3907:
2874:
2507:
2216:
3629:
3737:
430:
3042:
47:
618:
4109:. Many African states did not attain independence until the 1960s from France after bloody insurgencies for their freedom. These struggles were settled by the imperial powers approving the form of independence given, so as a consequence almost all of these borders have remained. Some of these borders were agreed upon without consultation of those individuals that had served the colonial interests of Britain or France. One such agreement solely between Britain and France (to the exclusion of Sherif Hussein ibn Ali), signed in total secrecy until
1652:
347:
2713:
2609:
1735:, various parameters may be applied to determine whether a state or territory should be included in this alternative definition of the Arab world. These parameters may be applied to the states and territories of the Arab League (which constitute the Arab world under the standard definition) and to other states and territories. Typical parameters that may be applied include: whether Arabic is widely spoken; whether Arabic is an official or national language; or whether an Arabic cognate language is widely spoken.
4818:
3450:
1739:
4169:
3603:
7242:
4524:
585:
541:
2635:
1495:
295:
2791:
4728:(called "Morocco Espanol"), along the otherwise Moroccan coast. Overall this wave has ebbed, though like the Arab expansion north it has left its mark. The proximity of North Africa to Europe has always encouraged interaction, and this continues with Arab immigration to Europe and European interest in the Arab countries today. However, population centers and the physical fact of the sea keeps this boundary of the Arab World settled on the Mediterranean coastline.
1094:
376:
8493:
7627:
1346:
446:
230:
4237:
2432:, film production was scarce until the late 1960s and early 1970s when filmmakers began to receive funding and financial assistance from state organizations. This was during the post-independence and is when most Arab cinema took root. Most films produced at that time were funded by the state and contained a nationalistic dimension. These films helped to advance certain social causes such as independence, and other social, economic and political agendas.
1437:
269:
2661:
1968:
2817:
2765:
596:
574:
2739:
1131:
389:
3386:
1623:
1065:
563:
334:
139:
1524:
1375:
1284:
1032:
402:
243:
204:
126:
4353:
1255:
1226:
191:
178:
607:
552:
519:
1561:
308:
1681:
1594:
1466:
1313:
1164:
360:
321:
282:
217:
152:
530:
1408:
256:
4291:
2003:
1193:
165:
4205:, comprising the states in the Persian Gulf, and the Union of the Arab Maghreb (UMA), made up of North African States. The GCC has achieved some success in financial and monetary terms, including plans to establish a common currency in the Persian Gulf region. Since its foundation in 1989, the UMA's most significant accomplishment has been the establishment of a 7,000 km highway crossing North Africa from
3713:
2843:
2286:
3195:
2687:
3674:: five Persian Gulf states, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, the UAE, Kuwait, and Qatar, are among the top ten petroleum or gas exporters worldwide. In Africa, Algeria (10th world) and Libya are important gas exporters. Bahrain, Egypt, Tunisia, and Sudan all have smaller but significant reserves. Where present, these have had significant effects on regional politics, often enabling
3678:, leading to economic disparities between oil-rich and oil-poor countries, and, particularly in the more sparsely populated states of the Persian Gulf and Libya, triggering extensive labor immigration. It is believed that the Arab world holds approximately 46% of the world's total proven oil reserves and a quarter of the world's natural-gas reserves.
3515:
Morocco. In 1979, Mauritania withdrew from the conflict after signing a peace treaty with the
Polisario. The war continued in low intensity throughout the 1980s, though Morocco made several attempts to take the upper hand in 1989–1991. A cease-fire agreement was finally reached between the Polisario Front and Morocco in September 1991.
3465:(also known as the First Gulf War and by various other names) was an armed conflict between the armed forces of Iraq and Iran, lasting from September 1980 to August 1988, making it the second longest conventional war of the 20th century. It was initially referred to in English as the "Gulf War" prior to the "Gulf War" of 1990.
4767:
Southeast along the coast from
Djibouti is Somalia, but the Somali coast soon makes a 90-degree turn and heads northeast, mirroring a bend in the coast of Yemen across the water to the north and defining the south coast of the Gulf of Aden. The Somali coast then takes a hairpin turn back southwest to
3491:
was a multifaceted civil war in
Lebanon, lasting from 1975 to 1990 and resulting in an estimated 120,000 fatalities. Another one million people (a quarter of the population) were wounded, and today approximately 76,000 people remain displaced within Lebanon. There was also a mass exodus of almost one
3468:
The war began when Iraq invaded Iran, launching a simultaneous invasion by air and land into
Iranian territory on 22 September 1980 following a long history of border disputes, and fears of Shia Islam insurgency among Iraq's long-suppressed Shia majority influenced by the Iranian Revolution. Iraq was
2485:
movies theaters. Apart from the history of Arab cinema, recently the portrayal of women became an important aspect in the production of Arab cinema. Arab women shaped a great portion of the film industry in the Arab world by employing their cinematic talents in improving the production of Arab films.
4132:
The borders, which if you look on the maps of the middle-east are very straight lines, were drawn by
British and French draftsmen who sat with maps and drew the lines of the frontiers with rulers. If the ruler for some reason or other moved on the map, because of some person's hand shaking, then the
3533:
was fought in North Yemen between royalists of the
Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen and factions of the Yemen Arab Republic from 1962 to 1970. The war began with a coup d'état carried out by the republican leader, Abdullah as-Sallal, which dethroned the newly crowned Imam al-Badr and declared Yemen a
2545:
Rapists are often treated leniently or acquitted in the Arab region if they marry their victims. 37% of Arab women experienced violence in their lifetime, but the numbers may be higher according to indicators. In some countries, the share of women experiencing violence and abuse by intimate partner
2453:
While
Egyptian and Lebanese cinema have a long history of production, most other Arab countries did not witness film production until after independence, and even today, the majority of film production in countries like Bahrain, Libya, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, and the United Arab Emirates is limited to
4984:
Frishkopf: 61: "No universally accepted definition of 'the Arab world' exists, but it is generally assumed to include the twenty-two countries belonging to the Arab League that have a combined population of about 280 million (Seib 2005, 604). For the purposes of this introduction, this territorial
2266:
Overall, the gender disparity in adult literacy is high in this region, and of the illiteracy rate, women account for two-thirds, with only 69 literate women for every 100 literate men. The average GPI (Gender Parity Index) for adult literacy is 0.72, and gender disparity can be observed in Egypt,
3934:. With the exception of Lebanon, Tunisia, Iraq, Palestine, and recently Mauritania, democratic elections throughout the Arab World are generally viewed as compromised, due to outright vote rigging, intimidation of opposition parties, and severe restraints on civil liberties and political dissent.
2388:
since it includes films from various countries and cultures of the Arab world and therefore does not have one form, structure, or style. In its inception, Arab cinema was mostly an imitation of
Western cinema. However, it has and continues to constantly change and evolve. It mostly includes films
2484:
Arab cinema has explored many topics from politics, colonialism, tradition, modernity and social taboos. It has also attempted to escape from its earlier tendency to mimic and rely on
Western film devices. In fact, colonization did not only influence Arab films, but it also had an impact on Arab
4189:
The Arab states are mostly, although not exclusively, developing economies and derive their export revenues from oil and gas, or the sale of other raw materials. Recent years have seen significant economic growth in the Arab World, due largely to an increase in oil and gas prices, which tripled
3514:
While at first met with just minor resistance by the
Polisario, Morocco later engaged a long period of guerilla warfare with the Sahrawi nationalists. During the late 1970s, the Polisario Front, desiring to establish an independent state in the territory, successively fought both Mauritania and
3510:
was an armed struggle between the Sahrawi Polisario Front and Morocco between 1975 and 1991, being the most significant phase of the Western Sahara conflict. The conflict erupted after the withdrawal of Spain from the Spanish Sahara in accordance with the Madrid Accords, by which it transferred
3559:
Various factions began competing for influence in the power vacuum that followed, which precipitated an aborted UN peacekeeping attempt in the mid-1990s. A period of decentralization ensued, characterized by a return to customary and religious law in many areas as well as the establishment of
1723:
As an alternative to, or in combination with, the standard territorial definition, the Arab world may be defined as consisting of peoples and states united to at least some degree by Arabic language, culture or geographic contiguity, or those states or territories in which the majority of the
4763:
in Arabia but on average just 150 kilometers wide. Though the sea is navigable along its length, historically much contact between Arab Africa and Arab West Asia has been either overland across the Sinai or by sea across the Mediterranean or the narrow Bab al Mendeb strait. From northwest to
4041:
of Syria. The diverse Arab states generally maintained close ties but distinct national identities developed and strengthened with the social, historical and political realities of the past 60 years. This has made the idea of a pan-Arab nation-state increasingly less feasible and likely.
4685:, which has been a point of contact with Europe since its founding in the first millennium BCE; both Sicily and Malta at times have been part of the Arab World. Just across the Strait of Gibraltar from Morocco, regions of the Iberian peninsula were part of the Arab World throughout the
4645:
to the north. East along the coast from Morocco are Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya, followed by Egypt, which forms the region's, and the continent's, northeastern corner. The coast turns briefly but sharply south at Tunisia, slopes more gently southeastward through the Libyan capital of
3511:
administrative control of the territory to Morocco and Mauritania, but not the sovereignty. In 1975, Moroccan government organized the Green March of some 350,000 Moroccan citizens, escorted by around 20,000 troops, who entered Western Sahara, trying to establish Moroccan presence.
4190:
between 2001 and 2006, but also due to efforts by some states to diversify their economic base. Industrial production has risen, for example the amount of steel produced between 2004 and 2005 rose from 8.4 to 19 million tonnes. (Source: Opening speech of Mahmoud Khoudri,
4443:
1826:
all recognize Arabic as an official or working language, but none of them is a member-state of the Arab League, although both Chad and Eritrea are observer states of the League (with possible future membership) and have large populations of Arabic speakers.
4194:'s Industry Minister, at the 37th General Assembly of the Iron & Steel Arab Union, Algiers, May 2006). However even 19 million tons pa still only represents 1.7% of global steel production, and remains inferior to the production of countries like
4576:(excluding Cyprus and Israel), most of Mesopotamia (excluding parts of Turkey and Iran) and the Persian Gulf region. The peninsula is roughly a tilted rectangle that leans back against the slope of northeast Africa, the long axis pointing toward
4985:
definition is combined with a linguistic one (use of the Arabic language, or its recognition as critical to identity), and thereby extended into multiple diasporas, especially the Americas, Europe, Southeast Asia, West Africa, and Australia."
3473:, 1979) and attacked without formal warning, they made only limited progress into Iran and were quickly repelled by the Iranians who regained virtually all lost territory by June 1982. For the next six years, Iran was on the offensive.
4276:
The total GDP of all Arab countries in 1999 was US$ 531.2 billion. The total Arab world GDP was estimated to be worth at least $ 2.8 trillion in 2011. This is only smaller than the GDP of the US, China, Japan and Germany.
4456:
The term "Arab" often connotes the Arabian Peninsula, but the larger (and more populous) part of the Arab World is North Africa. Its eight million square kilometers include two of the largest countries of the African continent,
2262:
record a high adult literacy rate of over 95%. The average rate of adult literacy shows steady improvement, and the absolute number of adult illiterates fell from 64 million to around 58 million between 1990 and 2000–2004.
4158:
Without that imperial carve-up, Iraq would not be in the state it is in today...Gertrude Bell was one of two or three Britons who were instrumental in the creation of the Arab states in the Middle East that were favourable to
2369:
in 2002, 2003 and 2004. These reports, written by researchers from the Arab world, address some sensitive issues in the development of Arab countries: women empowerment, availability of education and information among others.
3579:
allies for control of the region. In 2011, a coordinated military operation between the Somali military and multinational forces began, which is believed to represent one of the final stages in the war's Islamist insurgency.
4491:
Every Arab country borders a sea or ocean, with the exception of the Arab region of northern Chad, which is completely landlocked. Iraq is actually nearly landlocked, as it has only a very narrow access to the Persian Gulf.
3863:
began to form a third force besides the classical dichotomy of Pan-Arabism vs. Pan-Islamism that had dominated the second half of the 20th century. These citizens wish for reform in their country's religious institutions.
4086:. The modern borders of Egypt, therefore, are not a creation of European powers, and are at least in part based on historically definable entities which are in turn based on certain cultural and ethnic identifications.
3836:
resulted in strained relations between many of the Arab states. After the war, a so-called "Damascus Declaration" formalized an alliance for future joint Arab defensive actions between Egypt, Syria, and the GCC states.
7453:
4622:(13–22°W). Nouakchott is the westernmost capital of the Arab World and the third-westernmost in Africa, and sits on the Atlantic fringe of the southwestern Sahara. Next south along the coast from Mauritania is
867:(Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, Syria and Turkey), Egypt and the Maghreb (Algeria, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Tunisia and Western Sahara Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic) to be part of the Arab regions.
4145:
who drew the map between Iraq and Jordan, using transparent paper. She turned to talk to somebody and as she was turning the paper moved and the ruler moved and that added considerable territory to the (new)
3981:
was another strong force in the region which peaked during the mid-20th century and was professed by many leaders in Egypt, Algeria, Libya, Syria, and Iraq. Arab Nationalist leaders of this period included
800:
of $ 2.85 trillion, as of 2021. The region is nevertheless diverse in many ways, and economically includes some of the wealthiest as well as poorest populations. The region mostly corresponds with the
7602:
7328:
3840:
A chain of events leading to the destabilization of the authoritarian regimes established during the 1950s throughout the Arab world became apparent during the early years of the 21st century. The
7395:
7612:
7568:
7556:
7488:
7429:
7385:
7340:
5932:
Worldwide, they number 1 million or so, with about 45 to 50 percent in Syria, 35 to 40 percent in Lebanon, and less than 10 percent in Israel. Recently there has been a growing Druze diaspora.
7441:
7373:
4857:
4587:
Arab North Africa comprises the entire northern third of the continent. It is surrounded by water on three sides (west, north, and east) and desert or desert scrubland on the fourth (south).
7607:
7585:
3560:
autonomous regional governments in the northern part of the country. The early 2000s saw the creation of fledgling interim federal administrations, culminating in the establishment of the
2308:
2525:, although their disenfranchisement is a critical factor crippling the Arab nations' quest to return to the first rank of global leaders in commerce, learning and culture, according to a
7273:
3620:, paired with demands for more democratic rights. The two most violent and prolonged conflicts in the aftermath of the Arab Spring are the Libyan Civil War and Syrian Civil War.
4662:
to its north, Tunisia marks the junction of western and eastern Mediterranean, and a cultural transition as well: west of Egypt begins the region of the Arab World known as the
1760:, although Arabic is not as widely spoken there. As members of the Arab League, however, they are considered part of the Arab world under the standard territorial definition.
