1577:"This configuration divides Appalachia into four subregions. Northern Appalachia includes only those counties lying north of the extended Mason-Dixon line, while southern Appalachia includes only the Appalachian counties in South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi. A now-extended central Appalachia is then split into east-central and west-central subregions—using interstate highways (Interstates 77 and 79 in West Virginia, then Interstate 81 south of the I-77 intersection) to form the boundary. For those counties through which the highways pass, the preponderance of their land area determines whether they end up in east-central Appalachia or west-central Appalachia. The result separates western North Carolina and the Great Valley (which includes many recreational and retirement magnets, plus several university towns) from the West Virginia counties where mining and manufacturing predominate."
1592:"Like Alternative Case B, this is a four-subregion configuration that maintains the southern boundaries of Alternative B. Under this case, however, the dividing line between east-central Appalachia and west-central Appalachia are more freely drawn, placing a greater weight on a county’s economic status in Fiscal Year 2003 (which had been used in the report series Demographic and Socioeconomic Change in Appalachia). This resulted in west-central Appalachia encompassing blocs of Distressed counties in West Virginia and northern Tennessee. The greater emphasis on economic status also comes into effect for the Ohio counties south of the extended Mason-Dixon line, as a handful of counties that were not classified as Distressed are returned to northern Appalachia, leaving a bloc of mostly Distressed counties in the west-central subregion."
27:
1607:"Under this configuration, Appalachia again is divided into three subregions—only in this case the boundaries are determined by the major physiographic divisions designated by the U.S. Geological Service (USGS). The USGS bases their system— used throughout the country—on geology type, surface texture, elevation, and other factors. The Appalachian region covers three physiographic divisions: the Appalachian Highlands (containing 331 of the 410 counties), the Atlantic Plain (which includes eastern Mississippi and central Alabama), and the Interior Plains (containing parts of Ohio, Kentucky, Tennessee, and northwestern Alabama)."
1622:"As in Alternative D, this final case uses the USGS physiographic classifications in determining the subregions, but divides the Appalachian Highlands into its four physiographic “provinces”—Piedmont, Blue Ridge, Valley and Ridge, and Appalachian Plateaus. The resulting configuration produces six subregions, reducing the imbalance that exists in Alternative D. (Yet it does not eliminate the imbalance: the Appalachian Plateaus subregion consists of 177 counties, while another 74 are in the Valley and Ridge subregion. None of the other subregions, by contrast, contains more than 43 counties.)"
342:
2574:
455:
1547:"Under Appalachia’s current subregional configuration, the Appalachian counties of New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Ohio, along with most of West Virginia, comprise northern Appalachia. Included among the counties in central Appalachia are the Mountaineer State’s nine southernmost counties, as well as eastern Kentucky, Virginia’s southwestern tip, and parts of Tennessee. Southern Appalachia contains western Virginia and East Tennessee, as well as the western Carolinas and the northern parts of Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi."
1520:
447:
36:
1552:
334:
northeastern
Mississippi and northwestern Alabama in Appalachia. Respondents residing outside of Appalachia were more likely to define the region broadly, in agreement with the ARC, and respondents from within the region were more likely to define it restrictively. The majority of responses defined Appalachia as an area encircling the locations possessing the highest amount of negative characteristics that the ARC was created to combat—flooding,
1562:"The first of the five alternate configurations maintains the three subregions, but shrinks northern Appalachia by reclassifying most counties in Ohio and West Virginia that lie south of the extended Mason-Dixon line into the central portion. Counties in the Potomac Valley (western Maryland and the West Virginia panhandle) remain in northern Appalachia. Southern Appalachia’s boundaries remain unchanged from the baseline case."
1627:
1612:
1597:
1582:
1567:
1720:
relies on a broad network of public and private partnerships, and focuses on innovative, regional strategies to help communities help themselves. ARC targets its resources to the areas of greatest need, with at least half of its grants going to projects that benefit economically distressed areas and counties.
