Women in the Arab world

2366:

state itself is the “patriarch” of its citizens, employing them and providing them with ready income. This means that citizens don't have to look for ways to make money outside of state patronage, and may just reinforce already existing conservative gender roles where women stay at home. Oil and oil-related revenues also structure the economy away from female-intensive sectors. Secondly, patriarchal state institution systems often means weak, dependent private sectors that do not want to or can not afford to assume the cost of women's reproductive roles. This seriously hinders women's practical and logistical participation in the labor force. Thirdly, the inhospitable business environment in the private sector discourages women to work. No Arab country has a legal quota for the percentage of women it must include on corporate boards. Only Morocco and Djibouti have laws against gender discrimination in hiring and for equal remuneration for equal work. Algeria has also ruled in favor of equal pay for equal work.

2248:

stereotype of the women in this region. This absence in politics poses many problems, such as loss of gender rights, and could increase the social inequalities and thus weakens the quality of life, which are represented in several factors such as poor health, education, economy, and the environment. Moreover, this lack of awareness hinders effective female political participation since it limits the ability for women to advocate for their interests and act as a sociopolitical actor. Some studies confirmed the importance and transformational role that women's quotas provide to women in Arab countries. Yet, working to change the stereotype image of Arab women through official and social media, is one of the proposed solutions to achieve a positive increase in women's political representation in the Arabic-speaking world.

2465:

2003) does not require women to seek permission from their male guardians or husbands in order to renew or obtain a passport." In Yemen, women must obtain approval from a husband or father to get an exit visa to leave the country, and a woman may not take her children with her without their father's permission, regardless of whether or not the father has custody. The ability of women to travel or move freely within Saudi Arabia is severely restricted. However, in 2008 a new law went into effect requiring men who marry non-Saudi women to allow their wife and any children born to her to travel freely in and out of Saudi Arabia. In Saudi Arabia, women must travel with their guardians permission and they are not supposed to talk to strange random men, even if their lives are in danger.

2593:"Arab" and "Muslim" are often used interchangeably. The conflation of these two identities ignores the diverse religious beliefs of Arab people and also overlooks Muslims who are not Arabs. It, "also erases the historic and vast ethnic communities who are neither Arab nor Muslim but who live amid and interact with a majority of Arabs or Muslims." This generalization, "enables the construction of Arabs and Muslims as backward, barbaric, misogynist, sexually savage, and sexually repressive." This type of stereotyping leads to the orientalizing of Arab women and depicts them as fragile, sexually oppressed individuals who cannot stand up for their beliefs. It is also significant that countless female figures overcame oppression and proved dominant in their field, including 2079:

independently from the government. Such organizations for women across the Middle East have made significant steps in some areas which represent restrictions for the Middle Eastern women. A number of other organizations, however, happen to be tied to the government directly or indirectly. In the United Arab Emirates or Saudi Arabia, such independent organizations are not allowed to operate. they restrict financially or discourage organizations’ efforts to help women advance in male dominated countries. Even those Arab countries, which claim to have a more liberal environment for their citizens, hinder womens’ advocacy organizations by denying them access to data, budgets, governmental officials, and so on.

1942: 1840: 2066:

abuse over women. Arab women, on the other hand, usually stay obedient so that the family is run as smoothly as possible. Consequently, many women in the Arab countries remain in unhealthy relationships with their religion, customs, and the state itself which often happens to link its regulations to religio-cultural norms. taking into consideration that the legal system in most of the arab countries is intertwined with religion and custom which prohibit women from experiencing the rights of freedom and equality, this results in underrepresentation of the Arab women in the political sphere.

2207:, a female candidate in Kuwait's 2006 parliamentary elections, claimed that "the negative cultural and media attitude towards women in politics" was one of the main reasons why no women were elected. She also pointed to "ideological differences", with conservatives and extremist Islamists opposing female participation in political life and discouraging women from voting for a woman. She also cited malicious gossip, attacks on the banners and publications of female candidates, lack of training, and corruption as barriers to electing female MPs. In contrast, one of UAE's female 1938:, marriage, education, and economic endeavors, which all together help improve women's status in society." Education is an important area of progress for Arab women as it will significantly help them advance in their path to equality. The educational disciplines that are usually promoted amongst Arab women are education or medicine, but many Arab countries now allow women to try out for science and engineering. A big percentage of women in the Gulf states are now given the opportunity to go and study abroad through a scholarship offered by the government. 163: 1988:

in some sphere related to home. Dr. Nadia Yousaf, an Egyptian sociologist teaching recently in the United States, stated in a recent article on labor-force participation by women of Middle Eastern and Latin American Countries that the "Middle East reports systematically the lowest female activity rates on record" for labor. This certainly gives the impression that Middle Eastern women have little or no economical role until one notes that the statistics are based on non-agricultural labor outside the home.

1866:

maintenance in divorce, and condemned the practice of female infanticide and abuse. Prophet Muhammad himself stated that the best of men were those that were best to their wives, and in response to a question about whom one should have the best form of companionship with, replied mother thrice before saying father. He also said that those who had three daughters and supported them and showed them mercy was guaranteed Paradise (Al-Albani), and his only form of lineage was through his daughter

1701:, and their findings have been mixed. Under the customary tribal law existing in Arabia at the advent of Islam, women as a general rule had virtually no legal status. They were sold into marriage by their guardians for a certain amount of money, the husband who's the one in control of everything, could terminate the union at will, and women had little or no rights to property or inheritance. Other authors have agreed that women's status in pre-Islamic Arabia was poor, citing practices of 2109: 8279: 7882: 133: 8289: 36: 2062:

access to education, Arab women’s percentage of employability lowers and this leads to low economic empowerment. Study shows that women’s participation in the labor force has risen since the 1990s, their unemployment has not increased significantly. the type of violence that women suffer from can be said to be domestic and external violence. This means that Arab women suffer both from the state and within their families.

2257: 7871: 1686: 2691:. He compares in the west that women are more protected against violence, including sexual violence than in the Arab countries. This view is not popular in the Arab world as Muslims believe in Islamic sharia law as the non-negotiable word of their God, regardless of the moral dilemma of the Islamic religion and physical or psychological impact on 2984:(2014), and the National Reward Medal by His Majesty Mohamed VI, the King of Morocco (2014). In 2014, Muslim Science ranked Dr. Elouafi among the 20 Most Influential Women in Science in the Islamic World under the Shapers category, and the CEO-Middle East Magazine listed her among the World's 100 Most Powerful Arab Women in the Science category. 2350:, the number of women business owners is growing rapidly and adding to the economic development of the country. Many of these women work with family businesses and are encouraged to study and work. Arab women are estimated to have $ 40 billion of personal wealth at their disposal, with Qatari families being among the richest in the world. 1791:, seems to have been fairly widespread in pre-Islamic Arabia. The motives were twofold: the fear that an increase in female offspring would result in economic burden, as well as the fear of the humiliation, frequently caused by girls being captured by a hostile tribe and subsequently preferring their captors to their parents and brothers. 2448:

higher quality education can be limited by social class and wealth. The quality of the education is determined by the kind of foreign languages available, the depth of the topics studied and the credentials of the teachers and professor. That results in large gaps between social classes and gender equality regarding education attainment.

2821:, and is now president of its Khadijah bint Khuwalid Center for Businesswomen. The World Economic Forum recognized her as a Young Arab Leader, and she has been the director of Rolaco Trading and Contracting, the National Institute of Health Services, the National Home Health Care Foundation, and the Economic and Social Circle of the 2188:, women stood for election for the first time in the country's history. Although just one female candidate – from Abu Dhabi – was directly elected, the government appointed a further eight women to the 40-seat federal legislature, giving women a 22.5 per cent share of the seats, far higher than the world average of 17.0 per cent. 3076:. Notably, their wedding took place in Tetouan, deviating from the traditional practice of the bride going to the groom's locations. This event showcased Aicha's influence and power, as the Sultan himself traveled to Tetouan to marry her. After the wedding, the Sultan returned to Fes, and the couple lived separately. 4071: 4118: 2904:

and Ebda Bank besides other companies. She is well known for her charity work and frequently speaks about the role of women in building a better society today. Mona has been a firm believer of 'Business with a Conscience' principle and is involved in many charitable institutions. Besides her Business

2353:

However, 13 of the 15 countries with the lowest rates of women participating in their labor force are in the Middle East and North Africa. Yemen has the lowest rate of working women of all, followed by Syria, Jordan, Iran, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, Algeria, Lebanon, Egypt, Oman, Tunisia, Mauritania, and

1987:

activities. Women were employed in a wide range of commercial activities and diverse occupations. Women's economic position was strengthened by the Qur'an, but local custom has weakened that position in their insistence that women must work within the private sector of the world: the home or at least

3087:

Sayyida Al Hurra's reign as the pirate queen of Tetouan left an indelible mark on Moroccan history. Her resilience in the face of Portuguese aggression, her diplomatic endeavors with the Ottomans, and her role in establishing Tetouan as a thriving port accentuate her strength as a ruler. Despite her

2628:

has a very large feminism movement. NGOs like Kafa and Abaad have served this feminist obligation, and tried several times to pass adequate laws that give Lebanese women their rights. The most talked about right is citizenship by marriage and descent: a woman in Lebanon is not authorised to pass her

2579:

The embrace of the traditional dress has fueled the Islamist agenda popularity among younger middle-class women. However, secular older women are uncomfortable with this spread, viewing it as a symbolic retreat from earlier approaches. Some secular feminists denigrate women who choose to embrace the

2443:

In terms of college education, in Tunisia, the enrollment jumped from 1,020 people in 1965 to 6,070 in 1977. In Iraq, from 7,625 in 1965 to 28,267 in 1975, in Lebanon from 3,685 in 1965 to I 1,000 in 1971, in Algeria from 1,642 in 1965 to 12,171 in 1975, and in Morocco from 1,089 in 1965 to 8,440 in

2365:

There are three reasons that hold women back from the labor force. First, the socio-economic environment discourages women from working despite encouraging them to get an education, especially in oil-rich Gulf nations. Oil and oil-related revenues perpetuate patriarchal family structures because the

2061:

The many challenges that Arab women face are restricted access to education which later affects their job opportunities, violence, forced marriages, not enough chances to participate in the public life of their country, and last, but certainly not least - inheritance rights. Being deprived from full

1865:

Islam revolutionized women's role in society unlike any force before, as it uplifted their status in both the public and domestic spheres, and declared them as morally equal in God's view. Islam provided women with rights that men must fulfill upon them, such as the dowry, inheritance, and financial

4082: 2620:

is one of the leading countries with active feminist movements, and the fight for women's rights is associated to social justice and secular nationalism. Egyptian feminism started out with informal networks of activism after women were not granted the same rights as their male comrades in 1922. The

2468:

In the past, women in Islamic culture were strictly forbidden to travel around without a male chaperone. Today, to some degree, it is permissible, and there is no objection to a woman traveling alone by the various safe routes and means of travel via their venues such as airports, harbors, and safe

2065:

An important contributing factor to the violence exercised on women in the Arab world is the idea of ta’ah (obedience). It is a religio-cultural idea which suggests that women and men are equal before God, however, their responsibilities are not the same. In addition, ta’ah justifies men’s physical

1824:

saying "We never used to give significance to ladies in the days of the Pre-Islamic period of ignorance, but when Islam came and Allah mentioned their rights, we used to give them their rights but did not allow them to interfere in our affairs", Book 77, Hadith 60, 5843, and Vol. 7, Book 72, Hadith

2865:

chains Semsom and Green Falafel. Since 1997, when Christine opened the first Dunkin Donuts in Lebanon, she has opened more than 30 DD restaurants in the country. She has furthermore expanded her talent in restaurant chains, and on top of being the CEO of the Dunkin' Donuts chain in Lebanon, she is

2464:

on June 24, 2018. In Jordan, travel restrictions on women were lifted in 2003. "Jordanian law provides citizens the right to travel freely within the country and abroad except in designated military areas. Unlike Jordan's previous law (No. 2 of 1969), the current Provisional Passport Law (No. 5 of

2369:

Women could contribute to the country's economy since women's employment can significantly improve household income—by as much as 25 percent—and lead many families out of poverty. It continues that increased household income will not only positively impact MENA economies on the micro-level, but it

2361:

In Saudi Arabia, women do better than men in science and math. In Iran, research shows that girls have “caught up with boys, reversing their score gap, between 1999 and 2007, in both math and science.” And Jordan has always been a top performer in education, with girls outperforming boys there for

2229:

In Jordan, Princess Basma Bint Talal initiated the establishment of the Jordanian National Commission for Women (JNCW) in 1992. The Commission being highest policy-making institute in Jordan, it tackled on women's political, legislative, economic, social, educational, and health rights and issues.