1782:
language family. Although Arabic is widely spoken by many people in the north and urban areas in the south, Somali is the most widely used language, and contains many Arabic
4520:, and also leaving non-Arab minorities in Arab countries. However, the basic geography of sea, desert and mountain provides the enduring natural boundaries for this region.
823:. The Arab League was formed in 1945 to represent the interests of Arab people and especially to pursue the political unification of the Arab countries; a project known as
7162:(31 January 2014). "A look at recent (2013) international survey data about Arab opinion", Middle East Review of International Affairs, Vol. 17, No. 3 (Fall 2013), 57–74.
6569:
1934:
are used as lingua franca. Various indigenous languages are also spoken, which predate the spread of the Arabic language. This contrasts with the situation in the wider
3218:
The Arab League was formed in 1945 to represent the interests of the Arabs, and especially to pursue the political unification of the Arab world, a project known as
2347:
1801:, which is also an Afro-Asiatic language. The majority of the population speaks Somali and Afar, although Arabic is also widely used for trade and other activities.
5869:
4614:
make up the roughly 2,000 kilometers of Arab Atlantic coastline. The southwestern sweep of the coast is gentle but substantial, such that Mauritania's capital,
7544:
4673:
have invited contact and Arab exploration—mostly friendly, though sometimes not. Islands and peninsulas near the Arab coast have changed hands. The islands of
1812:
and French. Comorian is the most widely spoken language, with Arabic having a religious significance, and French being associated with the educational system.
1757:
4066:) have historically maintained geographically definable boundaries, on which some of the modern states are roughly based. The 14th-century Egyptian historian
998:
that aims, among other things, to consider in a general way the affairs and interests of the Arab countries and sets out the following definition of an Arab:
5705:
7266:
5851:
5478:
Tilmatine Mohand, Substrat et convergences: Le berbére et l'arabe nord-africain (1999), in Estudios de dialectologia norteaafricana y andalusi 4, pp 99–119
2143:
throughout Iraq, Syria, Palestine, Lebanon and Jordan. There are also native Arab Christian communities in Algeria, Bahrain, Morocco, Kuwait and Tunisia.
1897:
1006:
This standard territorial definition is sometimes seen to be inappropriate or problematic, and may be supplemented with certain additional elements (see
5785:
there is an estimated 20,000 to 100,000 evangelical Christians in Algeria, who practice their faith in mainly unregistered churches in the Kabyle region
8252:
4743:, and thus also between Arab Africa and Arab West Asia. This sea is a long and narrow waterway with a northwest tilt, stretching 2,300 kilometers from
953:. The majority of the vocabulary in these vernaculars is shared with Standard Arabic, but they also significantly borrow from other languages, such as
4842:
4783:
The east- and especially southeast-coast boundary of Arab Africa has historically been a gateway for maritime trade and cultural exchange with both
4046:. Arab nationalists who once opposed Islamic movements as a threat to their power, now deal with them differently for reasons of political reality.
7473:
7419:
7318:
4852:
897:
recognize Arabic as one of their official or working languages but are not included in the region because they are not members of the Arab League.
6547:
4233:
region, standing for "Middle East and North Africa", is becoming increasingly popular, especially with support from the current US administration.
7631:
7495:
7259:
2274:
than adults. Youth literacy rate (ages 15–24) in the Arab region increased from 63.9 to 76.3% from 1990 to 2002. The average rate of GCC States *
3415:
The Arab states in changing alliances were involved in a number of wars with Israel and its western allies between 1948 and 1973, including the
3226:
of 1958 to 1961. The Arab League's main goal is to unify politically the Arab populations so defined. Its permanent headquarters are located in
3469:
also aiming to replace Iran as the dominant Persian Gulf state. Although Iraq hoped to take advantage of the revolutionary chaos in Iran (see
8282:
7729:
7483:
7380:
7173:
6822:
7478:
7436:
7363:
6612:
Egypt's Bid for Arab Leadership: Implications for U.S. Policy, By Gregory L. Aftandilian, Published by Council on Foreign Relations, 1993,
3035:
1002:
An Arab is a person whose language is Arabic, who lives in an Arab country, and who is in sympathy with the aspirations of the Arab people.
816:
4042:
Additionally, an upsurge in political Islam has since led to a greater emphasis on pan-Islamic rather than pan-Arab identity amongst some
7448:
7178:
The political algebra of global value change: General models and implications for the Muslim world, with Almas Heshmati and Hichem Karoui
3740:
3254:
6587:
3906:
8237:
7665:
6462:
5620:
6657:
6038:
6006:
5748:
5068:
3567:
In 2006, the TFG, assisted by Ethiopian troops, assumed control of most of the nation's southern conflict zones from the newly formed
8232:
8362:
8292:
8257:
6675:
3053:
2555:
505:
4787:
and the subcontinent. The trade winds help explain the presence of the Comoros islands, an Arab-African country, off the coast of
4626:, whose abrupt border belies the gradient in culture from Arab to indigenous African that historically characterizes this part of
3556:. It began in 1991, when a coalition of clan-based armed opposition groups ousted the nation's long-standing military government.
8222:
7223:
3977:. Historical divisions, competing local nationalisms, and geographical sprawl were major reasons for the failure of Pan-Arabism.
417:
5289:
4641:, the thirteen kilometer wide channel that connects the Mediterranean with the Atlantic to the west, and separates Morocco from
7734:
6923:
6375:
5768:
5740:
5208:
Jastrow, Otto O. (2006), "Iraq", in Versteegh, Kees; Eid, Mushira; Elgibali, Alaa; Woidich, Manfred; Zaborski, Andrzej (eds.),
4101:, usually chosen by the same imperial powers that for some drew the new borders, for services rendered to European powers like
2873:
2191:
859:(Bahrain, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates and Yemen). He also considered Iraq, alongside
7185:
7137:
7097:
7043:
6992:
6952:
6931:
6866:
6797:
6204:
5221:
5132:
5025:
3930:: Bahrain, Jordan, Kuwait, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. The other Arab countries are all
2439:
when other parts of the Arab world had only been able to sporadically produce feature-length films due to limited financing.
7860:
5947:
5856:
Converted Moroccans — most of them secret worshippers, of whom there are estimated to be anywhere between 5,000 and 40,000 —
4182:
As of 2006, the Arab world accounts for two-fifths of the gross domestic product and three-fifths of the trade of the wider
7900:
5330:
4837:
3211:
7125:
Language and change in the Arab Middle East: the evolution of modern political discourse Studies in Middle Eastern history
2506:
8272:
8217:
5797:
4862:
3871:
of 2000 to 2001 heralded the possibility of democratic change, but the Baathist regime managed to suppress the movement.
3704:
had been active in Egypt since 1928, their militant actions were limited to assassination attempts on political leaders.
6633:
4720:, controlled the east of the region for centuries, though not as a colonizer. Spain still maintains two small enclaves,
1942:
is used and Arabic is the primary liturgical language, but the tongue is not official at the state level or spoken as a
8212:
6407:
6302:
5052:
2239:
2210:
4764:
southeast, Egypt, Sudan, and Eritrea form the African coastline, with Djibouti marking Bab al Mendeb's African shore.
8354:
8277:
7152:
7076:
7014:
6974:
6898:
6744:
6617:
6510:
6476:
6164:
5925:
5900:
5877:
5832:
5438:
5097:
4696:
The northern boundary of the African Arab world has also fluttered briefly in the other direction, first through the
4400:
4334:
3092:
2334:
2175:
6355:
4382:
4316:
8522:
8142:
8134:
7798:
1019:
984:
746:
435:
2446:. Three quarters of all Arab movies are produced in Egypt. According to film critic and historian Roy Armes, the
5570:
3561:
7880:
8302:
8064:
7658:
7112:
6700:
4930:
4378:
4301:
4202:
3970:
3169:
3088:
3076:
1913:
723:
99:
17:
7124:
3659:
deposits in the 1930s, coupled with the vastly increased demand for petroleum in the west as a result of the
3432:
3072:
2366:
2275:
7870:
7850:
7830:
4500:
The political borders of the Arab world have wandered, leaving Arab minorities in non-Arab countries of the
3176:, apart from brief intermittent Persian and Portuguese rule, has been self-governing since the 8th century.
2481:
are making wider and more frequent rounds than ever before in local film festivals and repertoire theaters.
8247:
8207:
8197:
7746:
5852:"'House-Churches' and Silent Masses —The Converted Christians of Morocco Are Praying in Secret – VICE News"
4996:
4251:
As of August 2009 it was reported that Saudi Arabia is the strongest Arab economy according to World Bank.
3875:
3756:
3660:
3084:
801:
7763:
7211:
4058:
imperial powers during the 19th and early 20th century. However, some of the larger states (in particular
2215:
8557:
8372:
8202:
8192:
7068:
7035:
5634:
4669:
Historically the 4,000-kilometer Mediterranean boundary has fluttered. Population centers north of it in
4565:
The Arab world straddles two continents, Africa and Asia. It is mainly oriented along an east–west axis.
4414:
4374:
3849:
3572:
3534:
republic under his presidency. The Imam escaped to the Saudi Arabian border and rallied popular support.
3265:
3158:
3115:
2881:(also called the Mosque of Uqba) was founded in 670 by the Arab general and conqueror Uqba ibn Nafi. The
2450:
is the only other in the Arabic-speaking region, beside Egypt's, that could amount to a national cinema.
2132:
6962:
The Middle East: Unity and diversity: Papers from the second Nordic conference on Middle Eastern studies
6959:
Kronholm, Tryggve (1993). "Arab culture: Reality or fiction?". In Palva, Heikki; Vikør, Knut S. (eds.).
6318:
Asfour, Nana (2000). "The Politics of Arab Cinema: Middle Eastern Filmmakers Face up to Their Reality".
4423:
and the part of North-East Africa and South-West Asia. The eastern part of the Arab world is called the
8343:
8336:
8267:
7946:
7708:
7129:
4257:
remains the top Arab economy in terms of total GDP. It is Asia's eleventh largest economy, followed by
4419:
The Arab World stretches across more than 13,000,000 square kilometres (5,000,000 sq mi) of
8527:
8496:
8297:
8187:
8084:
7773:
7751:
7651:
7228:
6890:
6227:
3416:
3405:
3380:
3364:
3235:
2902:
2171:
1399:
3736:
8562:
8552:
7805:
4958:
4944:
4363:
3911:
3297:
3162:
2998:
2316:
2312:
2296:
1056:
113:
3781:
as a "flawed democracy" and all other Arab states as "authoritarian regimes". Similarly, the 2011
3628:
2064:, Ismailite pockets are also found in the eastern Al-Hasa region and the southern city of Najran.
8532:
8458:
8377:
8162:
7411:
4367:
4312:
3501:
2948:
2518:
2501:
2271:
1893:
1831:
6502:
Ancient Levantine Arabic: A Reconstruction Based on the Earliest Sources and the Modern Dialects
3222:. There were some short-lived attempts at such unification in the mid-20th century, notably the
1797:. It also has several formally recognized national languages; besides Somali, many people speak
753:, an international organization, which on top of the 19 plurality Arab states also includes the
7885:
7424:
7301:
7237:
Information and resources relating to energy, environment, and sustainability in the Arab world
6814:
6653:
5156:
4106:
3616:
of late 2010 to the present have been directed against authoritarian leadership and associated
3606:
3045:
2934:
2178:
between 1948 and 1972. Today small Jewish communities remain, ranging anywhere from just 10 in
1919:
1753:
916:
808:
797:
6591:
8542:
8443:
8177:
8172:
8049:
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7840:
7810:
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5713:
5042:
5015:
4117:. Another influential document written without the consensus of the local population was the
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3841:
3729:
3530:
3524:
2421:. Egypt is a pioneer in the field, but each country in the region has its own unique cinema.
1779:
995:
6432:
5617:
4772:
winds blow from up equatorial Somalia, past Arabia and over the small Yemeni archipelago of
3655:, the economic and geopolitical situation changed dramatically after the discovery of large
2457:
There is increased interest in films originating in the Arab world. For example, films from
8537:
8478:
8448:
8408:
8403:
8307:
8182:
8019:
6850:
Influences of culture on the styles of business behaviour between Western and Arab managers
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5999:
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4245:
4151:
4011:
3974:
3617:
3568:
3223:
3147:
3111:
2857:
2267:
Morocco, and Yemen. Above all, the GPI of Yemen is only 0.46 in a 53% adult literacy rate.
1657:
617:
352:
3241:
Pan-Arabism has mostly been abandoned as an ideology since the 1980s, and was replaced by
2488:
The production of Arab cinema has declined in the last decades and many filmmakers in the
983:
Although no globally accepted definition of the Arab world exists, all countries that are
8:
8517:
8468:
7825:
7758:
7251:
6779:
6440:
5656:
4638:
4118:
3855:
A growing class of young, educated, secular citizens with access to modern media such as
3794:
3320:
3185:
3107:
3064:
2951:
was conquered in 639, and gradually Arabized during the medieval period. A distinctively
2933:) and northern Arabia. Their expansion beyond Arabia and the Syrian desert is due to the
2470:
2123:
enclaves exist in the Nile Valley, Levant and northern Iraq respectively. There are also
1939:
1931:
1742:
920:
6682:
1985:
Please help update this section to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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4473:, the largest state in the United States. The largest country in the Arab West Asia is
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While the Arab world had been of limited interest to the European colonial powers, the
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1900:. Additionally, Malta, though not part of the Arab world, has as its official language
1857:
1849:
1442:
274:
46:
8089:
4229:. In recent years a new term has been coined to define a greater economic region: the
1980:
8433:
8124:
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7974:
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7347:
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as music and media in the Arab world: A metadiscourse". In Frishkopf, Michael (ed.).
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860:
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774:
7027:
Instant nationalism: McArabism, al-Jazeera and transnational media in the Arab world
5772:
5271:
Simeone-Sinelle, Marie-Claude (2005). "Arabic Lingua Franca in the Horn of Africa".
4465:(1.9 million km) in the southeast. Algeria is about three-quarters the size of
4308:
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joined a multinational coalition that opposed Iraq. Displays of support for Iraq by
2608:
2304:
742:
8367:
8074:
8039:
8009:
8004:
7979:
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7147:. Rev., with a new preface. Cambridge, Eng.: Cambridge University Press. x, 406 p.
7031:
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6353:
Gender equality in Arab world critical for progress and prosperity, UN report warns
6256:
6152:
6118:
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5213:
4241:
4217:. The central stretch of the highway, expected to be completed in 2010, will cross
3978:
3752:
3597:
3593:
3549:
3543:
3457:(1980–1988) killed more than 500,000 people before a UN-brokered ceasefire ended it
3207:
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The southern boundary of Arab North Africa is the strip of scrubland known as the
3898:
For the states and territories constituting the Arab world, see definition above.