1745:
in
Appalachia. Each year, Congress appropriates funds, which ARC allocates among its member states. The Appalachian governors submit to ARC their state spending plans for the year, which include lists of projects they recommend for funding. The spending plans are reviewed and approved at a meeting of
333:
asked respondents to draw an encircled area identifying what they considered to be
Appalachia on a map. The study found less than 20% of respondents agreed that southern New York was part of Appalachia, as designated by the ARC, and that less than 10% of respondents agreed with the ARC's inclusion of
320:
The ARC's geographic range of coverage was defined by
Congress broadly, in order to cover as many economically underdeveloped areas as possible; as a result, it extends beyond the geographic area usually thought of as "Appalachia." While Congress did aim to define Appalachia, the ultimate purpose and
311:
participation is provided through 73 local development districts, which are multi-county organizations with boards made up of elected officials, business people, and other local leaders. The ARC is a planning, research, advocacy, and funding organization. It does not have any governing power within
2239:
For
Appalachian scholars in all disciplines, the domination of the region's economy by outside interests is a well-established fact. This historical development was welcomed by local elites in the period after the Civil War as a way to revive the moribund regional economy. With the collapse of the
1731:
assured constituents no funding would be cut from the ARC. In contrast, President Biden's first budget included $ 253,000,000 for the ARC. Biden's stimulus proposal budgeted an additional $ 5.3 Billion in direct aid to local governments in the
Appalachian region. One of the ARC's Co-Chairs is also
1723:
ARC's FY 2016 appropriation included $ 50 million in funding through the
Partnerships for Opportunity and Workforce and Economic Revitalization (POWER) Initiative. This multi-agency initiative, launched in 2015, targets federal resources to help diversify economies in communities and regions that
1719:
The bulk of ARC funds, which come from a federal appropriation, support grant making across a broad range of categories. All grants require performance measures. A regional research and evaluation program helps inform the agency's work. ARC emphasizes the leveraging of private-sector investments,
1640:
Beginning in about 1960, the
Council of Appalachian Governors, a group of the ten governors of the Appalachian states of Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia, united to seek federal government assistance for the
1762:
ARC has helped cut the number of high-poverty counties in
Appalachia from 295 in 1960 to 91 in 2015, reduce the infant mortality rate by two-thirds, and double the percentage of high school graduates. From 2010 to 2015, ARC programs helped create or retain over 101,000 jobs in Appalachia through
1511:
In order to better facilitate subregional analysis and in recognition of the differences between various areas in
Appalachia, the ARC splits their service area into different regions—Northern, North Central, Central, South Central, and Southern. The ARC's definitions take into account political
442:
The ARC uses an index-based system to classify counties based on economic status, with five categories: distressed, at-risk, transitional, competitive, and attainment. In addition to county classifications, the ARC additionally classifies specific census tracts within non-distressed counties as
1515:
Previously, the ARC's subregions only consisted of Northern, Central, and Southern. These classifications were revised in 2009 in order to make subregional analysis more specific. As part of this process, in 2005, several new subregion schemes were proposed. Notably, two proposals involved the
1753:
ARC is designed as a federal-state partnership that employs a flexible "bottom up" approach, enabling local communities to tailor support to their individual needs. ARC relies on local regional planning agencies (local development districts) to develop effective strategies for local economic
2240:
Appalachian economy in the 1920s, the advent of the Great Depression, and the War on Poverty in the 1960s, the early industrialists later seemed more like villains than saviors. This latter attitude was given voice by Harry M. Caudill, a lawyer from eastern Kentucky. In 1962, he published
1749:
The next step is approval of individual projects by the ARC federal co-chair. After the states submit project applications to the ARC, each project is reviewed by ARC program analysts. The process is completed when the federal co-chair reviews a project and formally approves it.
501:
Counties designated as transitional are economically below average, average, or above average, and may be moving from a weak to a strong economy or vice versa. They consist of most counties within the ARC and make up the bottom 25% and top 25% of counties in the United States.
462:
The ARC uses several indicators to designate an area as distressed, including median family income and the local poverty rate. Additional factors that go into determining a county's status are the three-year average unemployment rate and per capital market income.
1754:
development. ARC has made investments in such essentials of comprehensive economic development as a safe and efficient highway system; education, job-training, and health care programs; water and sewer systems; and entrepreneurial and capital market development.
422:
culture and lack of slavery within American history, in spite of the protest of black residents. As part of the scheme, attractions were to be built in the area with ARC funds celebrating the history of white settlers, with no attention paid towards the native
434:, and was instead directly sent to local ruling whites. Today, few residents of northeastern Mississippi and northwestern Alabama are aware they are a part of what Congress has designated as Appalachia, and do not consider themselves to be Appalachian.
405:
map submitted to Congress and the governor of Mississippi at the suggestion of local developer George Thompson Pound, depicting mountains in the two states that did not exist. This was done for two main reasons—to undermine the direct funding of
510:
Counties designated as competitive are well above average and are able to compete in the national economy, attracting business. Economic conditions may be good, but they do not rank within the top 10% of counties in the United States.
418:, made possible due to the method which the ARC used to fund communities within its charter. An area home to a large number of black Americans with an extensive history was effectively forced into a region known for its predominantly
385:
The ARC does not precisely correspond to what is considered Appalachia by the general public. For instance, parts of Mississippi were included in the commission because of similar problems with unemployment and poverty. In 2008, the
1763:
projects that include entrepreneurship, education and training, health care, telecommunications, business development, and basic infrastructure. Grants during that period leveraged almost $ 2.7 billion in private investments.