2126: 1933:

and were supposed to be their man's property; consequently, if the man died everything went to his sons." Muhammad, however, by "instituting rights of property ownership, inheritance, education, and divorce, gave women certain basic safeguards." Haddad and state that "Muhammad granted women rights

1665:

The experiences and rights of women in the Arab world are not uniform and can vary significantly from one country to another, as well as within different communities within each country. Efforts to promote gender equality and women's empowerment are ongoing, and various organizations and activists

2069:

Throughout history, women in the Arab countries have always experienced difficulties exercising their rights. Some countries, such as Saudi Arabia, managed to achieve considerable progress in promoting women’s rights, such as the right to vote or run in municipal elections. In Tunisia, however, a

1861:

Islam was introduced in the Arabian peninsula in the seventh century, and significantly improved the status of women compared to earlier Arab cultures. According to the Qur'anic decrees, both men and women have the same duties and responsibilities in their worship of God. As the Qur'an states: "I

1733:

theoretical framework and argues that the position of women is mostly influenced by the extent of urbanization, industrialization, proletarianization, and political ploys of the state managers rather than culture or intrinsic properties of Islam; Moghadam added that Islam is neither more nor less

2447:

Education attainment has risen drastically among many Arab countries but in this case strictly speaking about Egypt. The type of quality of the education attained is a different issue as there is still a gap in connecting the curriculum and career specific skills. Not just that but the access to

2392:

The Muslim community is often criticized for not providing an equal opportunity for education for females. According to an analytical study on women's education in the Muslim world, it shows that a country's wealth – not its laws or culture – is the most important factor in determining a woman's

1661:

Challenges and disparities still persist. In some conservative areas, traditional norms and customs continue to limit women's autonomy and opportunities. Gender-based discrimination and violence remain prevalent issues that need to be addressed. Women's political representation varies across the

1638:

Significant progress has been made in advancing women's rights in many Arab countries. Women have increasingly gained access to education and employment opportunities, and there has been a growing recognition of the importance of women's empowerment for social and economic development. Many Arab

3068:

and his fleet, Aicha successfully defended Tetouan against Portuguese attacks, securing her control. However, this cooperation with the Ottomans was short-lived, and the Portuguese split their commercial ties with Tetouan, posing a significant challenge. Aicha needed to strengthen her position.

2428:

achieved almost equal enrollment rates between girls and boys. Female enrollment was as low as 10% in North of Yemen back in 1975. In Unesco's 2012 annual report, it predicted that Yemen won't achieve gender equality in education before 2025. In Qatar, the first school was built in 1956 after a

2659:

The Arab world distinguishes for the preeminence of religious-derived laws, particularly in family law. Although Islamic laws grants women property rights, they inherit less than men. Muslim family law reinforces the distinction between the public and private sphere of the family, particularly

1627:

Historically, women in the Arab world have played important roles in their societies, including as mothers, educators, and community leaders. However, the status and rights of women have evolved over time and vary greatly across the region due to a combination of cultural, religious, and legal

3040:

In 1505, Aicha married the governor of Tetouan, aligning herself as a valuable partner due to her family background and personal attributes. Initially, she ruled Tetouan alongside her husband, but after his death, Aicha ruled independently. Sayyida al Hurra gained her title, which means "Lady

2247:

The woman in the Arab countries has the lowest participation in politics in the world, and if she gains a chance for a high position, the soft issues such as social affairs and women's issues are mostly her only choices. This is mostly due to the inherent social patriarchal attributes and the

2937:

For 36 years, Donna Sultan has played a significant role in positioning KEO International Consultants within the market. During the past 28 years, she has served as the president and chief executive officer of the planning, design, engineering, and project management specialist. Based out of

2078:

There are many organizations fighting for women’s equality throughout the Middle East. Some of them advocate freely for their causes, like in Morocco, while others must be careful not to challenge too much the already established order. There are women’s advocacy organizations which function

3088:

eventual downfall and exile, Aicha's legacy endures as a symbol of female empowerment and leadership. She ruled with distinction during the early 16th century. Though her reign eventually came to an end, her legacy as a remarkable female leader endures, inspiring generations to come.

2972:

and Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. She also worked as a scientist with several international research organizations, including the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), and

3083:

did not endure. She was betrayed by her son-in-law, who aligned himself with a new dynasty. Consequently, in 1542, Aicha was dethroned and exiled to Chefchaouen, where she spent the remainder of her life. The exact details of her later life and her eventual fate remain unclear.

2456:

Women have varying degrees of difficulty moving freely in Arab countries. A couple of nations prohibit women from ever traveling alone, while in others, women can travel freely but experience a greater risk of sexual harassment or assault than they would in Western countries.

1635:. This has often resulted in women having limited access to education, employment opportunities, and political participation. In some conservative communities, women's roles have been primarily confined to the private sphere, focusing on family and household responsibilities. 2478: 2198:

The role of women in politics in Arab societies is largely determined by the will of these countries' leaderships to support female representation and cultural attitudes towards women's involvement in public life. Women as head state or chief executive is in the Quran and

2176:

said that 6.5 per cent of MPs in the Arabic-speaking world were women, up from 3.5 per cent in 2000. The representation of woman in Arab parliaments varies: in Tunisia, nearly 23 per cent of members of parliament were women; however, in Egypt, this was only 4 per cent.

2837:. At the Sixth Cancer Cure Conference she shared her remarkable story of recovery publicly for the first time. She realized that the best treatment was closeness to God. She followed the appropriate nutritional plan and used alternative medicine to improve physically. 1920:

states that "compared to the pre-Islamic position of women, Islamic legislation meant an enormous progress; the woman has the right, at least according to the letter of the law, to administer the wealth she has brought into the family or has earned by her own work."

2945:

Some of the group's training initiatives in 2018 revolved around contract awareness and standard operating procedures. One of KEO International Consultants’ initiatives this year centres on financial commercial management and enterprise resource planning.

2652:. The organisation launched some campaigns, such as those to curtail against violence against women, improve the status of migrant shelters, and strengthen the capacities of activists and media professionals. Its name reflects mythical prehistoric Libyan 2928:

and the Arab world prosper. Through her impeccable professional recor—she has even been listed among the Most Influential Arab Women by Forbes—and her work with various organisations, she promotes education and ethics as tools for a better future.

2399:

Female education rapidly increased after emancipation from foreign domination around 1977. Before that, the illiteracy rate remained high among Arab women. The gap between female and male enrollment varies across the Arab world. Countries like

2393:

educational fate. Women in oil-rich Gulf countries have made some of the biggest educational leaps in recent decades. Compared to women in oil-rich Saudi Arabia, young Muslim women in Mali have shown significantly fewer years of schooling.

2191:

In the Arab Summit in Tunisia that was held on May 10, 2004, Arab leaders, for the first time, discussed the issue of advancing Arab women as an essential element of the political and economic development of the Arabic-speaking world.

2636:

can end up in jail or face a death penalty for their activism. Some of their requests were granted such as not requiring a male guardian to access government services. Women still need a male guardian's approval to travel and marry.

2682:

such as over-sexual/pure-virgin view of women, and hostile actions such as marriage to preteen girls, physical assault by male relatives, marital rape, infidelity by polygamy, sexual harassment or assault, and forced obedience to a

2342:

A growing number of firms owned by females started to hire women in executive positions. In fact, in Jordan, Palestine, Saudi Arabia and Egypt, firms run by women are growing their workforces at higher rates than those run by men.

2233:

In Lebanon, the Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), is striving to eliminate laws, traditions, and customs that are intended to or otherwise result in gender-based discrimination.

2584:

representations and internalized "clichéd views" of Muslim women. This attitude of denying others freedom of choice demonstrates lack of tolerance for women's complex needs and religious, ideological and generational choices.

9143: 3007:

Al Ansari is a member of the MENA Business Women's Networks, an ambassador for Women Leading Change Qatar, a board member of Qatar Business Women's Association, and a Mentor at the Qatar Professional Women's Network Circle.

2085:, the United Nations agency dedicated to gender equality and the empowerment of women, has a Regional Office for the Arab States (ROAS) in Cairo, Egypt, as well as several country offices covering 17 countries across the 2357:

Gender inequality remains a major concern in the region, which has the lowest female economic participation in the world (27% of females in the region participate in the workforce, compared to a global average of 56%).

5821: 1908:, previously regarded as a bride-price paid to the father, became a nuptial gift retained by the wife as part of her personal property." Under Islamic law, marriage was no longer viewed as a "status" but rather as a " 2149:, who was democratically elected prime minister of Tunisia in 2021. Furthermore, many Arab women, although not head of states themselves, stressed the importance of women in the public sphere, such as the wife of 2169:, who was elected in Egypt in 1957. Some countries granted the female franchise in their constitutions following independence, while some extended the franchise to women in later constitutional amendments. 2613:

Tunisia is the only Arabic-speaking Muslim-majority country to grant women equal rights as men, outlawing polygamy, allowing Muslim women to marry non-Muslim men, and giving them equal inheritance as men.

8967: 8872: 4093: 1639:

countries have implemented legal reforms aimed at improving women's rights, such as laws addressing domestic violence, gender-based discrimination, and promoting women's political participation.

8548: 9352: 8992: 8388: 1794:

It is generally accepted that Islam changed the structure of Arab society and to a large degree unified the people, reforming and standardizing gender roles throughout the region. According to

5925: 2891:

A Bachelor of Business Administration, Mona has been instrumental in overseeing the business endeavours of Y. K. Almoayyed & Sons, leading it meticulously towards its desired destination.

8972: 8408: 5322:

McClendon, David; Hackett, Conrad; Potančoková, Michaela; Stonawski, Marcin; Skirbekk, Vegard (June 2018). "Women's Education in the Muslim World: Women's Education in the Muslim World".

1896:, have affected marriage, divorce and inheritance. Lindsay Jones says that women were not accorded with such legal status in other cultures, including the West, until centuries later. 275: 2161:

in Tunisia, who have strongly influenced their husbands in dealings the matters of state. Arab countries allow women to vote in national elections. In this regard, the first female

2172:

Arab women are under-represented in parliaments in Arab states, although they are gaining more equal representation as Arab states liberalise their political systems. In 2005, the

8862: 9357: 9133: 5245: 2908:

Having been brought up in a conservative environment in the 70s Middle East, the young girl's childhood was simple and disciplined like any middle class Arab girl's upbringing.

8772: 2354:

Turkey. Unemployment among women in the Middle East is twice that of men, pointing to low wages, a lack of skills and a belief among some that a woman's place is in the home.

2097: 8962: 8927: 8659: 2649: 2070:

conservative Islamist party was introduced which struck Arab women worryingly, since they view this change as an obstacle to their possibility of further advancement.

9367: 8423: 9327: 9241: 8706: 8702: 2663:

To continue female empowerment in the Arabic-speaking world, young Arab women need role models. A lot of the times, these role models can be found through social media.

1784:

In some tribes, women were emancipated even in comparison with many of today's standards. There have been cases where women held high positions of power and authority.

9251: 2387: 1777:(desert dwellers), and this code varied from tribe to tribe. Thus there was no single definition of the roles played, and rights held, by women prior to the advent of 3489: 9347: 9307: 8982: 2195:

Furthermore, Arab First Ladies have called for greater empowerment of women in the Arab World so that females could stand in an approximate equal position as males.

3905:

Woman's Record: Or, Sketches of All Distinguished Women, from "The Beginning Till A.D. 1850, Arranged in Four Eras, with Selections from Female Writers of Every Age

9342: 9322: 8977: 8463: 7621: 5829: 5893: 8987: 8698: 8368: 7503: 4104: 3042: 2961: 2100:, publishes Status of Arab Women Reports, providing scientific and current data on a variety of social or economic issues pertaining to women in the Arab world. 8867: 8777: 6871: 219: 3937: 8952: 8947: 8942: 8797: 8523: 8448: 8383: 5349: 3049:. Furthermore her father had governed Chefchaouen for many years. During her reign, Tetouan became the only functioning port outside of Portuguese control. 8932: 8689: 3663: 2203:, neither permitted nor forbidden. Rather this deliberate silence means that Islam grants the Muslim community complete freedom and direction to decide. Dr 8937: 8852: 3391: 8902: 8807: 8782: 8413: 8378: 8363: 7488: 3569: 2339:

According to a report from UNESCO, 34-57% of STEM grads in Arab countries are women, which is much higher than in the universities of the US or Europe.

9362: 8917: 8912: 8842: 8822: 8685: 8676: 8667: 8483: 1564: 8543: 8458: 9246: 9226: 8907: 8663: 8443: 7587: 5999: 4318: 3148: 2974: 2829:

University in Saudi Arabia, and holds an M.Sc. in health and nutrition and a PhD in biochemical nutrition from King's College at the University of

2645: 8593: 1741:, women's status varied widely according to laws and cultural norms of the tribes to which they belong. In the prosperous southern region of the 3045:, the ruler of Tetouan. Her uncle had gained recognition for seizing Tetouan from the Portuguese, and brother held a high rank at the court in 2576:

Religious views differ on what is considered the proper hijab. This explains the variation in Islamic attire according to geographic location.

9418: 3472: 2884:

Mona Yousuf Almoayyed is a businesswoman, philanthropist, environmentalist and women's rights activist who is the managing director of one of

9030: 8749: 8633: 8403: 6221: 2440:

Over the time period of 1960–1975, the female enrollment ratio in elementary schools grew from 27.9 to 46, 10 to 24.2 for secondary schools.

2215:, claimed that "women's advancement is a national issue and we have a leadership that understands that and wants them to have their rights." 1031: 2237:

The Women's Learning Partnership (WLP) in Morocco proposed a national plan to integrate women into the country's economic development — the

5867: 5711: 9206: 8244: 7518: 6057: 3744:

Nazir, Sameena (2005). "Challenging Inequality: Obstacles and Opportunities Towards Women's Rights in the Middle East and North Africa".