3319:
since 1893 following the disintegration of the Second Saudi State and the rise of
8418:
8387:
8382:
8227:
8167:
8114:
8044:
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5624:
4748:
4038:
4019:
4015:
3987:
3887:
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3324:
3203:
3139:
3063:, much of the Arab world came to be controlled by the European colonial empires:
2952:
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According to the United Nations, 14% of Arab girls are married by the age of 18.
2522:
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2140:
2124:
2116:
1794:
1767:
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1718:
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1041:
958:
874:
848:
699:
638:
6908:
Frishkopf, Michael (2010). "Introduction: Music and media in the Arab world and
4817:
4693:
and leaving a substantial mark on local and wider European and Western culture.
3099:, a British protectorate formed by the sheikhdoms on the former "Pirate Coast".
1979:. The reason given is: Relating to the Arab world survey conducted by the BBC. (
8423:
8262:
8157:
8152:
8119:
8109:
8099:
8069:
7994:
7984:
7865:
7793:
7688:
7117:
6940:
6762:
6530:
5344:
4908:
4705:
4647:
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4110:
4034:
3999:
3883:
3717:
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3005:
2945:(modern Syria, Israel, Palestine, Jordan and Lebanon ) between 636 and 640 CE.
2882:
2878:
2526:
2362:
2235:
820:
811:, the Arab world was synonymous with the historic Arab empires and caliphates.
766:
6087:
5801:
3945:
sought to unite all Arabic-speaking countries into one political entity. Only
2024:
law exists partially in the legal system in some countries (especially in the
8511:
8428:
8054:
8034:
7969:
7921:
7835:
7523:
7006:
6775:
6630:
6331:
6268:
6130:
6095:
5966:
Harper and Yuow, 1970, quote on page 38. The brackets are displayed by Lewis.
5749:"Majority and Minorities in the Arab World: The Lack of a Unifying Narrative"
5448:
5301:
5142:
5069:"Majority and Minorities in the Arab World: The Lack of a Unifying Narrative"
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4142:
4083:
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in the 13th century. Egypt, the Levant and Hejaz also came under the Turkish
2978:
2930:
2155:
2112:
1935:
1841:
1798:
1725:
882:
731:
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5562:
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30:
This article is about geographical region. For the geopolitical entity, see
8463:
8104:
7964:
7959:
7815:
7741:
7693:
7563:
7368:
7335:
6876:
6785:
6297:(New rev. ed.). Cairo, Egypt: The American University in Cairo Press.
5736:
4867:
4823:
4796:
4474:
4420:
4266:
4254:
4183:
4098:
4043:
3991:
3938:
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3685:
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3667:
3316:
3293:
3242:
3154:
3103:
2425:
2219:
2108:
2076:
2061:
1500:
912:
778:
695:
584:
540:
300:
7241:
6748:
5122:
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The culture of Sudan today depends on the tribe, some have a pure Nubian,
2634:
474:
8079:
7936:
7783:
7778:
7724:
7703:
7597:
7580:
6854:
6352:
6156:
5087:
5041:
Mellor, Noha; Rinnawi, Khalil; Dajani, Nabil; Ayish, Muhammad I. (2013).
4847:
4784:
4686:
4633:
Arab Africa's boundary to the north is again a continental boundary, the
4627:
3942:
3636:
3613:
3589:
3424:
3420:
3331:, the Al Saud dynasty's former capital. He went on to subdue the rest of
3268:
was a 30-year-long military and political campaign, by which the various
3219:
3060:
2974:
2898:
2868:
2790:
2752:
2561:
2492:
gathered to hold a meeting and discuss the current state of Arab cinema.
2489:
2429:
2385:
2379:
2033:
2006:
1756:
is official in all of them. Several states have declared Arabic to be an
988:
978:
907:
824:
796:, the Arab world has a total population of 456 million inhabitants and a
770:
750:
706:, there are also significant populations of other ethnic groups such as
464:
31:
6339:
2962:
was also conquered in the 7th century, and gradually Arabized under the
1731:
When an ancillary linguistic definition is used in combination with the
8014:
7926:
7855:
7575:
7310:
6966:
6276:
5975:
5771:. Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada. 30 June 2015. Archived from
5186:
4792:
4788:
4655:
4615:
4611:
4607:
4480:
At the other extreme, the smallest autonomous mainland Arab country is
4236:
4206:
4067:
3923:
3790:
3648:
3390:
2926:
2914:
2778:
2726:
2045:
2029:
1943:
1771:
1351:
840:
793:
600:
556:
478:
451:
235:
5181:
4858:
List of countries and territories where Arabic is an official language
2816:
2764:
2660:
2242:. In Mauritania the rate is lower than the average, at less than 50%.
2146:
Smaller ethno-religious minorities across the Arab League include the
2103:. Small native Christian communities can be found also throughout the
7698:
7551:
7513:
7323:
5839:. In all an estimated 40,000 Moroccans have converted to Christianity
5428:
4528:
4265:, which were the second and third largest economies in Africa, after
4168:
3689:
3656:
3632:
3273:
2918:
2738:
2223:
2163:
2128:
1927:
1873:
1834:
may concurrently be considered a constituent part of the Arab world.
1783:
781:
in the southeast. The eastern part of the Arab world is known as the
7167:
6708:
6260:
4352:
4319:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
3700:
became a problem in the Arab world in the 1970s to 1980s. While the
8438:
8147:
7643:
7201:
7060:
6500:
5870:"'Christians Enjoy Religious Freedom': Church-State ties excellent"
4756:
4697:
4690:
4689:, extending the northern boundary at times to the foothills of the
4682:
4651:
4537:
3931:
3927:
3860:
3845:
3813:
3681:
2963:
2922:
2886:
2674:
2315:
external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into
1790:
1136:
864:
758:
394:
7053:
Sullivan, Earl L.; Ismael, Jacqueline S., eds. (1991). "Preface".
4654:, before turning straight east again through Egypt's second city,
7092:. Abu Dhabi: Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research.
7064:
6858:
4773:
4769:
4732:
4725:
4663:
4623:
4619:
4595:
4485:
4481:
4458:
4448:
4431:
4425:
4262:
4226:
4222:
4218:
4191:
4079:
4070:, for instance, defines Egypt's boundaries as extending from the
3962:
3806:
3798:
3786:
3778:
3766:
3725:
3693:
3553:
3385:
3277:
3143:
3131:
3102:
These Arab states only gained their independence during or after
3009:
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2890:
2622:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2394:
2355:
2351:
2243:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2147:
2136:
2088:
2049:
2041:
2021:
2010:
2002:
1930:), serves as an official language in the Arab League states, and
1869:
1819:
1805:
1763:
1628:
1529:
1380:
1289:
1099:
1070:
1037:
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936:
890:
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491:
407:
381:
339:
248:
209:
144:
131:
94:
6074:
Ghareeb, Shirin (September 1997). "An overview of Arab cinema".
5017:
Everyday Arab Identity: The Daily Reproduction of the Arab World
737:
The Arab world is at its minimum defined as the 19 states where
702:. While the majority of people in the Arab world are ethnically
4736:
4717:
4701:
4674:
4670:
4581:
4577:
4573:
4513:
4509:
4470:
4195:
4128:, Efraim Halevy, now a director at the Hebrew University said,
4125:
4094:
4055:
3915:
3829:
3802:
3712:
3576:
3575:, which have since been fighting the Somali government and its
3401:
3360:
3328:
3013:
2942:
2929:, and numerous other groups were prevalent in southern Levant (
2906:
2842:
2804:
2648:
2406:
2259:
2251:
2231:
2151:
2096:
2057:
1951:
1889:
1885:
1823:
1260:
1231:
925:
894:
727:
589:
562:
545:
196:
183:
4141:
There was a famous story about a British consul, a lady named
3034:
arose in the second half of the 19th century along with other
815:
arose in the second half of the 19th century along with other
27:
Geographical and cultural region in Africa and the Middle East
8242:
6919:
4803:
4777:
4760:
4744:
4721:
4713:
4709:
4678:
4659:
4642:
4501:
4466:
4462:
4270:
4258:
4214:
4210:
4176:
4172:
4097:
were placed as semi-autonomous rulers over the newly created
4075:
4063:
4059:
3966:
3958:
3954:
3946:
3926:
are represented in the Arab World: Some of the countries are
3821:
3817:
3744:
3368:
3367:
from 1927 until it was further consolidated with Al-Hasa and
3356:
3352:
3348:
3269:
3231:
3227:
2967:
2830:
2700:
2596:
2511:
2443:
2436:
2398:
2390:
2255:
2159:
2084:
2080:
2065:
2053:
2017:
1947:
1877:
1845:
1830:
Israel is not a part of the Arab world. By some definitions,
1686:
1599:
1566:
1471:
1318:
1169:
905:
The linguistic and political denotation inherent in the term
870:
711:
703:
622:
611:
606:
567:
551:
523:
518:
495:
365:
326:
313:
287:
222:
157:
6722:
6468:, éd. Continuum International Publishing Group, 2006, p. 248
6466:
Tracing the Way: Spiritual Dimensions of the World Religions
4931:"Population density (people per sq. km of land area) | Data"
4768:
complete the horn of Africa. For six months of the year the
3571:(ICU). The ICU splintered into more radical groups, notably
3363:) between 1913 and 1926. The resultant polity was named the
3300:, this process created what is sometimes referred to as the
3157:
had fragmented with the fall of the Ottoman Empire, and was
991:
are generally acknowledged as being part of the Arab world.
4832:
4740:
4681:
lie just a hundred kilometers east of the Tunisian city of
4666:
include (Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco and Mauritania).
4517:
4230:
4090:
4054:
Many of the modern borders of the Arab World were drawn by
3950:
3809:
as "partly free", and all other Arab states as "not free".
3770:
3344:
3332:
3234:
during the 1980s, after Egypt was expelled for signing the
3173:
2938:
2686:
2402:
2167:
2092:
2069:
2037:
1938:, where, in contiguous Iran, Pakistan and Afghanistan, the
1865:
1837:
1815:
1413:
1198:
1023:
886:
738:
529:
261:
170:
7281:
7234:
5893:
Religion and Contemporary Politics: A Global Encyclopedia
5331:
Georgetown University-Center for Contemporary Arab Studies
4484:(10,452 km), and the smallest island Arab country is
4429:. Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Libya and Mauritania are the
4201:
The main economic organisations in the Arab World are the
3812:
The invasion of Kuwait by Iraq forces, led to the 1990–91
2166:(in Iraq). Formerly, there were significant minorities of
2020:, and the religion has official status in most countries.
694:, comprises a large group of countries, mainly located in
7217:
5092:. Philip K. Hitti. Washington, D.C.: Regnery Publishing.
4618:(18°N, 16°W), is far enough west to share longitude with
4442:
2348:
Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (GCC)
2276:
Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (GCC)
1904:. The language is grammatically akin to Maghrebi Arabic.
1861:
6815:"Poking at the Beast: How much is the Arab world worth?"
6525:
Bechtold, Peter R (1991). "More Turbulence in Sudan" in
5040:
3027:
also held sway in the southern part of the Horn region.
2977:, or Arabic culture and some have a mixture of Arab and
745:
of the population. At its maximum it consists of the 22
5606:
Africa contemporary record: annual survey and documents
5127:(First paperback ed.). New York, NY: Basic Books.
5044:
Arab Media: Globalization and Emerging Media Industries
3245:
on one hand, and individual nationalisms on the other.
3172:
also seceded directly from the Ottoman Empire in 1918.
7160:
A Look at International Survey Data About Arab Opinion
6654:"Arab Nationalism: Mistaken Identity by Martin Kramer"
6109:
Elgamal, Amal (3 April 2014). "Cinema and its image".
4461:(2.4 million km) in the center of the region and
4124:
As former director of the Israeli intelligence agency
2560:
Table of largest cities in the Arab world by official
6548:"E. African Nations Back Kenyan Offensive in Somalia"
2495:
6965:. Nordic proceedings in Asian studies. Vol. 5.
4959:"GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$ ) | Data"
4813:
4658:, at the mouth of the Nile. Along with the spine of
1724:
population speaks Arabic, and thus may also include
1698:
1669:
1640:
1611:
1578:
1541:
1512:
1483:
1454:
1425:
1392:
1363:
1330:
1301:
1272:
1243:
1210:
1181:
1148:
1111:
1082:
1049:
680:
663:
646:
7180:(1st ed.). Nova Science Publishers, New York.
6882:
War of visions: Conflict of identities in the Sudan
6681:. Los Angeles World Affairs Council. Archived from
4637:. This boundary begins in the west with the narrow
4029:Later and current Arab Nationalist leaders include
2016:The majority of people in the Arab world adhere to
1981:
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-48703377
1898:
European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages
1013:
8253:General Military Council for Iraqi Revolutionaries
6745:"World Bank: Saudi Arabia, strongest Arab economy"
6173:
5918:Middle East Patterns: Places, People, and Politics
3296:was proclaimed. Carried out under the charismatic
2162:(mainly in Syria and also in Lebanon, Jordan) and
4843:Arabic language influence on the Spanish language
3670:is particularly well-endowed with this strategic
3059:When the Ottoman Empire collapsed as a result of
2299:may not follow Knowledge's policies or guidelines
2072:, where Ibadis constitute around 75% of Muslims.
1950:constitute around one quarter of the 1.5 billion
8509:
6295:Arab cinema : history and cultural identity
6251:Hennebelle, Guy (November 1976). "Arab Cinema".
6181:Arab Filmmakers of the Middle East: a Dictionary
5976:Global Education Monitoring Report Team (2015).
5608:, Volume 13, (Africana Pub. Co.: 1985), p.B-116.
5396:
5394:
5367:
5365:
4853:International Association of Arabic Dialectology
4806:that crosses the continent south of the Sahara.
4590:In the west, it is bounded by the shores of the
4273:is the richest developing country in the world.
3886:and to establish democratic reforms and greater
3036:nationalisms within the declining Ottoman Empire
2435:A sustained film industry was able to emerge in
6590:. Freedomhouse.org. 10 May 2004. Archived from
5595:, (Center for Applied Linguistics: 1993), p.15.
5430:The best divisions for knowledge of the regions
5273:Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics
5210:Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics
4650:, and bumps north through Libya's second city,
2032:. The majority of the Arab countries adhere to
7052:
5827:. University of Cambridge Press. p. 253.
5161:World101 from the Council on Foreign Relations
4700:and later through the imperial involvement of
4508:as well as in the Middle Eastern countries of
3973:considered the short-lived unification of the
3751:Today, Arab states are characterized by their
3259:
1778:. Both Arabic and Somali belong to the larger
1752:are spoken in a number of Arab League states,
57:13,132,327 km (5,070,420 sq mi)
8283:Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine
7730:Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine
7659:
7267:
7002:Nasserist ideology: its exponents and critics
5980:(Report). UNESCO. ED/EFA/MRT/2015/RO/02 REV 2
5825:Al-Maghred, the Barbary Lion: A Look at Islam
5391:
5362:
4780:. They then switch directions and blow back.