1678:
In 1963 President Kennedy formed the President's Appalachian Regional Commission to assist in advancing legislation to bring federal dollars to Appalachia. This legislation, the Appalachian Redevelopment Act, was enacted by
1516:
categorization of the ARC's service area into areas that were distinctly labeled as being part of Appalachia or separate from it, which had addressed the fact that not all of the area the ARC serves is Appalachian.
2402:
485:
Counties designated as distressed are the most economically depressed of counties within the ARC. They are extremely below average, ranking in the bottom 10% of counties in the United States.
521:
Counties designated as attainment are the economically strongest counties in the ARC and in the nation. They are very above average and rank in the top 10% of counties in the United States.
493:
Counties designated as at-risk have a high chance of falling into the category of distressed. They are well below average, ranking in the bottom 10-25% of counties in the United States.
443:
distressed if they meet the standards of economic distress set by the ARC. The category at-risk was introduced on ARC maps in 2006; before then only the four other categories were used.
1866:
2612:
1649:
met with the governors to hear their concerns and observed living conditions in West Virginia that convinced him of the need for federal assistance to address the region's problems.
1724:
have been affected by job losses in coal mining, coal power plant operations, and coal-related supply chain industries due to the changing economics of America's energy production.
2622:
288:
The Appalachian Regional Commission has 14 members: the governors of the 13 Appalachian states and a federal co-chair, who is appointed by the president and confirmed by the
1789:(ISSN 0003-6595), which was bimonthly from September 1967 to the fall of 1986. Then it was quarterly between summer 1987 and summer/fall 1995, and annual from 2004 to 2008.
430:
Funding and development directed to the region after the establishment of the ARC largely eschewed black residents and communities as a result of the efforts of Pound and
2322:
1733:
1695:
All of ARC's activities must advance at least one of the five strategic investment goals articulated in its 2016–2020 strategic plan adopted in November 2015:
2244:
that reached a broad national audience. The book's impact was considerable and is often credited with helping to create the Appalachian Regional Commission.
2441:
1641:
mountainous portions of their states, which lagged behind the rest of the United States in income, education, health care, and transportation. During the
2211:"Extracting Appalachia: Images of the Consolidation Coal Company, 1910–1945, and: To Move a Mountain: Fighting the Global Economy in Appalachia (review)"
1656:
illustrated the need for federal government intervention in Appalachia. Another catalyst that helped lead to the creation of the ARC was the 1962 book
1880:
2642:
2637:
1813:
2632:
2122:
2514:
2294:
2455:
226:
development and improved quality of life. Congress established ARC to bring the region into socioeconomic parity with the rest of the nation.
2179:
329:
A study conducted in 1981 comparing the perceptions of Appalachia's boundaries and the ARC's definition, published in the academic journal
1922:
108:
2066:
2041:
392:
due to the collapse of the steel industry in the region in the early 1980s, and the continuing unemployment problems in the region since
401:
The inclusion of northeastern Mississippi and northwestern Alabama in the ARC's charter was additionally in part based on an altered
1642:
1727:
The Trump Administration's proposed budget for FY 2018 would have eliminated funding for the ARC. However, Senate Majority Leader
391:
1732:
quoted as saying that Biden's proposed American Jobs Plan provides $ 1B in infrastructure repair to help distressed communities.
2108:
1828:
1706:
2627:
1818:
411:
1823:
394:. Additionally, certain regions generally considered to be part of Appalachia, such as most of Virginia's portion of the
2151:
2617:
2420:
2016:
304:
285:
that encompass roughly 205,000 square miles (530,000 km), with a population of more than 25 million people.
157:
1742:
As mandated by Congress, ARC helps coordinate federal, state, and local initiatives to spur economic development
458:
An animated map depicting the economic status counties within the ARC's service area from fiscal year 2002–2024.
2549:
2495:
1658:
303:
and confirmed by the Senate on April 29, 2021, by voice vote. The 2024 states' co-chair is Tennessee governor
2188:
2579:
2184:
2109:"Distressed Designation and County Economic Status Classification System - Appalachian Regional Commission"
83:
To innovate, partner, and invest to build community capacity and strengthen economic growth in Appalachia.
2379:
1990:
1833:
2364:
374: Physically contains the Appalachian Mountains or associated features; not culturally Appalachian
2588:
450:
A map depicting the economic status of counties within the ARC's service area as of fiscal year 2024.
335:
2524:
2377:
1803:
2123:"County Economic Status and Distressed Areas by State, FY 2024 - Appalachian Regional Commission"
1779:
1782:
were higher than average, especially in the parts of Appalachia under the most economic stress.