3531:."] Internet version from www.alastairmcintosh.com. Also published in The Coracle, the Iona Community, summer 2000, issue 3:51, pp. 8-11. 1066: 5622: 5592: 5219: 5130: 432: 270: 5155: 2563:

called the veil sectarian and foreign and has stressed the importance of traditional Tunisian dress as a symbol of national identity.

100: 8997: 7592: 7508: 3548: 2921: 6013: 5184: 1874:

was also the first to convert to Islam, and was a prominent and wealthy businesswoman of higher economic position than her husband.

72: 7609: 3356: 2965: 2814: 2244:

Lastly in Saudi Arabia, the Nahda Charitable Society for Women seeks the empowerment of women within the framework of Islamic law.

53: 604: 9178: 8193: 7572: 7493: 5188: 5159: 423: 5297: 3599: 8325: 7513: 6403: 5570: 3203: 2942:, Sultan led a team of 686 full-time qualified engineers in 2018. Her team currently includes a total of 291 female employees. 1929:

and improved things considerably. Watt explains: "At the time Islam began, the conditions of women were terrible - they had no

1557: 1491: 527: 280: 79: 4166: 7523: 7480: 6331: 5779: 4048: 3919: 3887: 3424: 684: 243: 9428: 5271: 4215:

Ensour, Waed; Al Maaitah, Hadeel; Kharabsheh, Radwan (2017-10-16). "Barriers to Arab female academics' career development".

9317: 8254: 7918: 3493: 3113: 2379: 2133:, in military dress, waves to her supporters during her 1957 parliamentary electoral campaign. She ended up winning in her 2028: 716: 9398: 4369:

York, R (2014-05-04). "Life satisfaction across nations: The effects of women's political status and public pri-orities".

8922: 6294: 2905:

and Social Activity, Mona strives to draw a perfect balance between being a mother, housewife and mentor role she plays.

783: 86: 9423: 2629:

citizenship to her spouse nor her children. This right is making a buzz in Lebanese society, but isn't widely approved.

1802:, Islam improved the status of women by "instituting rights of property ownership, inheritance, education and divorce." 2992:

Buthaina Al Ansari, founder and Chairperson of Qatariat T&D Holding Company and Senior Human Resources Director at

2866:

bringing Lebanese cuisine to the United States with the restaurant chain Semsom, and has future plans of opening up in

2221:

in 2019 elected its first female interior of state minister, becoming the first woman to hold this important position.

1862:

will not suffer to be lost the work of any of you whether male or female. You proceed one from another".(Qur'an 3:195)

1666:

within the region are working to address these challenges and bring about positive change for women in the Arab world.

3623:

ibn ʿĪsā as-Sulamī aḍ-Ḍarīr al-Būghī at-Tirmidhī, Abū ʿĪsā Muḥammad ibn ʿĪsā as-Sulamī aḍ-Ḍarīr al-Būghī at-Tirmidhī.

9393: 9023: 8742: 8168: 7375: 7329: 6989: 6983: 6017: 5983: 5949: 5049: 4406:"Women, Political Participation, and the Arab Spring: Political Awareness and Participation in Democratizing Tunisia" 4353: 3787: 3556: 3352: 3213: 2173: 1713:

considers much earlier historical origins of Arab women's rights. Using evidence from the ancient Arabian kingdom of

1550: 1486: 119: 68: 7246: 7102: 6579: 6475: 5676:

Gorrell, Michael Gorrell (2011). "E-books on EBSCOhost: Combining NetLibrary E-books with the EBSCOhost Platform".

3528: 2559:, the secular government has banned the use of the veil in its opposition to religious extremism. Former President 2050: 233: 183: 3037:. Known for her family connections and exceptional qualities, Aicha played a significant role in ruling Tetouan. 8812: 8213: 7740: 7546: 5455: 3671: 3123: 3108: 3080: 3073: 2969: 1036: 956: 778: 573: 1925:

states that Muhammad, in the historical context of his time, can be seen as a figure who testified on behalf of

7805: 7353: 7251: 2012: 1958: 493: 329: 57: 3577: 3029:

from 1515 until 1542. Born as Aicha bint Ali ibn Rashid al-Alami, she was a descendant of the Islamic prophet

1580:

have been subject to changing cultural and social norms over the centuries with a clear difference between

9413: 9221: 7163: 6922: 6599: 2684: 2524:. Some allege that this restricts their economic participation and other activities. In most countries, like 1236: 803: 5431: 5402: 4319:"Countering the Negative Image of Arab Women in the Arab Media: Toward a "Pan Arab Eye" Media Watch Project" 9016: 8877: 8735: 7725: 7702: 7312: 7168: 7158: 7064: 6717: 3103: 1642:

Several Arab countries have witnessed notable milestones for women's rights. For example, in recent years,

1471: 706: 624: 599: 532: 2759:

published a "Most Influential Women 2018" list, naming the top 10 Arabian women of societal influence as:

2687:

are due to Islam as a religion literally in accordance with its male-dominant spirit. This is apparent in

9171: 7827: 7692: 7498: 7266: 7059: 6436: 5110: 3025:

also known as "the free queen"or "pirate queen," held the remarkable titles of privateer and governor of

2396:

In Arab countries, the first modern schools were opened in Egypt (1829), Lebanon (1835) and Iraq (1898).

1839: 1680: 1658:

have made progress in enacting laws to protect women from domestic violence and promote gender equality.

1646:

has lifted the ban on women driving and has granted women the right to travel without male guardianship.

701: 339: 2488:

in Arab literary scene, and is known for being an "early feminist" and a "pioneer of Oriental feminism."

2015:, citing examples of female warriors among the Arabs, Greeks and Africans to support his case. In early 8882: 8318: 8003: 7577: 7460: 6977: 6396: 1941: 1662:

region, with some countries having a greater number of women in decision-making positions than others.

1496: 1086: 17: 3383: 9312: 9284: 8249: 7670: 7657: 7358: 7187: 6883: 6605: 6568: 4405: 3800: 3525:"'The whole house of Islam, and we Christians with them...': An interview with 'the Last Orientalist' 3198: 2564: 1889: 1883: 1624:, the social and economic changes in the Arab world have become greatly accelerated and diversified. 1616:. Since the 19th century, and notably through the influence of the colonization in North Africa, the 874: 204: 93: 6085: 3419:. British Archaeological Reports International Series. British Archaeological Reports. p. 129. 2980:

She is a recipient of many international awards, including the Excellence in Science award from the

2469:

transportations. As long as a woman's safety is ensured during her trip, the prohibition is lifted.

9408: 9047: 8208: 8113: 7935: 7911: 7822: 7541: 7365: 7138: 6618: 4035: 3469: 3457: 3369: 3061: 2008: 1992: 1326: 1020: 349: 314: 6111: 8715: 7680: 6491: 6037: 3153: 3118: 2917: 2833:. Just a week before standing at the JCC election, Dr. Al-Sulaiman won a deadly struggle against 2560: 1922: 1799: 162: 46: 6645: 5843: 4001: 9403: 9164: 9138: 9039: 8758: 8218: 7837: 7766: 7735: 7665: 6589: 6584: 6502: 6269: 5715: 5163: 4147: 3814: 3193: 3158: 2020: 2007:, claimed that women were equal to men in all respects and possessed equal capacities to shine 1871: 679: 364: 354: 290: 5630: 5600: 5533:"'Women, work and family': Educated women's employment decisions and social policies in Egypt" 5097: 5024: 4950: 4904: 4858: 4812: 4766: 4720: 4674: 4628: 4582: 4508: 4251: 3938:"UPDATED: Sabat Istanbuly, Female Student at the Women's Medical College of Pennsylvania,1885" 3514:

Engineer, Asgar Ali, "the Rights of Women in Islam", C. Hurst and company, London, 1992, p.21.

3331:

Social science research and women in the Arab world. (1984). London  : Paris: Pinter ; Unesco.

3283:"Prevalence of intimate partner violence against women in the Arab world: a systematic review" 3280: 8573: 8563: 8311: 8163: 8128: 8083: 7783: 7761: 6512: 6389: 6197: 4343: 3977: 3879: 2981: 1854: 1516: 1461: 1391: 1371: 1356: 1226: 748: 711: 619: 483: 319: 5039: 3799:

Frfnea, Elizabeth warnock. and Bezirgan, Basima Qatta, "Middle Eastern Muslim women speak",

1948:(right), a Kurd and one of Syria's earliest female physicians; picture from 10 October 1885. 1900:

states that the general improvement of the status of Arab women included the prohibition of

9231: 8957: 8817: 8578: 8468: 8398: 8053: 8048: 7943: 7440: 7347: 7292: 3065: 3053: 2425: 2208: 2162: 1401: 1396: 1341: 1291: 1276: 1161: 1051: 1001: 881: 442: 403: 238: 228: 214: 2181:

has the largest female representation in parliament of the Arab states, with 32 per cent.

1912:", in which the woman's consent was imperative. "Women were given inheritance rights in a 1729:

before the arrival of Islam. Valentine M. Moghadam analyzes the situation of women from a

8: 9388: 9121: 8638: 8558: 8508: 8493: 8233: 8173: 8148: 8063: 8043: 7993: 7963: 7953: 7904: 7675: 7551: 7445: 7261: 6700: 6497: 3524: 3168: 2461: 2138: 1913: 1589: 1506: 1436: 1366: 1241: 1216: 1196: 1176: 1056: 931: 921: 798: 629: 551: 544: 539: 454: 359: 344: 304: 265: 9201: 9110: 9055: 8827: 8513: 8259: 8138: 8133: 8013: 7842: 7756: 7687: 7597: 7533: 7341: 7317: 6994: 6972: 6932: 6774: 6677: 6628: 6594: 6485: 6352: 5993: 5552: 3309: 3282: 1917: 1901: 1738: 1702: 1698: 1521: 1416: 1376: 1246: 1141: 1106: 916: 906: 831: 773: 758: 609: 589: 566: 418: 398: 177: 6840: 9216: 9100: 9090: 9075: 8837: 8613: 8588: 8438: 8433: 8288: 8203: 8153: 8108: 8088: 8078: 7978: 7817: 7812: 7717: 7707: 7697: 7370: 7256: 7208: 7051: 6962: 6665: 6655: 6650: 6640: 6635: 6468: 6356: 6327: 5979: 5901: 5822:"Tunisia: Cabinet Approves Bill Requiring Equal Inheritance Shares for Men and Women" 5775: 5750: 5693: 5578: 5556: 5513: 5432:"Education of Women in the Arab World | Middle East & Islamic Studies Collection" 5403:"Education of Women in the Arab World | Middle East & Islamic Studies Collection" 5192: 5085: 5045: 5012: 4938: 4892: 4846: 4800: 4754: 4708: 4662: 4616: 4570: 4496: 4425: 4386: 4382: 4349: 4273: 4232: 4133: 4054: 4044: 3883: 3872: 3783: 3552: 3420: 3348: 3314: 3281:

Tatiana Elghossain; Sarah Bott; Chaza Akik; Carla Makhlouf Obermeyer (October 2019).

3263: 2854: 2671: 2154: 2113: 1926: 1893: 1742: 1722: 1718: 1714: 1441: 1411: 1336: 1316: 1301: 1256: 1221: 1186: 1121: 1061: 996: 976: 971: 841: 826: 753: 743: 731: 641: 634: 614: 498: 413: 369: 299: 209: 2383: 2093:

not only as a basic human right, but also for its socio-economic and cultural aims.

1773:, was born—a tribal set of rights was held on place. This was also true amongst the 9266: 9187: 9105: 9080: 9060: 8598: 8568: 8553: 8538: 8528: 8518: 8478: 8428: 8373: 8348: 8178: 8093: 8073: 7958: 7948: 7847: 7832: 7582: 7287: 7009: 6947: 6937: 6927: 6912: 6660: 6563: 6535: 6423: 5685: 5652: 5544: 5503: 5493: 5331: 4456: 4417: 4378: 4263: 4224: 3779: 3771: 3540: 3304: 3294: 3218: 3208: 3188: 3163: 3022: 3017: 2955: 2862: 2861:. Christine is ranked as one of the top 100 Arab Women, and she is also the CEO of 2786: 2741: 2705: 2566: 2042: 1945: 1810: 1787:

The custom of burying female infants alive, comments a noted Qur'anic commentator,

1766: 1526: 1511: 1501: 1481: 1451: 1386: 1361: 1286: 1266: 1261: 1206: 1126: 1091: 1076: 1041: 1026: 1006: 951: 936: 926: 911: 896: 891: 886: 836: 813: 656: 651: 437: 408: 385: 248: 4421: 9337: 9261: 9085: 9065: 8857: 8847: 8792: 8787: 8608: 8603: 8498: 8353: 8334: 8223: 8158: 8123: 8058: 8038: 8028: 7988: 7973: 7968: 7773: 7470: 7415: 7215: 6901: 6861: 6750: 6706: 6480: 5795: 3920:"Meet The Three Female Medical Students Who Destroyed Gender Norms A Century Ago" 3874:

Banking on Baghdad: Inside Iraq's 7,000 Year History of War, Profit, and Conflict

3476: 3412: 3387: 3223: 3138: 2733: 2728: 2717: 2497: 2212: 2158: 2090: 1795: 1710: 1476: 1466: 1456: 1431: 1421: 1351: 1331: 1311: 1251: 1191: 1171: 1156: 1111: 1101: 1081: 1016: 966: 961: 946: 901: 846: 661: 334: 5739:"What do women want? A critical mapping of future directions for Arab Feminisms" 4094:

Item 21, Section 2 Chapter 1 of the Lebanese Constitution since 1926 (in Arabic)

1617: 9256: 9236: 9070: 8832: 8583: 8533: 8488: 8473: 8453: 8418: 8358: 8264: 8183: 8143: 8118: 8098: 8033: 8008: 7998: 7983: 7885: 7602: 7455: 7297: 6999: 6245: 6198:"Mona Bawarshi, Lebanon, Inspiring People, those who inspire, entrepreneurship" 5246:"'Men don't want women to work' in the Arab world as female unemployment soars" 4689: 2879: 2791: 2692: 2016: 1983:

backgrounds, while both men and women were involved in diverse occupations and

1834: 1621: 1613: 1531: 1446: 1426: 1406: 1381: 1346: 1306: 1281: 1271: 1211: 1181: 1166: 1136: 1131: 1116: 1096: 1046: 991: 986: 941: 863: 696: 646: 556: 505: 449: 6299:

Center for International and Regional Studies - Georgetown University in Qatar

6031: 4967: 4461: 4444: 3299: 3260:

Population Bulletin of the United Nations Economic Commission for Western Asia

9382: 9332: 9289: 9211: 9095: 8802: 8503: 8393: 8282: 8103: 8068: 8023: 8018: 7927: 7788: 7615: 7465: 7004: 6967: 6942: 6779: 5905: 5754: 5697: 5689: 5517: 4429: 4277: 4236: 4228: 4058: 3183: 3178: 2834: 1788: 1536: 1321: 1296: 1231: 1201: 1151: 1146: 1071: 1011: 981: 856: 691: 561: 522: 510: 488: 470: 285: 6157: 4781: 4735: 4643: 4477: 4252:"Islamic View of Women Leadership as Head of the State: A Critical Analysis" 3845: 3622: 3255: 1734:

patriarchal than other world religions especially Christianity and Judaism.