3292:, between 1902 and 1932, when the modern-day
2970:from Egypt during the 8th to 11th centuries.
2079:adherents in the Arab world, particularly in
885:), is not included in the region. Similarly,
7145:Arabic Thought in the Liberal Age, 1798–1939
6669:
6667:
6541:
6539:
5563:"Somaliland Republic : Country Profile"
5426:
4469:, or about one-and-a-half times the size of
3312:states that existed under the Al Saud clan.
3008:controlled most of the Arab world. However,
2984:
944:
930:
674:
657:
5728:
5530:
5528:
5504:: a handbook, (Greenwood Press: 2007), p.1.
5290:"Why the Arab world has an identity crisis"
4980:
4978:
4976:
4974:
4972:
4970:
4968:
4799:, the southernmost part of the Arab World.
4381:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
3255:List of modern conflicts in the Middle East
3179:
837:Best Divisions for Knowledge of the Regions
7666:
7652:
7274:
7260:
6812:
6250:
6196:Arab Cinema: History and Cultural Identity
5790:
5706:"How Many Muslims Are There in the World?"
5676:
5591:Diana Briton Putman, Mohamood Cabdi Noor,
4903:
4901:
3614:popular protests throughout the Arab world
3495:
3371:into the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 1932.
1402:is the second official language (minority)
1220:is the second official language (minority)
1059:is the second official language (minority)
45:
7214:— Directories of all Arab world countries
6907:
6664:
6536:
6498:
6076:Critique: Critical Middle Eastern Studies
5769:"Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada"
5427:al-Muqaddasī, Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad (2001).
5320:
5318:
4568:The West Asian Arab region comprises the
4401:Learn how and when to remove this message
4335:Learn how and when to remove this message
4082:in the east and the oases of the Western/
3893:
2442:Arabic cinema is dominated by films from
2335:Learn how and when to remove this message
1732:
1007:
8363:Coat of arms of the United Arab Republic
8293:Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation
8258:Independence Party (Mandatory Palestine)
7056:The contemporary study of the Arab world
6958:
6545:
5525:
5481:
5402:"Arab League Warns of Civil War in Iraq"
5013:
4965:
4716:. Another visitor from northern shores,
4522:
4495:
4441:
4235:
4167:
3905:
3735:
3711:
3627:
3601:
3552:is an ongoing civil war taking place in
3518:
3448:
3384:
3374:
3193:
3040:
2872:
2556:List of largest cities in the Arab world
2505:
2214:
2170:throughout the Arab World. However, the
2001:
1737:
8238:Ba'ath Party (Syrian-dominated faction)
8223:Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order
7113:Imperialism and Class in the Arab World
7023:
6846:
6629:Boms, Nir Tuvia and Hussein Aboubakr.
6108:
6073:
5684:"Hassaniyya – A language of Mauritania"
5207:
4898:
4269:, in 2006. In terms of GDP per capita,
3859:(since 1996) and communicating via the
3688:were on the rise during the 1980s. The
3230:. However, it was moved temporarily to
1840:has about 1.5 million Arabic speakers.
1793:has two official languages, Arabic and
1766:has two official languages, Arabic and
1712:
972:
935:"everyday/colloquial language") in the
14:
8510:
8233:Ba'ath Party (Iraqi-dominated faction)
7282:Geographical distribution of languages
7172:
6998:
6924:The American University in Cairo Press
6673:
6317:
6292:
6288:
6286:
6192:
5867:
5822:
5735:
5593:The Somalis: their history and culture
5373:"Arab League Sends Delegation to Iraq"
5324:
5315:
4997:"The Arab World – an Arab perspective"
3901:
3202:(center) receiving Algerian president
2955:language emerged by the 16th century.
2913:. Arab tribes and federations such as
2199:practices of slavery in the Arab world
1808:has three official languages: Arabic,
7647:
7255:
6985:Africa: A Biography of the Continent.
6969:: Nordic Institute of Asian Studies.
6774:
6698:
6660:from the original on 25 October 2009.
6370:
6368:
6246:
6244:
6146:
6142:
6140:
6069:
6067:
6065:
6063:
6061:
6059:
5937:
5710:About.com Religion & Spirituality
5598:
5120:
5085:
3476:
1514:al-Mamlakah al-‘Arabīyah as-Sa‘ūdīyah
7673:
6875:
6676:"Winds of Change in the Middle East"
6460:
5915:
5890:
4838:List of Arab countries by population
4379:adding citations to reliable sources
4346:
4284:
4244:is one of the seven emirates of the
4049:
2279:
1961:
1671:al-Imārāt al-‘Arabīyah al-Muttaḥidah
8273:National Liberation Front (Algeria)
7090:French Policy toward the Arab World
6546:Heinlein, Peter (22 October 2011).
6283:
5861:
5753:Jerusalem Center For Public Affairs
5611:
5463:Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic
5329:. Washington, D.C., United States:
5073:Jerusalem Center For Public Affairs
4863:List of Muslim states and dynasties
4163:
3537:
3327:clan. In 1902, Ibn Saud recaptured
3248:
3023:in the 16th to 17th centuries. The
2885:is located in the historic city of
2238:(ages 15 and older) in this region
1694:
1665:
1636:
1607:
1574:
1537:
1508:
1479:
1450:
1421:
1388:
1359:
1326:
1297:
1268:
1239:
1206:
1177:
1144:
1107:
1078:
1045:
945:
931:
852:
675:
658:
642:
24:
8213:Arab Socialist Union Party (Syria)
7735:1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine
7104:
6527:Sudan: State and Society in Crisis
6413:from the original on 30 March 2004
6365:
6311:
6241:
6186:
6137:
6056:
5741:"Arab Christians: An Introduction"
5157:"Middle East – People and Society"
2532:
2496:Gender equality and women's rights
2384:There is no single description of
2270:Literacy rate is higher among the
2211:Higher Education in the Arab World
2028:), while others are legislatively
25:
8574:
8278:Palestine Liberation Organization
7195:
6915:Music and media in the Arab world
6910:Music and media in the Arab world
5743:. Arabic Bible Outreach Ministry.
5573:from the original on 2 March 2001
3707:
3410:unresolved geopolitical conflicts
3315:The Al-Saud had been in exile in
3093:Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon
2549:
919:is used by the government. Local
8492:
8491:
8218:Arabian Peninsula People's Union
7901:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict
7626:
7625:
7240:
6947:Cambridge, Mass.: Warner Books.
6825:from the original on 11 May 2011
6723:"World Steel Association – Home"
6699:Royle, Trevor (3 January 2016).
6674:Halevy, Efraim (16 April 2015).
6199:. American Univ in Cairo Press.
6044:from the original on 5 June 2007
6032:"Regional overview: Arab States"
6012:from the original on 5 June 2007
6000:"Regional overview: Arab States"
5089:The Arabs : a short history
4994:
4816:
4351:
4289:
4113:released the full text, was the
3438:
2862:
2841:
2815:
2789:
2763:
2737:
2711:
2685:
2659:
2633:
2607:
2373:
2284:
1966:
1726:populations of the Arab diaspora
1679:
1650:
1621:
1592:
1559:
1522:
1493:
1464:
1435:
1406:
1373:
1344:
1311:
1282:
1253:
1224:
1191:
1162:
1129:
1125:are the other official languages
1092:
1063:
1030:
1020:Member states of the Arab League
1014:Member states of the Arab League
915:considerations. In Arab states,
765:. The region stretches from the
616:
605:
594:
583:
572:
561:
550:
539:
528:
517:
444:
436:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
428:
400:
387:
374:
358:
345:
332:
319:
306:
293:
280:
267:
254:
241:
228:
215:
202:
189:
176:
163:
150:
137:
124:
7861:November 1963 Iraqi coup d'état
6813:El-Shenawi, Eman (5 May 2011).
6806:
6768:
6765:, GDP by country classification
6755:
6737:
6715:
6692:
6646:
6623:
6606:
6580:
6562:
6519:
6492:
6454:
6425:
6401:"Demographia World Urban Areas"
6393:
6346:
6220:
6102:
6024:
5992:
5969:
5956:
5909:
5884:
5844:
5816:
5761:
5698:
5649:
5640:
5585:
5555:
5546:
5537:
5516:
5507:
5494:
5472:
5455:
5420:
5337:
5282:
5265:
5253:
5241:
5229:
5201:
5174:
5149:
5114:
5079:
5061:
4594:. From northeast to southwest,
4137:He went on to give an example,
4133:frontier moved (with the hand).
3647:being mostly interested in the
3562:Transitional Federal Government
3393:on October 7, 1973, during the
3389:Egyptian vehicles crossing the
3304:, to differentiate it from the
3012:remained under the rule of the
2060:have large Shia minorities. In
1907:
1848:, a southwestern region in the
1733:standard territorial definition
1588:is the second official language
1008:ancillary linguistic definition
855:) to refer to the lands of the
839:, 10th century Arab geographer
8303:Union of Arab Republics (1972)
8065:Hussein bin Ali, King of Hejaz
6945:A History of the Arab Peoples.
6588:"Freedom House Country Report"
6362:, E-joussour (21 October 2008)
5978:Regional overview: Arab States
5034:
5014:Phillips, Christopher (2012).
5007:
4988:
4951:
4937:
4923:
4880:
4203:Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)
4078:in the south; and between the
3692:, a militant Islamic party in
3583:
3404:in 1948 has given rise to the
3214:in Alexandria, September 1964.
3170:Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen
3077:French protectorate of Morocco
2937:of the 7th and 8th centuries.
1914:Demographics of the Arab world
1774:has three, Arabic, Somali and
1551:is the first official language
1158:is the other official language
830:
785:, and the western part as the
13:
1:
6570:"The haves and the have-nots"
6461:Küng, Hans (31 August 2006).
5467:Dictionary of Moroccan Arabic
5465:(2011); Harrell, Richard S.:
4874:
4735:defines the boundary between
3882:, was launched to oppose the
3492:million people from Lebanon.
3073:British protectorate of Egypt
3019:, which was succeeded by the
2367:Arab human development report
1758:official or national language
900:
881:derives from Arabic (through
8248:Federation of Arab Republics
8208:Arab Socialist Union (Libya)
8198:Arab Socialist Union (Egypt)
7799:Israeli–Palestinian conflict
7747:Arab separatism in Khuzestan
7248:travel guide from Wikivoyage
6151:. Indiana University Press.
6123:10.1080/17550912.2014.918320
5349:Council on Foreign Relations
4280:
3876:Egyptian Movement for Change
3741:Saudi Arabian-led airstrikes
3661:Second Industrial Revolution
3623:
3206:(right) and Iraqi president
2901:historically originate as a
2510:A women's rights protest in
2204:
1876:, the Arabic dialect of the
802:Middle East and North Africa
7:
8373:Flag of the Arab Federation
8203:Arab Socialist Union (Iraq)
8193:Arab Socialist Action Party
7069:University of Alberta Press
7036:University Press of America
6147:Armes, Roy (8 March 2018).
5635:Central Intelligence Agency
5491:, (GRIN Verlag: 2009), p.2.
4945:"GDP (current US$ ) | Data"
4888:"Arab World – Surface area"
4809:
4556: Expansion during the
4546: Expansion during the
4415:Geography of the Arab world
4315:the claims made and adding
3850:execution of Saddam Hussein
3844:led to the collapse of the
3728:shortly after the American
3266:unification of Saudi Arabia
3260:Unification of Saudi Arabia
3116:Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
2540:
2529:-sponsored report in 2008.
2454:television or short films.
2192:slavery in the Muslim world
1957:
1699:
1670:
1641:
1612:
1579:
1542:
1513:
1484:
1455:
1426:
1393:
1364:
1331:
1302:
1273:
1244:
1211:
1182:
1149:
1112:
1083:
1050:
911:is generally dominant over
734:throughout the Arab world.
681:
664:
647:
10:
8579:
8344:On the Way of Resurrection
8337:The Battle for One Destiny
8268:Lebanese National Movement
7709:Third International Theory
7224:Arab countries information
7130:Oxford University Press US
6840:
6643:. 2022. 20 January 2022.
6237:– via Find Articles.
6149:Roots of the New Arab Film
5920:. Routledge. p. 109.
5500:Dwight Fletcher Reynolds,
4412:
3842:2003 U.S. invasion of Iraq
3757:lack of democratic control
3587:
3541:
3522:
3499:
3480:
3442:
3378:
3252:
3183:
2866:
2855:
2851:
2553:
2499:
2377:
2208:
2048:majority countries, while
1911:
1860:provinces and the city of
1716:
1666:الإمارات العربيّة المتّحدة
1017:
976:
949:"common language") in the
863:(Iraq, Syria and Turkey),
773:in the east, and from the
676:اَلْأُمَّةُ الْعَرَبِيَّةُ
506:Major cities of Arab world
29:
8487:
8396:
8353:
8321:
8298:Unified Political Command
8188:Arab Nationalist Movement
8133:
8085:Abd al-Rahman al-Kawakibi
7945:
7914:
7881:1969 Sudanese coup d'état
7752:1979 Khuzestan insurgency
7717:
7681:
7621:
7532:
7504:
7464:
7410:
7356:
7309:
7300:
7287:
6891:The Brookings Institution
6499:al-Jallad, Ahmad (2012).
6228:"FindArticles.com | CBSi"
6111:Contemporary Arab Affairs
6088:10.1080/10669929708720114
5916:Held, Colbert C. (2008).
5895:. ABC-CLIO. p. 200.
5891:Shaw, Jeffrey M. (2019).
5623:27 September 2021 at the
5489:The League of Arab States
5121:Rogan, Eugene L. (2011).
5086:Hitti, Philip K. (1996).
5047:. John Wiley & Sons.
5020:. Routledge. p. 94.
3918:, Saudi Arabia, July 2022
3433:Egypt–Israel peace treaty
3400:The establishment of the
3365:Kingdom of Nejd and Hejaz
3236:Camp David Accords (1978)
2985:Ottoman and colonial rule
2350:was 94%, followed by the
2226:lining up for class, 2009
1975:This article needs to be
501:
484:
470:
460:
105:
93:
85:
77:
69:
61:
53:
44:
7806:1952 Egyptian revolution
7143:Hourani, Albert (1983).
7024:Rinnawi, Khalil (2006).
6847:Baumann, Andrea (2006).
6636:16 November 2022 at the
6358:6 September 2015 at the
5964:Race and Color in Islam,
3180:Rise of Arab nationalism
3163:Ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia
2883:Great Mosque of Kairouan
2879:Great Mosque of Kairouan
2182:, to more than 1,000 in
1509:المملكة العربية السعودية
643:اَلْعَالَمُ الْعَرَبِيُّ
8523:Country classifications
8459:Palestinian nationalism
8378:Flag of the Arab Revolt
7871:1966 Syrian coup d'état
7851:1963 Syrian coup d'état
7831:1961 Syrian coup d'état
7412:Germanic-speaking world
6999:Rejwan, Nissim (1974).