1963:
1653:
415:
2091:
2070:
1512:
boundaries, physical geography, demographics, economic activity, and transportation activity.
2519:
2045:
1798:
296:
145:
26:
1668:
289:
238:
8:
2607:
1881:"Tennessee Governor Bill Lee Named 2024 Appalachian Regional Commission States' Co-Chair"
1767:
2573:
2378:
Center for Regional Economic Competitiveness; West Virginia University (February 2015).
2323:"McConnell: 'We are not going to allow any cuts to the Appalachian Regional Commission'"
2513:
Ferenchik, Mark; Riepenhoff, Jill; Alford, Roger; Price, Rita (September 26–30, 1999).
1945:
1923:"Appalachia: A Comparison of the Cognitive and Appalachian Regional Commission Regions"
431:
165:
454:
341:
2545:
2501:
2491:
2480:
2435:
2350:
2268:
2230:
1949:
1808:
1684:
407:
395:
2174:
2136:
1683:
in 1965, creating the ARC as a federal agency. It was signed into law by President
2583:
2487:
2475:
2222:
1937:
1901:
1664:
528:
States in the ARC by amount of counties with economic classification as of FY 2024
387:
282:
254:
95:
40:
Areas included within the Appalachian Regional Commission's charter as of July 2023
2592:
2380:"Appalachia Then and Now: Examining Changes to the Appalachian Region since 1965"
2067:"County Economic Status in Appalachia, FY 2005 - Appalachian Regional Commission"
2042:"County Economic Status in Appalachia, FY 2006 - Appalachian Regional Commission"
1728:
1646:
1519:
419:
1838:
270:
258:
2365:"ARC's Investment Priorities for Appalachia - Appalachian Regional Commission"
2260:
2601:
2272:
2234:
1771:
1680:
230:
215:
123:
110:
49:
Council of Appalachian Governors, President's Appalachian Regional Commission
1861:
446:
321:
concern of the ARC is economic development rather than cultural definition.
2299:
2256:
402:
266:
2505:
2265:
University of Kentucky Center for Poverty Research Discussion Paper Series
2092:"Distressed Areas Classification System - Appalachian Regional Commission"
1941:
35:
2226:
376:
The blue dotted line encloses the counties included in the ARC definition
250:
1551:
2295:"Trump's Proposal to Scrap the Agency Devoted to Developing Appalachia"
1675:. This book brought the situation in Appalachia to national attention.
308:
219:
2210:
424:
300:
274:
1672:
278:
246:
242:
223:
2351:"ARC's Structure and Leadership - Appalachian Regional Commission"
2168:
2166:
427:
who had once inhabited the region or the current black residents.
380:
2327:
2153:
DEFINING SUBREGIONS IN APPALACHIA: ARE THERE BETTER ALTERNATIVES?
1964:"S.496 - Appalachian Regional Development Act Amendments of 2008"
1785:
From September 1967 to 2008, the Commission published a magazine
1775:
234:
229:
The Appalachian Region, as defined by Congress, includes all of
2482:
Night comes to the Cumberlands: A biography of a depressed area
2163:
1952:– via University of South Carolina Department of English.
292:. A professional staff carries out the work of the Commission.
2512:
2261:"The Appalachian Regional Development Act and Economic Change"
2542:
To move a mountain: Fighting the global economy in Appalachia
1626:
1611:
1596:
1581:
1566:
2403:"Appalachian death from drug overdoses far outpace nation's"
2137:"Subregions in Appalachia - Appalachian Regional Commission"
324:
262:
2457:
Appalachia: Journal of the Appalachian Regional Commission
2613:
United States federal boards, commissions, and committees
410:
communities in the affected areas in favor of preserving
218:
federal–state partnership that works with the people of
2623:
Economic development organizations in the United States
2567:
2421:"Appalachia Magazine - Appalachian Regional Commission"
193:
1737:
1652:
Unrest in the coal industry with movements like the
338:, poverty, and geographic isolation, among others.
2479:
437:
390:region was declared part of Appalachia by the ARC
2515:"Appalachia: Hollow Promises — A Five-Day Series"
2382:. Washington, DC: Appalachian Regional Commission
1715:and bolstering leadership and community capacity.
2599:
2440:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
1814:List of Appalachian Regional Commission counties
381:Socioeconomic characteristics of ARC boundaries
2401:Cunningham, Paige Winfield (30 October 2017).
2180:Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture
1883:. Appalachian Regional Commission. 2024-01-03
2159:. Population Reference Bureau. pp. 3–8.
1746:all the governors and the federal co-chair.
