Apprenticeship - Knowledge

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to eligible businesses, apprentices and trainees, supporting the whole process as it underpins the future skills of Australian industry. Australia also has a fairly unusual safety net in place for businesses and Australian Apprentices with its Group Training scheme. This is where businesses that are not able to employ the Australian Apprentice for the full period until they qualify, are able to lease or hire the Australian Apprentice from a Group Training Organisation. It is a safety net, because the Group Training Organisation is the employer and provides continuity of employment and training for the Australian Apprentice.

821:– Inclusion of services, agriculture and mining sector – Cost sharing by Industry and Government – Regulating and formalizing Informal Apprenticeships – Mainstream Apprenticeship Qualifications with National Vocational Qualifications Framework (Pakistan NVQF) – Increased participation of Female – Training Cost reimbursement (for those industries training more apprentices than the required) – Assessment and Certification of apprentices jointly by Industry – Chamber of Commerce & Industry – Government – Apprenticeship Management Committee (having representation of 40% employers, 20% workers and 40% government officials) 56: 1056:

university of smiths, the university of tailors, etc., are expressions which we commonly meet with in the old charters of ancient towns As to have wrought seven years under a master properly qualified was necessary in order to entitle any person to become a master, and to have himself apprenticed in a common trade; so to have studied seven years under a master properly qualified was necessary to entitle him to become a master, teacher, or doctor (words anciently synonymous) in the liberal arts, and to have scholars or apprentices (words likewise originally synonymous) to study under him.

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young French people who had completed an apprenticeship entered employment. In France, the term apprenticeship often denotes manual labor but it also includes other jobs like secretary, manager, engineer, shop assistant... The plan aimed to raise the number of apprentices from 365,000 in 2005 to 500,000 in 2009. To achieve this aim, the government is, for example, granting tax relief for companies when they take on apprentices. (Since 1925 a tax has been levied to pay for apprenticeships.) The minister in charge of the campaign,

514: 3997: 932: 475: 919:. The second level is pre-master which is called, "kalfa" in Turkish. The mastery level is called as "usta" and is the highest level of achievement. An 'usta' is eligible to take in and accept new 'ciraks' to train and bring them up. The training process usually starts when the small boy is of age 10–11 and becomes a full-grown master at the age of 20–25. Many years of hard work and disciplining under the authority of the master is the key to the young apprentice's education and learning process. 230: 38: 627:, which combines a practical education in a company and a theoretical one in a vocational school. The lessons in vocational school can either happen once or twice a week, or in whole week blocks. During their apprenticeship, apprentices can earn a salary, which gets higher every year, with the average apprentice earning 1,066€ before taxes. The average apprenticeship takes between 2 and 3.5 years. As of 2024, there are 327 officially recognized apprenticeship trades. 396: 146: 221:. Soldiers in the army were recruited as young as seven or eight years old, as they initially served as shield carriers for regular soldiers. After years of apprenticeship and military experience, the recruits were allowed to join the army as regular soldiers. With a combination of lifelong military experience and monetary incentives, a cohesive and well-disciplined military emerged in the Kingdom of Dahomey. 1980: 692:. An Apprenticeship Council is also in place. An apprenticeship provides on-the-job training with an employer. It usually alternates between off-the-job training in an education centre and on-the-job training at an employer's workplace. An apprenticeship generally lasts for 4 years, during which time there are 3 different periods in off-the-job training. This training phase takes place in an 937: 936: 933: 938: 417:

the previous year. Australian Government employer and employee incentives may be applicable, while State and Territory Governments may provide public funding support for the training element of the initiative. Australian Apprenticeships combine time at work with formal training and can be full-time, part-time or school-based.

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patterns, measurement, and other mathematics skills. They demonstrate full concept mastery before moving on to the next piece of clothing. Instead of formal testing for evaluation, articles of clothing must meet the quality standards before they can be sold and before the apprentice can begin a new design.

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Typically an apprenticeship can commence for individuals once they are aged 15 or 18 after finishing general education. Some apprenticeships have a recommend or required age of 18. There is formally no maximum age, however, for persons above 21 it is hard to find a company due to companies preferring

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The Apprenticeship Leave Certificate provides the apprentice with access to two different vocational careers. On the one hand, it is a prerequisite for the admission to the Master Craftsman Exam and for qualification tests, and on the other hand it gives access to higher education via the TVE-Exam or

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The distinction between the terms apprentices and trainees lies mainly around traditional trades and the time it takes to gain a qualification. The Australian government uses Australian Apprenticeships Centres to administer and facilitate Australian Apprenticeships so that funding can be disseminated

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In Liberia, tailor apprenticeships engage with more skilled tailors to learn the craft and the skills that may be taught in more traditional school settings. They learn from master tailors, which gives the apprentices a promised job once their training is completed. Apprentices must have a grasp on

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For Trades Apprentices (ITI-Passed/Fresher): DGE&T is also responsible for implementation of the Act in respect of Trade Apprentices in the Central Govt. Undertakings & Departments. This is done through six Regional Directorates of Apprenticeship Training located at Kolkata, Mumbai, Chennai,

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The Apprentices Act enacted in 1961 and was implemented effectively in 1962. Initially, the Act envisaged training of trade apprentices. The Act was amended in 1973 to include training of graduate and diploma engineers as "Graduate" & "Technician" Apprentices. The Act was further amended in 1986

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In India, the Apprentices Act was enacted in 1961. It regulates the programme of training of apprentices in the industry so as to conform to the syllabi, period of training etc. as laid down by the Central Apprenticeship Council and to utilise fully the facilities available in industry for imparting

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are those organized and managed in cooperation between educational institutions and employers. They vary in terms of governance, some being more employer lead and others more educational institution lead, but they are always associated with a curriculum and are designed as a mean for students to put

885:, are educated in lengths of 3 and 4 years. In this case, an Electrician with 4 years apprenticeship gets more theoretical background than one with 3 years apprenticeship. Some languages have different names for a craft depending on the length of the apprenticeship; this can be lost in translation. 575:

announced the introduction of a law on a programme for social cohesion comprising the three pillars of employment, housing and equal opportunities. The French government pledged to further develop apprenticeship as a path to success at school and to employment, based on its success: in 2005, 80% of

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In Canada, apprenticeships tend to be formalized for craft trades and technician level qualifications. At the completion of the provincial exam, they may write the Provincial Standard exam. British Columbia is one province that uses these exams as the provincial exam. This means a qualification for

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Australian apprentice and traineeship services are dedicated to promoting retention, therefore much effort is made to match applicants with the right apprenticeship or traineeship. This is done with the aid of aptitude tests, tips, and information on 'how to retain an apprentice or apprenticeship'.

