94:
64:
1953:
664:, and Squibnocket Pond. The only road into Aquinnah lies between the ponds. (Squibnocket Beach, which lies between the ocean and Squibnocket Pond, also connects to the town, but is often washed out during storms. No road crosses it.) Squibnocket Point, just east of this beach, is the southernmost point on Martha's Vineyard. Aquinnah has four accessible beaches for residents and the public: Philbin and Moshup (public) Beaches off Moshup Trail; Lobsterville Beach on the northern shore at Dogfish Bar, and Red Beach on Menemsha Pond. Other stretches of beach remain under private ownership.
575:
986:
513:
79:
1039:
615:
1800:
633:, the town has a total area of 40.8 square miles (106 km), of which 5.4 square miles (14 km) is land and 35.4 square miles (92 km) (86.85%) is water. Aquinnah ranks 334th in area out of 351 communities in the Commonwealth, and is the smallest town by land area on the Vineyard. To the north and northwest is the
441:. They comprise approximately one-third of the town's voters and are one of two federally recognized tribes of Wampanoag people in Massachusetts. This area is one of the earliest sites of whaling, with the Wampanoag harpooning their catch long before commercial whaling became the major maritime industry of Martha's Vineyard,
586:
who is said to have been at least partially responsible for many of the features of the island's physical landscape. The ocean is a rare aqua color here, with wave heights that are above average for the area. The water sometimes takes on a red, white or grayish tinge resulting from clay eroding from
1021:
There were 141 households, out of which 33.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.3% were married couples living together, 17.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.9% were non-families. 30.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.8% had someone
1029:
The median income for a household in the town was $ 45,208, and the median income for a family was $ 46,458. Males had a median income of $ 37,917 versus $ 26,250 for females. The per capita income for the town was $ 21,420. About 8.6% of families and 7.1% of the population were below the poverty
1025:
In the town, the population was spread out, with 25.3% under the age of 18, 8.7% from 18 to 24, 31.7% from 25 to 44, 24.1% from 45 to 64, and 10.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over,
686:
like the rest of Martha's
Vineyard, Chappaquiddick, and nearby Nantucket. Dunes are fortified with healthy grasses but the southwestern shoreline has faced an annual reduction in its beaches for decades. The cliffs have also faced higher and stronger seas, leading to a 129 foot inland move of the
993:
As of the census of 2000, there were 344 people, 141 households, and 88 families residing in the town. The population density was 64.1 inhabitants per square mile (24.7/km). There were 463 housing units at an average density of 86.3 per square mile (33.3/km). The racial makeup of the town was
1706:
THE ABORIGINAL RACES OF NORTH AMERICA; COMPRISING BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF EMINENT INDIVIDUALS AND AN HISTORICAL ACCOUNT OF THE DIFFERENT TRIBES FROM THE FIRST DISCOVERY OF THE CONTINENT TO THE PRESENT PERIOD WITH A DISSERTATION ON THEIR ORIGIN, ANTIQUITIES, MANNERS and CUSTOMS, ILLUSTRATIVE
1322:
1112:. The town operates its own police and fire departments, near the Town Hall at the town center. The Aquinnah Public Library, a former one-room schoolhouse of less than 1,000 square feet (93 m), is also nearby. The nearest post office is located 3 miles (4.8 km) away in Chilmark.
667:
Aside from
Aquinnah's famed clay cliffs, the landscape is noted for its rolling terrain, coastal heathlands, deciduous woods, high sand dunes and beach roses. At the 'head' of the island is the Aquinnah Headlands Preserve which provides sweeping coastal views for walkers.
557:
During the Island's earliest tourist booms of the late 19th century, ferries brought tourists directly to the Cliff's shores. Today, there is no direct transit between
Aquinnah and the mainland. Visitors to the island use commercial planes serving
594:
patrols conducted by police and
Wampanoag Conservation Rangers, who explain to visitors about the importance of the cliffs to the tribe. Under Massachusetts General Law Ch 272 Sec 59, a person may be fined or arrested for disturbing the clay.