222:to create opportunities for self-sustaining
1705:investing in infrastructure, including the
2572:
2423:. Archived from the original on 2020-07-24
2400:
2221:(4). Cambridge University Press: 721–724.
1921:Ulack, Richard; Raitz, Karl (1 May 1981).
1920:
1625:
1610:
1595:
1580:
1565:
1550:
1523:The subregions of the ARC as of July 2023.
315:
25:
467:Criteria for ARC economic classification
398:, are not included in the ARC's charter.
325:ARC boundaries versus cultural boundaries
2539:
2320:
2208:
2014:
1989:Gatta, John Patrick (1 September 2007).
1856:
1854:
1518:
453:
445:
340:
2643:Government agencies established in 1965
2638:1965 establishments in Washington, D.C.
2474:
2292:
2173:Speer, Jean Haskell (January 1, 2010).
2149:
2017:"The Making of Appalachian Mississippi"
1712:leveraging natural and cultural assets,
2633:Rural development in the United States
2600:
2255:
1829:Southeast Crescent Regional Commission
1707:Appalachian Development Highway System
362: Sometimes included in Appalachia
16:Government agency in the United States
2209:McKinney, Gordon B. (December 2004).
2172:
2103:
2101:
1988:
1851:
1671:area of Appalachia, predominantly in
299:. Manchin was appointed by President
1916:
1914:
1819:List of micro-regional organizations
356: Usually included in Appalachia
2490:Press book. Boston: Little, Brown.
2321:Reighard, Angela (March 19, 2017).
1824:Northern Border Regional Commission
368: Rarely included in Appalachia
350: Always included in Appalachia
345:Cultural definitions of Appalachia:
13:
2468:
2460:. Appalachian Regional Commission.
2293:Godfrey, Elaine (March 16, 2017).
2115:
2098:
1757:
1667:on the poverty and history of the
14:
2654:
2559:
2175:"Appalachian Regional Commission"
2015:Randolph, Justin (1 March 2021).
1911:
1770:, which found that deaths due to
1738:Funding and community development
1661:: A Biography of a Depressed Area
1506:
533:By percent of total ARC counties
233:and portions of 12 other states:
1699:creating economic opportunities,
295:The current federal co-chair is
281:. ARC serves 423 counties and 8
34:
2589:Appalachian Regional Commission
2580:Appalachian Regional Commission
2448:
2413:
2394:
2371:
2357:
2343:
2314:
2286:
2249:
2202:
2150:Pollard, Kevin M. (June 2005).
2143:
2129:
2084:
1906:Appalachian Regional Commission
1862:Appalachian Regional Commission
438:County economic classifications
208:Appalachian Regional Commission
20:Appalachian Regional Commission
2523:. Columbus, OH. Archived from
2242:Night Comes to the Cumberlands
2059:
2034:
2008:
1982:
1956:
1894:
1873:
1659:Night Comes to the Cumberlands
515:
506:
497:
489:
479:
1:
2189:University of Tennessee Press
1766:ARC commissioned a report on
1702:developing a ready workforce,
1528:2005 ARC Subregion Proposals
2185:Tennessee Historical Society
2069:. 2017-05-13. Archived from
2044:. 2017-05-13. Archived from
1908:. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
1870:. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
7:
2628:Rural community development
1792:
1690:
10:
2659:
2237:– via Project MUSE.
1834:Tennessee Valley Authority
1643:1960 Presidential campaign
1635:
561:Total % of distressed
2540:Weinbaum, Eve S. (2004).
1991:"Youngstown, Appalachia?"
1000:and with distressed tract
563:and with distressed tract
336:environmental degradation
188:
175:
163:
151:
139:
102:
87:
79:
75:State–federal partnership
71:
53:
45:
33:
24:
2215:Enterprise & Society
1844:
1804:Delta Regional Authority
472:Economic classification
331:Southeastern Geographer,
2618:Geography of Appalachia
2544:. New York: New Press.
1930:Southeastern Geographer
1780:alcoholic liver disease
316:Geography and sociology
124:38.912448°N 77.045374°W
91:1666 Connecticut Ave NW
2259:(September 16, 2010).
1524:
459:
451:
416:historical negationism
377:
59:; 59 years ago
2520:The Columbus Dispatch
1942:10.1353/sgo.1981.0003
1902:ARC Offices and Staff
1799:Appalachian Mountains
1522:
998:Total # of distressed
457:
449:
344:
297:Gayle Conelly Manchin
146:Gayle Conelly Manchin
129:38.912448; -77.045374
573:Percent transitional
2407:The Washington Post
1968:Library of Congress
1768:diseases of despair
1529:
578:Percent competitive
529:
468:
414:, and to engage in
120: /
21:
2227:10.1093/es/khh099a
1687:on March 9, 1965.
