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259:, a Tel Aviv think tank, and professor Clive Jones, a Middle East security specialist: "Our approach lies in understanding Israel's ties with many of the Gulf monarchies, notably Saudi Arabia, the UAE, and Bahrain, not as some formal alliance but rather as a manifestation of a Tacit Security Regime. This regime allows for the evolution of ties between Israel and the Gulf monarchies to be explored and analyzed while allowing us to be mindful that these relations have rarely been linear, let alone underpinned by any shared normative values."
135:
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the
Palestinians, and offering them to replace the path of terror and destruction with a shared future of progress and success." And further, "What we are doing here is making history, building a new regional architecture based on progress, technology, religious tolerance, security and intelligence cooperation." During the summit, the Bahraini foreign minister openly suggested discussing the establishment of a security-intelligence alliance, which he called a "mini-NATO", among all members of the summit countries.
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227:") including the GCC states, Egypt, Jordan, and possibly Morocco. In April 2019 Egypt announced that it would not participate. The pact has not been announced as of 11 January 2021. "The late 2020 UAE, Bahrain, and Morocco agreements to normalize relations with Israel could have constituted an alternative, insofar as the UAE and Bahrain normalization decisions were related, at least in part, to countering Iran." In 2020, as part of the
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In 10 March 2023, Iran and Saudi Arabia announced the resumption of relations, following a deal brokered by China. Under the agreement both countries agreed to respect the other's sovereignty and not interfere in the internal affairs of the other. This triggered a chain reaction in which several Arab
318:
to
Blinken, saying that "when we reestablished the relations , this is not an opportunistic move, it is a move of conviction," and promised more formal visits between the two countries’ officials, which will advance cooperation and ties further. Bourita said, "We are here today because we genuinely,
302:
attended the first day and released a joint statement with minister Lapid, saying that "the US believes the JCPOA is the best way to put Iran back in the box." However, "when it comes to the most important element, we see eye-to-eye," Blinken said. "We are both committed, both determined that Iran
272:
said that the accords were premised on the idea of an "Israel-Sunni" anti-Iran coalition and that normalization would help but that "it's very doubtful there ever was such a coalition, and the accords did nothing to create or solidify one." In March 2022, Saudi Crown Prince
Mohammed bin Salman said
330:
that killed two
Israelis at a bus stop, all participants condemned it. They decided to make the Negev summit a regular annual conference, and invite other regional partners, including the Palestinians, with Lapid saying, "We are today opening a door before all the peoples of the region, including
453:"Relations between Israel, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Saudi Arabia continue in the shadows, with reports of senior Israeli officials regularly visiting the Gulf States. Israeli cabinet ministers have openly visited the UAE and Oman, with more set to take place in the future."
251:
analysed the
Abraham Accords in October 2020, including the involvement of the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain, but before Sudan and Morocco took action; the Marshall Center described that the Abraham Accords "strengthens the informal anti-Iran alliance in the region".
351:, the Saudi ambassador to the United Kingdom, said in a BBC interview that Saudi Arabia was still interested in peace and normalized relations with Israel following the war, on the condition of the creation of a Palestinian state.
303:
will never acquire a nuclear weapon… Our commitment to the core principle that Iran can never acquire a nuclear weapon is unwavering. One way or another, we will continue to cooperate closely." Comparing the Negev Summit to the
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220:'s policy in the Middle East: The belief that Israel and key Arab states can form an alliance against Iran, even when peace talks between Israel and the Palestinians seem more distant than ever."
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nations that had previously established diplomatic ties with Israel began to work towards establishing diplomatic relations with Iran, such as
Bahrain and Sudan.
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reconciliation talks with Iran would continue and "We look at Israel as a potential ally but before that it should solve its problems with the
Palestinians."
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coalition emerged by
November 2017, upon warming ties between Israel and the Gulf States and received broad media attention in light of the
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as a wedge issue and mutual tensions with Iran. By 2016, GCC states had sought strengthened economic and security cooperation with
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https://www.haaretz.com/us-news/.premium-warsaw-summit-will-test-u-s-gamble-on-israeli-arab-pact-against-irantz
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began in
October 2023, Saudi Arabia decided to halt normalization talks with Israel. In January 2024, Prince
1282:"Saudi Arabia wanted to 'de-risk' the Middle East. Instead it has to hit pause on normalization with Israel"
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on 27–28 March 2022. Attending were his
American, Bahraini, Egyptian, Emirati and Moroccan counterparts.
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The Trump administration tried to launch a "Middle East Strategic Alliance" (also known as the "Arab
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which "no one thought possible", Blinken called this the beginning of a "new dawn" for the region.
