183:
143:. Terroir refers to a given geographical area having specific environmental and human features that affect an agricultural product's key characteristics. These factors are meant to capture unique environmental features (e.g. type of soil, topology of the production environment, local climate) and farming and processing practices (e.g. the steps taken and inputs used in producing a specific type of cheese). Thus, it includes the traditional savoir-faire that goes into the production of AOC products. Taken together, these give the product its distinctive qualities.
258:
717:
745:
667:
After many years, such names became simply generic names for food products. Thus, products which are labelled AOC in France or AOP in the
European Union may compete in international markets with foreign products that refer to a geographical origin that has nothing to do with where the product is produced (e.g. Parmesan that is produced in the United States and not in a narrowly defined region of northern Italy).
40:
731:
166:
in its name, the producer (who is legally required to identify the place of origin on the product label but legally prohibited from using the full town's name unless the product is an approved AOC product) is enjoined from listing anything more than a cryptic postal code. For example, there are a dozen
165:
To prevent any possible misrepresentation, no part of an AOC name may be used on a label of a product not qualifying for that AOC. This strict label policy can lead to confusion, especially where towns share names with appellations. If the town of origin of a product contains a controlled appellation
693:
trademarks can be registered under the intellectual property regime. The owner of a certification trademark is then allowed to sell licences to be used for certain products meeting the owner's criteria. Thus in the case of wines, one AOC certification trademark is owned by the French
Republic, while
666:
Outside their home country, the protections afforded by the AOC status may not be available in foreign markets. Part of the problem arises from the fact that
European migrants to various countries marketed food products under the names referring to the places they came from (e.g. Parmesan, Rioja).
283:
On the other hand, while the process of label approval is enforced to the millimetre, the quality control for the wine in the bottle is less strict. A blind taster must approve the wine for it to receive AOC classification, but this tasting often occurs before the product is even bottled, and by a
161:
Under French law, it is illegal to manufacture and sell a product under one of the AOC-controlled geographical indications if it does not comply with the criteria of the AOC. In order to make them easily recognizable, all AOC products carry a seal. The seal displays a number as well as the name of
613:
even uses the legal terminology "Appellation of Wine Origin" to describe a vintage wine's location of origin. The AVA indication on a label indicates that 85% of the grapes for wine are grown in the designated AVA. Overall, the appellation of a wine simply says where the grapes are from, although
157:
The INAO's mission is to ensure that all AOC products are held to a rigorous set of clearly defined standards; they are to be produced in a consistent and traditional manner with ingredients from specifically classified producers in designated geographical areas. The products must also be aged at
92:– and using recognized and traditional know-how. The specificity of an AOC product is determined by the combination of a physical and biological environment with established production techniques transmitted within a human community. Together, these give the product its distinctive qualities.
107:(PDO and PGI) system has harmonized the protection of all geographical indications and their registration. When labelling wine however, producers may still use recognized traditional terms like AOC, and are not required to display the PDO and PGI logos or terms, mostly for aesthetic purposes.
1363:
273:
Legislation concerning the way vineyards are identified makes recognizing the various AOCs very challenging for wine drinkers not accustomed to the system. Often, distinguishing classifications requires knowledge of esoteric label laws such as "Unless the wine is from a
284:
local expert who may well have ties to the local vintners. Even if the taster is objective, the wine sample may not be representative of the actual product, and there is almost no way to verify that the finished bottled product is the same as the original AOC sample.
269:
are entitled to the display the AOC seal on their label. Wines still may use this label, despite classification under EU and UK law as
Protected Designation of Origin. In 2018, 47% of the wines produced in France were wines with a controlled designation of origin.
1806:
1367:
614:
there are some particularities. If the appellation is a state, 100% of the grapes which go into the wine must come from the specific state. If a winery gets grapes from a neighboring state (for example, a
1045:
244:(INAO). The AOC seal was created and mandated by French laws in the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s. On 2 July 1990, the scope of work of the INAO was extended beyond wines to cover other agricultural products.
1496:
784:
885:
1757:
1447:
523:
is a wine classification system based on geographic region, but it differs from the AOC in important ways. Qualitätswein bestimmter
Anbaugebiete wines are commonly seen as less prestigious than
468:
After Brexit, all geographic indications already established under EU law as of 31 December 2020 are also recognized under UK law, according to
Article 54, paragraph 2 of the withdrawal treaty.
