1006:, secinfo.com, October 14, 2003. On June 2, 2003, the PKN ticker symbol was briefly taken over by a small foreign issue, PetroKazakhstan Inc., which changed from HHL to PKN. On October 14, 2003, PetroKazakhstan Inc. filed with the SEC that it would again change its ticker symbol, to PKZ effective October 16, 2003, listed on the LSE, TSX and the NYSE exchanges, in London, Toronto and New York. PetroKazakhstan Inc. was subsequently acquired by a private company on October 26, 2005.
511:-based genetic analysis system, cost US$ 300,000 each, but was a major leap beyond its predecessor, the 377, and was fully automated, allowing genetic decoding to run around the clock with little supervision. According to Venter, the machine was so revolutionary that it could decode in a single day the same amount of genetic material that most DNA labs could produce in a year.
427:, Ph.D., had been the founder, chairman, and CEO of PerSeptive, and after the acquisition he became a senior vice president and chief business officer of Perkin-Elmer. He had earlier founded and co-built several successful life science and technology startup companies through the 1990s, after earning his Ph.D. in
593:
At year end 1999, after the major divestment that year of the former
Analytical Instruments Division, the new PE Corporation assets totalled over US$ 1.5 billion, split between the two Life Sciences groups. Of that, PE Biosystems Group, with 3,500 employees had net revenues of over US$ 1.2 billion.
559:
began trading PE Corporation options for the two new stocks that day. Michael W. Hunkapiller remained as senior vice president of PE Corporation, and as president of PE Biosystems. Afeyan initiated and oversaw the creation of the tracking stock for Celera
Genomics Group. Then later in 1999 Afeyan
514:
The partnership sold hundreds of the 3700 analyzers to Celera, and also to others worldwide. The public consortium also bought one of the
Applied Biosytems 3700 sequencers, and had plans to buy 200 more. The machine proved to be so fast that by late March 1999 the consortium announced that it had
467:
by 2001, at a cost of only US$ 200 million, about 1/10 of the consortium projected cost of US$ 3 billion. However, it would mean starting from scratch, eight years already into the consortium's program. It was a bold prediction, given that the consortium target date set by Watson back in 1990 had
689:
The database itself, Celera
Discovery System (CDS), would remain with Celera, because of shareholder approval complications. Celera would retain responsibility for its maintenance and support to existing customers, and would receive royalties from Applied Biosystems. The database revenues were
462:
While planning the next new generation of machines, PE Biosystems' president, Michael W. Hunkapiller, calculated that it would be possible for their own private industry to decode the human genome before the academic consortium could complete it. The company would decode all of the 3.5 billion
488:
In May 1998, the company's newly formed unit to accomplish the task, Celera
Genomics Group, in Rockville, Maryland, was created to become the definitive source of genomic and related medical information with the goal of sequencing the human genome by the year 2001. Celera became the primary
681:
On April 22, 2002, the Celera
Genomics Group announced its decision to abandon what had been its core business since its 1998 inception, and to shift the role of marketing data from its genetic database over to its sister company, the Applied Biosystems Group. Celera would instead develop
574:
On May 6, 1999, the reorganization was made effective, as the Perkin-Elmer
Corporation was merged into a temporarily created subsidiary of PE Corporation, a new Delaware corporation. The recapitalization of the company resulted in issuance of the two new classes of common stock, called PE
663:
The combined
Applera then had 5,000 employees. PE/Applied Biosystems Group's net revenues rose to almost US$ 1.4 billion. Celera that year made milestone headlines when it announced that it had completed the sequencing and first assembly of the two largest genomes in history, that of the
471:
Also, it meant that
Hunkapiller's idea would require competing against his own customers, to all of whom Applied Biosystems sold its sequencing machines and their chemical reagents. However, he calculated that it would also mean doubling the market for that equipment.
582:
On May 28, 1999, as part of the recapitalization and reorganization, the company completed the sale of its traditional business unit, the
Analytical Instruments Division to EG&G Inc., along with the Perkin-Elmer name, for US$ 425 million. EG&G was based in
326:
exchange, as it became a division of Perkin-Elmer. Michael W. Hunkapiller, Ph.D., who had been Applied Biosystem's chairman, president and CEO since 1983, became a senior vice president of Perkin-Elmer, and president of the Applied and PE Biosystems Divisions.