5552:Sullivan and Ismael: ix
4150:Historian Jim Crow, of
4089:At other times, kings,
3696:, was founded in 1982.
3502:Western Sahara conflict
3496:Western Sahara conflict
3294:Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
2966:. Islam was brought to
2523:equality of opportunity
2519:Women in the Arab world
2502:Women in the Arab world
1926:(symptomatic of Arabic
1894:Cypriot Maronite Arabic
1832:Arab citizens of Israel
873:, an island country in
659:اَلْوَطَنُ الْعَرَبِيُّ
73:29.839/km (70.37/sq mi)
7886:1969 Libyan revolution
7764:1941 Iraqi coup d'état
7302:Romance-speaking world
7220:— Arab world directory
7207:INFOSAMAK – Arab world
6701:"Games With Frontiers"
6380:UN Women | Arab States
6293:Shafik, Viola (2007).
6193:Shafik, Viola (2007).
5868:Sharaf, Nihal (2012).
5325:Tamari, Steve (2008).
4562:
4536: Expansion under
4453:
4248:
4179:
4161:
4148:
4135:
4107:Sherif Hussein ibn Ali
4074:in the north to lower
3919:
3894:States and territories
3785:report classifies the
3748:
3733:
3640:
3609:
3607:2011 Bahraini uprising
3458:
3397:
3284:were conquered by the
3215:
3056:
3046:Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt
2941:was conquered in 633,
2894:
2515:
2234:, the average rate of
2227:
2158:(mainly in Iraq), the
2068:Islam is practiced in
2013:
1954:in the Islamic world.
1920:Modern Standard Arabic
1880:ethnic minority, as a
1745:
1004:
809:post-classical history
798:gross domestic product
682:al-ummah al-ʿarabiyyah
440:Extended definition:
370:Extended definition:
8444:Jordanian nationalism
8178:Arab Islamic Republic
8173:Arab Higher Committee
8050:Rashid Ali al-Gaylani
8030:Salah al-Din al-Bitar
7841:North Yemen civil war
7774:Arab–Israeli conflict
7593:Uralic-speaking world
7506:Celtic-speaking world
7466:Slavic-speaking world
6983:Reader, John (1997).
6941:Hourani, Albert Habib
5798:"2010 Census Results"
5248:Arabic, Hijazi Spoken
4995:Khan, Zafarul-Islam.
4526:
4496:Historical boundaries
4477:(2 million km).
4445:
4239:
4171:
4156:
4139:
4130:
4115:Sykes-Picot Agreement
3996:Salah al-Din al-Bitar
3909:
3878:, popularly known as
3795:electoral democracies
3777:as "hybrid regimes",
3739:
3715:
3631:
3605:
3531:North Yemen Civil War
3525:North Yemen Civil War
3519:North Yemen Civil War
3452:
3417:1948 Arab–Israeli War
3406:Arab–Israeli conflict
3388:
3381:Arab–Israeli conflict
3379:Further information:
3375:Arab–Israeli conflict
3197:
3184:Further information:
3044:
3004:By 1570, the Turkish
2876:
2867:Further information:
2827:United Arab Emirates
2509:
2218:
2172:Arab–Israeli conflict
2005:
1852:; others inhabit the
1741:
1000:
996:regional organisation
994:The Arab League is a
819:movements within the
669:), also known as the
424:Minimum definition:
120:Minimum definition:
8479:Tunisian nationalism
8449:Lebanese nationalism
8409:Egyptian nationalism
8404:Algerian nationalism
8308:United Arab Republic
8183:Arab Liberation Army
8163:Arab Ba'ath Movement
8020:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
7122:Ayalon, Amy (1987).
6877:Deng, Francis Mading
6751:on 30 November 2009.
6157:10.2307/j.ctt22p7j4k
5950:1 April 2001 at the
5823:Carnes, Nat (2012).
5657:"Middle East – Iran"
5236:Arabic, Najdi Spoken
5124:The Arabs: A History
4452:(Western Arab world)
4375:improve this section
4246:United Arab Emirates
4152:Newcastle University
4012:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
3975:United Arab Republic
3910:Arab leaders at the
3848:regime and ultimate
3639:pipelines and fields
3618:political corruption
3569:Islamic Courts Union
3435:was signed in 1979.
3224:United Arab Republic
3148:United Arab Emirates
3112:Syrian Arab Republic
3054:Egyptian Ottoman War
2858:History of the Arabs
2305:improve this article
2174:prompted their mass
1844:are mainly found in
1713:Ancillary linguistic
1658:United Arab Emirates
973:Standard territorial
921:vernacular languages
853:أَقَالِيمُ ٱلْعَرَبِ
777:in the north to the
353:United Arab Emirates
8469:Sahrawi nationalism
7826:1959 Mosul uprising
7759:Great Syrian Revolt
7086:Saint-Prot, Charles
6987:New York: Vintage.
6781:The Crisis of Islam
6688:on 6 December 2010.
6441:Government of Dubai
6376:"Facts and Figures"
5716:on 26 December 2018
5487:Benjamin Hätinger,
5279:– via Academia.edu.
5260:Arabic, Gulf Spoken
4909:"Arab World | Data"
4639:Strait of Gibraltar
4119:Balfour Declaration
3922:Different forms of
3902:Forms of government
3408:, one of the major
3298:Abdul Aziz Ibn Saud
3198:Egyptian president
3186:Islam and modernity
3108:Republic of Lebanon
3065:Mandatory Palestine
2317:footnote references
1940:Perso-Arabic script
1918:In the Arab world,
1743:Varieties of Arabic
923:are referred to as
804:(MENA) definition.
769:in the west to the
41:
8558:Historical regions
8474:Syrian nationalism
8454:Libyan nationalism
8414:Greater Mauritania
8330:The Arab Awakening
8313:United Arab States
8288:Rejectionist Front
8095:Gamal Abdel Nasser
7906:Yemeni unification
7896:Lebanese Civil War
7876:17 July Revolution
7846:Ramadan Revolution
7821:14 July Revolution
7292:Language geography
7202:Arab League Online
7116:(September 2016),
6550:. Voice of America
6433:"History of Dubai"
5662:The World Factbook
5630:The World Factbook
5327:Who are the Arabs?
5182:"Jordan and Syria"
4563:
4548:Rashidun Caliphate
4454:
4300:possibly contains
4249:
4180:
4103:the British Empire
4031:Muammar al-Gaddafi
3984:Gamal Abdel Nasser
3920:
3749:
3734:
3702:Muslim Brotherhood
3641:
3610:
3508:Western Sahara War
3489:Lebanese Civil War
3483:Lebanese Civil War
3477:Lebanese Civil War
3471:Iranian Revolution
3459:
3398:
3216:
3212:Arab League summit
3200:Gamal Abdel Nasser
3128:Kingdom of Morocco
3095:and the so-called
3057:
2905:group in southern
2895:
2516:
2228:
2186:and some 3,000 in
2121:Assyrian Christian
2014:
1850:Khuzestan Province
1746:
665:al-waṭan al-ʿarabī
648:al-ʿālam al-ʿarabī
70:Population density
39:
8505:
8504:
8434:Iraqi nationalism
8125:Constantin Zureiq
7975:Abdul Rahman Arif
7955:Butrus al-Bustani
7641:
7640:
7406:
7405:
7187:978-1-62948-899-8
7138:978-0-19-504140-8
7098:978-9948-00-336-6
7045:978-0-7618-3439-7
7009:: Halsted Press.
6993:978-0-679-40979-3
6953:978-0-674-39565-7
6933:978-977-416-293-0
6868:978-3-638-86642-2
6799:978-0-8129-6785-2
6784:. New York City:
6529:. ed. John Voll (
6471:. A&C Black.
6206:978-977-416-065-3
5854:. 23 March 2015.
5345:"The Arab League"
5223:978-90-04-14474-3
5134:978-0-465-02504-6
5027:978-1-136-21960-3
4751:southeast to the
4731:To the east, the
4635:Mediterranean Sea
4610:by Morocco), and
4570:Arabian Peninsula
4558:Umayyad Caliphate
4411:
4410:
4403:
4345:
4344:
4337:
4302:original research
4175:, the capital of
4050:Modern boundaries
4008:Shukri al-Kuwatli
4004:Constantin Zureiq
3753:autocratic rulers
3698:Islamic terrorism
3427:of 1967, and the
3351:(location of the
3302:Third Saudi State
3282:Arabian Peninsula
3146:in 1962, and the
3030:The sentiment of
2991:Abbasid Caliphate
2911:Arabian peninsula
2849:
2848:
2521:are still denied
2448:cinema of Lebanon
2354:at 83.2% and the
2345:
2344:
2337:
2194:developed out of
2105:Arabian Peninsula
2026:Arabian Peninsula
2000:
1999:
1882:national language
1710:
1709:
879:national language
861:Upper Mesopotamia
857:Arabian Peninsula
792:According to the
775:Mediterranean Sea
631:
630:
16:(Redirected from
8570:
8528:Cultural regions
8495:
8494:
8368:Eagle of Saladin
8075:Amin al-Husseini
8040:Faisal I of Iraq
8010:Sultan al-Atrash
8005:Mansur al-Atrash
7980:Abdul Salam Arif
7789:War of Attrition
7675:Arab nationalism
7668:
7661:
7654:
7645:
7644:
7629:
7628:
7307:
7306:
7276:
7269:
7262:
7253:
7252:
7244:
7191:
7082:
7049:
7032:Lanham, Maryland
7020:
6980:
6937:
6904:
6887:Washington, D.C.
6872:
6835:
6834:
6832:
6830:
6810:
6804:
6803:
6772:
6766:
6759:
6753:
6752:
6747:. Archived from
6741:
6735:
6734:
6732:
6730:
6725:. Worldsteel.org
6719:
6713:
6712:
6711:on 7 March 2003.
6707:. Archived from
6696:
6690:
6689:
6687:
6680:
6671:
6662:
6661:
6650:
6644:
6627:
6621:
6610:
6604:
6603:
6601:
6599:
6584:
6578:
6577:
6566:
6560:
6559:
6557:
6555:
6543:
6534:
6533:(Boulder)) p. 1.
6523:
6517:
6516:
6505:. ProQuest LLC.
6496:
6490:
6489:
6487:
6485:
6458:
6452:
6451:
6449:
6447:
6429:
6423:
6422:
6420:
6418:
6412:
6405:
6397:
6391:
6390:
6388:
6386:
6372:
6363:
6350:
6344:
6343:
6315:
6309:
6308:
6290:
6281:
6280:
6248:
6239:
6238:
6236:
6234:
6224:
6218:
6217:
6215:
6213:
6190:
6184:
6177:
6171:
6170:
6144:
6135:
6134:
6106:
6100:
6099:
6071:
6054:
6053:
6051:
6049:
6043:
6037:. UNESCO. 2007.
6036:
6028:
6022:
6021:
6019:
6017:
6011:
6005:. UNESCO. 2007.
6004:
5996:
5990:
5989:
5987:
5985:
5973:
5967:
5960:
5954:
5941:
5935:
5934:
5913:
5907:
5906:
5888:
5882:
5881:
5880:on 2 April 2015.
5876:. Archived from
5865:
5859:
5858:
5848:
5842:
5841:
5820:
5814:
5813:
5811:
5809:
5804:on 20 March 2012
5800:. Archived from
5794:
5788:
5787:
5782:
5780:
5765:
5759:
5756:
5744:
5732:
5726:
5725:
5723:
5721:
5712:. Archived from
5702:
5696:
5695:
5693:
5691:
5686:. Ethnologue.com
5680:
5674:
5673:
5671:
5669:
5653:
5647:
5644:
5638:
5615:
5609:
5602:
5596:
5589:
5583:
5582:
5580:
5578:
5569:. 2 March 2001.
5559:
5553:
5550:
5544:
5541:
5535:
5532:
5523:
5520:
5514:
5511:
5505:
5498:
5492:
5485:
5479:
5476:
5470:
5459:
5453:
5452:
5424:
5418:
5417:
5415:
5413:
5408:. 8 October 2005
5406:Encyclopedia.com
5398:
5389:
5388:
5386:
5384:
5379:. 8 October 2005
5377:Encyclopedia.com
5369:
5360:
5359:
5357:
5355:
5341:
5335:
5334:
5322:
5313:
5312:
5310:
5308:
5286:
5280:
5269:
5263:
5257:
5251:
5245:
5239:
5233:
5227:
5226:
5214:Brill Publishers
5205:
5199:
5198:
5196:
5194:
5178:
5172:
5171:
5169:
5167:
5153:
5147:
5146:
5118:
5112:
5111:
5083:
5077:
5076:
5065:
5059:
5058:
5038:
5032:
5031:
5011:
5005:
5004:
5001:milligazette.com
4992:
4986:
4982:
4963:
4962:
4955:
4949:
4948:
4941:
4935:
4934:
4927:
4921:
4920:
4918:
4916:
4905:
4896:
4895:
4884:
4826:
4821:
4820:
4555:
4545:
4535:
4406:
4399:
4395:
4392:
4386:
4355:
4347:
4340:
4333:
4329:
4326:
4320:
4317:inline citations
4293:
4292:
4285:
4242:Emirate of Dubai
4164:Modern economies
4022:of Morocco, and
3979:Arab Nationalism
3814:Persian Gulf War
3730:invasion of Iraq
3716:The toppling of
3598:Syrian civil war
3594:Libyan Civil War
3550:Somali Civil War
3544:Somali Civil War
3538:Somali Civil War
3249:Modern conflicts
3208:Abdel Salam Arif
3136:Republic of Iraq
3124:Kingdom of Egypt
3120:Kingdom of Libya
3048:, leader of the
3032:Arab nationalism
3025:Ajuran Sultanate
3017:Wattasid dynasty
2999:Mamluk Sultanate
2995:Mongol invasions
2935:Muslim conquests
2845:
2819:
2793:
2767:
2741:
2715:
2689:
2663:
2637:
2611:
2567:
2566:
2340:
2333:
2329:
2326:
2320:
2288:
2287:
2280:
2190:. Historically,
1995:
1992:
1986:
1970:
1969:
1962:
1924:Classical Arabic
1702:
1696:
1685:
1683:
1682:
1673:
1667:
1656:
1654:
1653:
1644:
1638:
1627:
1625:
1624:
1615:
1609:
1598:
1596:
1595:
1582:
1576:
1565:
1563:
1562:
1545:
1539:
1528:
1526:
1525:
1516:
1510:
1499:
1497:
1496:
1487:
1481:
1470:
1468:
1467:
1458:
1452:
1441:
1439:
1438:
1429:
1423:
1412:
1410:
1409:
1396:
1390:
1379:
1377:
1376:
1367:
1361:
1350:
1348:
1347:
1334:
1328:
1317:
1315:
1314:
1305:
1299:
1288:
1286:
1285:
1276:
1270:
1259:
1257:
1256:
1247:
1241:
1230:
1228:
1227:
1214:
1208:
1197:
1195:
1194:
1185:
1179:
1168:
1166:
1165:
1152:
1146:
1135:
1133:
1132:
1115:
1109:
1098:
1096:
1095:
1086:
1080:
1069:
1067:
1066:
1053:
1047:
1036:
1034:
1033:
1024:
969:in the Maghreb.