165:
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3379:
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2830:
1612:
925:"Israel can become a "potential ally" if Palestinian conflict resolved - Saudi crown prince"
541:"Biden decision on weapons sales to Gulf states 'important test' for Israeli-Sunni alliance"
5098:
5053:
4388:
4383:
4270:
4235:
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3413:
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327:
217:
140:
8:
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387:
met in secret in Bahrain in order to discuss regional security cooperation according to
196:
The roots of the alliance started in the 2000s, due to the decreasing importance of the
4741:
4260:
4181:
4024:
3864:
3733:
3617:
3528:
3461:
3456:
3384:
2913:
2273:
1199:
774:"Israel Urges U.S., Europe to Bolster Ties With Sudan, Citing Apparent Split With Iran"
521:
513:
416:
304:
667:
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4203:
3899:
3708:
3570:
3374:
3030:
1370:
1311:
505:
1371:"Under the radar: IDF chief meets with CENTCOM, Arab generals in Bahrain - report"
5430:
4736:
4567:
4435:
4310:
3471:
3369:
3125:
3120:
2293:
1343:
866:
450:
388:
320:
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228:
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5423:
5387:
5253:
4836:
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4420:
4223:
3632:
3050:
493:
311:
299:
168:, it is primarily focused on deterring the political and military ambitions of
956:
Israel's FM Lapid welcomes US Secretary of State Blinken ahead of Negev Summit
954:
5445:
5411:
5363:
5128:
4537:
4410:
4218:
4104:
3752:
3153:
2866:
1179:
1105:
1075:
740:
509:
181:
3557:
464:"Arab-Israeli Progress Seemed Impossible. That's Because of Old Assumptions"
334:
5399:
5243:
5108:
5048:
4983:
4906:
4373:
4352:
4213:
3486:
3391:
3006:
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2288:
384:
360:
282:
128:
5435:
5339:
4891:
4731:
4582:
4250:
4176:
3523:
2825:
48:
1339:"Scoop: U.S. holds meeting with Israeli and Arab generals amid Gaza war"
1252:"Bahrain, Iran likely to restore diplomatic ties soon, US diplomat says"
1168:"Iran and Saudi Arabia agree to restore ties after China-brokered talks"
1106:"Israel's Negev Summit wraps in unanimous condemnation of terror attack"
517:
216:, "This week's global summit in Warsaw will test the main pillar of the
4542:
4347:
292:
161:
1312:"Saudi Arabia wants peace with Israel after Gaza war, envoy tells BBC"
1166:
Wintour, Patrick; editor, Patrick Wintour Diplomatic (10 March 2023).
5248:
1015:"Negev Summit: Moroccan FM Vows Strengthened Cooperation with Israel"
984:"Negev Summit: Israel, Arab states discuss regional defense alliance"
803:
Nahmias, Omri; Harkov, Lahav; Cashman, Greer Fay (11 December 2020).
288:
4702:
American Healthcare Professionals and Friends for Medicine in Israel
923:
Alashray, Enas; Chmaytelli, Maher (3 March 2022). Boyle, Jon (ed.).
5156:
4841:
3518:
1076:"At least 2 Israelis killed by terrorists in Hadera shooting spree"
5028:
4587:
3408:
1137:"Five things to know about the Iran-Saudi deal brokered by China"
368:
268:
116:
80:
4296:
United States recognition of the Golan Heights as part of Israel
805:"Morocco, Israel normalize ties as US recognizes Western Sahara"
5033:
4876:
4767:
Conference of Presidents of Major American Jewish Organizations
4094:
1428:
894:"Abraham Accords a year on: Israel's biggest challenges remain"
746:. Congressional Research Service. 11 January 2021. p. 24.
380:
201:
157:
104:
68:
16:
Security-focused coalition in the Middle East and North Africa
5043:
4801:
4598:
United States support for Israel in the 2023 Israel–Hamas war
4398:
372:
92:
323:
had opened direct flights to Tel Aviv earlier in the month.
5038:
4603:
2023 exchange of Israeli hostages for Palestinian prisoners
4291:
United States recognition of Jerusalem as capital of Israel
4141:
Consulate General of Israel to the Pacific Northwest Region
1046:"Moroccan FM Arrives in Israel for 'Historic' Negev Summit"
637:"Israel Is Strengthening Its Ties With The Gulf Monarchies"
224:
169:
4757:
Committee for Accuracy in Middle East Reporting in America
4151:
Tel Aviv Branch Office of the Embassy of the United States
4677:
Opposition in the United States to the Israeli occupation
376:
335:
Saudi rapprochement with Iran and Israel–Hamas war (2023)
255:
According to authors Yoel Gozansky an Iran expert at the
4812:
Institute for Advanced Strategic and Political Studies
4636:
United States–Israel Strategic Partnership Act of 2014
2942:
Israeli airstrike on the Iranian consulate in Damascus
836:"The Abraham Accords – Paradigm Shift or Realpolitik?"
5577:
Military alliances involving the United Arab Emirates
5323:
4553:
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Israeli procurement
4942:
A Clean Break: A New Strategy for Securing the Realm
4897:
United States – Israel Binational Science Foundation
4478:
Donald Trump's disclosures of classified information
3848:
2016 attack on the Saudi diplomatic missions in Iran
3600:
802:
4862:
Louis D. Brandeis Center for Human Rights Under Law
4338:
Kosovo and Serbia economic normalization agreements
4316:
Israel–United Arab Emirates normalization agreement
922:
4852:Jewish Institute for National Security of America
4687:American Association for Palestinian Equal Rights
4156:Consulate General of the United States, Jerusalem
868:Fraternal Enemies: Israel and the Gulf Monarchies
247:signed normalization agreements with Israel. The
156:, is an unofficial security coalition comprising
5443:
4762:Committee for Justice and Peace in the Holy Land
1226:"Iran and Sudan look to restore diplomatic ties"
3890:United Nations Security Council Resolution 2231
5582:Military alliances involving the United States
4917:Walworth Barbour American International School
4146:Consuls general of Israel to the United States
3397:Mossad infiltration of Iranian nuclear archive
3332:2024 Iranian missile strikes in Iraq and Syria
2896:
4999:
4077:
3586:
3562:
2882:
2372:
1411:
1165:
864:
599:
597:
572:"Renewal of Turkey-Israel Relations Imminent"
5557:United Arab Emirates–United States relations
5013:
4857:Joint Action Committee for Political Affairs
4266:U.S.–Israel Joint Economic Development Group
4010:Islamic Military Counter Terrorism Coalition
668:"What's shaping the Israel-Saudi 'alliance'"
5104:Gulf Organization for Industrial Consulting
4682:Robert F. Kennedy's 1948 visit to Palestine
3355:Assassination of Iranian nuclear scientists
865:Jones, Clive; Gozansky, Yoel (April 2020).