283:
division had become centrally involved in highly publicized intense competition against the public consortium that was also working on the massive task. Consequently, Perkin-Elmer's people and companies became among the most famous players of the decade in
479:
to direct the project. Tony L. White, president of the Perkin-Elmer Corporation backed Hunkapiller on the venture. Perkin-Elmer's interest was driven largely by its monopoly, through the equipment of Applied Biosystems, of the market for automated
685:
Applied Biosystems was a better fit for the database, because Applied already had the huge sales force in place for the marketing of its instruments. Plans were to expand those sales and those of the database into an electronic commerce system.
179:
The Applera Corporation Directors oversaw the parent corporation along with the operations of both tracking stock groups, and consequently they had the responsibility of fairly balancing the interests of both groups of investors in each stock.
690:
expected to reach US$ 100 million for the June fiscal year end, which would be its first profitable year. But it had always faced the problem that its public competitor, the consortium project, provides free data from its own database.
303:, who founded the public consortium, forecast that the project could be completed in 15 years from its 1990 starting date, at a cost of US$ 3 billion. The HGP was a public consortium of eight university centers funded through the
587:, and made products for diverse industries including automotive, medical, aerospace and photography. On July 14, 1999, that new analytical instruments maker PerkinElmer cut 350 jobs, or 12%, in its cost reduction reorganization.
443:
In 1998, Perkin-Elmer formed the PE Biosystems division, by consolidating Applied Biosystems, PerSeptive Biosystems, Tropix and PE Informatics. Informatics was formed from the Perkin-Elmer combination of two other acquisitions,
147:
Inc. As part of the deal, it also sold the Perkin-Elmer name, because that most properly associated with that traditional line of products, and EG&G then became the new PerkinElmer. At that point the remaining Connecticut
142:
As the former Perkin-Elmer, Applera had a history dating back to 1931. But more precisely, its history dates from 1999, when Perkin-Elmer effectively split in half, and sold off its more traditional half of the business to
484:
machines. Venter boldly declared to the media that he would complete the genome decoding by 2001. That bold pronouncement prompted the academic consortium to accelerate their own deadline by a couple years, to 2003.
387:
In 1997, Perkin-Elmer revenues reached almost US$ 1.3 billion, of which PE Applied Biosystems was US$ 653 million. Acquisitions included GenScope, Inc., and Linkage Genetics, Inc., which combined with Zoogen to form
274:
In the early 1990s, Perkin-Elmer, which had been a maker of diverse electronic instruments and analytical and optical equipment, established strong ties with groups closely involved with the business of decoding the
353:(PCR) became accepted in court as reliable forensic evidence. In 1993, Perkin-Elmer had become the world's leading manufacturer of instruments and reagents for (PCR). It marketed PCR reagents kits in alliance with
567:
firm. J. Craig Venter remained as senior vice president of PE Corporation and also president of Celera Genomics Group. Tony L. White remained as PE Corporation's chairman, president and chief executive officer.
160:, and it retained that name in the first incarnation of its tracking stock. In 2000, the Applied Biosystems name was restored to the group, with the new stock ticker symbol ABI, and PE Corporation became
527:/A, to enter a reincorporation merger with a subsidiary of PE Corporation of Delaware. Shareholders of the New York corporation stock (NYSE:PKN) would receive shares in two new stocks instead.
696:
In 2004, the long-term Applied Biosystems president, Mike Hunkapiller, retired and Cathy Burzik, who had joined the Group in 2003, replaced him as president of Applied Biosystems Group.
678:
In January 2002, J. Craig Venter was pushed out of Celera, when it was decided that the group would make pharmaceuticals instead. Venter lacked experience in pharmaceutical development.
530:
On April 27, 1999, the shareholders of Perkin-Elmer Corporation approved the reorganization of Perkin-Elmer into a pure-play life science company, resulting in the name change to
271:
The original Perkin-Elmer, and then its successor PE Corporation and Applera Corporation have been headquartered in Norwalk, Connecticut. The company address is at 50 Danbury Rd.