202:
1299:"The Fifty States of Sway and the European Cheese Union: Why the United States and the European Union Struggle with the Implementation of Geographical Indications in their TTIP Negotiations"
334:
Lavender oil: In 1981, the AOC label was given to Haute-Provence
Lavender Essential Oil. It refers to a very high-quality production and concerns only the essential oil of fine lavender -
1785:
1750:
1613:
794:
779:
574:
406:
AOC regions for butter. The Beurre
Charentes-Poitou was accorded AOC status in 1979 and PDO status in 1996 as Beurre Charentes-Poitou / Beurre des Charentes / Beurre des Deux-Sèvres.
381:
has been given AOC status. There are six certified varietals of
Corsican honey: Printemps, Maquis de printemps, Miellats du maquis, Châtaigneraie, Maquis d'été, and Maquis d'automne.
146:
The terroirs of AOCs vary dramatically in size. Some cover vast expanses with a variety of climatic and soil conditions, while others are small and highly uniform. For example, the
1778:
1764:
300:
have been assigned AOC status. The generally are also classified as
Protected Designations of Origin under EU law, and thus use the PDO/AOP logo, rather than the AOC logo.
458:, PDO). This protection recognizes products that are the "result of a unique combination of human and environmental factors that are characteristic of a given territory."
1238:
1707:
1207:
461:
Most products with an AOC designation also have a protected designation of AOP under EU law. For those products, only the EU PDO/AOP designation can be used. However,
685:
Since each country has its own legal and agricultural framework, the specifics of each trade relationship are likely to vary. Also, there are often conflicts between
1019:
1529:
17:
789:
297:
212:(CNAO) was created by representatives of the government and the major winegrowers to manage the administration of the AOC process for wines at the initiative of
1717:
150:
covers some 75,000 acres (about 30,000 hectares) and 171 villages, making it one of the largest AOCs. However, within its area lies one of the smallest AOCs,
1652:
892:
799:
266:
31:
1215:
515:
in 1933 preceded the French AOC system by a few years and show that Spain's DdO system developed parallel to France's AOC system to some extent. Similarly,
240:
133:
45:
1602:
585:
1454:
95:
The defining technical and geographic factors are set forth in standards for each product, including wines, cheeses and meats. Other countries and the
88:) is a label that identifies an agricultural product whose stages of production and processing are carried out in a defined geographical area – the
489:
1106:
340:. The fields must be located within a specific territory at a minimum altitude of 800 meters. This geographic area covers 284 communities in the
1523:
532:
1508:
497:
205:
was passed, specifying the region and commune in which a given product must be manufactured. This law has since been revised many times.
137:(INAO). The certification system is designed to protect distinctive and traditional regional products, based on the upon the concept of
678:
between Canada and the European Union is an example. Alternatively, the country can seek the development of rules or agreements at the
675:
988:
Inventing Wine: A New History of One of the World's Most Ancient Pleasures: A New History of One of the World's Most Ancient Pleasures
162:
the certifying body. The color of the seal indicates the product classification: green for field products and red for dairy products.
1867:
1560:
610:
606:
520:
201:
decree. The first French law determining viticultural designations of origin dates to the 1 August 1905, and, on 6 May 1919, the
1298:
280:
vineyard, the vineyard name must be printed in characters no more than half the height of the ones used for the village name."
174:. Any vineyard that produces wine in one of those towns must not mention the name of the town of origin on the product labels.
1585:
1575:
1565:
1320:
Gangjee, Dev Saif (18 July 2007). "Quibbling Siblings: Conflicts between Trademarks and Geographical Indications". ssrn.com.