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Seven years seem anciently to have been, all over Europe, the usual term established for the duration of apprenticeships in the greater part of incorporated trades. All such incorporations were anciently called universities, which indeed is the proper Latin name for any incorporation whatever. The

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The training period varies for different trades ranging from 1–4 years. As of 2015, more than 30,000 apprentices are being trained in 2,751 industries in 276 trades across Pakistan. This figure constitutes less than 10% of institution based Vocational Training i.e. more than 350 thousand annually.

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In Pakistan, the Apprenticeship Training is implemented under a National Apprenticeship Ordinance 1962 and Apprenticeship Rules 1966. It regulates apprenticeship programs in industry and a TVET institute for theoretical instructions. It is obligatory for industry having fifty or more workers in an

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In the Czech Republic, the term "vocational school" (učiliště) can refer to the two, three or four years of secondary practical education. Apprenticeship Training is implemented under Education Act (školský zákon). Apprentices spend about 30–60% of their time in companies (sociální partneři školy)

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The five most popular trades are: Retail Salesperson (5,000 people complete this apprenticeship per year), Clerk (3,500 / year), Car Mechanic (2,000 / year), Hairdresser (1,700 / year), Cook (1,600 / year). There are many smaller trades with small numbers of apprentices, e.g. "EDV-Systemtechniker"

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Australian Apprenticeships encompass all apprenticeships and traineeships. They cover all industry sectors in Australia and are used to achieve both 'entry-level' and career 'upskilling' objectives. There were 475,000 Australian Apprentices in-training as at 31 March 2012, an increase of 2.4% from

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and often some accompanying study (classroom work and reading). Apprenticeships can also enable practitioners to gain a license to practice in a regulated occupation. Most of their training is done while working for an employer who helps the apprentices learn their trade or profession, in exchange

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are those organized and managed by employers, without any involvement from educational institutions. They happen dissociated from any educational curricula, which means that, usually, the apprentices are not involved in any educational programme at the same time but, even if they are, there is no

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The person responsible for overseeing the training inside the company is called "Lehrherr" or "Ausbilder". An Ausbilder must prove that he has the professional qualifications needed to educate another person, has no criminal record and is an otherwise-respectable person. The law states that "the

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In addition to a safety net, Group Training Organisations (GTO) have other benefits such as additional support for both the Host employer and the trainee/apprentice through an industry consultant who visits regularly to make sure that the trainee/apprentice are fulfilling their work and training

939: 553:, CFAs) appeared in 1961, and in 1971 apprenticeships were legally made part of professional training. In 1986 the age limit for beginning an apprenticeship was raised from 20 to 25. From 1987 the range of qualifications achievable through an apprenticeship was widened to include the 444:

needed to enter university. WIFI company-based training of apprentices is complemented by compulsory attendance of a part-time vocational school for apprentices (Berufsschule). It lasts two to four years – the duration varies among the 250 legally recognized apprenticeship trades.

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as well as manual apprenticeship from as early as 14 years of age. From this age, students are allowed to quit the compulsory school system in order to quickly learn a vocation. This measure has long been a policy of conservative French political parties, and was met by

85:" or professional certification level of competence. In other cases, they can be offered a permanent job at the company that provided the placement. Although the formal boundaries and terminology of the apprentice/journeyman/master system often do not extend outside 1213: 483:

the province will satisfy the whole country. The inter-provincial exam questions are agreed upon by all provinces of the time. At the time there were only four provinces, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Upper Canada (now Ontario), and Lower Canada (now Quebec).

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obligations with their Host employer. There is the additional benefit of the trainee/apprentice being employed by the GTO reducing the Payroll/Superannuation and other legislative requirements on the Host employer who pays as invoiced per agreement.

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apprenticeable trade to operate apprenticeship training in the industry. Entire cost of training is borne by industry including wages to apprentices. The provincial governments through Technical Education & Vocational Training Authorities (

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The first laws regarding apprenticeships were passed in 1851. From 1919, young people had to take 150 hours of theory and general lessons in their subject a year. This minimum training time rose to 360 hours a year in 1961, then 400 in 1986.

186:. Apprentices usually began at ten to fifteen years of age, and would live in the master craftsman's household. The contract between the craftsman, the apprentice and, generally, the apprentice's parents would often be governed by an 922:

In Turkey today there are many vocational schools that train children to gain skills to learn a new profession. The student after graduation looks for a job at the nearest local marketplace usually under the authority of a master.

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For Graduate, Technician (Polytechnic Diploma holder) and Technician (H.S Vocational-Passed) Apprentices: Department of Education in the Ministry of Human Resource Development is responsible for implementation of the through four

700:. After on-going assessments through on-the-job competence testing as well as off-the-job modular assessments and examinations, if passed successfully the apprentice is awarded an Advanced Certificate in craft (level 6 on the 165:

was entitled to employ young people as an inexpensive form of labour in exchange for providing food, lodging and formal training in the craft. Most apprentices were males, but female apprentices were found in crafts such as

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Hyderabad, Kanpur and Faridabad. While State Apprenticeship Advisers are responsible for implementation of the Act in respect of Trade Apprentices in State Government Undertakings/ Departments and Private Establishments.

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Apprenticeships with a length of 2 years are for persons with weaker school results. The certificate awarded after successfully completing a 2-year apprenticeship is called "Attestation de formation professionnelle"

580:, also hoped to improve the image of apprenticeships with an information campaign, as they are often connected with academic failure at school and an ability to grasp only practical skills and not theory. After the 1221: 994:

The number of American apprentices has increased from 375,000 in 2014 to 500,000 in 2016, while the federal government intends to see 750,000 by 2019, particularly by expanding the apprenticeship model to include

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Apprenticeship with a length of 3 or 4 years are the most common ones. The certificate awarded after successfully completing a 3 or 4-year apprenticeship is called "Certificat Fédérale de Capacité" (

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Each of the over 300 nationwide defined vocational profiles has defined framework – conditions as length of education, theoretical and practical learning goals and certification conditions.

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the Higher Education Entrance Exam which are prerequisites for taking up studies at colleges, universities, "Fachhochschulen", post-secondary courses and post-secondary colleges.

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and the rest in formal education. Depending on the profession, they may work for two to three days a week in the company and then spend two or three days at a vocational school.

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There is no global consensus on a single term for apprenticeship. Depending on the culture, country and sector, the same or similar definitions are used to describe the terms

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Apprenticeship lengths vary significantly across sectors, professions, roles and cultures. In some cases, people who successfully complete an apprenticeship can reach the "

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About 40 percent of all Austrian teenagers enter apprenticeship training upon completion of compulsory education (at age 15). This number has been stable since the 1950s.