1527:
1525:
583:Percent attainment
549:Percent Distressed
527:
466:
460:
452:
432:Southern Democrats
378:
283:independent cities
166:Executive director
57:March 9, 1965
19:
2527:on March 14, 2003
2476:Caudill, Harry M.
2021:Southern Cultures
1809:Denali Commission
1744:
1685:Lyndon B. Johnson
1633:
1632:
1504:
1503:
1500:
1499:
968:
967:
928:% of all counties
556:distressed tracts
525:
524:
396:Shenandoah Valley
204:
203:
2650:
2584:Federal Register
2576:
2571:
2570:
2568:Official website
2555:
2536:
2534:
2532:
2509:
2488:Atlantic Monthly
2485:
2462:
2461:
2452:
2446:
2445:
2439:
2431:
2429:
2428:
2417:
2411:
2410:
2398:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2387:
2375:
2369:
2368:
2361:
2355:
2354:
2347:
2341:
2340:
2338:
2336:
2318:
2312:
2311:
2309:
2307:
2290:
2284:
2283:
2281:
2279:
2257:Ziliak, James P.
2253:
2247:
2246:
2243:
2206:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2170:
2161:
2160:
2158:
2147:
2141:
2140:
2133:
2127:
2126:
2119:
2113:
2112:
2105:
2096:
2095:
2088:
2082:
2081:
2079:
2078:
2063:
2057:
2056:
2054:
2053:
2038:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2012:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1986:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1970:. 8 October 2008
1960:
1954:
1953:
1927:
1918:
1909:
1898:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1888:
1877:
1871:
1858:
1743:
1665:Harry M. Caudill
1629:
1614:
1599:
1584:
1569:
1554:
1530:
1526:
972:
971:
542:
541:
530:
526:
518:
482:
469:
465:
388:Youngstown, Ohio
373:
367:
361:
355:
349:
200:
197:
195:
153:States' co-chair
141:Federal co-chair
135:
134:
132:
131:
130:
125:
121:
118:
117:
116:
113:
96:Washington, D.C.
67:
65:
60:
38:
29:
22:
18:
2658:
2657:
2653:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2648:
2647:
2598:
2597:
2593:USAspending.gov
2566:
2565:
2562:
2552:
2530:
2528:
2498:
2471:
2469:Further reading
2466:
2465:
2454:
2453:
2449:
2433:
2432:
2426:
2424:
2419:
2418:
2414:
2399:
2395:
2385:
2383:
2376:
2372:
2363:
2362:
2358:
2349:
2348:
2344:
2334:
2332:
2319:
2315:
2305:
2303:
2291:
2287:
2277:
2275:
2254:
2250:
2241:
2207:
2203:
2193:
2191:
2171:
2164:
2156:
2148:
2144:
2135:
2134:
2130:
2121:
2120:
2116:
2107:
2106:
2099:
2090:
2089:
2085:
2076:
2074:
2065:
2064:
2060:
2051:
2049:
2040:
2039:
2035:
2025:
2023:
2013:
2009:
1999:
1997:
1987:
1983:
1973:
1971:
1962:
1961:
1957:
1925:
1919:
1912:
1899:
1895:
1886:
1884:
1879:
1878:
1874:
1867:USAspending.gov
1859:
1852:
1847:
1795:
1760:
1758:Accomplishments
1740:
1729:Mitch McConnell
1693:
1647:John F. Kennedy
1638:
1509:
1321:South Carolina
1225:North Carolina
1028:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
999:
994:
992:
991:# of Distressed
987:
985:
984:With distressed
980:
823:South Carolina
745:North Carolina
584:
579:
574:
569:
568:Percent at-risk
564:
562:
557:
555:
550:
516:
480:
440:
412:white supremacy
383:
375:
371:
369:
365:
363:
359:
357:
353:
351:
347:
327:
318:
192:
184:
178:
171:Brandon McBride
168:
154:
142:
128:
126:
122:
119:
114:
111:
109:
107:
106:
94:
92:
63:
61:
58:
41:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2656:
2646:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2596:
2595:
2586:
2577:
2561:
2560:External links
2558:
2557:
2556:
2550:
2537:
2510:
2496:
2470:
2467:
2464:
2463:
2447:
2412:
2393:
2370:
2356:
2342:
2313:
2285:
2248:
2201:
2162:
2142:
2128:
2114:
2097:
2083:
2058:
2033:
2007:
1981:
1955:
1910:
1893:
1872:
1849:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1842:
1841:
1839:War on poverty
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1794:
1791:
1759:
1756:
1739:
1736:
1717:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1703:
1700:
1692:
1689:
1654:Roving Pickets
1637:
1634:
1631:
1630:
1623:
1620:
1616:
1615:
1608:
1605:
1601:
1600:
1593:
1590:
1586:
1585:
1578:
1575:
1571:
1570:
1563:
1560:
1556:
1555:
1548:
1545:
1541:
1540:
1537:
1534:
1508:
1507:ARC subregions
1505:
1502:
1501:
1498:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1446:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1418:
1417:West Virginia
1414:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1389:
1386:
1382:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1350:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1318:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1286:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1258:
1254:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1222:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1190:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1158:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1126:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1094:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1062:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1030:
1029:
1025:Total counties
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
997:
995:
990:
988:
983:
981:
978:
976:
969:
966:
965:
960:
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
924:
923:
920:
917:
914:
911:
908:
905:
902:
901:West Virginia
898:
897:
894:
891:
888:
885:
882:
879:
876:
872:
871:
868:
865:
862:
859:
856:
853:
850:
846:
845:
842:
839:
836:
833:
830:
827:
824:
820:
819:
816:
813:
810:
807:
804:
801:
798:
794:
793:
790:
787:
784:
781:
778:
775:
772:
768:
767:
764:
761:
758:
755:
752:
749:
746:
742:
741:
738:
735:
732:
729:
726:
723:
720:
716:
715:
712:
709:
706:
703:
700:
697:
694:
690:
689:
686:
683:
680:
677:
674:
671:
668:
664:
663:
660:
657:
654:
651:
648:
645:
642:
638:
637:
634:
631:
628:
625:
622:
619:
616:
612:
611:
608:
605:
602:
599:
596:
593:
590:
586:
585:
582:
580:
577:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
560:
558:
553:
551:
548:
546:
538:
537:
534:
523:
522:
519:
513:
512:
508:
504:
503:
499:
495:
494:
491:
487:
486:
483:
477:
476:
473:
439:
436:
382:
379:
370:
364:
358:
352:
346:
326:
323:
317:
314:
271:South Carolina
259:North Carolina
202:
201:
190:
186:
185:
182:
181:$ 285,600,000
179:
176:
173:
172:
169:
164:
161:
160:
155:
152:
149:
148:
143:
140:
137:
136:
104:
100:
99:
89:
85:
84:
81:
77:
76:
73:
69:
68:
55:
51:
50:
47:
43:
42:
39:
31:
30:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2655:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2605:
2603:
2594:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2581:
2578:
2575:
2569:
2564:
2563:
2553:
2547:
2543:
2538:
2526:
2522:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2493:
2489:
2484:
2483:
2477:
2473:
2472:
2459:
2458:
2451:
2443:
2437:
2422:
2416:
2408:
2404:
2397:
2381:
2374:
2366:
2360:
2352:
2346:
2330:
2329:
2324:
2317:
2302:
2301:
2296:
2289:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2252:
2245:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2205:
2190:
2186:
2183:. Nashville:
2182:
2181:
2176:
2169:
2167:
2155:
2154:
2146:
2138:
2132:
2124:
2118:
2110:
2104:
2102:
2093:
2087:
2073:on 2017-05-13
2072:
2068:
2062:
2048:on 2017-05-13
2047:
2043:
2037:
2022:
2018:
2011:
1996:
1995:Metro Monthly
1992:
1985:
1969:
1965:
1959:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1924:
1917:
1915:
1907:
1903:
1897:
1882:
1876:
1869:
1868:
1863:
1857:
1855:
1850:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1796:
1790:
1788:
1783:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1772:drug overdose
1769:
1764:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1735:
1734:
1730:
1725:
1721:
1714:
1711:
1708:
1704:
1701:
1698:
1697:
1696:
1688:
1686:
1682:
1676:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1648:
1644:
1628:
1624:
1621:
1618:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1591:
1588:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1561:
1558:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1546:
1543:
1542:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1531:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1447:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1415:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1364:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1319:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1294:
1291:
1289:Pennsylvania
1288:
1287:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1255:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1223:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1191:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