996:
937:
542:
702:
1550:
1542:
1491:
764:
485:
1683:
1607:
1554:
1421:
1264:
626:), it may label the wine "Oregon", but if the state is not a neighboring one (for example, a California vintner getting
220:
1832:
1662:
674:
with other countries, whereupon the signatories agree to accord a special status to a list of designated products. The
1837:
1504:
1440:
1405:
1089:
1580:
1478:
1743:
1739:
1500:
804:
550:
524:
455:
451:
167:
104:
1771:
1645:
1570:
886:"EC-ASEAN Intellectual Property Rights Co-operation Programme, Unit 4. Trademarks and Geographical Indications"
1546:
1882:
1857:
699:
170:
that have Cabardès in their names, several of which are not even within the geographical boundaries of the
858:
1722:
1690:
689:
and geographical indications. For instance, in Canada, only Canadian wines can be VQA approved but other
1847:
1668:
1620:
1535:
1169:
1114:
602:
1591:
1842:
1676:
1672:
1485:
647:
1597:
1346:
504:
679:
1463:
341:
318:
147:
116:
1877:
1712:
911:
L'INAO, de ses origines à la fin des années 1960 Genèse et évolutions du système des vins d'AOC
336:
124:
1325:
986:
925:
228:
151:
1852:
1333:
369:
182:
326:
1073:
8:
671:
395:
232:
1239:"Brexit : quelles répercussions sur les indications géographiques protégées ?"
1183:"PDO and PGI products represent the excellence of European agricultural food production"
1872:
1656:
1394:
1182:
1081:
808:
631:
627:
1512:
833:
450:
EU law has created a similar type of protection for regional products called the AOP (
1862:
1401:
1321:
1085:
992:
933:
391:
257:
655:
314:
293:
194:
1811:
1208:"AOC/AOP (Controlled designation of origin/ PDO-Protected designation of origin)"
365:
309:
Meat: On 15 August 1957, the National Assembly gave AOC status to the poultry of
64:
960:
171:
774:
558:
100:
96:
399:
1826:
1272:
750:
716:
690:
427:
322:
30:
This article is about the French designation. For the Swiss designation, see
217:
1432:
785:
Geographical indications and traditional specialities in the European Union
554:
508:
345:
213:
758:
736:
722:
562:
528:
477:
440:
276:
120:
930:
Dictionnaire des parlementaires d'Aquitaine sous la Troisième République
296:
became the first cheese to be awarded an AOC label, and since then over
619:
615:
424:
686:
198:
187:
913:(in French). Thesis of the University of Bourgogne. pp. 95–106.
780:
Geographical indications and traditional specialities in Switzerland
650:(VQA). It only applies to Canadian wines, and only the provinces of
575:
Geographical indications and traditional specialities in Switzerland
403:
538:
416:
412:
387:
353:
349:
813:
651:
546:
516:
378:
139:
465:
with a PDO/AOP status can still use the French AOC designation.
643:
623:
512:
420:
361:
310:
224:
128:
39:
768:
565:'s AOC-IGP are all similar to the French AOC system as well.
481:
193:
The origins of AOC date to 1411, when the production of blue
795:
List of Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée liqueurs and spirits
730:
115:
The AOC certification of authenticity is granted to certain
1149:
238:
After World War II the Committee became the public-private
154:, which occupies less than 4 hectares (9.9 acres) of land.
1427:
1150:"INAO - Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité"
961:"Vins Rhône - L'histoire des vins de la vallée du Rhône"
646:, there is a government-sanctioned wine standard called
589:
certification for other food products. Before 2013, the
325:. In September of the same year, the INAO validated the
493:
1020:"Appellation d'origine protégée/contrôlée (AOP/AOC)"
932:(in French). Presses Univ de Bordeaux. p. 182.
712:
1046:"Le vin en quelques chiffres clés - Vin et société"
158:least partially in the respective designated area.
1393:
605:also follows the model set by the French AOC. The
492:followed the model set by the French AOC, and the
231:, successfully obtained legal recognition of the "
634:), the only permitted appellation is "American".
1824:
490:Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita
110:
790:List of Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée cheeses
134:Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité
46:Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité
1104:
1448:
800:List of Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée wines
661:
203:Law for the Protection of the Place of Origin
32:Appellation d'origine contrôlée (Switzerland)
1462:
1139:, Lyon, Thèse de médecine vétérinaire, 2008.
241:Institut National des Appellations d'Origine
1098:
1068:
1066:
498:Quality Wines Produced in Specified Regions
69:
1455:
1441:
676:Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement
434:
210:Comité National des appellations d'origine
368:have AOC status as well as PDO-status as
131:, and other agricultural products by the
1391:
1063:
883:
611:Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau
607:United States Department of the Treasury
256:
181:
38:
1319:
1296:
1236:
923:
908:
767:, a similar certification regulated by
507:is very similar, the classification of
27:French protected geographic appellation
14:
1825:
1072:
984:
831:
476:Many other countries have based their
1436:
1358:
1356:
1292:
1290:
859:"A Closer Look at the Côtes du Rhône"
521:Qualitätswein bestimmter Anbaugebiete
471:
317:). In 2006, it awarded AOC status to
63:
765:Denominazione di origine controllata
486:Denominazione di Origine Controllata
261:Bordeaux wine map (click to enlarge)
18:Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée
909:Humbert, Florian (September 2011).