948:
947:
934:
933:
854:
813:Arab nationalism
741:form at least a
684:
678:
677:
667:
661:
660:
652:), formally the
650:
644:
621:
620:
610:
609:
599:
598:
588:
587:
577:
576:
566:
565:
555:
554:
544:
543:
533:
532:
522:
521:
450:
448:
447:
434:
432:
431:
406:
404:
403:
393:
391:
390:
380:
378:
377:
364:
362:
361:
351:
349:
348:
338:
336:
335:
325:
323:
322:
312:
310:
309:
299:
297:
296:
286:
284:
283:
273:
271:
270:
260:
258:
257:
247:
245:
244:
234:
232:
231:
221:
219:
218:
208:
206:
205:
195:
193:
192:
182:
180:
179:
169:
167:
166:
156:
154:
153:
143:
141:
140:
130:
128:
127:
114:sovereign states
81:$ 2.782 trillion
49:
42:
38:
21:
8578:
8577:
8573:
8572:
8571:
8569:
8568:
8567:
8563:Eastern culture
8553:Arabic language
8508:
8507:
8506:
8501:
8483:
8419:Greater Morocco
8392:
8388:Pan-Arab colors
8383:Hawk of Quraish
8349:
8317:
8168:Arab Federation
8129:
8115:Abdullah Rimawi
8090:Mostéfa Merarda
8045:Muammar Gaddafi
8025:Ahmed Ben Bella
8000:Jamal al-Atassi
7990:Bashar al-Assad
7941:
7910:
7891:Black September
7769:Anglo-Iraqi War
7713:
7677:
7672:
7642:
7637:
7617:
7603:Hindustani list
7533:Other languages
7528:
7519:Scottish Gaelic
7500:
7460:
7402:
7352:
7296:
7283:
7280:
7231:— Arab articles
7198:
7188:
7107:
7105:Further reading
7079:
7046:
7017:
6977:
6934:
6901:
6869:
6843:
6838:
6828:
6826:
6811:
6807:
6800:
6773:
6769:
6760:
6756:
6743:
6742:
6738:
6728:
6726:
6721:
6720:
6716:
6697:
6693:
6685:
6678:
6672:
6665:
6652:
6651:
6647:
6638:Wayback Machine
6628:
6624:
6611:
6607:
6597:
6595:
6586:
6585:
6581:
6568:
6567:
6563:
6553:
6551:
6544:
6537:
6524:
6520:
6513:
6497:
6493:
6483:
6481:
6479:
6459:
6455:
6445:
6443:
6431:
6430:
6426:
6416:
6414:
6410:
6406:. Demographia.
6403:
6399:
6398:
6394:
6384:
6382:
6374:
6373:
6366:
6360:Wayback Machine
6351:
6347:
6316:
6312:
6305:
6291:
6284:
6261:10.2307/3010963
6249:
6242:
6232:
6230:
6226:
6225:
6221:
6211:
6209:
6207:
6191:
6187:
6178:
6174:
6167:
6145:
6138:
6107:
6103:
6082:(11): 119–127.
6072:
6057:
6047:
6045:
6041:
6034:
6030:
6029:
6025:
6015:
6013:
6009:
6002:
5998:
5997:
5993:
5983:
5981:
5974:
5970:
5962:Bernard Lewis,
5961:
5957:
5952:Wayback Machine
5942:
5938:
5928:
5914:
5910:
5903:
5889:
5885:
5866:
5862:
5850:
5849:
5845:
5835:
5821:
5817:
5807:
5805:
5796:
5795:
5791:
5778:
5776:
5775:on 15 July 2021
5767:
5766:
5762:
5747:
5733:
5729:
5719:
5717:
5704:
5703:
5699:
5689:
5687:
5682:
5681:
5677:
5667:
5665:
5655:
5654:
5650:
5645:
5641:
5625:Wayback Machine
5616:
5612:
5603:
5599:
5590:
5586:
5576:
5574:
5561:
5560:
5556:
5551:
5547:
5542:
5538:
5533:
5526:
5521:
5517:
5512:
5508:
5499:
5495:
5486:
5482:
5477:
5473:
5460:
5456:
5441:
5433:. Garnet publ.
5425:
5421:
5411:
5409:
5400:
5399:
5392:
5382:
5380:
5371:
5370:
5363:
5353:
5351:
5343:
5342:
5338:
5323:
5316:
5306:
5304:
5288:
5287:
5283:
5270:
5266:
5258:
5254:
5246:
5242:
5234:
5230:
5224:
5216:, p. 414,
5212:, vol. 2,
5206:
5202:
5192:
5190:
5180:
5179:
5175:
5165:
5163:
5155:
5154:
5150:
5135:
5119:
5115:
5100:
5084:
5080:
5067:
5066:
5062:
5055:
5039:
5035:
5028:
5012:
5008:
4993:
4989:
4983:
4966:
4957:
4956:
4952:
4943:
4942:
4938:
4929:
4928:
4924:
4914:
4912:
4907:
4906:
4899:
4886:
4885:
4881:
4877:
4872:
4822:
4815:
4812:
4755:strait between
4749:Sinai peninsula
4561:
4553:
4551:
4543:
4541:
4533:
4498:
4488:(665 km).
4417:
4407:
4396:
4390:
4387:
4372:
4356:
4341:
4330:
4324:
4321:
4306:
4294:
4290:
4283:
4213:'s border with
4166:
4052:
4039:Bashar al-Assad
4020:Mehdi Ben Barka
4016:Habib Bourguiba
3988:Ahmed Ben Bella
3904:
3896:
3888:civil liberties
3869:Damascus Spring
3762:Democracy Index
3710:
3626:
3600:
3588:Main articles:
3586:
3564:(TFG) in 2004.
3546:
3540:
3527:
3521:
3504:
3498:
3485:
3479:
3447:
3441:
3402:State of Israel
3383:
3377:
3355:holy cities of
3280:of most of the
3262:
3257:
3251:
3210:(left) for the
3204:Ahmed Ben Bella
3192:
3182:
3140:Somali Republic
2987:
2953:Egyptian Arabic
2903:Central Semitic
2871:
2865:
2860:
2854:
2558:
2552:
2543:
2535:
2533:Child marriages
2504:
2498:
2382:
2376:
2341:
2330:
2324:
2321:
2302:
2293:This section's
2289:
2285:
2222:schoolgirls in
2213:
2207:
2141:Arab Christians
2075:There are also
2044:, however, are
2009:mass prayer in
1996:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1971:
1967:
1960:
1932:Arabic dialects
1922:, derived from
1916:
1910:
1892:also recognize
1754:Literary Arabic
1750:Arabic dialects
1721:
1719:Arabic language
1715:
1680:
1678:
1651:
1649:
1622:
1620:
1593:
1591:
1560:
1558:
1523:
1521:
1494:
1492:
1465:
1463:
1436:
1434:
1407:
1405:
1374:
1372:
1345:
1343:
1312:
1310:
1283:
1281:
1254:
1252:
1225:
1223:
1192:
1190:
1163:
1161:
1130:
1128:
1093:
1091:
1064:
1062:
1031:
1029:
1022:
1016:
981:
975:
917:Standard Arabic
903:
883:Sicilian Arabic
875:Southern Europe
833:
730:is used as the
700:Northern Africa
627:
615:
614:
604:
603:
593:
592:
582:
581:
571:
570:
560:
559:
549:
548:
538:
537:
527:
526:
516:
513:
512:
456:
445:
443:
429:
427:
421:
420:
418:de facto states
412:
401:
399:
388:
386:
375:
373:
359:
357:
346:
344:
333:
331:
320:
318:
307:
305:
294:
292:
281:
279:
268:
266:
255:
253:
242:
240:
229:
227:
216:
214:
203:
201:
190:
188:
177:
175:
164:
162:
151:
149:
138:
136:
125:
123:
117:
116:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8576:
8566:
8565:
8560:
8555:
8550:
8545:
8540:
8535:
8533:Horn of Africa
8530:
8525:
8520:
8503:
8502:
8500:
8499:
8488:
8485:
8484:
8482:
8481:
8476:
8471:
8466:
8461:
8456:
8451:
8446:
8441:
8436:
8431:
8426:
8421:
8416:
8411:
8406:
8400:
8398:
8397:Related topics
8394:
8393:
8391:
8390:
8385:
8380:
8375:
8370:
8365:
8359:
8357:
8351:
8350:
8348:
8347:
8340:
8333:
8325:
8323:
8319:
8318:
8316:
8315:
8310:
8305:
8300:
8295:
8290:
8285:
8280:
8275:
8270:
8265:
8263:Islamic Legion
8260:
8255:
8250:
8245:
8240:
8235:
8230:
8225:
8220:
8215:
8210:
8205:
8200:
8195:
8190:
8185:
8180:
8175:
8170:
8165:
8160:
8155:
8153:Al-Mourabitoun
8150:
8145:
8139:
8137:
8131:
8130:
8128:
8127:
8122:
8120:Hamdeen Sabahi
8117:
8112:
8110:Fuad al-Rikabi
8107:
8102:
8100:Adnan Pachachi
8097:
8092:
8087:
8082:
8077:
8072:
8070:Saddam Hussein
8067:
8062:
8060:Sati' al-Husri
8057:
8052:
8047:
8042:
8037:
8032:
8027:
8022:
8017:
8012:
8007:
8002:
7997:
7995:Hafez al-Assad
7992:
7987:
7985:Zaki al-Arsuzi
7982:
7977:
7972:
7967:
7962:
7957:
7951:
7949:
7943:
7942:
7940:
7939:
7934:
7929:
7924:
7918:
7916:
7912:
7911:
7909:
7908:
7903:
7898:
7893:
7888:
7883:
7878:
7873:
7868:
7866:Aden Emergency
7863:
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7811:Iraqi Intifada
7808:
7803:
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7796:
7794:Yom Kippur War
7791:
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7689:Arab socialism
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7196:External links
7194:
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7158:Tausch, Arno.
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7141:
7120:
7118:Monthly Review
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6819:Alarabiya News
6805:
6798:
6776:Lewis, Bernard
6767:
6763:World Factbook
6754:
6736:
6714:
6691:
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6645:
6622:
6605:
6594:on 10 May 2011
6579:
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6535:
6531:Westview Press
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6304:978-9774160653
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6117:(2): 225–245.
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4892:indexmundi.com
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4759:in Africa and
4600:Western Sahara
4592:Atlantic Ocean
4572:, most of the
4552:
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4506:Horn of Africa
4497:
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4413:Main article:
4409:
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4391:September 2023
4359:
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4325:September 2023
4297:
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4165:
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4051:
4048:
4035:Hafez al-Assad
4000:Zaki al-Arsuzi
3903:
3900:
3895:
3892:
3884:Mubarak regime
3867:In Syria, the
3718:Saddam Hussein
3709:
3708:Recent history
3706:
3676:rentier states
3651:as a route to
3645:British Empire
3625:
3622:
3585:
3582:
3542:Main article:
3539:
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3523:Main article:
3520:
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3500:Main article:
3497:
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3440:
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3429:Yom Kippur War
3395:Yom Kippur War
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3253:Main article:
3250:
3247:
3181:
3178:
3097:Trucial States
3089:French Algeria
3085:French Tunisia
3069:Mandatory Iraq
3006:Ottoman Empire
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2582:Founding date
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2554:Main article:
2551:
2550:Largest cities
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2527:United Nations
2500:Main article:
2497:
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2378:Main article:
2375:
2372:
2363:United Nations
2343:
2342:
2297:external links
2292:
2290:
2283:
2236:adult literacy
2209:Main article:
2206:
2203:
1998:
1997:
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1956:
1912:Main article:
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1113:Juzur al-Qamar
1089:
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1018:Main article:
1015:
1012:
977:Main article:
974:
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902:
899:
843:used the term
832:
829:
821:Ottoman Empire
767:Atlantic Ocean
722:, among other
629:
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18:Arab countries
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8429:Greater Yemen
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8135:Organizations
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8055:George Habash
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8035:Izzat Darwaza
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7970:Yasser Arafat
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7947:Personalities
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7922:Arab identity
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7836:Arab Cold War
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7153:0-521-27423-0
7150:
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7135:
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7121:
7119:
7115:
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7099:
7095:
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7087:
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7078:0-88864-211-3
7074:
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7058:
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7033:
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7018:
7016:0-470-71628-2
7012:
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7003:
6997:
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6986:
6982:
6978:
6976:87-87062-24-0
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6706:
6705:Sunday Herald
6702:
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6618:0-87609-146-X
6615:
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6583:
6575:
6574:The Economist
6571:
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6514:
6512:9781267445070
6508:
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6478:9780826494238
6474:
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6409:
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6300:
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6253:MERIP Reports
6247:
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6166:9780253031730
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5927:9780429962004
5923:
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5902:9781440839337
5898:
5894:
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5871:
5864:
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5847:
5840:
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5834:9781475903423
5830:
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5793:
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5774:
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5754:
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5737:Phares, Walid
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5604:Colin Legum,
5601:
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5558:
5549:
5540:
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5502:Arab folklore
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5294:The Economist
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5099:0-89526-706-3
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5050:
5046:
5045:
5037:
5029:
5023:
5019:
5018:
5010:
5002:
4998:
4991:
4981:
4979:
4977:
4975:
4973:
4971:
4969:
4961:. World Bank.
4960:
4954:
4947:. World Bank.
4946:
4940:
4933:. World Bank.