1491:
465:, part of a large language family that extended down the Atlantic Coast. Based on archeological testing, scientists estimate the earliest signs of human occupation in what is now Aquinnah date back 10,000 to 7,500 years.
63:
1115:
In 2001, Aquinnah passed a bylaw requiring archaeological reviews of proposed building sites due to the 10 millennia of
Wampanoag history in the town. This bylaw has unearthed scores of significant discoveries.
1495:
1630:. Bureau of the Census. Number of Inhabitants, by Counties and Minor Civil Divisions. Pages 21–5 through 21–7. Massachusetts Table 2. Population of Counties by Minor Civil Divisions: 1920, 1910, and 1920
1445:
550:, and a request from the Martha's Vineyard Commission for the Wampanoag tribe to work with the commission to "preserve the unique values of the Vineyard." The Wampanoag tribe says the commission has no
563:
1124:
Aquinnah is served by Martha's
Vineyard Regional School District. Chilmark Elementary School and Up-Island School in West Tisbury, serve the town's elementary and middle–school students.
93:
1132:, serves the entire island's high–school population. MVRHS's teams are nicknamed the Vineyarders, and their colors are purple and white. The school has a longstanding rivalry with
1584:. 1: Number of Inhabitants. Bureau of the Census. 1952. Section 6, Pages 21–10 and 21–11, Massachusetts Table 6. Population of Counties by Minor Civil Divisions: 1930 to 1950
430:. At the 2020 U.S. census, the population was 439. Aquinnah is known for its beautiful clay cliffs and natural serenity, as well as its historical importance to the native
1655:. Department of the Interior, Census Office. Pages 179 through 182. Massachusetts Table 5. Population of States and Territories by Minor Civil Divisions: 1880 and 1890
524:
Wampanoag for "land under the hill." Throughout the town's history, a
Wampanoag community has been among its residents. The people gained federal recognition as the
2078:
1859:
1556:
2118:
700:
2093:
1681:
1465:
2088:
1963:
1821:
107:
1145:
1680:. Department of the Interior, Census Office. 1872. Pages 217 through 220. Table IX. Population of Minor Civil Divisions, &c. Massachusetts.
2103:
2098:
1523:. US Census Bureau. December 1990. Table 76: General Characteristics of Persons, Households, and Families: 1990. 1990 CP-1-23. Archived from
1047:
1073:
as a part of the
Barnstable, Dukes and Nantucket district, which includes all of Martha's Vineyard and Nantucket, as well as a portion of
2083:
437:
Aquinnah is celebrated as a center of
Wampanoag culture and a center of pride and tradition among members of the federally recognized
1852:
1125:
602:," nudity is tolerated on Aquinnah Beach several hundred yards northwest of the footpath. The beach has a long history of attracting
1339:
682:
Aquinnah is rare in that it is one of the few western-facing coastlines on the east coast. Even so, it still faces the challenge of
1902:
326:
1517:
1837:
1725:
1070:
468:
The
Wampanoag have a separate history; their creation myth tells that their ancestors reached the island after traveling on an
1252:
2113:
1845:
1310:
Welcome to Horneytown, North Carolina, Population: 15: An Insider's Guide to 201 of the World's Weirdest and Wildest Places
1022:
living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 3.04.
543:
336:
78:
505:. Gay Head was a descriptive name referring to the brilliant colors of the cliffs and was frequently noted on lists of
497:
This area was first settled by English colonists in 1669. Later colonists officially divided the town of Aquinnah from
461:, a Native American people, related to the larger Algonquin Nation of Southern New England. Historically they spoke an
397:
161:
1775:
531:
In 2015, erosion at the town's western end led to a $ 3.5 million, 129 feet (39 m) move of its prominent, red brick
2073:
1827:
1082:
2108:
1978:
1469:
1973:
1416:
1394:
999:
506:
1081:
as a portion of the Cape and Islands district, which includes all of Martha's Vineyard, Nantucket and most of
434:
people. In 1965, Gay Head Cliffs were designated as a National Natural Landmark by the National Park Service.