247:
99:have similar labeling systems. The
24:
1353:
1287:
1237:Fortuna, Gerardo (28 April 2021).
884:Blakeney, Michael (October 2007).
533:Vin Délimité de Qualité Supérieure
500:(QWpsr) also corresponds closely.
480:on the French AOC classification.
65:[apɛlasjɔ̃dɔʁiʒinkɔ̃tʁole]
25:
1894:
1415:
445:
303:
235:" appellation of origin in 1936.
1868:French intellectual property law
985:Lukacs, Paul (21 October 2013).
743:
729:
715:
698:, a wine producer, of which the
596:
543:Denominação de Origem Controlada
527:, making it more similar to the
221:Baron Pierre Le Roy Boiseaumarié
79:controlled designation of origin
1313:
1257:
1230:
1200:
1175:
1160:
1142:
1129:
1105:Lascève, Agnès (19 June 2011).
1078:French Wine Revised and Updated
991:. W. W. Norton. p. PT200.
926:"CAPUS Joseph, Marie 1867-1947"
832:Hanson, Carl (12 August 2021).
805:Protected designation of origin
591:appellation d'origine contrôlée
583:certification for wines and an
581:appellation d'origine contrôlée
551:Districtus Austria Controllatus
456:Protected designation of origin
105:protected designation of origin
56:appellation d'origine contrôlée
1038:
1012:
978:
953:
917:
902:
877:
851:
825:
807:, a classification defined in
586:appellation d'origine protégée
568:
452:appellation d'origine protégée
386:Butter: France recognizes the
13:
1:
1385:
1297:Hermann, Lando M. C. (2020).
1113:. FrancePress. Archived from
703:Société des alcools du Québec
478:controlled place name systems
111:How the labeling system works
891:. p. 52. Archived from
7:
1400:. New York: HarperCollins.
1392:Phillips, Roderick (2000).
1303:Intellectual'Property Brief
924:Bouneau, Christine (1998).
708:
603:American Viticultural Areas
593:was used for all products.
10:
1899:
1366:. ic.gc.ca. Archived from
1364:"Canadian trade-mark data"
1265:"WINES: What's in a Name?"
662:International trade issues
572:
525:Qualitätswein mit Prädikat
438:
177:
29:
1833:Intellectual property law
1799:
1731:
1700:
1637:
1631:Lists by product category
1630:
1470:
648:Vintners Quality Alliance
637:
377:Honey from the island of
321:raised in the Bay of the
287:
1838:Geographical indications
1751:AOC liqueurs and spirits
1464:Geographical indications
819:
680:World Trade Organization
117:geographical indications
1713:France (PDO/PGI/AOC/LR)
1396:A Short History of Wine
1170:Beurre Charentes-Poitou
435:Other countries' labels
342:Alpes-de-Haute-Provence
252:
1422:Appellations of Origin
1341:Cite journal requires
505:denominación de origen
337:Lavandula angustifolia
262:
190:
50:
1471:Certification systems
1137:Le fin gras du Mézenc
573:Further information:
439:Further information:
370:Lentille verte du Puy
260:
208:On 30 July 1935, the
185:
61:French pronunciation:
42:
1424:from the TTB website
696:Maison des Futailles
694:another is owned by
672:bilateral agreements
430:all have AOC status.
227:and winegrower from
186:Peppers with AOC of
43:Headquarters of the
1883:Wine classification
1858:Food product brands
1050:archive.wikiwix.com
601:The United States'
579:Switzerland has an
229:Châteauneuf-du-Pape
168:townships in l'Aude
1107:"La baie de Somme"
1082:Dorling Kindersley
898:on 3 October 2011.
834:"What Is Terroir?"