330:
In 1994, Perkin-Elmer reported net revenues of over $ 1 billion, of which Life Sciences accounted for 42% of the business. The company has 5,954 employees. The new competitive
341:
In 1995, Perkin-Elmer sold its 30,000th thermal cycler. To meet Human Genome Project goals, Perkin-Elmer developed mapping kits with markers every 10 million bases along each
653:, and changed its ticker symbol from PEB to ABI. Both name changes became effective November 30, 2000. Also that date, the parent corporation web site address changed from
871:
671:
In 2001, the Applied Biosystems division of Applera reached revenues of US$ 1.6 billion, and developed a new workstation instrument specifically for the new field of
1113:
1098:
1108:
575:
Corporation-PE Biosystems Group Common Stock and PE Corporation-Celera Genomics Group Common Stock. On that date, trading began in both new stocks on the
380:
Inc. became president and chief executive officer of Perkin-Elmer and reorganized it into two separate operating divisions, Analytical Instruments and
675:, which had become Celera's new core business focus, as it shifted away from gene discovery. The instrument analyzed 1,000 protein samples per hour.
334:
industry had formed for the development of new pharmaceuticals, based on the work of the Human Genome Project. The Applied Biosystems Division made
1093:
489:
commercial competitor to the government-funded effort of the Human Genome Project. Venter became president and chief scientific officer of Celera.
705:
601:
was peaking. Celera Genomics (CRA) and PE Biosystems (PEB) were among five genetics pioneers leading at that time, along with Incyte Genomics (
1118:
1088:
682:
pharmaceutical drugs. Applera CEO Tony L. White had noted earlier that the database business would distract from pharmaceutical development.
1032:
987:
468:
been the forward year of 2005, only seven years away, and with the consortium already half the way to the completion target date by then.
1103:
734:
790:
769:
954:
633:). All five of those stocks by then had exceeded a price above $ 100 a share in the market, before ultimately crashing back down.
571:
Other officers who remained in PE Corporation included William B. Sawch, as senior vice president, general counsel and secretary.
1066:
757:
927:
496:(TIGR), which had developed a "random shotgun" approach to DNA decoding, making it the most prolific genome lab in the world.
534:
and the de-listing of the PKN stock. Each share of the Perkin-Elmer New York (PKN) was to be exchanged for one share and for
432:
239:
Georges C. St. Laurent, Jr., director since 1996, principal of St. Laurent Properties and former CEO of Western Bank (Oregon)
854:
392:, focused on genetic analysis services for plant and animal breeding. Partnerships were begun with Hyseq, Inc., on the new
292:. In the process, Perkin-Elmer divided and transformed itself into Applera, a company entirely focused in life sciences.
493:
216:
384:. The PE Applied Biosystems division accounted for half of Perkin-Elmer's total revenue, with net revenues up by 26%.
1051:
823:
99:
Corporation. Applera was not publicly traded, but instead it consisted of two major groups which are publicly traded
515:
revised its timeline, and would release by the Spring of 2000 a "first draft sequence" for 80% of the human genome.
555:
On April 28, 1999, the two replacement tracking stocks for the new PE Corporation were issued to shareholders. The
590:
On June 17, 1999, the board of PE Corporation announced a two-for-one split of PE Biosystems Group Common Stock.
544:
of a share respectively of the two new common share tracking stocks for the two component Life Sciences groups,
874:, PE Corporation, 1999 Annual Report, Accession Number: 0001086144-99-000067, Period of Report: June 30, 1999
308:
95:
companies based in the United States. It was the successor company to what was the Life Sciences Division of
654:
906:
658:
622:
985:
How can we enable new exploration? a letter from michael hunkapiller, ph.d., president, PE Biosystems
350:
304:
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of London. The government-backed project targeted completion of human DNA mapping by the year 2005.