1983:
1003:
1389:
2043:
1363:
1348:
976:
559:
1555:. US Census Bureau. December 1981. Table 4. Populations of County Subdivisions: 1960 to 1980. PC80-1-A23.
2030:
1942:
1869:
1754:
1729:
1007:
654:
630:
539:
525:
438:
166:
17:
1649:
1624:
1098:
446:
292:
271:
1578:
1549:
1932:
1129:
947:
934:
921:
908:
895:
882:
869:
856:
843:
830:
817:
804:
791:
778:
765:
752:
739:
726:
1610:
1922:
1891:
310:
139:
2010:
1917:
1466:"TOTAL POPULATION (P1), 2010 Census Summary File 1, All County Subdivisions within Massachusetts"
1198:
1094:
1090:
1074:
642:
547:
498:
1867:
1674:
68:
The Clay Cliffs of Aquinnah and the Gay Head Lighthouse on the western end of Martha's Vineyard.
1937:
1927:
1177:
1011:
679:
off the beaches of Moshup Trail, and jogging and cycling the State Road and Moshup Trail loop.
637:
and Devil's Bridge. the latter an underwater rock reef most noted for causing the wreck of the
457:
Before the arrival of English colonists, Martha's Vineyard and Aquinnah were inhabited by the
1711:
1597:
1230:
1133:
1086:
622:
1294:
546:
is scheduled to proceed with construction despite opposition from the towns of Aquinnah and
2050:
1078:
1055:
1015:
972:
473:
462:
419:
281:
24:
8:
1993:
1336:
1097:). All of Dukes County is patrolled by the Fifth (Oak Bluffs) Barracks of Troop D of the
995:
591:
574:
2020:
1109:
1051:
407:
1524:
1199:"National Natural Landmarks – National Natural Landmarks (U.S. National Park Service)"
985:
542:
announced it will begin construction of the Aquinnah Cliffs Casino in March 2019. The
1704:
1247:
1105:
650:
197:
1136:, and the annual Island Cup between the football teams attracts a strong following.
582:
At the foot of the cliffs is Moshup's Beach, named after a great Aquinnah Wampanoag
2005:
1059:
638:
458:
431:
415:
368:
49:
1288:
512:
1343:
1266:
683:
16:"Aquinnah" redirects here. For the federally-recognized tribe of that name, see
688:
646:
634:
606:
who delighted in "clay baths," the baths of which are now strictly prohibited.
532:
1518:"1990 Census of Population, General Population Characteristics: Massachusetts"
1492:"Massachusetts by Place and County Subdivision – GCT-T1. Population Estimates"
1030:
line, including 4.0% of those under age 18 and 14.3% of those age 65 or over.
481:
2067:
1272:
661:
502:
423:
319:
315:
154:
122:
109:
672:
551:
1884:
1831:
1779:
1178:"Census - Geography Profile: Aquinnah town, Dukes County, Massachusetts)"
528:
in 1987 and controls sovereign tribal lands within the town boundaries.
1108:
form of government. It is led by an executive secretary and an elected
989:
The Vanderhoop Homestead, looking towards the western-facing coastline.
671:
Aquinnah's geography also lends itself to outdoor activities including
599:
149:
1165:
1550:"1980 Census of the Population, Number of Inhabitants: Massachusetts"
1063:
1038:
486:
469:
442:
262:
660:
Aquinnah is separated from the town of Chilmark by Menemsha Bight,
603:
520:
In 1997, by popular vote of 79 to 21, the town changed its name to
676:
562:, located in nearby West Tisbury, while others travel by car and
491:
477:
426:, United States. From 1870 to 1997, the town was incorporated as
1277:
2009. A Limited Edition with 281 illustrations by Rockwell Kent.
583:
23:"Gay Head" redirects here. For the 1891 sidewheel steamer, see
1815:
1484:
1253:
Massachusetts Department of Housing and Community Development
288:
267:
472:
from the far North. They sided with the English settlers in
614:
516:
Seal for the town under the name Gay Head, used until 1998.