809:European Union Law
472:Other EU countries
454:; or, in English,
327:Fin gras du Mézenc
263:
191:
148:Côtes du Rhône AOC
51:
1848:Alcohol in France
1820:
1819:
1795:
1794:
1117:on 14 August 2011
998:978-0-393-23964-5
939:978-2-86781-231-6
392:Charente-Maritime
218:Rhône wine region
197:was regulated by
16:(Redirected from
1890:
1843:French wine AOCs
1807:Lisbon Agreement
1784:United Kingdom (
1738:European Union (
1635:
1634:
1457:
1450:
1443:
1434:
1433:
1411:
1399:
1380:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1360:
1351:
1350:
1344:
1339:
1337:
1329:
1317:
1311:
1310:
1294:
1285:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1275:on 25 March 2012
1271:. Archived from
1261:
1255:
1254:
1252:
1250:
1234:
1228:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1212:
1204:
1198:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1179:
1173:
1168:
1164:
1158:
1157:
1146:
1140:
1133:
1127:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1102:
1096:
1095:
1070:
1061:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1042:
1036:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1016:
1010:
1009:
1007:
1005:
982:
976:
975:
973:
971:
957:
951:
950:
948:
946:
921:
915:
914:
906:
900:
899:
897:
890:
881:
875:
874:
872:
870:
855:
849:
848:
846:
844:
829:
753:
748:
747:
746:
739:
734:
733:
725:
720:
719:
656:British Columbia
632:Washington state
618:vintner getting
315:Poulet de Bresse
267:300 French wines
248:Product coverage
195:Roquefort cheese
83:
80:
77:
74:
71:
67:
62:
21:
1898:
1897:
1893:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1888:
1887:
1823:
1822:
1821:
1816:
1791:
1727:
1696:
1682:United States (
1626:
1619:United States (
1616:(PDO, PGI, TSG)
1466:
1461:
1418:
1408:
1388:
1383:
1373:
1371:
1370:on 27 July 2011
1362:
1361:
1354:
1342:
1340:
1331:
1330:
1318:
1314:
1295:
1288:
1278:
1276:
1263:
1262:
1258:
1248:
1246:
1235:
1231:
1221:
1219:
1210:
1206:
1205:
1201:
1191:
1189:
1181:
1180:
1176:
1166:
1165:
1161:
1148:
1147:
1143:
1135:Amélie Chapus,
1134:
1130:
1120:
1118:
1103:
1099:
1092:
1071:
1064:
1054:
1052:
1044:
1043:
1039:
1029:
1027:
1018:
1017:
1013:
1003:
1001:
999:
983:
979:
969:
967:
959:
958:
954:
944:
942:
940:
922:
918:
907:
903:
895:
888:
882:
878:
868:
866:
863:Wine Enthusiast
857:
856:
852:
842:
840:
830:
826:
822:
749:
744:
742:
735:
728:
721:
714:
711:
670:In such cases,
664:
640:
599:
577:
571:
474:
448:
443:
437:
366:Le Puy-en-Velay
319:salt marsh lamb
306:
290:
255:
250:
180:
152:Château-Grillet
113:
81:
78:
75:
72:
60:
53:In France, the
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1896:
1886:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1818:
1817:
1815:
1814:
1809:
1803:
1801:
1797:
1796:
1793:
1792:
1790:
1789:
1782:
1775:
1768:
1761:
1754:
1747:
1735:
1733:
1729:
1728:
1726:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1708:European Union
1704:
1702:
1698:
1697:
1695:
1694:
1687:
1680:
1665:
1660:
1649:
1641:
1639:
1632:
1628:
1627:
1625:
1624:
1617:
1614:United Kingdom
1611:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:South Africa (
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1539:
1532:
1527:
1516:
1497:European Union
1494:
1489:
1482:
1474:
1472:
1468:
1467:
1460:
1459:
1452:
1445:
1437:
1431:
1430:
1425:
1417:
1416:External links
1414:
1413:
1412:
1406:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1381:
1352:
1343:|journal=
1312:
1286:
1256:
1229:
1199:
1174:
1159:
1141:
1128:
1097:
1090:
1084:. p. 37.
1074:Joseph, Robert
1062:
1037:
1011:
997:
977:
965:vins-rhone.com
952:
938:
916:
901:
876:
850:
823:
821:
818:
817:
816:
811:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
775:French cuisine
772:
762:
755:
754:
740:
726:
710:
707:
705:is a partner.