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theory in practice and master knowledge in a way that empowers them with professional autonomy. Their main characteristics could be summarized into the following:

190:. Most apprentices aspired to becoming master craftsmen themselves on completion of their contract (usually a term of seven years), but some would spend time as a 3140: 1011:

The modern concept of an internship is similar to an apprenticeship but not as rigorous. Universities still use apprenticeship schemes in their production of

774:. Its purposes were and still remains to spur economic growth and stability, and sustainable livelihood by financing and investing in human resources through 1600: 1933: 1921: 1965:"Apprenticeship in the ‘golden age’: were youth transitions really smooth and unproblematic back then?", Sarah A.Vickerstaff, University of Kent, UK, 2003 1809:"U.S. quietly works to expand apprenticeships to fill white-collar jobs: With other countries' systems as a model, apprenticeships have started to expand" 715:

which work with education and training providers and other partners, oversee the development and roll-out of new apprenticeships. New apprenticeships in

1942: 2047: 1968:"The Higher Apprenticeship (HA) in Engineering Technology"; The Sector Skills Council for Science, Engineering and Manufacturing technologies, UK, 2008 1908: 649: 296: 290: 284: 278: 680:

In Ireland the apprenticeships are split into two main categories: "craft" and "new". The main craft trades and professions have been designated by

867:) in German and "Certificato federale di formazione pratica" (CFP) in Italian. It could be translated as "Attestation of professional formation". 839:

In Switzerland, after the end of compulsory schooling, two thirds of young people follow a vocational training. Ninety percent of them are in the

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Antrag auf Anerkennung als Lehrherr und Lehrbetrieb in der Landwritschaft; Land- und forstwirtschaftliche Fachausabildungsstelle Vorarlberg

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person wanting to educate a young apprentice must prove that he has an ethical way of living and the civic qualities of a good citizen".

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Normele metodologice de aplicare a Legii nr. 279/2005 privind ucenicia la locul de muncă, modificate și completate astăzi de Guvern

1622: 878:) in German and "Attestato federale di capacità" (AFC) in Italian. It could be translated as "Federal Certificate of Proficiency". 502: 1993: 3907: 1261: 3778: 3224: 2552: 2547: 2542: 2537: 2532: 2522: 2040: 440:

Apprenticeship training in Austria is organized in a school system with long-term training parts. So it is possible to get the

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New apprenticeships in other areas of industry were introduced from 2016, and can lead to an award between Levels 5–10 on the

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Agozino, Biko; Anyanike, Ike (1 November 2007). "IMU AHIA: Traditional Igbo Business School and Global Commerce Culture".

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Information and resources on potential apprenticeship and traineeship occupations are available in over sixty industries.

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Switzerland has an apprenticeship similarly to Germany and Austria. The educational system is ternar, which is basically

697: 487: 137:, which has developed many studies on the subject. Some non-European countries adapt European apprenticeship practices. 1361: 684:

and come within the scope of the Statutory Apprenticeship system, which is organised by SOLAS in co-operation with the

957:, dating back to around the 12th century. Apprenticeships flourished in the 14th century and were expanded during the 4020: 3195: 2983: 2951: 2033: 1887: 1864: 1284: 685: 4071: 4005: 2089: 984: 4015: 3095: 818:) has initiated to reform existing system of apprenticeship. Highlights of the modern apprenticeship system are: 640:

to bring within its purview the training of the 10+2 vocational stream as "Technician (Vocational)" Apprentices.

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and they continue to be in widespread use in all four nations, with hundreds of apprenticeships to choose from.

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Overall responsibility is with the Directorate General of Employment & Training (DGE&T) in the Union

594: 3957: 3130: 2186: 693: 93:, the concept of on-the-job training leading to competence over a period of years is found in any field of 3942: 3155: 2120: 988: 581: 31: 1962:"The social production of technical work: the case of British engineers" Peter Whalley, SUNY Press 1986. 1835: 762:

agreements between parties that ultimately facilitate burgeoning entrepreneurial communities within the

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In Turkey, apprenticeship has been part of the small business culture for centuries since the time of

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Canadian Inter-provincial 'Red Seal' certification (license number was replaced with the word 'CANOE')

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Towards a history of vocational education and training (VET) in Europe in a comparative perspective.

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Towards a history of vocational education and training (VET) in Europe in a comparative perspective

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Creating a ‘Modern Apprenticeship’: a critique of the UK's multi-sector, social inclusion approach

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There are three levels of apprenticeship. The first level is the apprentice, i.e., the "çırak" in

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Recently, Government of Pakistan through National Vocational & Technical Training Commission (

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for their continued labor for an agreed period after they have achieved measurable competencies.

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practical training with a view to meeting the requirements of skilled manpower for industry.

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In France, apprenticeships also developed between the ninth and thirteenth centuries, with

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with mandatory practical courses. The length of an apprenticeship can be 2, 3 or 4 years.

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European vocational training systems: the theoretical context of historical development.

1675: 696:(ETB) Training Centre while the subsequent off-the-job training phases take place in an 3836: 3800: 3664: 3553: 3533: 3406: 3370: 3257: 3239: 3170: 2811: 2671: 2651: 2606: 2507: 2492: 1990: 1896: 1895:, Paul Ryan and Lorna Unwin, University of Cambridge and University of Leicester, 2001 1733: 1069: 796: 350:

Employed for a minimum of 30 hours per week, 20% of learning hours must be off-the-job

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Apprenticeships can be divided into two main categories: Independent and Cooperative.

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is the preferred term of the European Commission and the one selected for use by the

1941:, Miranda E Pye, Keith C Pye, Dr Emma Wisby, Sector Skills Development Agency, 2004 1662:"Education and Training > Vocational education and training > Apprenticeships" 3917: 3706: 3674: 3634: 3629: 3426: 3416: 3234: 3065: 3022: 2995: 2990: 2849: 2816: 2806: 2656: 2584: 2388: 2326: 2306: 2291: 1717: 1579: 1446: 1048: 1032: 1012: 943: 916: 788: 539: 491: 469: 162: 154: 3977: 3912: 3721: 3691: 3679: 3543: 3441: 3308: 2646: 2413: 2216: 2191: 2181: 1997: 1856:

Wealth of Nations: An Inquiry Into the Nature and Causes of The Wealth of Nations

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has its own apprenticeship program, which may be the only route into jobs within

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Higher Vocational Education, Professional Higher Education, Higher Education

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Higher Vocational Education, Professional Higher Education, Higher Education

119:. The latter two terms may be preferred in the health sector. One example is 1608: 149:

A medieval baker with his apprentice. The Bodleian Library, Oxford, England.

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Cook with her apprentice, Euroinstitut vocational school, Czech Republic

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Apprenticeships in the UK- their design, development and implementation

1149: 1077: 1040: 1024: 1020: 535: 191: 175: 167: 111: 82: 1836:"As Trump Stifles Immigration, Expect Tech to Turn to Apprenticeships" 1447:"Bundesministerium für Bildung, Wissenschaft und Forschung: Aktuelles" 542:, continuing in this way until 1791, when the guilds were suppressed. 3982: 3902: 3716: 3401: 2760: 2661: 2621: 2591: 2512: 2348: 2311: 1954:

Learning on the Shop Floor: Historical Perspectives on Apprenticeship

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Apprenticeship systems in England and Germany: decline and survival.