7875: 7800: 7450: 7302: 7180: 6896: 6745: 6730: 6444: 5498: 5481: 5373: 5272:"Women in MENA happier in the workplace despite enduring gender inequality" 4993: 4390: 4268: 4194: 4043:. Handbook series. Vol. 2. Stockholm: International IDEA. p. 44. 3318: 3267: 3173: 3133: 3098: 2968:

as Director General in 2012 and, prior, held management positions with the

2818: 2810: 2769: 2764: 2688: 2675: 2633: 2602: 2503: 2328: 2260: 2146: 2108: 2024: 1746: 1643: 821: 309: 5532: 4919: 4873: 4827: 4597: 4551: 2826: 2621:

movements eventually resulted in women gaining the right to vote in 1956.

2073: 9008: 8727: 8292: 7427: 6917: 6825: 6725: 6612: 5066: 3057: 3052:

Aicha's rule was marked by her ongoing conflict with the Portuguese king

3034: 2894:

Voted the third most influential Arab Women's List in the MENA region by

2679: 2598: 2581: 2570: 2204: 2166: 2150: 2130: 2086: 1964: 1632: 1585: 1581: 768: 738: 515: 5738: 4525: 7730: 6812: 6769: 6740: 5894:"Saudi Arabia seeks death penalty against female human rights activist" 5548: 5486:

International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal

5482:"Arab Women in the Gulf and the Narrative of Change: the Case of Qatar" 5335: 5131:"How women are transforming the Arabic-speaking world's start-up scene" 3962:

K. Wing, Adrien (2012). "The Arab Fall: The Future of Women's Rights".

3233: 2594: 2481: 2284: 2267:

Women were granted the right to vote on a universal and equal basis in

1758: 851: 793: 788: 132: 5508: 2460:

Women have the right to drive in all Arab countries with Saudi Arabia

7435: 6866: 6808: 6755: 6623: 4291: 3819: 3143: 3128: 2900:

in 2013, and in 2018, Mona is a member of the board of directors for

2667: 1980: 1968: 1726: 1605: 1593: 141: 5321: 4445:"Authenticating representation: Women's quotas and Islamist parties" 4024:

Roald, Anne Sofie. "Women in Islam", Routledge, London, 2001, p.185.

2239:

Plan d’action National pour l’integration de la Femme au Development

35: 9156: 7778: 7274: 7132: 7084: 6878: 6784: 6735: 6463: 5114: 3030: 2850: 2521: 2485: 2082: 2000: 1984: 1972: 1930: 1909: 1770: 1706: 1601: 253: 8303: 5772:

Arab and Arab American Feminism: Gender, Violence, & Belonging

4083:

Legislative Section in the 1970' Constitution of Syria (in Arabic)

4072:

Legislative Section in the 1950' Constitution of Syria (in Arabic)

3443:, American Ethnologist, Vol. 22, No. 4 (Nov., 1995), pp. 1078-1079 7793: 7389: 7077: 6957: 6835: 6830: 6817: 6801: 6794: 6789: 6521: 5397: 5395: 5393: 5350:"Economics may limit Muslim women's education more than religion" 5220:"Despite high education levels, Arab women still don't have jobs" 3026: 2993: 2925: 2885: 2858: 2653: 2625: 2556: 2525: 2511: 2417: 2401: 2308: 2292: 2288: 2280: 2268: 2256: 2218: 2178: 1806: 1774: 1754: 1750: 1730: 1651: 1647: 1597: 808: 763: 137: 7896: 6372:

Women in the medieval Islamic world: power, patronage, and piety

7307: 7281: 7240: 7201: 7118: 7031: 6952: 6854: 6764: 6695: 6690: 6457: 6381: 5456:"Yemeni Women's Uphill Struggle for Education - Al-Fanar Media" 3060:. Recognizing the need for assistance, she sought support from 2939: 2896: 2846: 2830: 2755: 2541: 2529: 2409: 2405: 2320: 2312: 2275:(to vote) in 1949 (Restrictions or conditions lifted) in 1953, 2200: 2137:

constituency, thereby becoming the first ever female Member of

2036: 1976: 1935: 1916:

that had previously restricted inheritance to male relatives."

1867: 1844: 1818: 1762: 1655: 1609: 324: 5978:. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 94. 5390: 3454:

Modernizing Women: Gender and Social Change in the Middle East

3441:

Modernizing Women: Gender and Social Change in the Middle East

2624:

Although Lebanese laws don't give Lebanese women full rights,

2125: 2098:

United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia

1847:

manuscript from the 12th century, depicting a man playing the

7556: 7381: 7335: 7323: 7125: 7111: 7070: 6847: 6685: 6542: 6528: 6449: 6412: 3746:

Journal of the Institute of Justice and International Studies

3368:

Beck, lois. and Keddic, Nikki. " Women in the Muslim world",

3228: 3001: 2867: 2822: 2709:

ranked the "50 Most Influential Women in the Arab World" as:

2641: 2617: 2608: 2549: 2545: 2533: 2516: 2507: 2502:

Adherence to traditional dress varies across Arab societies.

2493: 2434: 2430: 2421: 2413: 2304: 2300: 2296: 2276: 2272: 2134: 2046: 2032: 1905: 1814: 1778: 258: 196: 6177: 5111:

Saudi king: Women will be allowed to vote and run for office

4195:"Inter Press Service - News and Views from the Global South" 2678:, argue that most of the hostile attitudes towards women in 2580:

conservative Islamic dress, yet this attitude is similar to

2477: 2089:

region. According to its mandate, UN Women works to promote

1721:. She suggested that they lost many of their rights through 7222: 7194: 7144: 7091: 7036: 6549: 6158:"50 Powerful Tech Women in the MENA Business World in 2021" 2901: 2825:

Region. Al-Sulaiman earned a BSc in biochemistry from King

2537: 2324: 2316: 2019:, examples of notable female Muslims who fought during the 1996: 1821: 1690: 1685: 6326:. London, England: Oneworld Publications. pp. 85–91. 5623:"Post-Adoption Reporting Overview - Intercountry Adoption" 5593:"Post-Adoption Reporting Overview - Intercountry Adoption" 4214: 6136: 3902: 3046: 3000:

on the topic of “Sheroes—How Female Leaders are Changing

2588: 2347: 2185: 1849: 6222:"2019 CW Power 100: Donna Sultan of Kuwait's KEO is #51" 6062:

Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project

2845:

Christine Sfeir was only 22 years old when she moved to

2251: 2224: 1717:, she finds that Arab women in Nabataea had independent 5774:. Syracuse University Press. 2011. pp. xix–xxxix. 4105:

Item 62 of the 1971' Egyptian Constitution (in Arabic)

2962:

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

2388:

Women's literary salons and societies in the Arab world

2103: 2074:

International organizations for women in the Arab world

5926:"The high price of feminism in the 'new' Saudi Arabia" 5213: 5211: 5209: 4119:

Item 50 of the 1996' Algeria Constitution (in Arabic)

3405: 221:

Gender representation on corporate boards of directors

3041:

Sovereign" or "Free Woman", through her marriage to

1669: 1709:, patrilineal marriage, and others. Saudi historian 6246:"FAO Leadership: Ismahane Elouafi, Chief Scientist" 5206: 4210: 4208: 3381: 2960:Dr. Ismahane Elouafi is the chief scientist of the 2370:will bolster economies on the macro level as well. 1697:Many writers have discussed the status of women in 60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 6349:Sayyida la-Hurra mujer marroquí de origen Andalusí 6033:A Message To Every Arab Girl - رسالة لكل بنت عربية 5976:Human Rights in the Arab World: Independent Voices 5973: 4348:. New York, NY: Taylor & Francis. p. 10. 3964:U.C. Davis Journal of International Law and Policy 3871: 2888:oldest conglomerates, Y. K. Almoayyed & Sons. 2263:is a Palestinian dramatist, writer and journalist. 5950:"Prehistoric Amazons Inspire Modern Libyan Women" 4962: 4960: 4520: 4518: 3664:"Women and Islam - Oxford Islamic Studies Online" 3570:"Women and Islam - Oxford Islamic Studies Online" 2924:and an active philanthropist committed to seeing 1620:in Egypt, Lebanon, and Syria, and the end of the 1604:, women's social or legal status, their level of 9380: 5974:Chase, and Hamzawy, Anthony T., and Amr (2006). 5067:"Humanitarian - Thomson Reuters Foundation News" 4994:"Humanitarian - Thomson Reuters Foundation News" 4920:"Humanitarian - Thomson Reuters Foundation News" 4874:"Humanitarian - Thomson Reuters Foundation News" 4828:"Humanitarian - Thomson Reuters Foundation News" 4782:"Humanitarian - Thomson Reuters Foundation News" 4736:"Humanitarian - Thomson Reuters Foundation News" 4690:"Humanitarian - Thomson Reuters Foundation News" 4644:"Humanitarian - Thomson Reuters Foundation News" 4598:"Humanitarian - Thomson Reuters Foundation News" 4552:"Humanitarian - Thomson Reuters Foundation News" 4478:"Humanitarian - Thomson Reuters Foundation News" 4205: 3846:"ABCNEWS.com : The Cost of Women in Combat" 3149:Campaign Against Lebanese Rape Law - Article 522 3064:. The Ottoman ruler. Through the cooperation of 2648:, a professor, founded in 2011 an organisation, 2548:and Egypt, the veil is not mandatory. The veil, 2346:In some of the wealthier Arab countries such as 1592:. These differences can be attributed to local 444:Science, technology, engineering and mathematics 6295:"Buthaina Al Ansari on Female Leaders in Qatar" 5891: 5041:African Women and Children: Crisis and Response 4148:"Algerian women claw their way into parliament" 3978:"About us: Regional Office for the Arab States" 2817:(JCC), a prominent center for businesswomen in 2514:are less so. Women are required by law to wear 2323:in 1985 (later removed and re-granted in 2005), 6274:International Center for Biosaline Agriculture 5125: 5123: 5037: 4957: 4515: 4189: 4187: 3375: 2813:women elected office as a board member of the 2520:in only Saudi Arabia; this is enforced by the 2027:(civil wars) as soldiers or generals included 1904:and recognizing women's full personhood. "The 9172: 9024: 8743: 8319: 7912: 6397: 5868:"Egyptian feminist movement: a brief history" 5844:"Independent Lens . SHADYA . Muslim Feminism" 5298:"Why the Arab World should employ more women" 4403: 4167:"Quotas will ensure more women in parliament" 2975:International Maize and Wheat Center (CIMMYT) 1558: 9145:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 6080: 6078: 5998:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 3384:"Saudi scholar finds ancient women's rights" 3382:Hammond, Andrew; Sara Ledwith (2008-04-30). 2056: 27:Attitude and role of women in the Arab world 5120: 4442: 4345:Women in executive power: A global overview 4184: 4136:. March 3, 2005 – via news.bbc.co.uk. 4002:"Status of Arab Women Report: Infographics" 3033:and her father was the founder of the city 9179: 9165: 9038: 9031: 9017: 8757: 8750: 8736: 8326: 8312: 7919: 7905: 6404: 6390: 6155: 5796:"Tunisian women free to marry non-Muslims" 4313: 4311: 4309: 4307: 4305: 3765: 3698: 2809:Lama Al-Sulaiman was one of the first two 2609:Arab women's rights and legal restrictions 2569:counters both sorts of externally imposed 2506:is more traditional, while countries like 1674: 1565: 1551: 6075: 5507: 5497: 5480:Golkowska, Krystyna Urbisz (2014-09-01). 5479: 4460: 4267: 3308: 3298: 3287:BMC International Health and Human Rights 2362:decades but women still do not get jobs. 1828: 140:in the 1880s; the reclining girl holds a 120:Learn how and when to remove this message 6317: 6315: 5217: 3707: 3691: 3689: 3640: 3638: 3636: 3634: 3490:"Aspects of Pre-Islamic Arabian Society" 3411: 3339: 3337: 2660:through male guardianship over spouses. 2476: 2255: 2124: 2107: 1940: 1838: 1684: 1631:Traditionally, Arab societies have been 131: 5675: 5530: 5189:Economica: Women and the Global Economy 5160:Economica: Women and the Global Economy 4410:Journal of Women, Politics & Policy 4302: 4292:"The World of Parliaments - Issue N°23" 3961: 3863: 2698: 1817:improved women's status, by the second 1745:, for example, the religious edicts of 14: 9381: 6369: 6346: 6321: 5064: 4991: 4917: 4871: 4825: 4779: 4733: 4687: 4641: 4595: 4549: 4475: 4404:Abdo-Katsipis, Carla B. (2017-10-02). 4164: 3549:Available here via GoogleBooks preview 3253: 2674:supporters, such as Egyptian activist 2644:, a rather conservative Arab country, 2589:Conflation of Muslim and Arab identity 2552:in Arabic, means anything that hides. 2145:The first Arab woman head of state is 1761:. In other places such as the city of 9160: 9012: 8731: 8307: 7900: 7642: 7410: 7026: 6385: 6312: 5819: 5766: 5764: 5736: 5426: 5424: 5422: 5295: 5243: 4341: 4249: 4033: 3869: 3812: 3806: 3743: 3739: 3737: 3686: 3631: 3543:, with DeLong-Bas, Natana J. (2001). 3417:Women in Pre-Islamic Arabia: Nabataea 3334: 3072:In 1541 she married the ruler of Fes 3056:, Stemming from the aftermath of the 2987: 2738:Shaikha Noora Bint Khalifa Al Khalifa 2252:Active and passive suffrage for women 2225:The poor representation and solutions 1991:In the 12th century, the most famous 9186: 7411: 7027: 6226:Construction Week Online Middle East 5892:Graham-Harrison, Emma (2018-08-22). 4368: 3776:Labour in the Medieval Islamic World 3523:Maan, Bashir and Alastair McIntosh. 3114:Human trafficking in the Middle East 2472: 2104:Women in the contemporary Arab world 717:Gender representation in video games 58:adding citations to reliable sources 29: 8333: 5044:. Greenwood Publishing. p. 8. 4037:Women in Parliament: Beyond Numbers 3917: 3204:Women's political rights in Bahrain 3011: 2949: 2804: 24: 5761: 5419: 3930: 3903:Hale, Sarah Josepha Buell (1853). 3734: 2840: 1892:in the seventh century, regarding 1670:History of women in the Arab world 25: 9440: 9419:Women's rights in the Middle East 7926: 5324:Population and Development Review 5185:"The Business of Women Slideshow" 5156:"Women's Empowerment, Arab Style" 4134:"Arab women increase MP presence" 3256:"The changing role of Arab women" 2873: 2437:did not forbid female education. 2380:Women's education in Saudi Arabia 2174:International Parliamentary Union 2045:(1867-1941) was one of the first 8873:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 8634:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic 8404:Democratic Republic of the Congo 8287: 8278: 8277: 7881: 7880: 7869: 7390:Schools of islamic jurisprudence 6580:Timeline of the history of Islam 6411: 6363: 6340: 6287: 6262: 6238: 6214: 6190: 6170: 6156:McAllister, Fiona (2021-03-15). 6149: 6129: 6104: 6050: 6024: 6006: 5967: 5942: 5918: 5885: 5860: 5296:MASRI, FIRAS (6 February 2017). 5269: 4383:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2014.05.004 4165:Dudman, Jane (2 December 2013). 4121:inherited from previous versions 4107:inherited from previous versions 3529:Rev Prof William Montgomery Watt 3079:Tragically, Aicha's marriage to 2911: 2384:Madrasah § Female education 2334: 2029:Nusaybah Bint k’ab Al Maziniyyah 1934:and privileges in the sphere of 1877: 234:Diversity, equity, and inclusion 161: 34: 7741:List of ex-Muslim organisations 6374:. New York: St. Martin's Press. 6137:"World Lebanese Cultural Union" 6040:from the original on 2021-12-14 6018:D+C - Development + Cooperation 5836: 5813: 5788: 5730: 5704: 5678:Information Standards Quarterly 5669: 5645: 5615: 5585: 5563: 5537:Gender, Work & Organization 5524: 5473: 5448: 5366: 5342: 5315: 5289: 5263: 5237: 5218:EL-SWAIS, MAHA (9 March 2016). 5177: 5148: 5104: 5058: 5031: 4985: 4911: 4865: 4819: 4773: 4727: 4681: 4635: 4589: 4543: 4469: 4436: 4397: 4362: 4335: 4284: 4243: 4158: 4140: 4126: 4112: 4098: 4087: 4076: 4065: 4027: 4018: 3994: 3970: 3955: 3911: 3907:. Harper Brothers. p. 120. 3896: 3878:. John Wiley and Sons. p. 3838: 3813:Ahmad, Jamil (September 1994). 3793: 3756: 3725: 3716: 3656: 3647: 3616: 3592: 3562: 3534: 3517: 3508: 3482: 3463: 3394:from the original on 2013-08-10 3124:Sexual taboo in the Middle East 3109:Human rights in the Middle East 3081:Abu al-Abbas Ahmad ibn Muhammad 3074:Abu al-Abbas Ahmad ibn Muhammad 2970:Canadian Food Inspection Agency 2932: 2853:, Canada, and opened the first 1693:women, fourth to sixth century. 45:needs additional citations for 9207:Federated States of Micronesia 8245:British Indian Ocean Territory 6324:A history of islam in 21 women 5436:middleeast.library.cornell.edu 5407:middleeast.library.cornell.edu 5191:. October 2009. Archived from 5162:. October 2009. Archived from 3446: 3433: 3362: 3325: 3274: 3247: 3214:Women's rights in Saudi Arabia 2964:(FAO), since 2020. She joined 2307:in 1967 (full right) in 1970, 1959:Islamic economics in the world 1898:The Oxford Dictionary of Islam 13: 1: 6086:"Most Influential Women 2018" 6058:"Muslim Beliefs About Sharia" 5065:Foundation, Thomson Reuters. 4992:Foundation, Thomson Reuters. 4918:Foundation, Thomson Reuters. 4872:Foundation, Thomson Reuters. 4826:Foundation, Thomson Reuters. 4780:Foundation, Thomson Reuters. 4734:Foundation, Thomson Reuters. 4688:Foundation, Thomson Reuters. 4642:Foundation, Thomson Reuters. 4596:Foundation, Thomson Reuters. 4550:Foundation, Thomson Reuters. 4476:Foundation, Thomson Reuters. 4422:10.1080/1554477X.2016.1268870 3918:Rao, Mallika (8 April 2014). 3731:Haddad, Esposito (1998) p.163 3551:. Syracuse University Press. 3240: 2049:female physicians. She was a 1952: 8998:United States Virgin Islands 7726:Apostasy in Islam by country 7593:Liberalism and progressivism 6347:Grimau, Ricardo Gil (2000). 