834:Norlen, Tova; Sinai, Tamir (October 2020).
833:
164:. Originally formed in the interest of the
5006:
4992:
4136:Ambassadors of the United States to Israel
4126:Ambassadors of Israel to the United States
4084:
4070:
4000:Opposition to military action against Iran
3593:
3579:
2889:
2875:
2379:
2365:
1418:
1404:
765:
594:
468:Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
354:
5572:Military alliances involving Saudi Arabia
4281:2013–2014 Israeli–Palestinian peace talks
4276:2010–2011 Israeli–Palestinian peace talks
4209:Israel–United States Free Trade Agreement
4052:Category:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict
3885:International Maritime Security Construct
3440:Russia and the Iran–Israel proxy conflict
3002:1992 Buenos Aires Israeli embassy bombing
2997:Targeted assassination of Abbas al-Musawi
496:(2016). "The New Arab–Israeli Alliance".
402:Arab League and the Arab–Israeli conflict
319:sincerely, and deeply believe in peace."
180:), and has been actively promoted by the
4949:The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy
4717:American Israel Public Affairs Committee
4358:Israeli–Lebanese maritime border dispute
3076:Israel–Hezbollah conflict (2023–present)
5547:Israel–United States military relations
4974:Category:Israel–United States relations
4912:Jerusalem American International School
4817:Institute for Middle East Understanding
4712:American Palestine Public Affairs Forum
4131:Embassy of the United States, Jerusalem
3482:People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran
3254:Israeli–Syrian ceasefire line incidents
3041:2008 Israel–Hezbollah prisoner exchange
314:of Morocco relayed a message from King
291:was hosted by Israeli foreign minister
257:Institute for National Security Studies
5444:
5179:Qatar–Saudi Arabia diplomatic conflict
5094:Gulf and Arabian Peninsula Unity Forum
4672:Anti-Israel lobby in the United States
4331:Israel–Morocco normalization agreement
4321:Bahrain–Israel normalization agreement
3670:Qatar–Saudi Arabia diplomatic conflict
981:
891:
665:
634:
616:from the original on 17 September 2018
603:
538:
492:
276:
5542:Israel–United Arab Emirates relations
4987:
4065:
3574:
3561:
3497:Views on military action against Iran
2870:
2360:
1399:
1292:from the original on 24 November 2023
771:
741:"Iran's Foreign and Defense Policies"
666:Marcus, Jonathan (24 November 2017).
647:from the original on 15 February 2018
569:
444:The solidifying Arab-Israeli Alliance
439:
437:
5562:Military alliances involving Bahrain
5552:Saudi Arabia–United States relations
4887:Queers Undermining Israeli Terrorism
4463:2011 alleged Iran assassination plot
4458:United States diplomatic cables leak
4326:Israel–Sudan normalization agreement
3860:2011 alleged Iran assassination plot
3514:Israel and state-sponsored terrorism
3285:2011 alleged Iran assassination plot
3224:September 2018 Syria missile strikes
3194:December 2014 Rif Dimashq airstrikes
2992:1982 kidnapping of Iranian diplomats
1262:from the original on 27 October 2023
1134:
1012:
935:from the original on 30 October 2022
784:from the original on 13 October 2020
635:Ramani, Samuel (12 September 2016).
582:from the original on 13 January 2022
5567:Military alliances involving Israel
5527:Iran–United Arab Emirates relations
4956:The Occupation of the American Mind
4593:Terminal High Altitude Area Defense
4493:World Central Kitchen drone strikes
4426:Lawrence Franklin espionage scandal
4121:Embassy of Israel, Washington, D.C.
4005:Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
3548:Category:Iran–Israel proxy conflict
3312:Yarmouk munitions factory explosion
3234:November 2019 Syria missile strikes
3214:February 2018 Israel–Syria incident
2852:Diplomatic missions of Saudi Arabia
1351:from the original on 19 August 2024
13:
5452:Arab–Israeli alliance against Iran
5213:Arab–Israeli alliance against Iran
4692:America-Israel Cultural Foundation
3983:Arab–Israeli alliance against Iran
3968:Iran and state-sponsored terrorism
3905:Abha International Airport attacks
3502:Iran and state-sponsored terrorism
3199:January 2015 Mazraat Amal incident
3184:January 2013 Rif Dimashq airstrike
3056:January 2015 Shebaa Farms incident
2821:Arab–Israeli alliance against Iran
2467:
1186:from the original on 14 March 2023
1043:
963:from the original on 27 March 2022
815:from the original on 16 March 2021
539:Lappin, Yaakov (4 February 2021).