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European Center for the Development of Vocational Training (CEDEFOP)

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Apprenticeship programs in the United States are regulated by the

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relation between the undergoing studies and the apprenticeship.

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is a system for training a new generation of practitioners of a

3570: 2918: 2562: 1979: 1375: 1016: 441: 171: 1300: 961:. In modern times, apprenticeships were formalised in 1964 by 3431: 2136: 1408:"MEGT Australia – Apprenticeships, Traineeships, Recruitment" 1362:"Applicant Tips: Retaining Your Apprenticeship / Traineeship" 1134: 792: 711:. Each apprenticeship programme lasts between 2 and 4 years. 531: 400: 179: 158: 86: 1991:

Facts about Germany: Apprenticeships, Federal Foreign Office

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The Culture of Acquisition and the Practice of Understanding

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who claimed Anatolia as their homeland in the 11th century.

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L’apprentissage a changé, c’est le moment d’y penser !

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Higher Vocational Education, Professional Higher Education

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and a significant proportion would never acquire their own

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Typology of Apprenticeships in Higher Vocational Education

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List of countries by rate of fatal workplace accidents

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Further education and skills: Apprenticeships – GOV.UK

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Cambridge St Edward Parish Church archives (KP28/14/2)

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Analogues at universities and professional development

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arrangements for new graduates in the professions of

1051:. In the "Wealth of Nations" Adam Smith states that: 1697:. Institute for Research Learning. pp. 310–326. 1301:"ApprenticeshipQ – Managing Apprenticeships Quality" 815: 153:

The system of apprenticeship first developed in the

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Cambridge University Library Archives (Luard 179/9)