5820:Sadek, George (2018-12-04). 5531:Barsoum, Ghada (July 2019). 5244:KANSO, HEBA (7 March 2018). 3668:www.oxfordislamicstudies.com 3574:www.oxfordislamicstudies.com 3104:Democracy in the Middle East 2373: 2039:and Wafeira, and Um Umarah. 685:Portrayal in American comics 276:Heads of state or government 7: 3091: 2650:The Female Amazons of Libya 2120: 1681:Women in pre-Islamic Arabia 10: 9445: 7643: 5571:"freedomhouse.org: Jordan" 4217:Management Research Review 3762:Maya Shatzmiller, pp. 6–7. 3545:Women in Muslim Family Law 3015: 2953: 2877: 2815:Jeddah Chamber of Commerce 2491: 2377: 1956: 1881: 1832: 1678: 9298: 9275: 9194: 9119: 9046: 8973:Saint Pierre and Miquelon 8891: 8765: 8759:Women in North America 8647: 8622: 8341: 8273: 8232: 8192: 7934: 7864: 7749: 7716: 7656: 7652: 7638: 7565: 7532: 7504:Geography and cartography 7479: 7426: 7422: 7406: 7232: 7154: 7101: 7050: 7046: 7022: 6892: 6716: 6676: 6559: 6511: 6435: 6431: 6420: 5743:Contemporary Arab Affairs 4462:10.1017/S1743923X16000027 3801:University of Texas Press 3300:10.1186/s12914-019-0215-5 3199:Women in Muslim societies 2689:Muslim majority countries 2451: 2057:Challenges for Arab Women 1890:early reforms under Islam 1884:Early reforms under Islam 69:"Women in the Arab world" 9429:Women's rights in Africa 9394:Gender in the Arab world 9353:Northern Mariana Islands 9040:Women in South America 8993:Turks and Caicos Islands 8389:Central African Republic 7994:East Timor (Timor-Leste) 7823:Islamic view of miracles 6322:Kamaly, Hossein (2019). 6014:"Creative and Committed" 5690:10.3789/isqv23n2.2011.07 5657:Dar al-Ifta al Misriyyah 4250:Elius, Mohammad (2010). 4229:10.1108/mrr-08-2016-0186 3600:"Surah Ali 'Imran - 195" 3458:Lynne Rienner Publishers 3370:Harvard University Press 3062:Suleiman the Magnificent 3004:” on November 17, 2014. 9399:Women's rights in Islam 9318:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 8255:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 7578:Creationism (evolution) 5038:Apollo Rwomire (2001). 4443:Ben Shitrit, L (2016). 4371:Social Science Research 4034:Karam, Azza M. (1998). 3704:Esposito (2004), p. 339 3452:Valentine M. Moghadam. 3154:Egyptian Feminist Union 3119:LGBT in the Middle East 2561:Zine El Abidine Ben Ali 2003:, known to the West as 1923:William Montgomery Watt 1800:William Montgomery Watt 1675:Arab women before Islam 1578:Women in the Arab world 271:Conservatives in the US 244:Explorers and travelers 9424:Women's rights in Asia 8923:British Virgin Islands 7838:Persecution of Muslims 7736:List of former Muslims 6585:Succession to Muhammad 6370:Hambly, Gavin (1998). 6270:"Dr. Ismahane Elouafi" 5737:Hatem, Mervat (2013). 5499:10.2478/ipcj-2014-0004 4269:10.3329/afj.v4i0.12941 3982:UN Women | Arab States 3653:Jones, Lindsay. p.6224 3439:Unni Wikan, review of 3194:Women and Memory Forum 3159:Female genital cutting 2489: 2484:, a key figure of the 2264: 2165:in the Arab world was 2142: 2117: 1949: 1872:Khadija bint Khuwaylid 1858: 1829:Arab women after Islam 1694: 574:In Shakespeare's works 145: 9301:and other territories 8863:Saint Kitts and Nevis 8549:São Tomé and Príncipe 8409:Republic of the Congo 7622:Conversion to mosques 7489:Alchemy and chemistry 5117:, September 25, 2011. 4449:Politics & Gender 4323:Middle East Institute 4152:english.alarabiya.net 3870:Black, Edwin (2004). 3722:Maan, McIntosh (1999) 3644:Esposito (2005) p. 79 3372:, London, 1978, p.37. 3043:Abu Hassan al-Mandari 2982:Global Thinkers Forum 2480: 2433:that states that the 2259: 2128: 2111: 1944: 1931:right to own property 1855:Hadith Bayad wa Riyad 1842: 1765:(Mecca) -- where the 1688: 330:Nobel Prize laureates 135: 9414:Middle Eastern women 8169:United Arab Emirates 7348:Ma malakat aymanukum 6923:Association football 6822:Moderate Kharijites 5575:www.freedomhouse.org 5135:World Economic Forum 4256:Arts Faculty Journal 3803:, Austin, 1994, p.25 3713:Schimmel (1992) p.65 3674:on December 19, 2019 3355:). Routledge: 2003, 3066:Hayreddin Barbarossa 3054:John III of Portugal 2777:Rania Mahmoud Nashar 2699:Prominent Arab women 2426:United Arab Emirates 2163:Member of Parliament 2129:Egyptian politician 1753:held sway among the 1487:United Arab Emirates 424:in the United States 239:Economic development 229:Diversity (politics) 215:Female entrepreneurs 54:improve this article 8878:Trinidad and Tobago 8773:Antigua and Barbuda 8624:States with limited 8196:limited recognition 5826:Library of Congress 5354:Pew Research Center 3850:www.realnews247.com 3820:Monthly Renaissance 3580:on February 1, 2014 3254:Zurayk, H. (1979). 3169:Negev Bedouin women 2996:, delivered a CIRS 2680:Muslim male culture 2319:(full right) 1980, 2141:and the Arab world. 2139:Parliament in Egypt 2043:Sabat M. Islambouli 1993:Islamic philosopher 1914:patriarchal society 1472:Trinidad and Tobago 707:Speculative fiction 600:Theological figures 545:Feminist philosophy 345:Reproductive rights 151:Part of a series on 9188:Women in Oceania 8813:Dominican Republic 7843:Quran and miracles 7757:Criticism of Islam 7461:Geometric patterns 7313:Gender segregation 6884:Non-denominational 6112:"Lama Al-Sulaiman" 6090:Forbes Middle East 5832:on 5 January 2023. 5549:10.1111/gwao.12285 5336:10.1111/padr.12142 5096:has generic name ( 5023:has generic name ( 4968:"Women's Suffrage" 4949:has generic name ( 4903:has generic name ( 4857:has generic name ( 4811:has generic name ( 4765:has generic name ( 4719:has generic name ( 4673:has generic name ( 4627:has generic name ( 4581:has generic name ( 4526:"Women's Suffrage" 4507:has generic name ( 3966:. 18 (2): 454–464. 3547:, 2nd revised Ed. 3475:2013-08-10 at the 2988:Buthaina Al Ansari 2897:Forbes Middle East 2756:Forbes Middle East 2714:Jeehan Abdul Qadir 2490: 2265: 2143: 2118: 1950: 1918:Annemarie Schimmel 1902:female infanticide 1859: 1739:pre-Islamic Arabia 1703:female infanticide 1699:pre-Islamic Arabia 1695: 1037:Dominican Republic 804:Mixed martial arts 774:Fastpitch softball 355:Violence and abuse 340:Positions of power 146: 9376: 9375: 9368:Wallis and Futuna 9276:Associated states 9154: 9153: 9126:other territories 9006: 9005: 8895:other territories 8725: 8724: 8651:other territories 8424:Equatorial Guinea 8335:Women in Africa 8301: 8300: 8238:other territories 7894: 7893: 7860: 7859: 7856: 7855: 7828:Domestic violence 7818:Islamic terrorism 7813:Islamic extremism 7634: 7633: 7630: 7629: 7402: 7401: 7398: 7397: 7188:Marriage contract 7018: 7017: 6978:Political aspects 6707:Story of Prophets 6476:Prophets of Islam 6333:978-1-78607-632-8 6202:Those Who Inspire 6116:WISE Muslim Women 6021:, 23 August 2019. 5781:978-0-8156-3223-8 5718:on 7 January 2008 4342:Bauer, G (2011). 4223:(10): 1058–1080. 4050:978-91-89098-19-0 3889:978-0-471-70895-7 3625:Jami' at-Tirmidhi 3541:Esposito, John L. 3479:Dr. Younus Shaikh 3426:978-1-4073-0095-5 3343:Turner, Brian S. 2916:Mona Bawarshi is 2770:Raja Easa al-Gurg 2722:Ghosson Al Khaled 2473:Traditional dress 2155:Wassila Bourguiba 2114:Rania Al-Abdullah 1743:Arabian Peninsula 1575: 1574: 779:Football / soccer 702:Fictional pirates 494:Art history field 370:Exchange of women 136:Three women from 130: 129: 122: 104: 16:(Redirected from 9436: 9358:Pitcairn Islands 9328:French Polynesia 9313:Christmas Island 9242:Papua New Guinea 9222:Marshall Islands 9195:Sovereign states 9181: 9174: 9167: 9158: 9157: 9146: 9134:Falkland Islands 9048:Sovereign states 9033: 9026: 9019: 9010: 9009: 8963:Saint Barthélemy 8893:Dependencies and 8766:Sovereign states 8752: 8745: 8738: 8729: 8728: 8712: 8711:(United Kingdom) 8707:Tristan da Cunha 8703:Ascension Island 8695: 8682: 8673: 8649:Dependencies and 8342:Sovereign states 8328: 8321: 8314: 8305: 8304: 8291: 8281: 8280: 8250:Christmas Island 7936:Sovereign states 7921: 7914: 7907: 7898: 7897: 7884: 7883: 7876:Islam portal 7874: 7873: 7872: 7654: 7653: 7646: 7640: 7639: 7481:Medieval science 7424: 7423: 7414: 7408: 7407: 7065:Economic history 7048: 7047: 7024: 7023: 7010:Islam by country 6795:Bektashi Alevism 6433: 6432: 6424:Outline of Islam 6406: 6399: 6392: 6383: 6382: 6376: 6375: 6367: 6361: 6360: 6344: 6338: 6337: 6319: 6310: 6309: 6307: 6306: 6291: 6285: 6284: 6282: 6281: 6266: 6260: 6259: 6257: 6256: 6242: 6236: 6235: 6233: 6232: 6218: 6212: 6211: 6209: 6208: 6194: 6188: 6187: 6185: 6184: 6178:"Mona Almoayyed" 6174: 6168: 6167: 6165: 6164: 6153: 6147: 6146: 6144: 6143: 6133: 6127: 6126: 6124: 6123: 6108: 6102: 6101: 6099: 6097: 6082: 6073: 6072: 6070: 6069: 6054: 6048: 6047: 6046: 6045: 6028: 6022: 6010: 6004: 6003: 5997: 5989: 5971: 5965: 5964: 5962: 5961: 5946: 5940: 5939: 5937: 5936: 5922: 5916: 5915: 5913: 5912: 5889: 5883: 5882: 5880: 5879: 5864: 5858: 5857: 5855: 5854: 5840: 5834: 5833: 5828:. Archived from 5817: 5811: 5810: 5808: 5807: 5792: 5786: 5785: 5768: 5759: 5758: 5734: 5728: 5727: 5725: 5723: 5714:. Archived from 5708: 5702: 5701: 5673: 5667: 5666: 5664: 5663: 5649: 5643: 5642: 5640: 5638: 5629:. Archived from 5627:travel.state.gov 5619: 5613: 5612: 5610: 5608: 5599:. Archived from 5597:travel.state.gov 5589: 5583: 5582: 5577:. Archived from 5567: 5561: 5560: 5528: 5522: 5521: 5511: 5501: 5477: 5471: 5470: 5468: 5467: 5452: 5446: 5445: 5443: 5442: 5428: 5417: 5416: 5414: 5413: 5399: 5388: 5387: 5385: 5384: 5370: 5364: 5363: 5361: 5360: 5346: 5340: 5339: 5319: 5313: 5312: 5310: 5308: 5293: 5287: 5286: 5284: 5282: 5267: 5261: 5260: 5258: 5256: 5241: 5235: 5234: 5232: 5230: 5215: 5204: 5203: 5201: 5200: 5181: 5175: 5174: 5172: 5171: 5152: 5146: 5145: 5143: 5142: 5127: 5118: 5108: 5102: 5101: 5095: 5091: 5089: 5081: 5079: 5077: 5071:www.alertnet.org 5062: 5056: 5055: 5035: 5029: 5028: 5022: 5018: 5016: 5008: 5006: 5004: 4998:www.alertnet.org 4989: 4983: 4982: 4980: 4978: 4964: 4955: 4954: 4948: 4944: 4942: 4934: 4932: 4930: 4924:www.alertnet.org 4915: 4909: 4908: 4902: 4898: 4896: 4888: 4886: 4884: 4878:www.alertnet.org 4869: 4863: 4862: 4856: 4852: 4850: 4842: 4840: 4838: 4832:www.alertnet.org 4823: 4817: 4816: 4810: 4806: 4804: 4796: 4794: 4792: 4786:www.alertnet.org 4777: 4771: 4770: 4764: 4760: 4758: 4750: 4748: 4746: 4740:www.alertnet.org 4731: 4725: 4724: 4718: 4714: 4712: 4704: 4702: 4700: 4694:www.alertnet.org 4685: 4679: 4678: 4672: 4668: 4666: 4658: 4656: 4654: 4648:www.alertnet.org 4639: 4633: 4632: 4626: 