389:
371:
1750:
1710:(Fifteenth ed.). New York: Hurst & Co. pp.
1450:
1231:"Aquinnah Sites Reveal 10,000 Years of Wampanoag History"
1164:
Wôpanâak Language Reclamation Project - "Fun with words"
383:
351:
1707:
NARRATIVES AND ANECDOTES, AND A COPIOUS ANALYTICAL INDEX
1776:"Index of Legislative Representatives by City and Town"
1290:
The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States
649:. Within viewing distance to the west is the chain of
645:, its only land border. To the south and west is the
590:
Protection of the cliffs is aggressively enforced by
398:
386:
380:
377:
701:
List of Massachusetts locations by per capita income
1069:On the state level, Aquinnah is represented in the
374:
578:Looking up at the clay cliffs from Moshup's Beach
2065:
2079:1669 establishments in the Province of New York
1307:
1146:Gay Head-Aquinnah Town Center Historic District
1104:Aquinnah is governed on the local level by the
1286:
1853:
1702:
1494:. United States Census Bureau. Archived from
1468:. United States Census Bureau. Archived from
1046:On the national level, Aquinnah is a part of
1726:"City and Town Population Totals: 2020−2023"
1390:"Tribe moves ahead with casino construction"
2119:National Natural Landmarks in Massachusetts
1667:
1642:
1617:
1571:
1542:
1510:
1458:
1860:
1846:
1834:(Collection of photographs from the 1880s)
1446:"Historic Gay Head Lighthouse on the move"
1048:Massachusetts's 9th congressional district
1018:of any race were 1.16% of the population.
2094:Populated coastal places in Massachusetts
1248:"Aquinnah (previously known as Gay Head)"
501:and incorporated it in 1870 as Gay Head,
98:Location in Dukes County in Massachusetts
2089:Native American history of Massachusetts
1361:
1037:
984:
675:at Lobsterville Beach and Dog Fish Bar,
613:
573:
511:
1703:Drake, Samuel; Williams, H. L. (1880).
1387:
2066:
1364:"Gay Head Lighthouse move is complete"
1126:Martha's Vineyard Regional High School
1071:Massachusetts House of Representatives
719:
1841:
1388:Brennan, George (February 24, 2019).
1228:
1224:
1222:
2104:Towns in Dukes County, Massachusetts
2099:Populated places established in 1669
1085:(with the exception of the Towns of
1054:. The state's senior member of the
1010:, and 8.72% from two or more races.
641:in 1884. To the east is the town of
598:Though not officially designated a "
212:40.8 sq mi (105.6 km)
32:Town in Massachusetts, United States
1743:
1684:from the original on August 8, 2010
1559:from the original on August 5, 2010
1241:
1166:https://www.wlrp.org/fun-with-words
228:35.4 sq mi (91.7 km)
13:
1951:
1868:Municipalities and communities of
1219:
1077:. The town is represented in the
971:* = population estimate. Source:
714:
220:5.4 sq mi (13.9 km)
14:
2130:
1809:
1362:Sigelman, Nelson (June 3, 2015).
569:
480:from small boats. The character
367:
92:
77:
62:
1794:
1768:
1718:
1696:
1675:"1870 Census of the Population"
1650:"1890 Census of the Population"
1438:
1409:
1381:
1355:
1330:
694:
2084:Geography of Martha's Vineyard
1316:
1301:
1280:
1259:
1191:
1170:
1158:
418:located on the western end of
1:
2031:Wampanoag-Aquinnah trust land
1293:. Govt. Print. Off. pp.
1151:
1033:
1352:. Retrieved August 14, 2012.
1349:Cradleboard Teaching Project
1256:. Retrieved August 14, 2012.