390: 1833: 1676:"A central route to skills development in Ireland" 874:) in French, "Eidgenössisches Fähigkeitszeugnis" ( 650:Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship 2062:Professional Associations and Regulatory Colleges 807:TEVTA) enforce implementation of apprenticeship. 202:those completing seven-year apprenticeships with 30:"Apprentice" redirects here. For other uses, see 4053: 1660:Citizens Information Ireland (15 October 2020). 1027:recognises the achievement of the standard of a 213:Apprenticeship was adopted into military of the 2069:Canadian Council of Directors of Apprenticeship 1897:Apprenticeship in the British ‘Training Market’ 1893:Apprenticeship in the British "Training Market" 1777:How to choose the right apprenticeship training 1707: 665:located at Chennai, Kanpur, Kolkata and Mumbai. 595:tough opposition from trade unions and students 499:Canadian Council of Directors of Apprenticeship 1441: 1439: 897:younger ages due to the lower cost of labour. 644:Responsibility of implementing Apprentices Act 399:Students in a vocational training restaurant, 2152: 2041: 1515: 953:are devolved. It has a long tradition in the 863:) in French, "Eidgenössisches Berufsattest" ( 2055: 770:practiced widely by Igbos and originated in 549:The first training centres for apprentices ( 347:Placements from 30 to 40% of the curriculum 344:Short placements from few weeks to 6 months 341:Alternating theory & practice (50%–50%) 1749: 1747: 1436: 261:Institution and Employer shared Governance 224: 2159: 2145: 2048: 2034: 557:(certificate of vocational aptitude), the 100: 62:are often trained through apprenticeships. 3883:Comprehensive Employment and Training Act 1888:DfES, Modern Apprenticeships Consultation 1815:. Teachers College at Columbia University 891: 267:Institution led Governance (short cycle) 3727:Job losses caused by the Great Recession 2409:Simultaneous recruiting of new graduates 1806: 1744: 1390:"Home | Australian Apprenticeships" 1060:Also similar to apprenticeships are the 930: 604: 584:, the government, led by prime minister 564:(vocational baccalaureate diploma), the 512: 503:Employment and Social Development Canada 473: 394: 264:Institution led Governance (long cycle) 144: 54: 36: 3908:Credentialism and educational inflation 1884:Modern Apprenticeships: the way to work 1262:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 1259:Adrian Room, "Cash, John (1822–1880)", 835:Vocational education § Switzerland 14: 4054: 3779:List of countries by unemployment rate 1501:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 1279:. New York: Basic Books. p. 172. 1241: 991:, also known as the "Fitzgerald Act." 758:is a framework of formal and informal 623:Apprenticeships are part of Germany's 2140: 2029: 1852: 1775:Education and Skills Funding Agency, 1360:Team, The ApprenticeshipCentral Dev. 1335:"Australian Apprenticeships Homepage" 1274: 1214:"Apprenticeship indentures 1604–1697" 951:Apprenticeships in the United Kingdom 27:System for training new crafts-people 2677:Practice-based professional learning 1859:. London: W. Strahan and T. Cadell. 1807:Krupnick, Matt (27 September 2016). 1758:"La Suisse, pays de l’apprentissage" 1701: 1692: 1394:www.australianapprenticeships.gov.au 1115:Educational theory of apprenticeship 1031:. Another view of this system is of 709:National Framework of Qualifications 702:National Framework of Qualifications 129:for nurses – and western countries. 3225:Workers' right to access the toilet 1790:"UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR" 975:Apprenticeship in the United States 364:Institution- & work-integrated 361:Institution- & work-integrated 358:Institution- & work-integrated 307:Institution- & work-integrated 157:and came to be supervised by craft 24: 1877: 1235: 719:, finance and hospitality include 228: 25: 4083: 1972: 1834:Salvador Rodriguez (2017-04-11). 1313:Davy, N., Frakenberg, A. (2019). 1245:(2001). "The Early Middle Ages". 1023:before the corporate body of the 926: 663:Boards of Apprenticeship Training 508: 3996: 3995: 3289:Corporate collapses and scandals 2090:Certified engineering technician 1978: 1929:Wolf-Dietrich Greinert, 2002 in 1359: 985:National Industrial Recovery Act 968: 551:centres de formation d'apprentis 505:help to oversee the programmes. 391:Apprenticeship systems worldwide 1846: 1827: 1800: 1782: 1769: 1686: 1668: 1615: 1593: 1568: 1543: 1534: 1524: 1509: 1464: 1453:from the original on 2009-12-17 1418: 1400: 1382: 1368: 1265:, Oxford University Press, 2004 571:On January 18, 2005, President 534:structured around apprentices, 3789:Employment-to-population ratio 3161:Occupational health psychology 2166: 1353: 1327: 1307: 1293: 1268: 1253: 1206: 1188: 824: 566:brevet de technicien supérieur 13: 1: 3877:Works Progress Administration 3769:Unemployment Convention, 1919 3181:Personal protective equipment 2734:Occupational Outlook Handbook 1247:The Oxford History of Britain 1181: 1105:Apprenticeship in freemasonry 46: 3958:Psychopathy in the workplace 3131:Human factors and ergonomics 1035:in the role of apprentices, 694:Education and Training Board 411: 7: 3943:Narcissism in the workplace 3156:Occupational exposure limit 2121:Agreement on Internal Trade 2114:Legislation and regulations 1087: 989:National Apprenticeship Act 781: 248:Cooperative apprenticeships 241:Independent apprenticeships 233:Typology of Apprenticeships 32:Apprentice (disambiguation) 10: 4088: 3872:Civil Works Administration 3754:Technological unemployment 3230:Workplace health promotion 2687:Professional certification 2384:Personality–job fit theory 1779:, accessed 1 January 2021. 