584:
1029:
984:
665:
576:
428:
397:
194:
120:
556:
246:
135:. In 2006, the company spun off the Celera Genomics group and changed its name from Applera to
610:
445:
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401:
225:
205:
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instrument was the ABI PRISM 3700 DNA Analyzer, which it had developed in conjunction with
377:
296:
185:
84:
67:
8:
693:
In 2002, Applied Biosystems Group again posted revenues of US$ 1.6 billion for the year.
499:
At year end 1998, the PE Biosystems Group's sales reached US$ 940 million. Its chief new
132:
346:
319:
212:
136:
114:
56:
1063:
972:, secinfo.com Filed On 3/19/99, SEC File 333-67797, Accession Number 1047469-99-10576
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289:
259:
200:
924:
760:
SECDatabase, Accession Number: 0001110538-00-000004, Filing Date: November 28, 2000
354:
242:
772:, SECDatabase, PE Corporation Annual Report - PDF, Filing Date: September 28, 1999
523:
On March 19, 1999, Perkin-Elmer Corporation, as a New York corporation, filed SEC
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126:
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100:
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955:
PE Biosystems Chosen to Supply DNA Sequencers to Public Human Genome Project.
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149:
92:
1020:
Notes to summary of financial statements, PE Corporation 1999 Annual Report
561:
276:
252:
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88:
37:
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What is the logic of biology? a letter from tony white to our shareholders
420:
295:
Beginning in 1990, the U.S. government approved financing to support the
152:
company issued its two tracking stocks, and also changed its own name to
1003:
969:
655:
https://web.archive.org/web/20070929001200/http://www.pecorporation.com/
184:
Joseph F. Abely, Jr., director since 1984, retired chairman and CEO of
957:, Encyclopedia.com, From: Business Wire, press release, Date: 4/29/1999
824:
READING THE BOOK OF LIFE, Double Landmarks for Watson: Helix and Genome
672:
342:
108:
104:
1073:, Businessweek Online, By David Shook in New York, JUNE 12, 2000 ISSUE
251:
Theodore E. Martin, director since 1999, retired president and CEO of
659:
https://web.archive.org/web/20070822133148/http://www.applera.com:80/
448:
and Nelson Analytical Systems, with existing units of Perkin-Elmer.
642:
524:
500:
393:
331:
199:
Richard H. Ayers, director since 1988, retired chairman and CEO of
404:, Inc. on genetic data management and analysis automated systems.
144:
826:, The New York Times on the Web, By NICHOLAS WADE, June 27, 2000
156:. The Applied Biosystems group had earlier already been renamed
626:
614:
602:
412:
361:
323:
793:, New York Times, By ANDREW POLLACK, Published: April 22, 2002
456:
649:. At the same time, PE Biosystems Group changed its name to
419:), a leader in the bio-instrumentation field where it made
338:
and automated sequencers for these new genomics companies.
322:, Inc., and that stock's symbol ABIO ceased trading on the
193:, Ph.D., director since 1985, Philip Caldwell Professor at
258:
James R. Tobin, director since 1999, president and CEO of
464:
645:
to report its announcement of the change of its name to
925:
Practitioners, NOUBAR B. AFEYAN, Ph.D., Senior Lecturer
492:
At the time, Venter operated his own independent lab,
318:
In 1993, Perkin-Elmer acquired a key equipment maker,
233:, director since 1995, chairman, president and CEO of
560:
left, to co-found Flagship Ventures, an early-stage
1004:
SEC Info - Petrokazakhstan Inc - 6-K - For 10/14/03
245:, Ph.D., director since 1999, president and CEO of
1064:The Slow, Painful Path to Payday in Genomic Stocks
55:Spun off Celera Genomics in 2006, name changed to
1052:COMPANY NEWS; PERKIN-ELMER CUTS 12% OF WORK FORCE
855:Human genome race tweaked by Celera's stock offer
805:Standard & Poor's Stock Guide, various issues
371:
1080:
1039:, PE Corporation, 1999 Annual Report, CEO letter
950:
948:
946:
944:
942:
940:
211:Carolyn W. Slayman, Ph.D., director since 1994,
1016:
1014:
1012:
706:List of companies based in Norwalk, Connecticut
641:On November 28, 2000, PE Corporation filed SEC
396:technology, and also with Tecan U.S., Inc., on
208:, director since 1993, CEO of Pierre Fabre S.A.