1119:
977:Population Estimates Program
609:
184:April 13, 1870 (as Gay Head)
7:
2114:Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head
1871:Dukes County, Massachusetts
1755:United States Census Bureau
1730:United States Census Bureau
1625:"1920 Census of Population"
1579:"1950 Census of Population"
1395:The Martha's Vineyard Times
1368:The Martha's Vineyard Times
1139:
631:United States Census Bureau
540:Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head
526:Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head
484:in Herman Melville's novel
439:Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head
18:Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head
10:
2135:
1822:Wampanoag Official Webpage
1801:Station D-5, SP Oak Bluffs
1417:"Town of Aquinnah By-Laws"
1099:Massachusetts State Police
698:
452:
447:New Bedford, Massachusetts
411:
22:
15:
2039:
2019:
1992:
1962:
1949:
1901:
1882:
1342:October 29, 2013, at the
970:
734:—
560:Martha's Vineyard Airport
346:
335:
325:
309:
299:
278:
261:
257:81.3/sq mi (31.6/km)
253:
245:
240:
232:
224:
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208:
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193:
188:
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160:
148:
138:
103:
91:
73:
61:
56:
47:
37:
1826:Aquinnah Music Festival
1308:Parker, Quentin (2010).
1062:. The junior Senator is
1050:, and is represented by
2074:Aquinnah, Massachusetts
1287:Gannett, Henry (1905).
1026:there were 84.9 males.
39:Aquinnah, Massachusetts
2109:Towns in Massachusetts
1956:
1605:Cite journal requires
1043:
990:
626:
579:
538:In February 2019, the
517:
236:98 ft (30 m)
1955:
1816:Official town website
1782:on September 29, 2007
1751:"U.S. Census website"
1214:Year designated: 1965
1134:Nantucket High School
1041:
988:
706:Historical population
623:David Hunter Strother
621:(1860); Engraving by
617:
577:
515:
490:is a Native American
449:in the 19th century.
280: • Summer (
123:41.33444°N 70.79583°W
2052:United States portal
2045:Massachusetts portal
1832:Souvenir of Gay Head
1820:History and Culture
1472:on February 12, 2020
1235:The Vineyard Gazette
1079:Massachusetts Senate
1056:United States Senate
973:United States Census
254: • Density
25:Gay Head (steamboat)
1530:on December 7, 2013
1229:Hufstader, Louisa.
707:
689:Gay Head Lighthouse
507:unusual place names
463:Algonquian language
128:41.33444; -70.79583
119: /
2022:Indian reservation
1957:
1498:on January 6, 2012
1110:board of selectmen
1044:
1042:Aquinnah town hall
991:
705:
627:
587:the cliffs above.
580:
554:over the project.
518:
246: • Total
225: • Water
209: • Total
2061:
2060:
1106:open town meeting
1083:Barnstable County
983:
982:
651:Elizabeth Islands
629:According to the
476:. They performed
474:King Philip's War
420:Martha's Vineyard
360:
359:
217: • Land
198:Open town meeting
194: • Type
2126:
2053:
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1998:
1979:Oak Bluffs (CDP)
1966:
1954:
1905:
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1862:
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1848:
1839:
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1803:
1798:
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1787:
1778:. Archived from
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1477:
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1442:
1436:
1435:
1433:
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1217:
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1211:
1209:
1195:
1189:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1174:
1168:
1162:
1060:Elizabeth Warren
1000:African American
721:
716:
708:
704:
639:City of Columbus
413:
402:
396:
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382:
379:
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285:
134:
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57:Town of Aquinnah
35:
34:
2134:
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2064:
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2057:
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2044:
2035:
2021:
2015:
1996:
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1988:
1974:Edgartown (CDP)
1964:
1958:
1952:
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1903:
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1454:. May 28, 2015.
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1344:Wayback Machine
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1052:William Keating
1036:
1004:Native American
703:
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684:coastal erosion
612:
604:nude sunbathers
572:
494:from Aquinnah.