700:publicly owned
663:
660:
639:
636:
598:
595:
570:
567:
559:Wine of Origin
503:While Spain's
473:
470:
447:
446:European Union
444:
436:
433:
432:
431:
408:
407:
383:
382:
374:
373:
358:
357:
331:
330:
305:
304:Other products
302:
289:
286:
254:
251:
249:
246:
233:Côtes du Rhône
179:
176:
112:
109:
101:European Union
97:European Union
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1895:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1878:Trademark law
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1804:
1802:
1798:
1787:
1783:
1780:
1776:
1773:
1769:
1766:
1762:
1759:
1755:
1752:
1748:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1736:
1734:
1730:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1705:
1703:
1699:
1692:
1688:
1685:
1681:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1647:
1643:
1642:
1640:
1636:
1633:
1629:
1622:
1618:
1615:
1612:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1593:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1537:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1483:
1480:
1476:
1475:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1458:
1453:
1451:
1446:
1444:
1439:
1438:
1435:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1420:
1419:
1409:
1407:0-06-621282-0
1403:
1398:
1397:
1390:
1389:
1369:
1365:
1359:
1357:
1348:
1335:
1327:
1323:
1316:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1293:
1291:
1274:
1270:
1269:winetrail.com
1266:
1260:
1244:
1240:
1233:
1218:
1217:
1209:
1203:
1188:
1184:
1178:
1171:
1163:
1155:
1151:
1145:
1138:
1132:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1101:
1093:
1091:0-7566-1520-8
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1069:
1067:
1051:
1047:
1041:
1025:
1021:
1015:
1000:
994:
990:
989:
981:
966:
962:
956:
941:
935:
931:
927:
920:
912:
905:
894:
887:
880:
864:
860:
854:
839:
835:
828:
824:
815:
812:
810:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
770:
766:
763:
760:
757:
756:
752:
751:France portal
741:
738:
732:
727:
724:
718:
713:
706:
704:
701:
697:
692:
691:certification
688:
683:
681:
677:
673:
668:
659:
658:regulate it.
657:
653:
649:
645:
635:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
612:
608:
604:
597:United States
594:
592:
588:
587:
582:
576:
566:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
501:
499:
496:standard for
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
469:
466:
464:
459:
457:
453:
442:
429:
428:Rhum agricole
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
384:
380:
376:
375:
371:
367:
363:
360:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
338:
333:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
307:
301:
299:
295:
285:
281:
279:
278:
271:
268:
259:
245:
243:
242:
236:
234:
230:
226:
222:
219:
215:
211:
206:
204:
200:
199:parliamentary
196:
189:
184:
175:
173:
169:
163:
159:
155:
153:
149:
144:
142:
141:
136:
135:
130:
126:
122:
118:
108:
106:
102:
98:
93:
91:
87:
66:
58:
57:
48:
47:
41:
37:
33:
19:
1853:Appellations
1519:
1428:INAO website
1395:
1372:. Retrieved
1368:the original
1334:cite journal
1315:
1306:
1302:
1277:. Retrieved
1273:the original
1268:
1259:
1247:. Retrieved
1242:
1232:
1220:. Retrieved
1214:
1202:
1190:. Retrieved
1186:
1177:
1162:
1154:inao.gouv.fr
1153:
1144:
1136:
1131:
1119:. Retrieved
1115:the original
1111:France Today
1110:
1100:
1077:
1053:. Retrieved
1049:
1040:
1028:. Retrieved
1023:
1014:
1002:. Retrieved
987:
980:
968:. Retrieved
964:
955:
943:. Retrieved
929:
919:
910:
904:
893:the original
879:
867:. Retrieved
865:. 4 May 2021
862:
853:
841:. Retrieved
837:
827:
695:
684:
669:
665:
641:
600:
590:
584:
580:
578:
555:South Africa
537:
511:in 1925 and
502:
475:
467:
462:
460:
449:
346:Hautes-Alpes
335:
291:
282:
275:
272:
264:
239:
237:
223:, a trained
214:Joseph Capus
209:
207:
192:
172:Cabardès AOC
164:
160:
156:
145:
138:
132:
114:
94:
89:
85:
55:
54:
52:
44:
36:
1786:PDO/PGI/TSG
1732:Other foods
1603:Switzerland
1245:(in French)
1243:euractiv.fr
1167:(in French)
1026:(in French)
759:Appellation
737:Food portal
723:Wine portal
569:Switzerland
563:Switzerland
529:Vin de Pays
441:Appellation
400:Deux-Sèvres
277:Premier Cru
1827:Categories
1777:Portugal (
1644:Bulgaria (
1386:References
1222:17 October
838:Allrecipes
687:trademarks
620:Pinot noir
616:California
425:Martinique
298:40 cheeses
1873:Standards
1756:Ireland (
1689:Uruguay (
1610:(AOC, IP)
1586:Singapore
1566:Indonesia
1534:Germany (
1477:Austria (
1249:28 August
1192:28 August
1055:29 August
1030:29 August
1004:12 August
970:29 August
945:12 August
869:29 August
843:28 August
535:systems.