434:
262:In an anniversary analysis of the
14:
5593:
5308:Category:Gulf Cooperation Council
5291:GCC Youth Athletics Championships
5172:Saudi-led intervention in Bahrain
4847:Jewish Council for Public Affairs
4782:Council for the National Interest
4772:Coordinating Council on Jerusalem
4667:Israel lobby in the United States
4662:Palestine–United States relations
4488:Self-immolation of Aaron Bushnell
3870:2017 Lebanon–Saudi Arabia dispute
3692:Saudi-led intervention in Bahrain
3290:2012 attacks on Israeli diplomats
3229:August 2019 Syria missile strikes
2395:Foreign relations of Saudi Arabia
1381:from the original on 13 June 2024
1336:
1116:from the original on 14 July 2022
1056:from the original on 24 June 2022
994:from the original on 21 July 2022
772:Ravid, Barak (7 September 2016).
753:from the original on 8 March 2017
678:from the original on 24 June 2022
474:from the original on 24 June 2022
5482:2020 in the United Arab Emirates
5462:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict
5429:
5417:
5405:
5393:
5381:
5369:
5357:
5345:
5333:
5303:
5302:
5286:GCC Volleyball Club Championship
5162:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict
5089:GCC Standardization Organization
5062:
4969:
4968:
4722:American Task Force on Palestine
4697:America–Israel Friendship League
4526:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict
4516:2012 US–Israel military exercise
4446:Gaza journey of MV Rachel Corrie
4103:
4093:
4047:
4046:
3995:Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition
3853:2019 Saudi Arabia mass execution
3838:2016 Saudi Arabia mass execution
3833:2011–2012 Saudi Arabian protests
3602:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict
3543:
3542:
3452:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict
3209:March 2017 Israel–Syria incident
3024:2005 Hezbollah cross-border raid
3019:2000 Hezbollah cross-border raid
2954:Iranian seizure of the MSC Aries
2388:
1611:
1473:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1427:
1147:from the original on 21 May 2023
904:from the original on 15 May 2022
846:from the original on 27 May 2022
606:"Donald Trump's New World Order"
174:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict
133:
121:
109:
97:
85:
73:
61:
5512:Bahrain–United States relations
5487:21st-century military alliances
5467:2020 in international relations
5119:Bilateral free-trade agreements
4902:Zionist Organization of America
4511:Assassination of Imad Mughniyeh
4301:February 2019 Warsaw Conference
4199:Strategic Cooperation Agreement
3785:Saudi-led intervention in Yemen
3317:2019 Israeli airstrikes in Iraq
3189:May 2013 Rif Dimashq airstrikes
3164:Assassination of Ismail Haniyeh
3103:Projectile attacks from Lebanon
3036:Assassination of Imad Mughniyeh
3014:2000–2006 Shebaa Farms conflict
1363:
1330:
1304:
1274:
1244:
1218:
1159:
1128:
1098:
1086:from the original on 3 May 2022
1068:
1037:
1025:from the original on 3 May 2022
1006:
982:Harkov, Lahav (27 March 2022).
975:
947:
916:
892:Pinkas, Alon (13 August 2021).
885:
858:
827:
796:
733:
551:from the original on 3 May 2022
214:February 2019 Warsaw Conference
186:February 2019 Warsaw conference
152:, sometimes referred to as the
5517:Iran–Israel military relations
4797:Emergency Committee for Israel
4792:Democratic Majority for Israel
4548:Joint Political Military Group
4416:2004 Tashkent suicide bombings
4161:Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs
4100:Israel–United States relations
3895:May 2019 Gulf of Oman incident
3492:Mahmoud Ahmadinejad and Israel
3096:September 2024 Lebanon strikes
1375:The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com
690:
659:
628:
570:Olson, Robert (13 June 2016).
563:
532:
486:
456:
1:
5537:Israel–Saudi Arabia relations
4747:Center for Middle East Policy
3988:Warsaw Middle East conference
3790:Houthi–Saudi Arabian conflict
3477:Warsaw Middle East conference
3337:2024 Israeli strikes on Yemen
3244:July 2022 Damascus airstrikes
3239:January 2021 Syria airstrikes
3091:Assassination of Ibrahim Aqil
3086:2024 Lebanon pager explosions
3071:2023 Israel–Lebanon shellings
1135:Gans, Jared (11 March 2023).
604:Entous, Adam (18 June 2018).
428:
5532:Iran–United States relations
5266:Gulf Ice Hockey Championship
4777:Creative Community for Peace
4752:Christians United for Israel
3746:Iranian intervention in Iraq
3628:Arab separatism in Khuzestan
3204:April 2015 Qalamoun incident
3113:Israeli–Palestinian conflict
3046:2009 Hezbollah plot in Egypt
2472:Coat of arms of Saudi Arabia
198:Israeli–Palestinian conflict
7:
5522:Iran–Saudi Arabia relations
5261:GCC Athletics Championships
2924:1999 arrest of Iranian Jews
2336:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
1434:Foreign relations of Israel
871:. Oxford University Press.