4932:
4926:
4910:
4904:
4902:
4893:
4889:
4883:
4879:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4830:
4825:
4819:
4814:
4807:
4805:
4800:
4798:
4794:
4790:
4786:
4781:
4779:
4776:, to rain on
4775:
4771:
4765:
4762:
4758:
4754:
4753:Bab-el-Mandeb
4750:
4746:
4742:
4738:
4734:
4729:
4727:
4723:
4719:
4715:
4711:
4707:
4703:
4699:
4694:
4692:
4688:
4684:
4680:
4676:
4672:
4667:
4665:
4661:
4657:
4653:
4649:
4644:
4640:
4636:
4631:
4629:
4625:
4621:
4617:
4613:
4609:
4606:unilaterally
4605:
4601:
4597:
4593:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4579:
4575:
4571:
4566:
4559:
4549:
4539:
4531:'s expansion
4530:
4525:
4521:
4519:
4515:
4511:
4507:
4503:
4493:
4489:
4487:
4483:
4478:
4476:
4472:
4468:
4464:
4460:
4451:
4450:
4444:
4440:
4438:
4434:
4433:
4428:
4427:
4422:
4416:
4405:
4402:
4394:
4384:
4380:
4376:
4370:
4369:
4365:
4360:This section
4358:
4354:
4349:
4348:
4339:
4336:
4328:
4318:
4314:
4310:
4304:
4303:
4298:This section
4296:
4287:
4286:
4278:
4274:
4272:
4268:
4264:
4260:
4256:
4252:
4247:
4243:
4238:
4234:
4232:
4228:
4224:
4220:
4216:
4212:
4208:
4204:
4199:
4197:
4193:
4187:
4185:
4178:
4174:
4170:
4160:
4155:
4153:
4147:
4144:
4143:Gertrude Bell
4138:
4134:
4129:
4127:
4122:
4120:
4116:
4112:
4108:
4104:
4100:
4099:nation states
4096:
4092:
4087:
4085:
4084:Libyan desert
4081:
4077:
4073:
4072:Mediterranean
4069:
4065:
4061:
4057:
4047:
4045:
4040:
4036:
4032:
4027:
4025:
4024:Shakib Arslan
4021:
4017:
4013:
4009:
4005:
4001:
3997:
3993:
3989:
3985:
3980:
3976:
3972:
3968:
3964:
3960:
3956:
3952:
3948:
3944:
3940:
3935:
3933:
3929:
3925:
3917:
3914:+3 summit in
3913:
3908:
3899:
3891:
3889:
3885:
3881:
3877:
3874:In 2003, the
3872:
3870:
3865:
3862:
3858:
3853:
3851:
3847:
3843:
3838:
3835:
3831:
3827:
3823:
3819:
3815:
3810:
3808:
3804:
3800:
3796:
3792:
3788:
3784:
3783:Freedom House
3780:
3776:
3772:
3768:
3764:
3763:
3758:
3754:
3746:
3742:
3738:
3731:
3727:
3723:
3722:Firdos Square
3720:'s statue in
3719:
3714:
3705:
3703:
3699:
3695:
3691:
3687:
3683:
3679:
3677:
3673:
3669:
3664:
3662:
3658:
3654:
3653:British India
3650:
3646:
3638:
3634:
3630:
3621:
3619:
3615:
3608:
3604:
3599:
3595:
3591:
3581:
3578:
3574:
3570:
3565:
3563:
3557:
3555:
3551:
3545:
3535:
3532:
3526:
3516:
3512:
3509:
3503:
3493:
3490:
3484:
3474:
3472:
3466:
3464:
3463:Iran–Iraq War
3456:
3455:Iran–Iraq War
3451:
3446:
3445:Iran–Iraq War
3439:Iran–Iraq War
3436:
3434:
3430:
3426:
3422:
3418:
3413:
3411:
3407:
3403:
3396:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3372:
3370:
3366:
3362:
3358:
3354:
3350:
3346:
3342:
3341:Jebel Shammar
3338:
3334:
3330:
3326:
3322:
3321:Jebel Shammar
3318:
3313:
3311:
3307:
3303:
3299:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3286:House of Saud
3283:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3256:
3246:
3244:
3239:
3237:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3221:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3190:Arab Cold War
3187:
3177:
3175:
3171:
3166:
3164:
3160:
3156:
3153:By contrast,
3151:
3149:
3145:
3141:
3138:in 1958, the
3137:
3134:in 1956, the
3133:
3129:
3126:in 1952, the
3125:
3122:in 1951, the
3121:
3118:in 1946, the
3117:
3113:
3110:in 1943, the
3109:
3105:
3100:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3081:Italian Libya
3078:
3074:
3070:
3066:
3062:
3055:
3051:
3050:Egyptian Army
3047:
3043:
3039:
3037:
3033:
3028:
3026:
3022:
3021:Saadi dynasty
3018:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3002:
3000:
2996:
2992:
2982:
2980:
2976:
2971:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2956:
2954:
2950:
2946:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2931:Syrian Desert
2928:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2909:and northern
2908:
2904:
2900:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2863:Early history
2859:
2844:
2840:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2826:
2823:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:Saudi Arabia
2800:
2797:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2774:
2771:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2748:
2745:
2744:
2740:
2736:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2722:
2719:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2696:
2693:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2670:
2667:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:Saudi Arabia
2644:
2641:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2618:
2615:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2592:
2589:
2588:
2584:
2581:
2578:
2575:
2572:
2569:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2557:
2547:
2546:reaches 70%.
2538:
2530:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2493:
2491:
2486:
2482:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2455:
2451:
2449:
2445:
2440:
2438:
2433:
2431:
2427:
2424:Elsewhere in
2422:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2387:
2381:
2374:Film industry
2371:
2368:
2365:published an
2364:
2359:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2339:
2336:
2328:
2325:December 2022
2318:
2314:
2313:inappropriate
2310:
2306:
2300:
2298:
2291:
2282:
2281:
2278:
2277:
2273:
2268:
2264:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2230:According to
2225:
2221:
2217:
2212:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2144:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2073:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2012:
2008:
2004:
1994:
1982:
1978:
1973:
1964:
1963:
1955:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1936:Islamic world
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1915:
1905:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1842:Iranian Arabs
1839:
1835:
1833:
1828:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1811:
1807:
1802:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1787:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1744:
1740:
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1734:
1729:
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1720:
1703:
1701:
1692:
1688:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1663:
1659:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1634:
1630:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1605:
1601:
1590:
1587:
1583:
1581:
1572:
1568:
1557:
1556:
1555:
1550:
1546:
1544:
1535:
1531:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1506:
1502:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1477:
1473:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1448:
1444:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1419:
1415:
1404:
1401:
1397:
1395:
1386:
1382:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1357:
1353:
1342:
1341:
1340:
1335:
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1309:
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1304:
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1213:
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1200:
1189:
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1160:
1157:
1153:
1151:
1142:
1138:
1127:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1114:
1105:
1101:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1076:
1072:
1061:
1058:
1054:
1052:
1043:
1039:
1028:
1027:
1026:
1025:
1021:
1011:
1009:
1003:
999:
997:
992:
990:
986:
980:
970:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
942:
938:
928:
927:
922:
918:
914:
910:
909:
898:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
866:
862:
858:
850:
846:
842:
838:
835:In page 9 of
828:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
805:
803:
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795:
790:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
735:
733:
732:lingua franca
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
683:
672:
668:
666:
655:
654:Arab homeland
651:
649:
640:
636:
624:
619:
613:
608:
602:
597:
591:
586:
580:
575:
569:
564:
558:
553:
547:
542:
536:
531:
525:
520:
515:
514:
507:
504:
500:
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488:
483:
480:
476:
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469:
466:
463:
459:
453:
442:
439:
437:
426:
423:
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409:
398:
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385:
383:
372:
369:
367:
356:
354:
343:
341:
330:
328:
317:
315:
304:
302:
291:
289:
278:
276:
265:
263:
252:
250:
239:
237:
226:
224:
213:
211:
200:
198:
187:
185:
174:
172:
161:
159:
148:
146:
135:
133:
122:
119:
118:
115:
108:
104:
101:
98:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
78:GDP (nominal)
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
43:
37:
33:
19:
8543:North Africa
8464:Pan-Islamism
8342:
8335:
8328:
8228:Ba'ath Party
8105:Ameen Rihani
7965:Jassem Alwan
7960:Michel Aflaq
7931:
7816:Algerian War
7742:Iraqi Revolt
7630:
7613:Swahili list
7539:
7369:Francophonie
7212:ArabLand.com
7177:
7174:Tausch, Arno
7159:
7144:
7123:
7111:
7089:
7055:
7026:
7001:
6984:
6961:
6944:
6914:
6909:
6881:
6849:
6827:. Retrieved
6818:
6808:
6786:Random House
6780:
6770:
6757:
6749:the original
6739:
6727:. Retrieved
6717:
6709:the original
6704:
6694:
6683:the original
6648:
6640:
6631:"Religions."
6625:
6608:
6596:. Retrieved
6592:the original
6582:
6573:
6564:
6552:. Retrieved
6526:
6521:
6501:
6494:
6482:. Retrieved
6467:
6463:
6456:
6444:. Retrieved
6436:
6427:
6415:. Retrieved
6395:
6383:. Retrieved
6379:
6348:
6326:(1): 46–48.
6323:
6319:
6313:
6294:
6255:(52): 4–12.
6252:
6231:. Retrieved
6222:
6210:. Retrieved
6195:
6188:
6180:
6179:Armes, Roy.
6175:
6148:
6114:
6110:
6104:
6079:
6075:
6046:. Retrieved
6026:
6014:. Retrieved
5994:
5982:. Retrieved
5971:
5963:
5958:
5943:Lewis 1994,
5939:
5931:
5917:
5911:
5892:
5886:
5878:the original
5874:Arabia Times
5873:
5863:
5855:
5846:
5838:
5824:
5818:
5806:. Retrieved
5802:the original
5792:
5784:
5777:. Retrieved
5773:the original
5763:
5752:
5730:
5718:. Retrieved
5714:the original
5709:
5700:
5688:. Retrieved
5678:
5666:. Retrieved
5660:
5651:
5646:Rinnawi: xvi
5642:
5628:
5613:
5605:
5600:
5592:
5587:
5575:. Retrieved
5566:
5557:
5548:
5539:
5534:Kronholm: 14
5518:
5509:
5501:
5496:
5488:
5483:
5474:
5466:
5462:
5461:Wehr, Hans:
5457:
5429:
5422:
5410:. Retrieved
5405:
5381:. Retrieved
5376:
5352:. Retrieved
5348:
5339:
5333:. p. 1.
5326:
5305:. Retrieved
5293:
5284:
5276:
5272:
5267:
5262:. Ethnologue
5255:
5250:. Ethnologue
5243:
5238:. Ethnologue
5231:
5209:
5203:
5191:. Retrieved
5185:
5176:
5164:. Retrieved
5160:
5151:
5123:
5116:
5088:
5081:
5072:
5063:
5043:
5036:
5016:
5009:
5000:
4990:
4953:
4939:
4925:
4913:. Retrieved
4911:. World Bank
4891:
4882:
4868:Muslim world
4824:World portal
4801:
4797:Indian Ocean
4782:
4766:
4730:
4695:
4668:
4632:
4589:
4586:
4567:
4564:
4499:
4490:
4479:
4475:Saudi Arabia
4455:
4447:
4436:
4430:
4424:
4421:North Africa
4418:
4397:
4388:
4373:Please help
4361:
4331:
4322:
4299:
4275:
4267:South Africa
4255:Saudi Arabia
4253:
4250:
4200:
4188:
4184:Muslim world
4181:
4157:
4154:, has said:
4149:
4140:
4136:
4131:
4123:
4088:
4053:
4044:Arab Muslims
4028:
4026:of Lebanon.
4018:of Tunisia,
3992:Michel Aflaq
3990:of Algeria,
3939:World War II
3936:
3921:
3897:
3879:
3873:
3866:
3854:
3839:
3826:Saudi Arabia
3811:
3760:
3750:
3686:Pan-Islamism
3680:
3672:raw material
3668:Persian Gulf
3665:
3642:
3611:
3566:
3558:
3547:
3528:
3513:
3505:
3486:
3467:
3460:
3431:of 1973. An
3414:
3399:
3317:Ottoman Iraq
3314:
3301:
3289:
3263:
3243:Pan-Islamism
3240:
3217:
3167:
3155:Saudi Arabia
3152:
3104:World War II
3101:
3058:
3029:
3003:
2993:fell to the
2988:
2972:
2957:
2947:
2896:
2562:city propers
2559:
2544:
2536:
2517:
2487:
2483:
2456:
2452:
2441:
2434:
2426:North Africa
2423:
2383:
2360:
2346:
2331:
2322:
2307:by removing
2294:
2269:
2265:
2229:
2145:
2109:North Africa
2074:
2062:Saudi Arabia
2015:
1988:
1976:
1917:
1908:Demographics
1836:
1829:
1814:
1803:
1788:
1780:Afro-Asiatic
1762:
1747:
1730:
1722:
1697:
1668:
1639:
1610:
1577:
1540:
1511:
1501:Saudi Arabia
1482:
1453:
1424:
1391:
1362:
1329:
1300:
1271:
1242:
1209:
1180:
1147:
1110:
1081:
1048:
1005:
1001:
993:
982:
946:ٱلْعَامِيَّة
940:
924:
913:genealogical
906:
904:
869:
845:Arab regions
844:
836:
834:
806:
791:
779:Indian Ocean
736:
696:Western Asia
691:
687:
679:
670:
662:
653:
645:
634:
632:
461:Dependencies
301:Saudi Arabia
36:
8538:Middle East
8158:Arab Ba'ath
8080:Salah Jadid
7937:Arabization
7784:Six-Day War
7779:Suez Crisis
7725:Arab Revolt
7704:Pan-Arabism
7598:Esperantujo
7581:Malay world
7564:Persosphere
6855:Norderstedt
6620:, pages 6–8
6598:13 February
6464:Hans Kung,
5984:23 November
5720:28 November
5412:13 February
5383:13 February
5307:20 November
4848:Arab League
4785:East Africa
4687:Middle Ages
4628:West Africa
4527:Map of the
4146:Jordanians.
3971:North Yemen
3943:Pan-Arabism
3765:classifies
3759:. The 2016
3747:, June 2015
3590:Arab Spring
3584:Arab Spring
3425:Six-Day War
3421:Suez Crisis
3419:, the 1956
3220:Pan-Arabism
3061:World War I
2869:Arabization
2753:Kuwait City
2656:100–200 AD
2601:16,225,000
2579:Population
2490:Middle East
2430:Middle East
2386:Arab cinema
2380:Arab cinema
2220:Palestinian
2196:pre-Islamic
2034:Sunni Islam
2007:Eid al-Fitr
1789:Similarly,
989:Arab League
979:Arab League
932:الدَّارِجَة
831:Terminology
825:Pan-Arabism
817:nationalist
771:Arabian Sea
751:Arab League
692:Arab states
671:Arab nation
465:Arab League
65:456,520,777
32:Arab League
8518:Arab world
8512:Categories
8322:Literature
8015:Tariq Aziz
7932:Arab world
7927:Arab Union
7856:Dhofar War
7608:Tamil list
7576:Indosphere
7540:Arab world
7474:Macedonian
7425:Anglophone
7319:Portuguese
7311:Iberophone
7246:Arab world
7218:Araboo.com
7110:Ajl, Max.
6967:Copenhagen
6788:. p.