411:Spirits:
294:Roquefort
292:In 1925,
216:. In the
188:Espelette
1863:Food law
1800:Treaties
1770:Mexico (
1749:France (
1651:France (
1576:Portugal
1518:France (
1492:Cambodia
1484:Canada (
1309:(1): 49.
1121:25 March
1076:(2005).
709:See also
628:Cabernet
539:Portugal
417:Calvados
413:Armagnac
388:Charente
356:regions.
354:Vaucluse
49:in Paris
1779:PDO/PGI
1763:Italy (
1758:PDO/PGI
1667:Italy (
1663:Georgia
1608:Tunisia
1581:Romania
1541:Italy (
1530:Georgia
1503:, PGI,
1326:1000467
1187:AOP IGP
814:Terroir
769:Italian
652:Ontario
547:Austria
517:Germany
379:Corsica
362:Lentils
178:History
140:terroir
129:butters
125:cheeses
90:terroir
73:
1718:Greece
1701:Cheese
1571:Mexico
1404:
1374:9 June
1324:
1279:9 June
1088:
995:
936:
761:(wine)
644:Canada
638:Canada
624:Oregon
561:, and
513:Sherry
421:Cognac
404:Vendée
396:Vienne
311:Bresse
288:Cheese
225:lawyer
1812:TRIPS
1723:Italy
1598:Spain
1561:India
1555:De.CO
1509:QWpsr
1211:(PDF)
896:(PDF)
889:(PDF)
820:Notes
630:from
622:from
509:Rioja
482:Italy
463:wines
364:from
350:Drôme
323:Somme
265:Over
121:wines
1669:DOCG
1657:VDQS
1646:GCAO
1638:Wine
1524:VDQS
1402:ISBN
1376:2011
1347:help
1322:SSRN
1281:2011
1251:2022
1224:2021
1216:INAO
1194:2022
1123:2012
1086:ISBN
1057:2022
1032:2022
1024:INAO
1006:2015
993:ISBN
972:2022
947:2015
934:ISBN
871:2022
845:2022
654:and
488:and
423:and
402:and
352:and
253:Wine
119:for
70:lit.
1765:PDO
1744:TSG
1740:PDO
1691:VCP
1684:AVA
1677:IGT
1673:DOC
1653:AOC
1621:AVA
1551:PAT
1547:IGT
1543:DOC
1536:QBA
1520:AOC
1505:TSG
1501:PDO
1486:VQA
1479:DAC
771:law
642:In
609:'s
557:'s
549:'s
541:'s
531:or
519:'s
484:'s
103:'s
86:AOC
1829::
1772:DO
1675:,
1671:,
1655:,
1592:WO
1553:,
1549:,
1545:,
1522:,
1513:TW
1511:,
1507:,
1355:^
1338::
1336:}}
1332:{{
1305:.
1301:.
1289:^
1267:.
1241:.
1213:.
1185:.
1152:.
1109:.
1080:.
1065:^
1048:.
1022:.
963:.
928:.
861:.
836:.
682:.
553:,
545:,
494:EU
419:,
415:,
398:,
394:,
390:,
348:,
344:,
127:,
123:,
84:;
68:,
1788:)
1781:)
1774:)
1767:)
1760:)
1753:)
1746:)
1742:/
1693:)
1686:)
1679:)
1659:)
1648:)
1623:)
1594:)
1557:)
1538:)
1526:)
1515:)
1499:(
1488:)
1481:)
1456:e
1449:t
1442:v
1410:.
1378:.
1349:)
1345:(
1328:.
1307:7
1283:.
1253:.
1226:.
1196:.
1172:.
1156:.
1125:.
1094:.
1059:.
1034:.
1008:.
974:.
949:.
873:.
847:.
372:.
329:.
313:(
82:'
76:'
59:(
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