1114:Biotechnology companies disestablished in 2006
980:
978:
902:
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819:
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164:, a combination of its two components' names,
937:
898:
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107:industrial sector. These two groups were the
1099:Biotechnology companies of the United States
1047:
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1009:
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451:By 1998, Perkin-Elmer had a presence on the
1109:Biotechnology companies established in 1999
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423:purification systems for protein analysis.
224:, director since 1995, chairman and CEO of
91:list, was one of the largest international
1054:, New York Times, Published: July 15, 1999
877:
770:Directors and Officers, Board of Directors
597:By June 2000, the genomics segment of the
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368:company, for its life sciences division.
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1094:Companies based in Norwalk, Connecticut
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918:
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1119:2006 disestablishments in Connecticut
1089:Holding companies established in 1999
829:
433:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
174:
994:, PE Corporation, 1999 Annual Report
740:
279:. By the late 1990s, Perkin-Elmer's
911:
791:Sequencer of Genome to Change Focus
13:
1104:1999 establishments in Connecticut
494:The Institute for Genomic Research
400:automation systems, and also with
217:Yale University School of Medicine
14:
1130:
518:
376:Also In 1996, Tony L. White from
737:sec.gov Filing Date: 11/28/2000
407:In 1998, Perkin-Elmer acquired
360:In 1996, Perkin-Elmer acquired
463:chemical letters in the human
372:PE Applied Biosystems Division
1:
934:, MIT Entrepreneurship Center
711:
309:National Institutes of Health
16:American Fortune 1000 company
857:, Forbes.com, April 29, 1999
7:
990:September 28, 2007, at the
970:Applera Corp SEC Form S-4/A
907:Applied Biosystems Timeline
699:
457:http://www.perkin-elmer.com
288:and in that segment of the
10:
1135:
1035:September 7, 2009, at the
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623:Millennium Pharmaceuticals
266:
36:Life Sciences Division of
758:APPLERA CORP Form:8-K PDF
351:polymerase chain reaction
305:U.S. Department of Energy
62:
51:
43:
32:
24:
651:Applied Biosystems Group
585:Wellesley, Massachusetts
1069:August 7, 2007, at the
579:, to great excitement.
577:New York Stock Exchange
475:Hunkapiller brought in
429:biochemical engineering
398:combinatorial chemistry
195:Harvard Business School
121:Foster City, California
557:Pacific Stock Exchange
439:PE Biosystems Division
247:Rockefeller University
87:, at #874 on the 2007
930:June 4, 2007, at the
735:APPLERA CORP Form:8-K
611:Human Genome Sciences
550:Celera Genomics Group
446:Molecular Informatics
409:PerSeptive Biosystems
402:Molecular Informatics
382:PE Applied Biosystems
226:Engelhard Corporation
668:, and of the human.
507:The new machine, an
378:Baxter International
297:Human Genome Project
186:Sea-Land Corporation
85:Norwalk, Connecticut
68:Norwalk, Connecticut
647:Applera Corporation
546:PE Biosystems Group
235:Applera Corporation
215:and deputy dean of
133:Rockville, Maryland
81:Applera Corporation
21:
20:Applera Corporation
872:Corporate Officers
347:DNA fingerprinting
345:. Also that year,
320:Applied Biosystems
213:Sterling Professor
206:Jean-Luc BĂ©lingard
175:Board of directors
137:Applied Biosystems
115:Applied Biosystems
57:Applied Biosystems
19:
599:technology bubble
366:chemiluminescence
290:technology bubble
260:Boston Scientific
201:The Stanley Works
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562:entrepreneurial
548:(NYSE:PEB) and
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509:electrophoresis
477:J. Craig Venter
441:
374:
336:thermal cyclers
301:James D. Watson
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191:Robert H. Hayes
177:
127:Celera Genomics
101:tracking stocks
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532:PE Corporation
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482:DNA sequencing
453:World Wide Web
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313:Wellcome Trust
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552:(NYSE:CRA).
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