394:
10:
5598:
5457:Iran–Israel proxy conflict
5124:Migrant workers in the GCC
4922:9/11 Living Memorial Plaza
4872:Milstein Family Foundation
4827:Israel on Campus Coalition
4521:Iran–Israel proxy conflict
4483:2022 Erbil missile attacks
4231:Israel–Jordan peace treaty
4192:Palestinian autonomy talks
4035:Shia Islam in Saudi Arabia
4020:People's Mujahedin of Iran
3978:Arab League–Iran relations
3973:Iran–Israel proxy conflict
3880:2018 Riyadh missile strike
3768:Operation Blow to the Head
3322:2022 Erbil missile attacks
3302:2012 Cyprus terrorist plot
3081:2024 Haret Hreik airstrike
2898:Iran–Israel proxy conflict
422:Arab–Israeli normalization
326:In response to the recent
280:
191:
178:Iran–Israel proxy conflict
5299:
5221:
5149:
5141:Workforce nationalization
5071:
5060:
5021:
4965:
4867:Media Watch International
4707:American Jewish Committee
4654:
4613:
4501:
4366:
4187:Egypt–Israel peace treaty
4169:
4113:
4043:
3960:
3918:
3843:Execution of Nimr al-Nimr
3815:
3650:
3623:1979 Khuzestan insurgency
3608:
3568:
3563:Links to related articles
3539:
3507:Iranian support for Hamas
3432:
3345:
3327:2022 Istanbul terror plot
3275:Operation Outside the Box
3267:
3174:
3139:
3131:Operation Full Disclosure
3111:
3061:Operation Northern Shield
2982:Israeli–Lebanese conflict
2974:Hezbollah–Israel conflict
2972:
2959:Iranian strikes in Israel
2934:2024 Iran–Israel conflict
2932:
2904:
2844:
2813:
2797:
2691:
2515:
2479:
2465:
2401:
2341:International recognition
2269:Alliance of the periphery
2261:
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2192:
2131:
1945:
1718:
1620:
1609:
1440:
349:Khalid bin Bandar Al Saud
54:
42:
34:
26:
5502:Bahrain–Israel relations
5497:Gulf Cooperation Council
5015:Gulf Cooperation Council
4822:Israeli-American Council
4015:Gulf Cooperation Council
3795:Houthi takeover in Yemen
3763:Operation Scorched Earth
3682:2011 Egyptian revolution
3219:Operation House of Cards
2836:Gulf Cooperation Council
510:10.1177/0043820016673779
367:chief and generals from
359:In June 2024, IDF Chief
166:Gulf Cooperation Council
5239:Arabian Gulf rugby team
5234:Arabian Gulf Futsal Cup
5184:Qatar diplomatic crisis
4641:Israel Anti-Boycott Act
4578:Operation Tipped Kettle
4343:Indo-Abrahamic Alliance
3802:Second Libyan civil war
3741:War in Iraq (2013–2017)
3675:Qatar diplomatic crisis
3424:2023 Iran drone attacks
3347:Nuclear program of Iran
3307:2012 Burgas bus bombing
3268:International incidents
3249:2023 Damascus airstrike
3066:2019 Beirut drone crash
2964:Israeli strikes on Iran
412:Indo-Abrahamic Alliance
407:Qatar diplomatic crisis
355:Military reapproachment
328:ISIL shooting in Hadera
204:, which is involved in
5507:Bahrain–Iran relations
5208:Exercise North Thunder
5203:Peninsula Shield Force
5196:Saudi-led intervention
5167:2011 Bahraini uprising
4935:They Dare to Speak Out
4928:The Armageddon Network
4727:Anti-Defamation League
4631:Kyl–Bingaman Amendment
4573:Operation Nickel Grass
4246:The Clinton Parameters
4241:2000 Camp David Summit
3875:2017–2020 Qatif unrest
3704:First Libyan civil war
3687:2011 Bahraini uprising
3663:Action of June 5, 1984
3445:Russia–Hamas relations
2987:South Lebanon conflict
2814:Multilateral relations
2704:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2473:
298:US secretary of state
206:its own proxy conflict
154:Israeli–Sunni alliance
5281:GCC U-23 Championship
5276:GCC U-19 Championship
5271:GCC U-17 Championship
4626:Jerusalem Embassy Act
4621:Lodge–Fish Resolution
4531:Arab–Israeli alliance
4468:Zivotofsky v. Clinton
4441:Gaza Freedom Flotilla
4286:John Kerry Parameters
3910:Abqaiq–Khurais attack
3828:Khobar Towers bombing
3714:Hezbollah involvement
3697:insurgency in Bahrain
3467:Arab–Israeli alliance
3380:Mostafa Ahmadi Roshan
3365:Massoud Ali-Mohammadi
3295:2012 Bangkok bombings
3280:2009 Sudan airstrikes
3259:Hezbollah involvement
2831:Arab Peace Initiative
2471:
2243:Arab–Israeli alliance
2238:Arab–Israeli conflict
494:Totten, Michael James
470:. 23 September 2020.
