:John Taylor
2021:Hypostaseis
2017:Koine Greek
1961:ontological
1918:Ronald Knox
1835:Lee Strobel
1819:James White
1783:John Lennox
1727:cannibalism
1717:wrote that
1572:Bahá'u'lláh
1530:apologetics
1491:Koine Greek
1423:apologetics
1403:apologetics
1360:Apologetics
1319:Wooden iron
1279:Rhetrickery
1254:Oral skills
1190:Composition
1125:Contrastive
945:(c. 350 BC)
935:(c. 350 BC)
925:(c. 350 BC)
915:(c. 350 BC)
905:(c. 370 BC)
765:Demosthenes
745:Brueggemann
680:Ideological
531:Homiletics
444:Declamation
434:Apologetics
284:Five canons
152:Renaissance
135:Middle Ages
3456:Persuasion
3440:Categories
3217:1441127887
3201:1438109075
3062:Bethinking
3003:2015-02-09
2918:2012-09-08
2701:"1Pe 3:15"
2575:The Advent
2546:"ἀπολογία"
2530:References
2442:religion.
2436:Red Jacket
2368:Alexandria
2352:See also:
2338:mutakallim
2314:See also:
2231:(1839) by
2170:Malabarian
2110:FairMormon
2025:Homoousios
1979:Tertullian
1906:Jimmy Akin
1883:Jimmy Akin
1879:Trent Horn
1875:Scott Hahn
1695:philosophy
1175:Technology
1165:Procedural
985:(c. 50 BC)
971:De Oratore
835:Quintilian
830:Protagoras
685:Metaphoric
609:Propaganda
492:Epideictic
406:Sotto voce
360:Persuasion
355:Operations
297:Dispositio
193:Chironomia
28:apologetic
21:ApologetiX
3366:"Apology"
2683:"Phl 1:7"
2649:κατηγορία
2607:5 October
2420:pantheism
2410:Pantheism
2269:Vaishnava
2233:Somanatha
2217:John Muir
2059:Mormonism
1983:Christian
1940:beatified
1859:Hugh Ross
1767:cosmology
1731:Eucharist
1707:Areopagus
1676:Christian
1616:Meiji Era
1592:et al.'s
1450:κατηγορία
1444:kategoria
1421:The term
1417:Etymology
1289:Seduction
1120:Cognitive
1108:Subfields
1035:(100–400)
790:Isocrates
730:Augustine
720:Aristotle
695:Narrative
645:Criticism
590:Philippic
504:Panegyric
487:Elocution
468:Dialectic
388:Situation
249:Facilitas
243:Enthymeme
222:Eloquence
204:Delectare
32:apologist
3451:Rhetoric
3315:, 2002,
3293:About Us
2891:10 March
2653:ἀπολογία
2482:See also
2456:prefaces
2450:Plato's
2376:Josephus
2340:(plural
2271:writer.
2247:Calcutta
2155:Sanskrit
2144:Hinduism
2091:John Gee
2009:Personae
2005:trinitas
1987:Carthage
1936:cardinal
1892:include
1755:Theodicy
1747:Irenaeus
1638:Buddhism
1600:Buddhism
1503:apologia
1481:Plato's
1477:Apologia
1473:Socrates
1468:apologia
1457:apologia
1438:ἀπολογία
1432:apologia
1411:theology
1407:religion
1374:apología
1368:ἀπολογία
1160:Pedagogy
1140:Feminist
911:Rhetoric
901:Phaedrus
895:(380 BC)
845:Richards
815:Perelman
663:Pentadic
658:Dramatic
602:Suasoria
580:Diatribe
521:Forensic
498:Encomium
463:Demagogy
332:Imitatio
304:Elocutio
290:Inventio
260:Informal
179:Concepts
106:Sophists
101:Calliope
91:Atticism
86:Asianism
54:Rhetoric
46:a series
44:Part of
3376:14 July
3249:. 1906.
3105:(p. 43)
2452:Apology
2384:Judaism
2348:Judaism
2261:Benares
2193:Brahmin
2019:"treis
1996:Trinity
1763:physics
1715:Tacitus
1680:Trinity
1648:from a
1519:cognate
1515:Acts 26
1511:Agrippa
1493:of the
1489:In the
1483:Apology
1463:defence
1391:critics
1205:Related
1180:Therapy
1170:Science
1135:Digital
1015:(c. 50)
1005:(46 BC)
995:(46 BC)
975:(55 BC)
965:(80 BC)
955:(84 BC)
891:Gorgias
860:Toulmin
855:Tacitus
805:McLuhan
780:Gorgias
775:Erasmus
770:Derrida
735:Bakhtin
725:Aspasia
690:Mimesis
653:Cluster
585:Eristic
575:Polemic
570:Oratory
548:Lecture
311:Memoria
255:Fallacy
198:Decorum
145:Trivium
73:History
3405:
3319:
3281:p. 125
3275:
3215:
3199:
3101:
3025:
2851:
2823:30 May
2782:30 May
2734:
2474:, and
2434:chief
2432:Seneca
2197:pandit
2189:Bombay
2133:theism
2108:) and
2073:, and
2035:) and
1967:, and
1938:, and
1920:, and
1881:, and
1735:incest
1733:) and
1693:, and
1517::2. A
1507:Festus
1497:, the
1465:. The
1461:, the
1362:(from
1264:Pistis
1259:Orator
1185:Visual
1095:(1970)
1085:(1966)
1075:(1521)
1065:(1305)
1001:Orator
941:Topics
870:Weaver
800:Lysias
795:Lucian
785:Hobbes
760:de Man
755:Cicero
553:Public
536:Sermon
511:Eulogy
439:Debate
427:Genres
373:Pathos
339:Kairos
326:Hypsos
272:Scheme
237:Eunoia
217:Device
211:Docere
34:, see
2845:(PDF)
2802:(PDF)
2776:(PDF)
2728:39–40
2519:Kalam
2509:Dawah
2334:kalam
2326:kalam
2316:Kalam
2310:Islam
2174:Halle
2166:Tamil
2129:Deism
2124:Deism
2001:Latin
1620:Japan
1552:Many
1429:word
1395:faith
1364:Greek
1055:(426)
1045:(102)
883:Works
850:Smith
840:Ramus
825:Plato
820:Pizan
750:Burke
740:Booth
675:Genre
670:Frame
413:Topos
398:Grand
393:Style
380:Logos
366:Ethos
350:Modes
277:Trope
3403:ISBN
3378:2011
3317:ISBN
3273:ISBN
3213:ISBN
3197:ISBN
3099:ISBN
3069:2016
3023:ISBN
2953:2016
2893:2015
2849:ISBN
2825:2022
2784:2022
2732:ISBN
2651:and
2609:2016
2582:2016
2557:2016
2458:and
2290:and
2278:and
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1670:The
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