1555:www.make-it-in-germany.com 1196:"Apprenticeship indenture" 972: 828: 747: 743: 734: 673: 669: 616: 600: 497:Organisations such as the 467: 435: 140: 29: 3991: 3890: 3852:Guaranteed minimum income 3809: 3650: 3524: 3437:Organizational commitment 3389: 3281: 3248: 3111: 3036: 2913: 2840: 2774: 2561: 2483: 2427: 2277: 2174: 2113: 2105:Interprovincial standards 2082: 2074:Ontario College of Trades 2061: 1958:(Preview on Google books) 1722:10.1007/s10624-007-9023-8 1680:Generation Apprenticeship 1160:School-to-work transition 1019:under the oversight of a 900: 853: 619:Apprenticeship in Germany 590:First Employment Contract 525: 463: 4021:Aspects of organizations 3702:Involuntary unemployment 3263:Equal pay for equal work 3186:Repetitive strain injury 2692:Professional development 2682:Professional association 2364:Letter of recommendation 2056:Skilled Trades in Canada 1794:U.S. Department of Labor 1710:Dialectical Anthropology 1551:"Duale Berufsausbildung" 1062:professional development 997:white-collar occupations 831:Education in Switzerland 630: 582:civil unrest end of 2005 338:Balance theory/practice 270:Employer led Governance 225:Types of apprenticeships 206:were entitled to become 161:and town governments. A 4072:Beginners and newcomers 4006:Aspects of corporations 3968:Slow movement (culture) 3847:Employer of last resort 3749:Structural unemployment 3687:Frictional unemployment 3126:Epilepsy and employment 3013:Performance-related pay 2947:National average salary 2865:996 working hour system 1140:Guru-disciple tradition 946:video: case study; 2016 698:Institute of Technology 686:Department of Education 122:internships in medicine 101:Alternative terminology 4016:Aspects of occupations 3822:Unemployment insurance 3774:Unemployment extension 3744:Reserve army of labour 3549:Constructive dismissal 3356:Sleeping while on duty 3321:Exploitation of labour 3203:Sick building syndrome 2379:Person–environment fit 2249:Independent contractor 1916:Thomas Deissinger in: 1907:and Lorna Unwin, 2003 1324:. Retrieved 8 May 2019 1275:Harms, Robert (2002). 1058: 1001:information technology 947: 892:Age of the apprentices 756:Igbo apprentice system 750:Igbo apprentice system 614: 613:and apprentice in 2008 518: 479: 408: 234: 150: 63: 52: 4026:Aspects of workplaces 3764:Unemployment benefits 3759:Types of unemployment 3697:Graduate unemployment 3591:Letter of resignation 3220:Workers' compensation 3213:Occupational fatality 2722:Vocational university 2322:Employment counsellor 1125:Dual education system 1120:Experiential learning 1082:articles of clerkship 1074:management consulting 1053: 1037:post-doctoral fellows 959:Industrial Revolution 942: 881:Some crafts, such as 848:dual education system 841:dual education system 772:South-Eastern Nigeria 725:accounting technician 625:dual education system 608: 586:Dominique de Villepin 516: 477: 398: 355:Location of learning 232: 148: 58: 40: 3832:Job creation program 3608:Mandatory retirement 3561:Employee offboarding 3381:Workplace incivility 3376:Workplace harassment 3151:Occupational disease 3146:Occupational burnout 3061:Disability insurance 2905:Workweek and weekend 2712:Vocational education 2627:Continuing education 2465:Permanent employment 1987:at Wikimedia Commons 1853:Smith, Adam (1776). 1756:Catherine Dubouloz, 1611:on October 24, 2016. 1412:MEGT (Australia) Ltd 1175:Vocational education 1145:Indentured servitude 1100:Apprentices mobility 721:software development 611:master chimney sweep 555:brevet professionnel 3737:Recession-proof job 3732:Lists of recessions 3670:Economic depression 3618:Retirement planning 3499:Work–life interface 3336:Employee monitoring 3304:Corporate behaviour 3294:Accounting scandals 3176:Occupational stress 3166:Occupational injury 2702:Reflective practice 2697:Professional school 2419:Work-at-home scheme 2339:Induction programme 2317:Employment contract 2297:Business networking 1693:Lave, Jean (1988). 1516:STATISTIK AUSTRIA. 1341:on 29 December 2007 1155:Nonuniversal theory 1095:Apprenticeship levy 776:vocational training 713:Industry-led groups 255: 208:freemen of the city 125:for physicians and 75:on-the-job training 73:or profession with 45:and his apprentice 4000:See also templates 3837:Job creation index 3801:Youth unemployment 3665:Discouraged worker 3554:Wrongful dismissal 3534:At-will employment 3407:Civil conscription 3371:Workplace bullying 3258:Affirmative action 3240:Workplace wellness 3171:Occupational noise 2812:Long service leave 2672:Overspecialization 2652:Induction training 2607:Career development 1996:2015-01-08 at the 1320:2019-05-08 at the 1243:Morgan, Kenneth O. 948: 615: 519: 480: 409: 275:Education program 254: 235: 151: 64: 53: 4049: 4048: 3948:Post-work society 3928:Kiss up kick down 3660:Barriers to entry 3625:Severance package 3457:Human trafficking 3351:Sexual harassment 3331:Employee handbook 3250:Equal opportunity 3113:Safety and health 3103:Take-home vehicle 2717:Vocational school 2667:Lifelong learning 2642:Further education 2602:Career counseling 2597:Career assessment 2374:Overqualification 2134: 2133: 1983:Media related to 1576:"Apprentices Act" 1426:"WIFI Vorarlberg" 1202:. March 18, 1642. 1033:graduate students 963:act of parliament 940: 578:Jean-Louis Borloo 492:compulsory trades 388: 387: 16:(Redirected from 4079: 4036:Critique of work 4031:Corporate titles 3999: 3998: 3918:Evil corporation 3784:Employment rates 3707:Jobless recovery 3675:Great Depression 3635:Golden parachute 3630:Golden handshake 3427:Job satisfaction 3417:Critique of work 3235:Workplace phobia 3066:Health insurance 3023:Wage compression 2991:Progressive wage 2850:35-hour workweek 2817:No call, no show 2807:Leave of absence 2657:Knowledge worker 2585:Master craftsman 2389:Personality hire 2327:Executive search 2307:Curriculum vitae 2292:Background check 2161: 2154: 2147: 2138: 2137: 2050: 2043: 2036: 2027: 2026: 2009: 1982: 1871: 1870: 1850: 1844: 1843: 1831: 1825: 1824: 1822: 1820: 1813:Hechinger Report 1804: 1798: 1797: 1786: 1780: 1773: 1767: 1755: 1751: 1742: 1741: 1705: 1699: 1698: 1690: 1684: 1683: 1672: 1666: 1665: 1657: 1638: 1637: 1635: 1634: 1625:. 