4622: 4620: 4612: 4610: 4608: 4602:www.alertnet.org 4593: 4587: 4586: 4580: 4576: 4574: 4566: 4564: 4562: 4556:www.alertnet.org 4547: 4541: 4540: 4538: 4536: 4522: 4513: 4512: 4506: 4502: 4500: 4492: 4490: 4488: 4482:www.alertnet.org 4473: 4467: 4466: 4464: 4440: 4434: 4433: 4401: 4395: 4394: 4366: 4360: 4359: 4339: 4333: 4332: 4330: 4329: 4315: 4300: 4299: 4288: 4282: 4281: 4271: 4247: 4241: 4240: 4212: 4203: 4202: 4191: 4182: 4181: 4179: 4177: 4162: 4156: 4155: 4144: 4138: 4137: 4130: 4124: 4116: 4110: 4102: 4096: 4091: 4085: 4080: 4074: 4069: 4063: 4062: 4042: 4031: 4025: 4022: 4016: 4015: 4013: 4012: 3998: 3992: 3991: 3989: 3988: 3974: 3968: 3967: 3959: 3953: 3952: 3950: 3949: 3934: 3928: 3927: 3915: 3909: 3908: 3900: 3894: 3893: 3877: 3867: 3861: 3860: 3858: 3856: 3842: 3836: 3835: 3833: 3832: 3810: 3804: 3797: 3791: 3780:Brill Publishers 3772:Maya Shatzmiller 3769: 3763: 3760: 3754: 3753: 3741: 3732: 3729: 3723: 3720: 3714: 3711: 3705: 3702: 3696: 3693: 3684: 3683: 3681: 3679: 3670:. Archived from 3660: 3654: 3651: 3645: 3642: 3629: 3628: 3620: 3614: 3613: 3611: 3610: 3596: 3590: 3589: 3587: 3585: 3576:. Archived from 3566: 3560: 3538: 3532: 3521: 3515: 3512: 3506: 3505: 3503: 3501: 3492:. Archived from 3486: 3480: 3467: 3461: 3460:, US, 1993) p. 5 3450: 3444: 3437: 3431: 3430: 3413:al-Fassi, Hatoon 3409: 3403: 3402: 3400: 3399: 3379: 3373: 3366: 3360: 3341: 3332: 3329: 3323: 3322: 3312: 3302: 3278: 3272: 3271: 3251: 3219:Sayyida al Hurra 3209:Duma (2011 film) 3189:Shajarat al-Durr 3164:Gender apartheid 3023:Sayyida al Hurra 3018:Sayyida al Hurra 3012:Sayyida al Hurra 2998:Monthly Dialogue 2956:Ismahane Elouafi 2950:Ismahane Elouafi 2805:Lama Al-Sulaiman 2787:Shaikha al-Bahar 2783:Eaman al-Roudhan 2742:Ebtesam Al Ketbi 2706:Arabian Business 2567:Islamic feminism 2522:religious police 2021:Muslim conquests 1946:Sabat Islambouli 1767:prophet of Islam 1618:Arab Renaissance 1567: 1560: 1553: 1237:Marshall Islands 814:Paralympic Games 445: 222: 187: 165: 156:Women in society 148: 147: 125: 118: 114: 111: 105: 103: 62: 38: 30: 21: 9444: 9443: 9439: 9438: 9437: 9435: 9434: 9433: 9409:Women in Africa 9379: 9378: 9377: 9372: 9300: 9294: 9277: 9271: 9252:Solomon Islands 9190: 9185: 9155: 9150: 9144: 9127: 9125: 9115: 9042: 9037: 9007: 9002: 8896: 8894: 8887: 8761: 8756: 8726: 8721: 8720: 8710: 8693: 8680: 8671: 8652: 8650: 8643: 8627: 8625: 8618: 8337: 8332: 8302: 8297: 8269: 8237: 8228: 8209:Northern Cyprus 8195: 8188: 7930: 7925: 7895: 7890: 7870: 7868: 7852: 7774:Cultural Muslim 7745: 7712: 7658:Other religions 7648: 7644: 7626: 7561: 7528: 7475: 7418: 7416:Islamic studies 7412: 7394: 7228: 7173: 7150: 7097: 7042: 7041: 7014: 6963:Moral teachings 6906: 6888: 6862:Nation of Islam 6775:Twelver Shi'ism 6712: 6678:Religious texts 6672: 6590:Early conquests 6573: 6555: 6507: 6427: 6416: 6410: 6380: 6379: 6368: 6364: 6345: 6341: 6334: 6320: 6313: 6304: 6302: 6293: 6292: 6288: 6279: 6277: 6268: 6267: 6263: 6254: 6252: 6244: 6243: 6239: 6230: 6228: 6220: 6219: 6215: 6206: 6204: 6196: 6195: 6191: 6182: 6180: 6176: 6175: 6171: 6162: 6160: 6154: 6150: 6141: 6139: 6135: 6134: 6130: 6121: 6119: 6110: 6109: 6105: 6095: 6093: 6084: 6083: 6076: 6067: 6065: 6056: 6055: 6051: 6043: 6041: 6030: 6029: 6025: 6011: 6007: 5991: 5990: 5986: 5972: 5968: 5959: 5957: 5948: 5947: 5943: 5934: 5932: 5930:Washington Post 5924: 5923: 5919: 5910: 5908: 5890: 5886: 5877: 5875: 5866: 5865: 5861: 5852: 5850: 5842: 5841: 5837: 5818: 5814: 5805: 5803: 5794: 5793: 5789: 5782: 5770: 5769: 5762: 5735: 5731: 5721: 5719: 5712:"cantonrep.com" 5710: 5709: 5705: 5674: 5670: 5661: 5659: 5651: 5650: 5646: 5636: 5634: 5621: 5620: 5616: 5606: 5604: 5591: 5590: 5586: 5569: 5568: 5564: 5529: 5525: 5478: 5474: 5465: 5463: 5454: 5453: 5449: 5440: 5438: 5430: 5429: 5420: 5411: 5409: 5401: 5400: 5391: 5382: 5380: 5372: 5371: 5367: 5358: 5356: 5348: 5347: 5343: 5320: 5316: 5306: 5304: 5294: 5290: 5280: 5278: 5276:The Arab Weekly 5268: 5264: 5254: 5252: 5242: 5238: 5228: 5226: 5216: 5207: 5198: 5196: 5183: 5182: 5178: 5169: 5167: 5154: 5153: 5149: 5140: 5138: 5129: 5128: 5121: 5109: 5105: 5093: 5092: 5083: 5082: 5075: 5073: 5063: 5059: 5052: 5036: 5032: 5020: 5019: 5010: 5009: 5002: 5000: 4990: 4986: 4976: 4974: 4966: 4965: 4958: 4946: 4945: 4936: 4935: 4928: 4926: 4916: 4912: 4900: 4899: 4890: 4889: 4882: 4880: 4870: 4866: 4854: 4853: 4844: 4843: 4836: 4834: 4824: 4820: 4808: 4807: 4798: 4797: 4790: 4788: 4778: 4774: 4762: 4761: 4752: 4751: 4744: 4742: 4732: 4728: 4716: 4715: 4706: 4705: 4698: 4696: 4686: 4682: 4670: 4669: 4660: 4659: 4652: 4650: 4640: 4636: 4624: 4623: 4614: 4613: 4606: 4604: 4594: 4590: 4578: 4577: 4568: 4567: 4560: 4558: 4548: 4544: 4534: 4532: 4524: 4523: 4516: 4504: 4503: 4494: 4493: 4486: 4484: 4474: 4470: 4441: 4437: 4402: 4398: 4367: 4363: 4356: 4340: 4336: 4327: 4325: 4317: 4316: 4303: 4290: 4289: 4285: 4248: 4244: 4213: 4206: 4193: 4192: 4185: 4175: 4173: 4163: 4159: 4146: 4145: 4141: 4132: 4131: 4127: 4117: 4113: 4103: 4099: 4092: 4088: 4081: 4077: 4070: 4066: 4051: 4040: 4032: 4028: 4023: 4019: 4010: 4008: 4006:www.unescwa.org 4000: 3999: 3995: 3986: 3984: 3976: 3975: 3971: 3960: 3956: 3947: 3945: 3936: 3935: 3931: 3924:Huffington Post 3916: 3912: 3901: 3897: 3890: 3868: 3864: 3854: 3852: 3844: 3843: 3839: 3830: 3828: 3811: 3807: 3798: 3794: 3770: 3766: 3761: 3757: 3742: 3735: 3730: 3726: 3721: 3717: 3712: 3708: 3703: 3699: 3695:Khadduri (1978) 3694: 3687: 3677: 3675: 3662: 3661: 3657: 3652: 3648: 3643: 3632: 3621: 3617: 3608: 3606: 3598: 3597: 3593: 3583: 3581: 3568: 3567: 3563: 3559:(pbk); pp. 4-5. 3539: 3535: 3522: 3518: 3513: 3509: 3499: 3497: 3488: 3487: 3483: 3477:Wayback Machine 3470:Islam and Women 3468: 3464: 3451: 3447: 3438: 3434: 3427: 3410: 3406: 3397: 3395: 3388:Thomson Reuters 3380: 3376: 3367: 3363: 3342: 3335: 3330: 3326: 3279: 3275: 3252: 3248: 3243: 3238: 3224:Arwa al-Sulayhi 3139:Arab Christians 3094: 3020: 3014: 2990: 2958: 2952: 2935: 2914: 2882: 2876: 2843: 2841:Christine Sfeir 2807: 2802: 2792:Mona al-Moayyed 2780:Khawla al-Asadi 2774:Renuka Jagtiani 2765:Lubna al-Olayan 2752: 2734:Muna Al Hashemi 2729:Faten Al-Naqeeb 2725:Najla al Ghanim 2718:Isobel Abulhoul 2701: 2611: 2591: 2500: 2498:Sartorial hijab 2475: 2462:lifting the ban 2454: 2390: 2376: 2337: 2254: 2227: 2213:Najla al Awadhi 2159:Habib Bourguiba 2123: 2106: 2091:gender equality 2076: 2059: 1961: 1955: 1886: 1880: 1843:A page from an 1837: 1831: 1796:Islamic studies 1711:Hatoon al-Fassi 1683: 1677: 1672: 1571: 1542: 1541: 877: 867: 866: 859: 847:Track and field 734: 724: 723: 675: 674:Popular culture 667: 666: 595: 594: 579: 578: 533:Science fiction 479: 478: 460: 459: 443: 394: 393: 375: 374: 350:Venture capital 315:Law enforcement 220: 205:Animal advocacy 201: 181: 178:Women's history 173: 126: 115: 109: 106: 63: 61: 51: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 9442: 9432: 9431: 9426: 9421: 9416: 9411: 9406: 9401: 9396: 9391: 9374: 9373: 9371: 9370: 9365: 9360: 9355: 9350: 9348:Norfolk Island 9345: 9340: 9335: 9330: 9325: 9320: 9315: 9310: 9308:American Samoa 9304: 9302: 9296: 9295: 9293: 9292: 9287: 9281: 9279: 9278:of New Zealand 9273: 9272: 9270: 9269: 9264: 9259: 9254: 9249: 9244: 9239: 9234: 9229: 9224: 9219: 9214: 9209: 9204: 9198: 9196: 9192: 9191: 9184: 9183: 9176: 9169: 9161: 9152: 9151: 9149: 9148: 9141: 9136: 9130: 9128: 9120: 9117: 9116: 9114: 9113: 9108: 9103: 9098: 9093: 9088: 9083: 9078: 9073: 9068: 9063: 9058: 9052: 9050: 9044: 9043: 9036: 9035: 9028: 9021: 9013: 9004: 9003: 9001: 9000: 8995: 8990: 8985: 8983:Sint Eustatius 8980: 8975: 8970: 8965: 8960: 8955: 8950: 8945: 8940: 8935: 8930: 8928:Cayman Islands 8925: 8920: 8915: 8910: 8905: 8899: 8897: 8892: 8889: 8888: 8886: 8885: 8880: 8875: 8870: 8865: 8860: 8855: 8850: 8845: 8840: 8835: 8830: 8825: 8820: 8815: 8810: 8805: 8800: 8795: 8790: 8785: 8780: 8775: 8769: 8767: 8763: 8762: 8755: 8754: 8747: 8740: 8732: 8723: 8722: 8719: 8718: 8716:Western Sahara 8713: 8696: 8683: 8674: 8660:Canary Islands 8656: 8655: 8653: 8648: 8645: 8644: 8642: 8641: 8636: 8630: 8628: 8623: 8620: 8619: 8617: 8616: 8611: 8606: 8601: 8596: 8591: 8586: 8581: 8576: 8571: 8566: 8561: 8556: 8551: 8546: 8541: 8536: 8531: 8526: 8521: 8516: 8511: 8506: 8501: 8496: 8491: 8486: 8481: 8476: 8471: 8466: 8461: 8456: 8451: 8446: 8441: 8436: 8431: 8426: 8421: 8416: 8411: 8406: 8401: 8396: 8391: 8386: 8381: 8376: 8371: 8366: 8361: 8356: 8351: 8345: 8343: 8339: 8338: 8331: 8330: 8323: 8316: 8308: 8299: 8298: 8296: 8295: 8285: 8274: 8271: 8270: 8268: 8267: 8262: 8257: 8252: 8247: 8241: 8239: 8230: 8229: 8227: 8226: 8221: 8216: 8211: 8206: 8200: 8198: 8190: 8189: 8187: 8186: 8181: 8176: 8171: 8166: 8161: 8156: 8151: 8146: 8141: 8136: 8131: 8126: 8121: 8116: 8111: 8106: 8101: 8096: 8091: 8086: 8081: 8076: 8071: 8066: 8061: 8056: 8051: 8046: 8041: 8036: 8031: 8026: 8021: 8016: 8011: 8006: 8001: 7996: 7991: 7986: 7981: 7976: 7971: 7966: 7961: 7956: 7951: 7946: 7940: 7938: 7932: 7931: 7928:Women in Asia 7924: 7923: 7916: 7909: 7901: 7892: 7891: 7889: 7888: 7878: 7865: 7862: 7861: 7858: 7857: 7854: 7853: 7851: 7850: 7845: 7840: 7835: 7830: 7825: 7820: 7815: 7810: 7809: 7808: 7798: 7797: 7796: 7791: 7786: 7776: 7771: 7770: 7769: 7764: 7753: 7751: 7750:Related topics 7747: 7746: 7744: 7743: 7738: 7733: 7728: 7722: 7720: 7714: 7713: 7711: 7710: 7705: 7700: 7695: 7690: 7685: 7684: 7683: 7678: 7673: 7662: 7660: 7650: 7649: 7636: 7635: 7632: 7631: 7628: 7627: 7625: 7624: 7619: 7612: 7607: 7606: 7605: 7595: 7590: 7585: 7580: 7575: 7569: 7567: 7563: 7562: 7560: 7559: 7554: 7549: 7544: 7538: 7536: 7530: 7529: 7527: 7526: 7521: 7516: 7511: 7506: 7501: 7496: 7491: 7485: 7483: 7477: 7476: 7474: 7473: 7468: 7463: 7458: 7453: 7448: 7443: 7438: 7432: 7430: 7420: 7419: 7404: 7403: 7400: 7399: 7396: 7395: 7393: 7392: 7387: 7386: 7385: 7373: 7371:Sources of law 7368: 7363: 7362: 7361: 7351: 7344: 7339: 7332: 7327: 7320: 7315: 7310: 7305: 7300: 7295: 7290: 7285: 7278: 7271: 7270: 7269: 7264: 7259: 7249: 7244: 7236: 7234: 7230: 7229: 7227: 7226: 7219: 7212: 7205: 7198: 7191: 7184: 7176: 7174: 7172: 7171: 7166: 7161: 7155: 7152: 7151: 7149: 7148: 7141: 7136: 7129: 7122: 7115: 7107: 7105: 7099: 7098: 7096: 7095: 7088: 7081: 7074: 7067: 7062: 7056: 7054: 7044: 7043: 7040: 7039: 7034: 7028: 7020: 7019: 7016: 7015: 7013: 7012: 7007: 7002: 6997: 6995:Social welfare 6992: 6987: 6980: 6975: 6970: 6965: 6960: 6955: 6950: 6945: 6940: 6935: 6930: 6925: 6920: 6915: 6909: 6907: 6905: 6904: 6899: 6893: 6890: 6889: 6887: 6886: 6881: 6876: 6875: 6874: 6864: 6859: 6858: 6857: 6852: 6851: 6850: 6845: 6844: 6843: 6838: 6833: 6820: 6806: 6805: 6804: 6799: 6798: 6797: 6787: 6782: 6777: 6767: 6762: 6761: 6760: 6759: 6758: 6748: 6743: 6738: 6733: 6722: 6720: 6714: 6713: 6711: 6710: 6703: 6698: 6693: 6688: 6682: 6680: 6674: 6673: 6671: 6670: 6669: 6668: 6663: 6658: 6653: 6648: 6643: 6638: 6633: 6621: 6616: 6609: 6602: 6600:Historiography 6597: 6592: 6587: 6582: 6576: 6574: 6572: 6571: 6566: 6560: 6557: 6556: 6554: 6553: 6546: 6539: 6532: 6525: 6517: 6515: 6509: 6508: 6506: 6505: 6500: 6495: 6488: 6483: 6478: 6473: 6472: 6471: 6461: 6454: 6453: 6452: 6441: 6439: 6429: 6428: 6421: 6418: 6417: 6409: 6408: 6401: 6394: 6386: 6378: 6377: 6362: 6339: 6332: 6311: 6286: 6261: 6237: 6213: 6189: 6169: 6148: 6128: 6118:. 