150:Arab–Israeli alliance
22:Arab–Israeli alliance
5492:Geopolitical rivalry
5376:United Arab Emirates
5150:Geopolitical history
5099:Gulf Conformity mark
5054:United Arab Emirates
4389:Lod Airport massacre
4384:USS Liberty incident
4271:Annapolis Conference
4236:Wye River Memorandum
4030:Shia–Sunni relations
3952:United Arab Emirates
3807:Western Iran clashes
3729:Spillover in Lebanon
3419:2021 Natanz incident
3414:2020 Iran explosions
3360:Ardeshir Hosseinpour
3149:Gaza War (2008–2009)
3141:Gaza–Israel conflict
2673:United Arab Emirates
2320:Diplomatic missions
2299:United Arab Emirates
1927:United Arab Emirates
449:24 June 2022 at the
233:United Arab Emirates
218:Trump administration
141:United Arab Emirates
30:Unofficial coalition
5079:Dolphin Gas Project
4882:Project Interchange
4832:Israel Policy Forum
4558:Major non-NATO ally
4473:Zivotofsky v. Kerry
4256:Negroponte doctrine
3823:1987 Mecca incident
3719:Iranian involvement
3638:1979 Qatif Uprising
3404:Bid Kaneh explosion
2845:Diplomatic missions
971:– via YouTube
697:. 13 February 2019
277:Negev Summit (2022)
23:
5134:homosexuality test
4742:Bust of Golda Meir
4503:Military relations
4261:Road map for peace
4182:Camp David Accords
4025:Iran International
3865:2015 Mina stampede
3734:Axis of Resistance
3618:Iranian Revolution
3462:Axis of Resistance
3457:Ahmad Reza Djalali
3385:Mohsen Fakhrizadeh
2914:Iranian Revolution
2474:
2274:Camp David Accords
1316:The Jerusalem Post
1210:has generic name (
1050:Morocco World News
1019:Morocco World News
988:The Jerusalem Post
809:The Jerusalem Post
417:Axis of Resistance
305:Camp David Accords
21:
5321:
5320:
5315:
5314:
5114:Khaleeji currency
5084:GCC Patent Office
4981:
4980:
4807:If Americans Knew
4787:The David Project
4646:Combating BDS Act
4394:Sami Esmail trial
4379:The Apollo Affair
4059:
4058:
3919:Iranian relations
3775:Yemeni revolution
3758:Houthi insurgency
3724:Saudi involvement
3555:
3554:
2864:
2863:
2354:
2353:
1483:Equatorial Guinea
1112:. 28 March 2022.
1082:. 27 March 2022.
1044:Aamari, Oussama.
1013:Kasraoui, Safaa.
878:978-0-19-752187-8
721:Missing or empty
321:Royal Air Morocco
310:Foreign minister
146:
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38:Regional security
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5229:Arabian Gulf Cup
5191:Yemeni Civil War
5066:
5008:
5001:
4994:
4985:
4984:
4972:
4971:
4563:Operation Joshua
4404:Jonathan Pollard
4306:Trump peace plan
4204:May 17 Agreement
4114:Diplomatic posts
4108:
4107:
4098:
4097:
4086:
4079:
4072:
4063:
4062:
4050:
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3900:2019 Afif attack
3780:Yemeni civil war
3709:Syrian civil war
3595:
3588:
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3572:
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3559:
3558:
3546:
3545:
3375:Fereydoon Abbasi
3176:Syrian civil war
3159:Israel–Hamas war
3031:2006 Lebanon War
2891:
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2877:
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2393:
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2381:
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2174:Papua New Guinea
2149:Marshall Islands
1803:Kurdistan Region
1615:
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1377:. 12 June 2024.
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1318:. 9 January 2024
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1258:. 13 June 2023.
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4737:BIRD Foundation
4650:
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4568:Operation Moses
4497:
4436:Stewart Nozette
4362:
4311:Abraham Accords
4165:
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3472:Abraham Accords
3428:
3370:Majid Shahriari
3341:
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3170:
3135:
3126:Victoria Affair
3121:Karine A affair
3107:
2968:
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2900:
2895:
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2856:in Saudi Arabia
2840:
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264:Abraham Accords
249:Marshall Center
229:Abraham Accords
208:with Iran. The
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4340:
4335:
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4328:
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4318:
4308:
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4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4227:
4226:
4224:Oslo II Accord
4221:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4195:
4194:
4189:
4179:
4173:
4171:
4167:
4166:
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4057:
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4044:
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4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3991:
3990:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3964:
3962:
3961:Related topics
3958:
3957:
3955:
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3926:
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3633:Qatif conflict
3630:
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3598:
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3053:
3051:Francop Affair
3048:
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3011:
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3009:
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2789:United Kingdom
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2253:United Nations
2250:
2248:European Union
2245:
2240:
2235:
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2222:
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2196:
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2156:
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2123:United Kingdom
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1983:Czech Republic
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1949:
1947:
1943:
1942:
1940:
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1393:
1392:
1362:
1337:Ravid, Barak.