996:
989:
982:
977:
974:
973:
970:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
925:
921:
918:
915:
912:
909:
906:
903:
900:
899:
895:
892:
889:
886:
883:
880:
877:
874:
873:
869:
866:
863:
860:
857:
854:
851:
848:
847:
843:
840:
837:
834:
831:
828:
825:
822:
821:
817:
814:
811:
808:
805:
802:
799:
797:Pennsylvania
796:
795:
791:
788:
785:
782:
779:
776:
773:
770:
769:
765:
762:
759:
756:
753:
750:
747:
744:
743:
739:
736:
733:
730:
727:
724:
721:
718:
717:
713:
710:
707:
704:
701:
698:
695:
692:
691:
687:
684:
681:
678:
675:
672:
669:
666:
665:
661:
658:
655:
652:
649:
646:
643:
640:
639:
635:
632:
629:
626:
623:
620:
617:
614:
613:
609:
606:
603:
600:
597:
594:
591:
588:
587:
581:
576:
571:
566:
559:
552:
547:
544:
543:
540:
539:
535:
532:
531:
520:
514:
509:
505:
500:
498:Transitional
496:
492:
488:
484:
478:
474:
471:
470:
464:
456:
448:
444:
435:
433:
428:
426:
421:
417:
413:
409:
404:
399:
397:
393:
389:
343:
339:
337:
332:
322:
313:
310:
306:
302:
298:
293:
291:
286:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
231:West Virginia
227:
225:
221:
217:
216:United States
213:
209:
199:
191:
187:
180:
174:
170:
167:
162:
159:
156:
150:
147:
144:
138:
133:
105:
101:
97:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
56:
52:
48:
44:
37:
32:
28:
23:
2541:
2529:. Retrieved
2525:the original
2518:
2481:
2456:
2450:
2425:. Retrieved
2415:
2406:
2396:
2384:. Retrieved
2373:
2359:
2345:
2333:. Retrieved
2331:. Hazard, KY
2326:
2316:
2304:. Retrieved
2300:The Atlantic
2298:
2288:
2276:. Retrieved
2264:
2251:
2238:
2218:
2214:
2204:
2192:. Retrieved
2178:
2152:
2145:
2131:
2117:
2086:
2075:. Retrieved
2071:the original
2061:
2050:. Retrieved
2046:the original
2036:
2024:. Retrieved
2020:
2010:
1998:. Retrieved
1994:
1984:
1972:. Retrieved
1967:
1958:
1936:(1): 40–53.
1933:
1929:
1905:
1896:
1885:. Retrieved
1875:
1865:
1786:
1784:
1765:
1761:
1752:
1748:
1741:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1694:
1677:
1657:
1651:
1645:, candidate
1639:
1536:Description
1514:
1510:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1161:Mississippi
1010:Transitional
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
693:Mississippi
554:Percent with
507:Competitive
475:Description
461:
441:
429:
403:Rand McNally
400:
384:
330:
328:
319:
312:the region.
294:
287:
267:Pennsylvania
228:
211:
207:
205:
88:Headquarters
1015:Competitive
536:By numbers
251:Mississippi
127: /
103:Coordinates
46:Predecessor
2608:Appalachia
2602:Categories
2551:1565847849
2497:0316132128
2427:2022-04-15
2077:2023-07-19
2052:2023-07-19
1887:2024-05-13
1787:Appalachia
1669:Cumberland
1353:Tennessee
1020:Attainment
979:Distressed
975:ARC state
849:Tennessee
545:ARC state
517:Attainment
481:Distressed
425:Chickasaws
309:Grassroots
220:Appalachia
115:77°02′43″W
112:38°54′45″N
64:1965-03-09
2531:March 26,
2386:March 26,
2335:March 26,
2306:March 26,
2278:March 26,
2273:1936-9379
2235:1467-2235
2194:March 26,
1950:129102929
1544:Baseline
1385:Virginia
1193:New York
1129:Maryland
1097:Kentucky
875:Virginia
719:New York
667:Maryland
641:Kentucky
301:Joe Biden
275:Tennessee
93:Suite 700
54:Formation
2478:(1963).
2436:cite web
1793:See also
1691:Projects
1681:Congress
1673:Kentucky
1065:Georgia
1033:Alabama
615:Georgia
589:Alabama
490:At-risk
305:Bill Lee
279:Virginia
255:New York
247:Maryland
243:Kentucky
224:economic
177:Budget
158:Bill Lee
2582:in the
2328:WYMT-TV
2026:18 July
2000:18 July
1974:18 July
1776:suicide
1636:History
1005:At-risk
919:01.82%
916:43.64%
913:21.82%
910:76.36%
907:43.64%
904:32.73%
896:03.03%
890:48.48%
887:33.33%
884:69.70%
881:54.55%
878:15.15%
867:01.92%
864:51.92%
861:36.54%
858:86.54%
855:76.92%
852:09.62%
841:14.29%
838:57.14%
835:14.29%
832:85.71%
829:71.43%
826:14.29%
815:03.85%
812:90.38%
809:03.85%
806:61.54%
803:59.62%
800:01.92%
789:06.25%
786:34.38%
783:46.88%
780:84.38%
777:71.88%
774:12.50%
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627:10.81%
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621:59.46%
618:05.41%
610:02.70%
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604:72.97%
601:16.22%
598:86.49%
595:81.08%
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