6729:17 October
6554:23 October
6484:17 October
6233:5 February
6212:2 February
5779:17 January
5690:17 October
5668:24 October
5577:13 October
5567:archive.ph
5543:Rejwan: 52
5513:Baumann: 8
5354:2 November
5187:Ethnologue
4875:References
4793:Madagascar
4789:Mozambique
4656:Alexandria
4616:Nouakchott
4612:Mauritania
4309:improve it
4207:Mauritania
4068:Al-Maqrizi
4033:of Libya,
4010:of Syria,
3986:of Egypt,
3928:monarchies
3924:government
3890:in Egypt.
3857:Al Jazeera
3791:Mauritania
3649:Suez Canal
3573:Al-Shabaab
3391:Suez Canal
3323:under the
3274:sheikhdoms
2981:elements.
2927:Ghassanids
2915:Nabataeans
2835:3,805,000
2809:3,875,000
2783:4,370,000
2779:Casablanca
2757:4,660,000
2731:4,870,000
2727:Alexandria
2705:4,995,000
2679:5,345,000
2653:6,030,000
2627:7,960,000
2358:at 73.6%.
1944:vernacular
1896:under the
1872:recognize
1784:loan words
1772:Somaliland
1394:al-Maghrib
1352:Mauritania
1084:al-Baḥrayn
1051:al-Jazā’ir
901:Definition
841:Al Maqdisi
794:World Bank
688:Arabsphere
635:Arab world
601:Casablanca
557:Alexandria
471:Time zones
452:Somaliland
236:Mauritania
62:Population
40:Arab world
8548:West Asia
8355:Symbolism
7699:Nasserism
7694:Ba'athism
7552:Sinophone
7496:Ukrainian
7392:Romanian
7324:Lusophone
6829:19 August
6332:0009-7004
6269:0047-7265
6183:, page 26
6131:1755-0912
6096:1066-9922
5522:Deng: 405
5449:469513651
5302:0013-0613
5143:728657250
4560:, 661–750
4550:, 632–661
4540:, 622–632
4529:caliphate
4362:does not
4313:verifying
4281:Geography
4014:of Iraq,
3932:republics
3834:Palestine
3775:Palestine
3690:Hezbollah
3657:petroleum
3624:Petroleum
3325:Al Rashid
3165:by 1932.
3150:in 1971.
3142:in 1960,
2989:The Arab
2919:Tanukhids
2471:Palestine
2309:excessive
2248:Palestine
2205:Education
2164:Mandaeans
2101:Palestine
2077:Christian
1991:June 2019
1928:diglossia
1874:Hassaniya
1858:Hormozgan
1443:Palestine
1365:Mūrītānyā
1360:موريتانيا
1274:al-Kuwayt
1108:جزر القمر
743:plurality
690:, or the
485:Internet
479:UTC+04:00
475:UTC±00:00
275:Palestine
106:Countries
8497:Category
8439:Islamism
8148:Al-Fatat
7915:Concepts
7682:Ideology
7632:Category
7176:(2015).
7088:(2003).
7061:Edmonton
7007:New York
6943:(1991).
6879:(1995).
6861:: GRIN.
6823:Archived
6778:(2004).
6658:Archived
6634:Archived
6446:5 August
6437:dubai.ae
6408:Archived
6356:Archived
6340:41689317
6320:Cinéaste
6039:Archived
6007:Archived
5948:Archived
5739:(2001).
5621:Archived
5571:Archived
5108:34753527
4810:See also
4757:Djibouti
4698:Crusades
4691:Pyrenees
4683:Carthage
4652:Benghazi
4538:Muhammad
4504:and the
4159:Britain.
4056:European
3861:internet
3846:Baathist
3682:Islamism
3278:emirates
3114:and the
2964:Fatimids
2923:Salihids
2887:Kairouan
2838:1833 AD
2775:Morocco
2760:1613 AD
2708:7250 BC
2682:1821 AD
2675:Khartoum
2573:Country
2541:Violence
2428:and the
2389:made in
2129:Armenian
2125:Assyrian
2117:Maronite
1958:Religion
1810:Comorian
1791:Djibouti
1770:, while
1700:al-Yaman
1580:as-Sūdān
1543:aṣ-Ṣūmāl
1456:Filasṭīn
1245:al-Urdun
1212:al-‘Irāq
1137:Djibouti
1119:Comorian
1010:below).
941:Aammiyya
865:Ash-Sham
759:Djibouti
395:Djibouti
8143:Al-Awda
7718:History
7484:Russian
7420:English
7381:Italian
7348:Catalan
7336:Spanish
7235:Carboun
7229:WinArab
7168:2388627
7065:Alberta
6859:Germany
6841:Sources
6417:20 July
6385:9 March
6277:3010963
6048:6 April
6016:6 April
5808:15 June
5618:Eritrea
5193:21 July
5166:1 April
4795:in the
4791:, near
4774:Socotra
4770:monsoon
4733:Red Sea
4726:Melilla
4706:Britain
4664:Maghreb
4648:Tripoli
4624:Senegal
4620:Iceland
4608:annexed
4596:Morocco
4486:Bahrain
4482:Lebanon
4459:Algeria
4449:Maghreb
4437:Maghrib
4432:Maghreb
4426:Mashriq
4383:removed
4368:sources
4307:Please
4263:Algeria
4227:Tunisia
4223:Algeria
4219:Morocco
4192:Algeria
4105:, e.g.
4095:sheikhs
4080:Red Sea
3963:Tunisia
3807:Morocco
3799:Lebanon
3787:Comoros
3779:Tunisia
3767:Lebanon
3732:in 2003
3726:Baghdad
3694:Lebanon
3554:Somalia
3337:Al-Hasa
3290:Al Saud
3159:unified
3144:Algeria
3132:Tunisia
3052:in the
3010:Morocco
2960:Maghreb
2891:Tunisia
2852:History
2812:600 BC
2786:768 AD
2749:Kuwait
2734:331 BC
2697:Jordan
2630:762 AD
2623:Baghdad
2604:969 AD
2479:Tunisia
2467:Morocco
2463:Lebanon
2459:Algeria
2419:Tunisia
2415:Morocco
2411:Algeria
2395:Lebanon
2356:Mashriq
2352:Maghreb
2303:Please
2295:use of
2258:, and
2244:Bahrain
2188:Morocco
2184:Tunisia
2180:Bahrain
2156:Shabaks
2148:Yezidis
2137:Aramean
2089:Lebanon
2050:Lebanon
2042:Bahrain
2030:secular
2022:Shariah
2011:Morocco
1977:updated
1952:Muslims
1902:Maltese
1878:Moorish
1870:Senegal
1854:Bushehr
1820:Eritrea
1806:Comoros
1776:English
1764:Somalia
1629:Tunisia
1586:English
1575:السودان
1538:الصومال
1530:Somalia
1381:Morocco
1290:Lebanon
1218:Kurdish
1100:Comoros
1079:البحرين
1071:Bahrain
1046:الجزائر
1038:Algeria
987:of the
985:members
967:Italian
963:Spanish
951:Mashreq
937:Maghreb
891:Eritrea
787:Maghreb
783:Mashriq
763:Somalia
755:Comoros
749:of the
747:members
720:Nubians
716:Somalis
708:Berbers
686:), the
579:Algiers
535:Baghdad
492:.africa
408:Somalia
382:Comoros
340:Tunisia
249:Morocco
210:Lebanon
145:Bahrain
132:Algeria
95:Demonym
89:$ 6,647
7479:Polish
7437:German
7364:French
7184:
7166:
7151:
7136:
7096:
7075:
7067:: The
7042:
7013:
6991:
6973:
6951:
6930:
6897:
6865:
6796:
6616:
6509:
6475:
6338:
6330:
6301:
6275:
6267:
6203:
6163:
6129:
6094:
5924:
5899:
5831:
5469:(1966)
5447:
5437:
5300:
5220:
5141:
5131:
5106:
5096:
5051:
5024:
4737:Africa
4718:Turkey
4712:, and
4702:France
4675:Sicily
4671:Europe
4604:mostly
4582:Europe
4578:Turkey
4574:Levant
4554:
4544:
4534:
4514:Turkey
4510:Cyprus
4471:Alaska
4196:Brazil
4126:Mossad
3937:After
3916:Jeddah
3880:Kefaya
3830:Jordan
3803:Kuwait
3596:, and
3577:AMISOM
3423:, the
3361:Medina
3353:Muslim
3347:, and
3329:Riyadh
3310:second
3276:, and
3270:tribes
3161:under
3106:: the
3014:Zenata
2979:Nubian
2943:Levant
2907:Levant
2805:Jeddah
2723:Egypt
2671:Sudan
2649:Riyadh
2593:Egypt
2585:Image
2514:, 2011
2417:, and
2407:Kuwait
2260:Jordan
2252:Kuwait
2240:is 78%
2232:UNESCO
2176:exodus
2160:Druzes
2152:Yarsan
2133:Syriac
2113:Coptic
2099:, and
2097:Jordan
2058:Kuwait
2056:, and
1890:Cyprus
1886:Greece
1824:Israel
1795:French
1768:Somali
1748:While
1691:Arabic
1684:
1662:Arabic
1655:
1633:Arabic
1626:
1613:Sūriyā
1604:Arabic
1597:
1571:Arabic
1564:
1549:Somali
1534:Arabic
1527:
1505:Arabic
1498:
1476:Arabic
1469:
1451:فلسطين
1447:Arabic
1440:
1418:Arabic
1411:
1400:Berber
1389:المغرب
1385:Arabic
1378:
1356:Arabic
1349:
1323:Arabic
1316:
1303:Lubnān
1294:Arabic
1287:
1269:الكويت
1265:Arabic
1261:Kuwait
1258:
1240:الأردن
1236:Arabic
1232:Jordan
1229:
1207:العراق
1203:Arabic
1196:
1174:Arabic
1167:
1156:French
1150:Jībūtī
1145:جيبوتي
1141:Arabic
1134:
1123:French
1104:Arabic
1097:
1075:Arabic
1068:
1057:Berber
1042:Arabic
1035:
959:French
955:Berber
926:Darija
895:Israel
877:whose
849:Arabic
728:Arabic
724:groups
639:Arabic
590:Jeddah
546:Riyadh
449:
433:
405:
392:
379:
363:
350:
337:
324:
311:
298:
285:
272:
259:
246:
233:
220:
207:
197:Kuwait
194:
184:Jordan
181:
168:
155:
142:
129:
8243:Fatah
7524:Welsh
7514:Irish
7449:Dutch
7357:Other
6920:Cairo
6686:(PDF)
6679:(PDF)
6411:(PDF)
6404:(PDF)
6336:JSTOR
6273:JSTOR
6042:(PDF)
6035:(PDF)
6010:(PDF)
6003:(PDF)
4915:6 May
4804:Sahel
4778:India
4761:Yemen
4745:Egypt
4722:Ceuta
4714:Italy
4710:Spain
4679:Malta
4660:Italy
4643:Spain
4502:Sahel
4467:India
4463:Sudan
4271:Qatar
4259:Egypt
4215:Egypt
4211:Libya
4177:Egypt
4173:Cairo
4111:Lenin
4091:emirs
4076:Nubia
4064:Syria
4060:Egypt
3967:Libya
3959:Sudan
3955:Egypt
3947:Syria
3822:Syria
3818:Egypt
3745:Yemen
3369:Qatif
3357:Mecca
3349:Hejaz
3306:first
3288:, or
3232:Tunis
3228:Cairo
2968:Sudan
2949:Egypt
2899:Arabs
2831:Dubai
2701:Amman
2619:Iraq
2597:Cairo
2576:City
2570:Rank
2512:Egypt
2475:Syria
2444:Egypt
2437:Egypt
2399:Syria
2391:Egypt
2272:youth
2256:Qatar
2085:Syria
2081:Egypt
2066:Ibadi
2054:Yemen
2018:Islam
1948:Arabs
1846:Ahvaz
1695:اليمن
1687:Yemen
1642:Tūnis
1608:سوريا
1600:Syria
1567:Sudan
1485:Qaṭar
1472:Qatar
1427:‘Umān
1332:Lībyā
1327:ليبيا
1319:Libya
1298:لبنان
1170:Egypt
871:Malta
739:Arabs
712:Kurds
623:Dubai
612:Sanaa
568:Amman
524:Cairo
496:.asia
366:Yemen
327:Syria
314:Sudan
288:Qatar
223:Libya
158:Egypt
7586:list
7569:list
7557:list
7545:list
7489:list
7454:list
7442:list
7430:list
7396:list
7386:list
7374:list
7341:list
7329:list
7182:ISBN
7164:SSRN
7155:pbk.
7149:ISBN
7134:ISBN
7094:ISBN
7073:ISBN
7040:ISBN
7011:ISBN
6989:ISBN
6971:ISBN
6949:ISBN
6928:ISBN
6895:ISBN
6863:ISBN
6831:2021
6794:ISBN
6761:CIA
6731:2011
6641:MDPI
6614:ISBN
6600:2011
6556:2011
6507:ISBN
6486:2011
6473:ISBN
6448:2019
6419:2017
6387:2020
6328:ISSN
6299:ISBN
6265:ISSN
6235:2018
6214:2013
6201:ISBN
6161:ISBN
6127:ISSN
6092:ISSN
6050:2018
6018:2018
5986:2023
5945:Ch.1
5922:ISBN
5897:ISBN
5829:ISBN
5810:2012
5781:2022
5722:2016
5692:2011
5670:2013
5579:2021
5445:OCLC
5435:ISBN
5414:2011
5385:2011
5356:2023
5309:2022
5298:ISSN
5218:ISBN
5195:2018
5168:2023
5139:OCLC
5129:ISBN
5104:OCLC
5094:ISBN
5049:ISBN
5022:ISBN
4917:2022
4833:MENA
4741:Asia
4739:and
4724:and
4677:and
4580:and
4518:Iran
4516:and
4446:The
4366:any
4364:cite
4261:and
4240:The
4231:MENA
4225:and
4062:and
4037:and
4006:and
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3832:and
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3805:and
3793:as "
3789:and
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3506:The
3487:The
3461:The
3453:The
3359:and
3345:Asir
3333:Nejd
3308:and
3264:The
3188:and
3174:Oman
3168:The
3130:and
2975:Beja
2958:The
2939:Iraq
2897:The
2877:The
2477:and
2403:Iraq
2361:The
2224:Gaza
2168:Jews
2154:and
2139:and
2119:and
2107:and
2093:Iraq
2070:Oman
2046:Shia
2040:and
2038:Iraq
1888:and
1868:and
1866:Mali
1856:and
1838:Iran
1822:and
1816:Chad
1804:The
1799:Afar
1637:تونس
1422:عمان
1414:Oman
1199:Iraq
1183:Miṣr
1121:and
965:and
908:Arab
893:and
887:Chad
761:and
718:and
704:Arab
698:and
633:The
511:List
262:Oman
171:Iraq
100:Arab
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6790:116
6257:doi
6153:doi
6119:doi
6084:doi
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4311:by
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