1329:
1303:
1273:
1243:
1217:
1158:
1127:
1097:
1067:
1036:
1005:
974:
946:
915:
884:
877:
857:
826:
795:
764:
732:
689:
658:
627:
610:The New Yorker
593:
562:
531:
485:
455:
432:
430:
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425:
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419:
414:
409:
404:
398:
396:
393:
356:
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336:
333:
312:Nasser Bourita
300:Antony Blinken
281:Main article:
278:
275:
193:
190:
162:Arab countries
144:
143:
58:
55:
52:
51:
46:
43:
40:
39:
36:
32:
31:
28:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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5460:
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5403:
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5391:
5389:
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5331:
5330:
5327:
5310:
5309:
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5264:
5262:
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5250:
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5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5226:
5224:
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5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5197:
5194:
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5192:
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5185:
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5177:
5173:
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5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5154:
5152:
5148:
5142:
5139:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5129:kafala system
5127:
5126:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5076:
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5070:
5065:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5026:
5024:
5022:Member states
5020:
5016:
5009:
5004:
5002:
4997:
4995:
4990:
4989:
4986:
4976:
4975:
4964:
4958:
4957:
4953:
4951:
4950:
4946:
4944:
4943:
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4937:
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4932:
4930:
4929:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
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4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
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4855:
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4778:
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4773:
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4755:
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4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4659:
4657:
4653:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
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4622:
4619:
4618:
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4612:
4604:
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4596:
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4579:
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4574:
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4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4538:Have Doughnut
4536:
4532:
4529:
4528:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4508:
4506:
4504:
4500:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4443:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4411:Rachel Corrie
4409:
4405:
4402:
4401:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4371:
4369:
4365:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4313:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4219:Oslo I Accord
4217:
4216:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4184:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4174:
4172:
4168:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4118:
4116:
4112:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4087:
4082:
4080:
4075:
4073:
4068:
4067:
4064:
4054:
4053:
4042:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3989:
3986:
3985:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3965:
3963:
3959:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3929:
3927:
3925:member states
3924:
3917:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3835:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3820:
3818:
3814:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3760:
3759:
3756:
3755:
3754:
3753:Yemeni crisis
3751:
3747:
3744:
3743:
3742:
3739:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3711:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3689:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3676:
3673:
3672:
3671:
3668:
3664:
3661:
3660:
3659:
3658:Iran–Iraq War
3656:
3655:
3653:
3649:
3639:
3636:
3635:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3620:
3619:
3616:
3615:
3613:
3611:
3607:
3603:
3596:
3591:
3589:
3584:
3582:
3577:
3576:
3573:
3567:
3560:
3550:
3549:
3538:
3532:
3531:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3508:
3505:
3504:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3446:
3443:
3442:
3441:
3438:
3437:
3435:
3431:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3398:
3395:
3394:
3393:
3390:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3357:
3356:
3353:
3352:
3350:
3348:
3344:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3296:
3293:
3292:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3272:
3270:
3266:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
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5352:Saudi Arabia
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5244:GCC Club Cup
5109:Gulf Railway
5049:Saudi Arabia
4967:
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4907:Paul Findley
4530:
4451:Furkan Doğan
4374:Jack Parsons
4353:Negev Summit
4214:Oslo Accords
4045:
3541:
3529:
3487:Little Satan
3466:
3392:AMAD Project
3007:AMIA bombing
2444:South Africa
2289:Oslo Accords
2242:
2219:Multilateral
2205:Soviet Union
2200:East Germany
1887:Saudi Arabia
1869:
1578:South Africa
1568:Sierra Leone
1383:. Retrieved
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1229:
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1208:|last2=