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104:Coordinates:
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1943:West Tisbury
1912:
1890:
1796:
1784:. Retrieved
1780:the original
1770:
1758:. Retrieved
1745:
1733:. Retrieved
1720:
1705:
1698:
1686:. Retrieved
1669:
1657:. Retrieved
1644:
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1619:
1598:cite journal
1586:. Retrieved
1573:
1561:. Retrieved
1544:
1532:. Retrieved
1525:the original
1512:
1500:. Retrieved
1496:the original
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1474:. Retrieved
1470:the original
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1430:February 27,
1428:. Retrieved
1423:
1411:
1401:February 26,
1399:. Retrieved
1393:
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1324:Boston Globe
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975:records and
695:Demographics
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530:
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181:Incorporated
29:
1886:County seat
1760:January 31,
1426:. June 1988
1337:"Wampanoag"
1267:"Moby-Dick"
1183:November 7,
1008:other races
655:Nomans Land
352:aquinnah-ma
126: /
2068:Categories
1933:Oak Bluffs
1373:August 12,
1152:References
1130:Oak Bluffs
1034:Government
699:See also:
600:nude beach
339:feature ID
241:Population
189:Government
114:70°47′45″W
2006:Cuttyhunk
1923:Edgartown
1893:Edgartown
1786:March 19,
1208:March 22,
1120:Education
1064:Ed Markey
1002:, 36.63%
691:in 2015.
610:Geography
522:Aquinnah,
492:harpooner
487:Moby-Dick
459:Wampanoag
443:Nantucket
432:Wampanoag
408:Wampanoag
327:FIPS code
311:Area code
263:Time zone
233:Elevation
111:41°20′4″N
2011:Menemsha
1997:villages
1918:Chilmark
1913:Aquinnah
1688:July 12,
1682:Archived
1659:July 12,
1634:July 12,
1588:July 12,
1563:July 12,
1557:Archived
1534:July 12,
1502:July 12,
1340:Archived
1140:See also
1095:Falmouth
1091:Sandwich
1075:Falmouth
1012:Hispanic
998:, 0.29%
643:Chilmark
619:Gay Head
548:Chilmark
499:Chilmark
482:Tashtego
470:ice floe
428:Gay Head
422:island,
363:Aquinnah
331:25-01585
300:ZIP code
1938:Tisbury
1928:Gosnold
1735:May 19,
1203:nps.gov
994:53.49%
677:surfing
478:whaling
453:History
414:) is a
412:Âhqunah
347:Website
342:0618289
293:Eastern
272:Eastern
173:Settled
140:Country
42:Âhqunah
1093:, and
1087:Bourne
1016:Latino
955:+41.2%
929:+71.1%
903:+86.4%
890:+14.6%
877:+17.0%
864:−30.7%
851:−21.1%
838:+11.8%
825:−11.1%
799:+24.5%
786:−13.7%
760:−52.9%
747:+70.0%
584:sachem
445:, and
162:County
1995:Other
1904:Towns
1678:(PDF)
1653:(PDF)
1628:(PDF)
1582:(PDF)
1553:(PDF)
1528:(PDF)
1521:(PDF)
1420:(PDF)
996:White
979:data.
966:+1.6%
960:2023*
942:−9.6%
916:−8.6%
812:−6.4%
773:+0.6%
564:ferry
544:tribe
304:02535
289:UTC-4
268:UTC-5
167:Dukes
150:State
1965:CDPs
1788:2007
1762:2008
1737:2024
1690:2011
1661:2011
1636:2011
1611:help
1590:2011
1565:2011
1536:2011
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1478:2011
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1375:2020
1271:The
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948:2020
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909:1990
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883:1970
870:1960
857:1950
844:1940
831:1930
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792:1900
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766:1880
753:1870
740:1820
727:1800
715:Pop.
711:Year
657:.
653:and
416:town
401:KWIN
354:.gov
337:GNIS
204:Area
176:1669
83:Seal
50:Town
1451:CNN
1295:135
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592:ATV
403:-uh
399:uh-
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282:DST
249:439
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