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Archived from 1210: 1204: 1203: 1192: 981:Smith–Hughes Act 944:Welsh Government 941: 688:, employers and 540:master craftsmen 486:In Canada, each 470:Red Seal Program 304:Type of program 256: 253: 163:master craftsman 155:Late Middle Ages 51: 48: 21: 4087: 4086: 4082: 4081: 4080: 4078: 4077: 4076: 4052: 4051: 4050: 4045: 4041:Organized labor 4011:Aspects of jobs 3987: 3978:Toxic workplace 3913:Emotional labor 3886: 3810:Public programs 3805: 3722:Great Recession 3692:Full employment 3680:Long Depression 3646: 3544:Banishment room 3520: 3442:Refusal of work 3385: 3309:Corporate crime 3277: 3244: 3107: 3032: 2909: 2836: 2770: 2647:Graduate school 2557: 2479: 2423: 2414:Underemployment 2273: 2217:Self-employment 2192:Contingent work 2182:Academic tenure 2175:Classifications 2170: 2165: 2135: 2130: 2109: 2078: 2057: 2054: 2007: 1998:Wayback Machine 1975: 1880: 1878:Further reading 1875: 1874: 1867: 1851: 1847: 1832: 1828: 1818: 1816: 1805: 1801: 1788: 1787: 1783: 1774: 1770: 1753: 1752: 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3985: 3980: 3975: 3970: 3965: 3963:Sunday scaries 3960: 3955: 3950: 3945: 3940: 3935: 3930: 3925: 3920: 3915: 3910: 3905: 3900: 3894: 3892: 3888: 3887: 3880: 3879: 3874: 3869: 3864: 3859: 3854: 3849: 3844: 3839: 3834: 3829: 3824: 3819: 3813: 3811: 3807: 3806: 3804: 3803: 3798: 3793: 3792: 3791: 3786: 3776: 3771: 3766: 3761: 3756: 3751: 3746: 3741: 3740: 3739: 3734: 3729: 3724: 3714: 3712:Phillips curve 3709: 3704: 3699: 3694: 3689: 3684: 3683: 3682: 3677: 3667: 3662: 3656: 3654: 3648: 3647: 3645: 3644: 3639: 3638: 3637: 3632: 3622: 3621: 3620: 3615: 3613:Retirement age 3610: 3600: 3595: 3594: 3593: 3583: 3578: 3573: 3568: 3566:Exit interview 3563: 3558: 3557: 3556: 3551: 3546: 3536: 3530: 3528: 3522: 3521: 3519: 3518: 3513: 3512: 3511: 3506: 3496: 3491: 3490: 3489: 3484: 3479: 3474: 3469: 3464: 3459: 3454: 3444: 3439: 3434: 3429: 3424: 3419: 3414: 3409: 3404: 3399: 3393: 3391: 3387: 3386: 3384: 3383: 3378: 3373: 3368: 3363: 3358: 3353: 3348: 3343: 3338: 3333: 3328: 3323: 3318: 3316:Discrimination 3313: 3312: 3311: 3306: 3301: 3296: 3285: 3283: 3279: 3278: 3276: 3275: 3270: 3268:Gender pay gap 3265: 3260: 3254: 3252: 3246: 3245: 3243: 3242: 3237: 3232: 3227: 3222: 3217: 3216: 3215: 3205: 3200: 3199: 3198: 3188: 3183: 3178: 3173: 3168: 3163: 3158: 3153: 3148: 3143: 3138: 3133: 3128: 3123: 3117: 3115: 3109: 3108: 3106: 3105: 3100: 3099: 3098: 3088: 3083: 3081:Parental leave 3078: 3076:Marriage leave 3073: 3071:Life insurance 3068: 3063: 3058: 3053: 3048: 3042: 3040: 3034: 3033: 3031: 3030: 3025: 3020: 3015: 3010: 3005: 3000: 2999: 2998: 2988: 2987: 2986: 2981: 2976: 2971: 2961: 2960: 2959: 2954: 2944: 2939: 2934: 2929: 2927:Income bracket 2923: 2921: 2911: 2910: 2908: 2907: 2902: 2897: 2892: 2887: 2882: 2877: 2872: 2867: 2862: 2860:Eight-hour day 2857: 2852: 2846: 2844: 2838: 2837: 2835: 2834: 2829: 2824: 2819: 2814: 2809: 2804: 2799: 2794: 2789: 2784: 2778: 2776: 2772: 2771: 2769: 2768: 2763: 2758: 2757: 2756: 2751: 2741: 2736: 2731: 2726: 2725: 2724: 2719: 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3408: 3405: 3403: 3400: 3398: 3395: 3394: 3392: 3388: 3382: 3379: 3377: 3374: 3372: 3369: 3367: 3366:Whistleblower 3364: 3362: 3359: 3357: 3354: 3352: 3349: 3347: 3344: 3342: 3339: 3337: 3334: 3332: 3329: 3327: 3324: 3322: 3319: 3317: 3314: 3310: 3307: 3305: 3302: 3300: 3299:Control fraud 3297: 3295: 3292: 3291: 3290: 3287: 3286: 3284: 3280: 3274: 3273:Glass ceiling 3271: 3269: 3266: 3264: 3261: 3259: 3256: 3255: 3253: 3251: 3247: 3241: 3238: 3236: 3233: 3231: 3228: 3226: 3223: 3221: 3218: 3214: 3211: 3210: 3209: 3208:Work accident 3206: 3204: 3201: 3197: 3196:United States 3194: 3193: 3192: 3189: 3187: 3184: 3182: 3179: 3177: 3174: 3172: 3169: 3167: 3164: 3162: 3159: 3157: 3154: 3152: 3149: 3147: 3144: 3142: 3139: 3137: 3134: 3132: 3129: 3127: 3124: 3122: 3119: 3118: 3116: 3114: 3110: 3104: 3101: 3097: 3096:United States 3094: 3093: 3092: 3089: 3087: 3084: 3082: 3079: 3077: 3074: 3072: 3069: 3067: 3064: 3062: 3059: 3057: 3054: 3052: 3051:Casual Friday 3049: 3047: 3044: 3043: 3041: 3039: 3035: 3029: 3026: 3024: 3021: 3019: 3016: 3014: 3011: 3009: 3008:Paid time off 3006: 3004: 3003:Overtime rate 3001: 2997: 2994: 2993: 2992: 2989: 2985: 2984:United States 2982: 2980: 2977: 2975: 2972: 2970: 2967: 2966: 2965: 2962: 2958: 2955: 2953: 2950: 2949: 2948: 2945: 2943: 2940: 2938: 2935: 2933: 2930: 2928: 2925: 2924: 2922: 2920: 2916: 2912: 2906: 2903: 2901: 2898: 2896: 2893: 2891: 2888: 2886: 2883: 2881: 2878: 2876: 2873: 2871: 2868: 2866: 2863: 2861: 2858: 2856: 2855:Four-day week 2853: 2851: 2848: 2847: 2845: 2843: 2839: 2833: 2830: 2828: 2825: 2823: 2820: 2818: 2815: 2813: 2810: 2808: 2805: 2803: 2800: 2798: 2795: 2793: 2790: 2788: 2785: 2783: 2780: 2779: 2777: 2773: 2767: 2764: 2762: 2759: 2755: 2752: 2750: 2747: 2746: 2745: 2742: 2740: 2739:Practice firm 2737: 2735: 2732: 2730: 2727: 2723: 2720: 2718: 2715: 2713: 2710: 2708: 2705: 2703: 2700: 2698: 2695: 2693: 2690: 2688: 2685: 2683: 2680: 2678: 2675: 2673: 2670: 2668: 2665: 2663: 2660: 2658: 2655: 2653: 2650: 2648: 2645: 2643: 2640: 2638: 2637:Employability 2635: 2633: 2630: 2628: 2625: 2624: 2623: 2620: 2618: 2615: 2613: 2610: 2608: 2605: 2603: 2600: 2598: 2595: 2593: 2590: 2586: 2583: 2582: 2581: 2578: 2576: 2573: 2572: 2570: 2568: 2564: 2560: 2554: 2551: 2549: 2546: 2544: 2541: 2539: 2538:Orange-collar 2536: 2534: 2531: 2529: 2526: 2524: 2521: 2519: 2516: 2514: 2511: 2509: 2506: 2504: 2501: 2499: 2496: 2494: 2491: 2490: 2488: 2486: 2485:Working class 2482: 2476: 2473: 2471: 2468: 2466: 2463: 2461: 2458: 2456: 2453: 2451: 2448: 2446: 2443: 2441: 2438: 2436: 2433: 2432: 2430: 2426: 2420: 2417: 2415: 2412: 2410: 2407: 2405: 2402: 2400: 2397: 2395: 2392: 2390: 2387: 2385: 2382: 2380: 2377: 2375: 2372: 2370: 2367: 2365: 2362: 2360: 2359:Job interview 2357: 2355: 2352: 2350: 2347: 2345: 2342: 2340: 2337: 2333: 2330: 2329: 2328: 2325: 2323: 2320: 2318: 2315: 2313: 2310: 2308: 2305: 2303: 2300: 2298: 2295: 2293: 2290: 2288: 2285: 2284: 2282: 2280: 2276: 2270: 2267: 2265: 2262: 2260: 2257: 2255: 2252: 2250: 2247: 2243: 2240: 2238: 2235: 2233: 2230: 2229: 2228: 2225: 2223: 2220: 2218: 2215: 2213: 2212:Part-time job 2210: 2208: 2205: 2203: 2200: 2198: 2197:Full-time job 2195: 2193: 2190: 2188: 2185: 2183: 2180: 2179: 2177: 2173: 2169: 2162: 2157: 2155: 2150: 2148: 2143: 2142: 2139: 2127: 2126:Dublin Accord 2124: 2122: 2119: 2118: 2116: 2112: 2106: 2103: 2101: 2098: 2096: 2093: 2091: 2088: 2087: 2085: 2081: 2075: 2072: 2070: 2067: 2066: 2064: 2060: 2051: 2046: 2044: 2039: 2037: 2032: 2031: 2028: 2022:(in Romanian) 2021: 2020: 2016: 2014: 2011: 2006: 2005: 2001: 1999: 1995: 1992: 1989: 1986: 1981: 1977: 1976: 1967: 1964: 1961: 1959: 1955: 1952: 1949: 1946: 1944: 1940: 1937: 1935: 1932: 1928: 1925: 1923: 1919: 1915: 1912: 1910: 1906: 1905:Alison Fuller 1903: 1900: 1898: 1894: 1891: 1889: 1885: 1882: 1881: 1868: 1866:9781607781738 1862: 1858: 1857: 1849: 1841: 1837: 1830: 1814: 1810: 1803: 1795: 1791: 1785: 1778: 1772: 1765: 1764: 1759: 1750: 1748: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1704: 1696: 1689: 1681: 1677: 1671: 1663: 1656: 1654: 1652: 1650: 1648: 1646: 1644: 1629:on 2016-09-24 1628: 1624: 1618: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1596: 