1188:. Retrieved
1172:The Guardian
1171:
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1149:. Retrieved
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987:
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955:
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735:
723:|title=
702:. Retrieved
692:
680:. Retrieved
671:
661:
651:14 September
649:. Retrieved
640:
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618:. Retrieved
609:
584:. Retrieved
575:
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553:. Retrieved
544:
534:
504:(2): 28–36.
501:
497:
488:
476:. Retrieved
467:
458:
385:Saudi Arabia
361:Herzi Halevi
358:
342:
338:
325:
309:
297:
287:A summit at
286:
283:Negev Summit
267:
261:
254:
222:
209:
195:
160:and various
153:
149:
147:
129:Saudi Arabia
56:Membership
18:
4892:StandWithUs
4732:BlueStar PR
4614:Legislation
4583:Safari Club
4251:Taba Summit
4177:Rogers Plan
3524:Prisoner X2
2826:Arab League
2648:South Korea
2628:Philippines
2523:Afghanistan
2231:Arab League
2164:New Zealand
2113:Switzerland
2063:Netherlands
1897:South Korea
1877:Philippines
1855:North Korea
1726:Afghanistan
1583:South Sudan
959:, i24NEWS,
363:as well as
316:Mohammed VI
49:Middle East
5446:Categories
5254:2011 Games
4543:HAVE DRILL
4348:I2U2 Group
3610:Background
2906:Background
2543:Bangladesh
2533:Azerbaijan
2346:Legitimacy
2226:Arab world
2210:Yugoslavia
2154:Micronesia
2093:San Marino
2048:Luxembourg
1820:Kazakhstan
1773:East Timor
1746:Bangladesh
1736:Azerbaijan
1573:Somaliland
1563:Seychelles
1528:Mauritania
1322:10 January
1296:27 October
1266:27 October
1236:27 October
1190:27 October
1151:27 October
819:4 February
788:4 February
704:4 February
682:20 January
620:26 January
478:4 February
429:References
343:After the
293:Yair Lapid
184:since the
5249:GCC Games
4367:Incidents
4170:Diplomacy
3816:Incidents
3651:Conflicts
2947:reactions
2805:Australia
2643:Singapore
2623:Palestine
2558:Indonesia
2329:in Israel
2324:of Israel
2262:Diplomacy
2139:Australia
2043:Lithuania
1902:Sri Lanka
1892:Singapore
1871:Palestine
1788:Indonesia
1766:Hong Kong
1710:Venezuela
1628:Argentina
1533:Mauritius
1200:cite news
1180:0261-3077
908:13 August
526:151328992
289:Sde Boker
5157:Gulf War
4842:J Street
3519:Quds Day
2734:Holy See
2663:Thailand
2618:Pakistan
2603:Maldives
2598:Malaysia
2480:Americas
2454:Tanzania
2013:Holy See
1917:Thailand
1865:Pakistan
1840:Maldives
1835:Malaysia
1756:Cambodia
1698:military
1683:Paraguay
1658:Colombia
1633:Barbados
1621:Americas
1603:Zimbabwe
1493:Ethiopia
1463:Cameroon
1458:Botswana
1379:Archived
1349:Archived
1290:Archived
1260:Archived
1184:Archived
1145:Archived
1141:The Hill
1120:28 March
1114:Archived
1110:Ynetnews
1090:28 March
1084:Archived
1080:Ynetnews
1060:28 March
1054:Archived
1029:28 March
1023:Archived
998:28 March
992:Archived
967:28 March
961:archived
939:2 August
933:Archived
902:Archived
850:23 March
844:Archived
813:Archived
782:Archived
757:13 March
748:Archived
714:cite web
676:Archived
672:BBC News
645:Archived
641:HuffPost
614:Archived
586:19 March
580:Archived
555:19 March
549:Archived
518:26369507
472:Archived
447:Archived
395:See also
210:de facto
5424:Morocco
5388:Bahrain
5326:Portals
5072:Economy
5029:Bahrain
4655:Related
4588:Stuxnet
3932:Bahrain
3433:Related
3409:Stuxnet
2798:Oceania
2784:Ukraine
2759:Romania
2724:Germany
2714:Denmark
2709:Croatia
2699:Austria
2678:Vietnam
2608:Myanmar
2593:Lebanon
2538:Bahrain
2528:Armenia
2459:Tunisia
2439:Senegal
2434:Nigeria
2429:Morocco
2409:Algeria
2316:Morocco
2304:Bahrain
2132:Oceania
2118:Ukraine
2083:Romania
2028:Ireland
2023:Iceland
2018:Hungary
2003:Germany
1993:Finland
1988:Denmark
1973:Croatia
1968:Belgium
1963:Belarus
1958:Austria
1953:Albania
1932:Vietnam
1845:Myanmar
1830:Lebanon
1778:Georgia
1741:Bahrain
1731:Armenia
1705:Uruguay
1638:Bolivia
1593:Tunisia
1553:Nigeria
1543:Namibia
1538:Morocco
1513:Liberia
1488:Eritrea
1448:Algeria
1385:13 June
1355:13 June
1286:Fortune
1256:Reuters
1230:Reuters
929:Reuters
898:Haaretz
778:Haaretz
576:LobeLog
545:JNS.org
369:Bahrain
365:CENTCOM
269:Haaretz
245:Morocco
237:Bahrain
192:History
117:Morocco
81:Bahrain
44:Region
35:Purpose
5412:Jordan
5364:Israel
5034:Kuwait
4877:NORPAC
3937:Kuwait
3530:Tehran
2779:Sweden
2769:Serbia
2764:Russia
2754:Poland
2749:Norway
2744:Kosovo
2729:Greece
2719:France
2692:Europe
2668:Turkey
2658:Taiwan
2638:Russia
2588:Kuwait
2583:Jordan
2573:Israel
2497:Mexico
2492:Canada
2487:Brazil
2402:Africa
2284:Jordan
2108:Sweden
2098:Serbia
2088:Russia
2078:Poland
2073:Norway
2058:Monaco
2038:Kosovo
2008:Greece
1998:France
1978:Cyprus
1946:Europe
1922:Turkey
1912:Taiwan
1825:Kuwait
1815:Jordan
1751:Bhutan
1678:Panama
1673:Mexico
1648:Canada
1643:Brazil
1598:Uganda
1558:Rwanda
1523:Malawi
1503:Guinea
1453:Angola
1441:Africa
1178:
875:
524:
516:
381:Jordan
243:, and
231:, the
202:Israel
158:Israel
138:
126:
114:
105:Jordan
102:
90:
78:
69:Israel
66:
5400:Egypt
5222:Sport
5044:Qatar
4802:Hibur
4399:Lekem
3947:Qatar
3921:with
2774:Spain
2739:Italy
2683:Yemen
2653:Syria
2633:Qatar
2578:Japan
2553:India
2548:China
2449:Sudan
2424:Libya
2419:Kenya
2414:Egypt
2311:Sudan
2279:Egypt
2184:Tonga
2179:Samoa
2169:Palau
2159:Nauru
2103:Spain
2053:Malta
2033:Italy
1937:Yemen
1907:Syria
1882:Qatar
1850:Nepal
1810:Japan
1783:India
1761:China
1668:Haiti
1653:Chile
1588:Sudan
1548:Niger
1518:Libya
1508:Kenya
1498:Ghana
1478:Egypt
1344:Axios
751:(PDF)
744:(PDF)
522:S2CID
514:JSTOR
389:Axios
373:Egypt
241:Sudan
172:(see
93:Egypt
5436:Asia
5340:Iran
5039:Oman
3942:Oman
2613:Oman
2568:Iraq
2563:Iran
2516:Asia
2502:Peru
2144:Fiji
1860:Oman
1798:Iraq
1793:Iran
1719:Asia
1688:Peru
1663:Cuba
1468:Chad
1387:2024
1357:2024
1324:2024
1298:2023
1268:2023
1238:2023
1212:help
1192:2023
1176:ISSN
1153:2023
1122:2022
1092:2022
1062:2022
1031:2022
1000:2022
969:2022
941:2023
910:2021
873:ISBN
852:2021
821:2021
790:2021
759:2021
727:help
706:2021
684:2020
653:2016
622:2021
588:2021
557:2021
480:2021
383:and
375:the
225:NATO
176:and
170:Iran
148:The
27:Type
3923:GCC
506:doi
502:179
377:UAE
5448::
2854:/
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