1582:on 2009-05-07 1581: 1577: 1571: 1556: 1552: 1546: 1537: 1531: 1527: 1519: 1512: 1504: 1498: 1484:on 2011-07-22 1480: 1473: 1467: 1452: 1448: 1442: 1440: 1431: 1427: 1421: 1413: 1409: 1403: 1395: 1391: 1385: 1377: 1371: 1363: 1356: 1340: 1336: 1330: 1323: 1319: 1316: 1310: 1302: 1296: 1288: 1286:0-465-02872-1 1282: 1278: 1271: 1264: 1263: 1256: 1248: 1244: 1238: 1224:on 2011-08-13 1223: 1219: 1215: 1209: 1201: 1197: 1191: 1187: 1176: 1173: 1171: 1168: 1166: 1163: 1161: 1158: 1156: 1153: 1151: 1148: 1146: 1143: 1141: 1138: 1136: 1133: 1131: 1128: 1126: 1123: 1121: 1118: 1116: 1113: 1111: 1108: 1106: 1103: 1101: 1098: 1096: 1093: 1092: 1085: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1057: 1052: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1004: 1002: 998: 992: 990: 986: 982: 976: 969:United States 966: 964: 960: 956: 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113: 108: 98: 96: 95:skilled labor 92: 88: 84: 79: 76: 72: 68: 61: 57: 44: 39: 33: 19: 3973:Toxic leader 3953:Presenteeism 3933:Labor rights 3923:Going postal 3898:Bullshit job 3881: 3866: 3861: 3652:Unemployment 3504:Downshifting 3487:Wage slavery 3467:Penal labour 3422:Dead-end job 3412:Conscription 3191:Right to sit 3046:Annual leave 3028:Working poor 2964:Minimum wage 2942:Maximum wage 2900:Working time 2890:Six-hour day 2792:Career break 2754:Professional 2574: 2548:Black-collar 2518:White-collar 2498:Green-collar 2475:Volunteering 2312:Drug testing 2302:Cover letter 2242:Tradesperson 2094: 2018: 2003: 1953: 1947: 1938: 1930: 1926: 1917: 1913: 1901: 1892: 1883: 1855: 1848: 1839: 1829: 1819:27 September 1817:. 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Retrieved 1222:the original 1217: 1208: 1199: 1190: 1130:German model 1059: 1054: 1010: 993: 987:(1933), and 983:(1917), The 978: 949: 921: 914: 904: 895: 887: 880: 869: 857: 845: 838: 820: 813: 809: 785: 753: 738: 706: 679: 647: 638: 634: 622: 570: 565: 558: 554: 550: 548: 544: 529: 520: 496: 485: 481: 458: 454: 450: 447: 439: 430: 426: 423: 419: 415: 247: 246: 240: 239: 236: 215:West African 212: 152: 130: 126: 120: 117:trainee-ship 116: 110: 106: 104: 91:trade unions 80: 66: 65: 60:Electricians 3862:Historical: 3586:Resignation 3526:Termination 3509:Slow living 3477:Truck wages 3462:Labour camp 3390:Willingness 3282:Infractions 2937:Living wage 2885:Remote work 2553:Gold-collar 2508:Pink-collar 2503:Grey-collar 2493:Blue-collar 2460:Labour hire 2435:Cooperative 2399:Recruitment 2354:Job hunting 2287:Application 2269:Wage labour 2254:Labour hire 2207:Job sharing 2008:(in French) 1754:(in French) 1557:(in German) 1345:11 December 1070:engineering 1066:accountancy 883:electrician 825:Switzerland 801:Balochistan 766:. It is an 729:commis chef 367:Work-based 217:kingdom of 50: 1914 4056:Categories 3796:Wage curve 3603:Retirement 3516:Workaholic 3494:Work ethic 3361:Wage theft 3346:Labour law 3341:Evaluation 3326:Dress code 3091:Sick leave 3056:Child care 3018:Salary cap 2932:Income tax 2895:Shift work 2832:Time clock 2827:Sick leave 2822:Sabbatical 2787:Break room 2775:Attendance 2744:Profession 2729:Mentorship 2707:Retraining 2632:E-learning 2528:New-collar 2523:Red-collar 2470:Supervisor 2450:Internship 2369:Onboarding 2237:Technician 2232:Journeyman 2202:Gig worker 2168:Employment 2100:Journeyman 2004:L'Apprenti 1633:2016-08-21 1605:dgt.gov.in 1586:2009-05-24 1561:2024-09-09 1488:2010-07-11 1457:2010-07-11 1228:2009-12-07 1182:References 1150:Mentorship 1076:, and the 1045:professors 1041:journeymen 1025:university 1021:supervisor 829:See also: 803:TEVTA and 760:indentured 674:See also: 536:journeymen 468:See also: 330:2–3 years 327:2–3 years 324:3–4 years 192:journeyman 176:cordwainer 168:seamstress 112:internship 83:journeyman 3983:Workhouse 3903:Busy work 3717:Recession 3581:Pink slip 3539:Dismissal 3402:Careerism 2996:Singapore 2974:Hong Kong 2842:Schedules 2761:Tradesman 2662:Licensure 2622:Education 2592:Avocation 2533:No-collar 2513:Precariat 2394:Probation 2349:Job fraud 1738:144542696 1730:1573-0786 1518:"Bildung" 1170:Tradesman 1110:Education 1029:doctorate 412:Australia 372:Contract 188:indenture 184:stationer 43:shoemaker 4067:Training 3891:See also 3817:Workfare 3642:Turnover 3038:Benefits 2919:salaries 2880:Overtime 2870:Flextime 2802:Gap year 2797:Furlough 2766:Vocation 2749:Operator 2612:Coaching 2567:training 2445:Employer 2440:Employee 2344:Job fair 2222:Side job 1994:Archived 1763:Le temps 1497:cite web 1451:Archived 1318:Archived 1088:See also 1013:scholars 999:such as 782:Pakistan 488:province 200:Coventry 196:workshop 3867:U.S.A.: 3472:Peonage 3447:Slavery 3397:Boreout 3136:Karoshi 3086:Pension 2875:On-call 2580:Artisan 2264:Laborer 1920:, 2002 1165:Trainee 1049:masters 917:Turkish 799:TEVTA, 795:TEVTA, 791:TEVTA, 744:Nigeria 735:Liberia 670:Ireland 601:Germany 436:Austria 405:Myanmar 333:1 year 219:Dahomey 141:History 3571:Layoff 3121:Crunch 2979:Europe 2969:Canada 2957:Europe 2563:Career 2404:Résumé 2279:Hiring 2187:Casual 1863: 1736: 1728: 1283: 1043:, and 1017:thesis 907:Seljuk 901:Turkey 854:Length 816:NAVTTC 789:Punjab 690:unions 532:guilds 526:France 464:Canada 442:Matura 172:tailor 159:guilds 115:, and 87:guilds 3432:McJob 2952:World 2915:Wages 2782:Break 2428:Roles 1943:(pdf) 1934:(pdf) 1922:(pdf) 1909:(pdf) 1734:S2CID 1482:(PDF) 1475:(PDF) 1135:Guild 910:Turks 793:Sindh 764:Igbos 682:SOLAS 631:India 401:Bagan 297:ISCED 291:ISCED 285:ISCED 279:ISCED 198:. In 180:baker 71:trade 2917:and 2565:and 2332:list 1861:ISBN 1821:2016 1726:ISSN 1503:link 1347:2007 1281:ISBN 833:and 754:The 727:and 538:and 501:and 384:Yes 381:Yes 378:Yes 375:Yes 299:5–6 182:and 89:and 2455:Job 1840:Inc 1718:doi 1078:law 1047:as 1039:as 876:EFZ 872:CFC 865:EBA 861:AFP 805:AJK 717:ICT 704:). 560:bac 4058:: 1838:. 1811:. 1792:. 1760:, 1746:^ 1732:. 1724:. 1714:31 1712:. 1678:. 1642:^ 1603:. 1553:. 1499:}} 1495:{{ 1449:. 1438:^ 1428:. 1410:. 1392:. 1216:. 1198:. 1072:, 1068:, 1003:. 843:. 797:KP 778:. 731:. 723:, 652:. 609:A 597:. 494:. 293:6 287:6 281:6 210:. 178:, 174:, 170:, 109:, 97:. 47:c. 41:A 2160:e 2153:t 2146:v 2049:e 2042:t 2035:v 1869:. 1842:. 1823:. 1796:. 1740:. 1720:: 1682:. 1664:. 1636:. 1589:. 1564:. 1520:. 1505:) 1491:. 1460:. 1432:. 1414:. 1396:. 1378:. 1364:. 1349:. 1303:. 1289:. 1231:. 859:( 407:) 403:( 34:. 20:)

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