30 June 2010 6103: 6074: 6049: 6023: 6012:Naggar, Mona. 6005: 5984: 5966: 5941: 5917: 5884: 5859: 5835: 5812: 5787: 5780: 5760: 5729: 5703: 5668: 5653:"Dar al-Iftaa" 5644: 5614: 5584: 5581:on 2007-10-07. 5562: 5543:(7): 895–914. 5523: 5472: 5460:Al-Fanar Media 5447: 5418: 5389: 5378:www.unicef.org 5365: 5341: 5330:(2): 311–342. 5314: 5288: 5262: 5236: 5205: 5176: 5147: 5137:. 16 July 2018 5119: 5103: 5057: 5050: 5030: 4984: 4956: 4910: 4864: 4818: 4772: 4726: 4680: 4634: 4588: 4542: 4514: 4468: 4455:(4): 781–806. 4435: 4396: 4361: 4354: 4334: 4301: 4283: 4242: 4204: 4183: 4157: 4154:. 16 May 2012. 4139: 4125: 4111: 4097: 4086: 4075: 4064: 4049: 4041:(snippet view) 4026: 4017: 3993: 3969: 3954: 3929: 3910: 3895: 3888: 3862: 3837: 3805: 3792: 3764: 3755: 3733: 3724: 3715: 3706: 3697: 3685: 3655: 3646: 3630: 3615: 3591: 3561: 3533: 3516: 3507: 3481: 3462: 3445: 3432: 3425: 3415:(2007-07-15). 3404: 3374: 3361: 3333: 3324: 3273: 3245: 3244: 3242: 3239: 3237: 3236: 3231: 3226: 3221: 3216: 3211: 3206: 3201: 3196: 3191: 3186: 3181: 3176: 3171: 3166: 3161: 3156: 3151: 3146: 3141: 3136: 3131: 3126: 3121: 3116: 3111: 3106: 3101: 3095: 3093: 3090: 3016:Main article: 3013: 3010: 2989: 2986: 2954:Main article: 2951: 2948: 2934: 2931: 2913: 2910: 2880:Mona Almoayyed 2878:Main article: 2875: 2874:Mona Almoayyed 2872: 2855:Dunkin' Donuts 2842: 2839: 2806: 2803: 2801: 2800: 2797: 2794: 2789: 2784: 2781: 2778: 2775: 2772: 2767: 2761: 2751: 2750: 2749:Nour al Hassan 2747: 2746:Najla al Midfa 2744: 2739: 2736: 2731: 2726: 2723: 2720: 2715: 2711: 2700: 2697: 2695:and children. 2672:women's rights 2646:Khadija Bsekri 2610: 2607: 2590: 2587: 2474: 2471: 2453: 2450: 2375: 2372: 2336: 2333: 2253: 2250: 2226: 2223: 2157:, the wife of 2153:in Egypt, and 2122: 2119: 2105: 2102: 2075: 2072: 2058: 2055: 2017:Muslim history 1954: 1951: 1927:women's rights 1894:women's rights 1882:Main article: 1879: 1876: 1853:among women, ( 1835:Women in Islam 1830: 1827: 1676: 1673: 1671: 1668: 1622:Ottoman Empire 1614:self-awareness 1573: 1572: 1570: 1569: 1562: 1555: 1547: 1544: 1543: 1540: 1539: 1534: 1529: 1524: 1519: 1514: 1509: 1504: 1499: 1494: 1492:United Kingdom 1489: 1484: 1479: 1474: 1469: 1464: 1459: 1454: 1449: 1444: 1439: 1434: 1429: 1424: 1419: 1414: 1409: 1404: 1399: 1394: 1389: 1384: 1379: 1374: 1369: 1364: 1359: 1354: 1349: 1344: 1339: 1334: 1329: 1324: 1319: 1314: 1309: 1304: 1299: 1294: 1289: 1284: 1279: 1274: 1269: 1264: 1259: 1254: 1249: 1244: 1239: 1234: 1229: 1224: 1219: 1214: 1209: 1204: 1199: 1194: 1189: 1184: 1179: 1174: 1169: 1164: 1159: 1154: 1149: 1144: 1139: 1134: 1129: 1124: 1119: 1114: 1109: 1104: 1099: 1094: 1089: 1084: 1079: 1074: 1069: 1064: 1059: 1054: 1049: 1044: 1039: 1034: 1029: 1024: 1014: 1009: 1004: 999: 994: 989: 984: 979: 974: 969: 964: 959: 954: 949: 944: 939: 934: 929: 924: 919: 914: 909: 904: 899: 894: 889: 884: 878: 873: 872: 869: 868: 864:List of sports 861: 860: 854: 849: 844: 839: 834: 829: 824: 819: 816: 811: 806: 801: 796: 791: 786: 781: 776: 771: 766: 761: 756: 751: 746: 741: 735: 730: 729: 726: 725: 722: 721: 720: 719: 709: 704: 699: 694: 689: 688: 687: 676: 673: 672: 669: 668: 665: 664: 659: 654: 649: 644: 639: 638: 637: 632: 627: 617: 612: 607: 602: 596: 593: 592: 586: 585: 584: 581: 580: 577: 576: 571: 570: 569: 564: 554: 549: 548: 547: 537: 536: 535: 525: 520: 519: 518: 516:"Chick flicks" 508: 503: 502: 501: 499:Women's cinema 491: 486: 480: 477: 476: 473: 467: 466: 465: 462: 461: 458: 457: 452: 447: 440: 435: 430: 429: 428: 427: 426: 411: 406: 401: 395: 392: 391: 388: 382: 381: 380: 377: 376: 373: 372: 367: 362: 357: 352: 347: 342: 337: 332: 327: 322: 317: 312: 307: 302: 297: 296: 295: 294: 293: 283: 278: 273: 263: 262: 261: 251: 246: 241: 236: 231: 226: 225: 224: 217: 207: 200: 199: 193: 192: 189: 188: 174: 171: 170: 167: 166: 158: 157: 153: 152: 128: 127: 42: 40: 33: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9441: 9430: 9427: 9425: 9422: 9420: 9417: 9415: 9412: 9410: 9407: 9405: 9404:Women in Asia 9402: 9400: 9397: 9395: 9392: 9390: 9387: 9386: 9384: 9369: 9366: 9364: 9361: 9359: 9356: 9354: 9351: 9349: 9346: 9344: 9343:New Caledonia 9341: 9339: 9336: 9334: 9331: 9329: 9326: 9324: 9323:Easter Island 9321: 9319: 9316: 9314: 9311: 9309: 9306: 9305: 9303: 9297: 9291: 9288: 9286: 9283: 9282: 9280: 9274: 9268: 9265: 9263: 9260: 9258: 9255: 9253: 9250: 9248: 9245: 9243: 9240: 9238: 9235: 9233: 9230: 9228: 9225: 9223: 9220: 9218: 9215: 9213: 9210: 9208: 9205: 9203: 9200: 9199: 9197: 9193: 9189: 9182: 9177: 9175: 9170: 9168: 9163: 9162: 9159: 9147: 9142: 9140: 9139:French Guiana 9137: 9135: 9132: 9131: 9129: 9123: 9118: 9112: 9109: 9107: 9104: 9102: 9099: 9097: 9094: 9092: 9089: 9087: 9084: 9082: 9079: 9077: 9074: 9072: 9069: 9067: 9064: 9062: 9059: 9057: 9054: 9053: 9051: 9049: 9045: 9041: 9034: 9029: 9027: 9022: 9020: 9015: 9014: 9011: 8999: 8996: 8994: 8991: 8989: 8986: 8984: 8981: 8979: 8976: 8974: 8971: 8969: 8966: 8964: 8961: 8959: 8956: 8954: 8951: 8949: 8946: 8944: 8941: 8939: 8936: 8934: 8931: 8929: 8926: 8924: 8921: 8919: 8916: 8914: 8911: 8909: 8906: 8904: 8901: 8900: 8898: 8890: 8884: 8883:United States 8881: 8879: 8876: 8874: 8871: 8869: 8866: 8864: 8861: 8859: 8856: 8854: 8851: 8849: 8846: 8844: 8841: 8839: 8836: 8834: 8831: 8829: 8826: 8824: 8821: 8819: 8816: 8814: 8811: 8809: 8806: 8804: 8801: 8799: 8796: 8794: 8791: 8789: 8786: 8784: 8781: 8779: 8776: 8774: 8771: 8770: 8768: 8764: 8760: 8753: 8748: 8746: 8741: 8739: 8734: 8733: 8730: 8717: 8714: 8708: 8704: 8700: 8697: 8691: 8687: 8684: 8678: 8675: 8669: 8665: 8661: 8658: 8657: 8654: 8646: 8640: 8637: 8635: 8632: 8631: 8629: 8621: 8615: 8612: 8610: 8607: 8605: 8602: 8600: 8597: 8595: 8592: 8590: 8587: 8585: 8582: 8580: 8577: 8575: 8572: 8570: 8567: 8565: 8562: 8560: 8557: 8555: 8552: 8550: 8547: 8545: 8542: 8540: 8537: 8535: 8532: 8530: 8527: 8525: 8522: 8520: 8517: 8515: 8512: 8510: 8507: 8505: 8502: 8500: 8497: 8495: 8492: 8490: 8487: 8485: 8482: 8480: 8477: 8475: 8472: 8470: 8467: 8465: 8464:Guinea-Bissau 8462: 8460: 8457: 8455: 8452: 8450: 8447: 8445: 8442: 8440: 8437: 8435: 8432: 8430: 8427: 8425: 8422: 8420: 8417: 8415: 8412: 8410: 8407: 8405: 8402: 8400: 8397: 8395: 8392: 8390: 8387: 8385: 8382: 8380: 8377: 8375: 8372: 8370: 8367: 8365: 8362: 8360: 8357: 8355: 8352: 8350: 8347: 8346: 8344: 8340: 8336: 8329: 8324: 8322: 8317: 8315: 8310: 8309: 8306: 8294: 8290: 8286: 8284: 8276: 8275: 8272: 8266: 8263: 8261: 8258: 8256: 8253: 8251: 8248: 8246: 8243: 8242: 8240: 8235: 8231: 8225: 8222: 8220: 8219:South Ossetia 8217: 8215: 8212: 8210: 8207: 8205: 8202: 8201: 8199: 8197: 8191: 8185: 8182: 8180: 8177: 8175: 8172: 8170: 8167: 8165: 8162: 8160: 8157: 8155: 8152: 8150: 8147: 8145: 8142: 8140: 8137: 8135: 8132: 8130: 8127: 8125: 8122: 8120: 8117: 8115: 8112: 8110: 8107: 8105: 8102: 8100: 8097: 8095: 8092: 8090: 8087: 8085: 8082: 8080: 8077: 8075: 8072: 8070: 8067: 8065: 8062: 8060: 8057: 8055: 8052: 8050: 8047: 8045: 8042: 8040: 8037: 8035: 8032: 8030: 8027: 8025: 8022: 8020: 8017: 8015: 8012: 8010: 8007: 8005: 8002: 8000: 7997: 7995: 7992: 7990: 7987: 7985: 7982: 7980: 7977: 7975: 7972: 7970: 7967: 7965: 7962: 7960: 7957: 7955: 7952: 7950: 7947: 7945: 7942: 7941: 7939: 7937: 7933: 7929: 7922: 7917: 7915: 7910: 7908: 7903: 7902: 7899: 7887: 7879: 7877: 7867: 7866: 7863: 7849: 7846: 7844: 7841: 7839: 7836: 7834: 7831: 7829: 7826: 7824: 7821: 7819: 7816: 7814: 7811: 7807: 7804: 7803: 7802: 7799: 7795: 7792: 7790: 7789:Post-Islamism 7787: 7785: 7782: 7781: 7780: 7777: 7775: 7772: 7768: 7765: 7763: 7760: 7759: 7758: 7755: 7754: 7752: 7748: 7742: 7739: 7737: 7734: 7732: 7729: 7727: 7724: 7723: 7721: 7719: 7715: 7709: 7706: 7704: 7701: 7699: 7696: 7694: 7691: 7689: 7686: 7682: 7681:Protestantism 7679: 7677: 7674: 7672: 7669: 7668: 7667: 7664: 7663: 7661: 7659: 7655: 7651: 7641: 7637: 7623: 7620: 7618: 7617: 7613: 7611: 7608: 7604: 7601: 7600: 7599: 7596: 7594: 7591: 7589: 7586: 7584: 7581: 7579: 7576: 7574: 7571: 7570: 7568: 7564: 7558: 7555: 7553: 7550: 7548: 7545: 7543: 7540: 7539: 7537: 7535: 7531: 7525: 7522: 7520: 7519:Ophthalmology 7517: 7515: 7512: 7510: 7507: 7505: 7502: 7500: 7497: 7495: 7492: 7490: 7487: 7486: 7484: 7482: 7478: 7472: 7469: 7467: 7464: 7462: 7459: 7457: 7454: 7452: 7449: 7447: 7444: 7442: 7439: 7437: 7434: 7433: 7431: 7429: 7425: 7421: 7417: 7409: 7405: 7391: 7388: 7384: 7383: 7379: 7378: 7377: 7374: 7372: 7369: 7367: 7364: 7360: 7357: 7356: 7355: 7352: 7350: 7349: 7345: 7343: 7340: 7338: 7337: 7333: 7331: 7328: 7326: 7325: 7321: 7319: 7316: 7314: 7311: 7309: 7306: 7304: 7301: 7299: 7296: 7294: 7291: 7289: 7286: 7284: 7283: 7279: 7277: 7276: 7272: 7268: 7267:Death penalty 7265: 7263: 7260: 7258: 7255: 7254: 7253: 7250: 7248: 7245: 7243: 7242: 7238: 7237: 7235: 7233:Other aspects 7231: 7225: 7224: 7220: 7218: 7217: 7213: 7211: 7210: 7206: 7204: 7203: 7199: 7197: 7196: 7192: 7190: 7189: 7185: 7183: 7182: 7178: 7177: 7175: 7170: 7167: 7165: 7162: 7160: 7157: 7156: 7153: 7147: 7146: 7142: 7140: 7137: 7135: 7134: 7130: 7128: 7127: 7123: 7121: 7120: 7116: 7114: 7113: 7109: 7108: 7106: 7104: 7100: 7094: 7093: 7089: 7087: 7086: 7082: 7080: 7079: 7075: 7073: 7072: 7068: 7066: 7063: 7061: 7058: 7057: 7055: 7053: 7049: 7045: 7038: 7037:Jurisprudence 7035: 7033: 7030: 7029: 7025: 7021: 7011: 7008: 7006: 7003: 7001: 6998: 6996: 6993: 6991: 6988: 6986: 6985: 6981: 6979: 6976: 6974: 6971: 6969: 6966: 6964: 6961: 6959: 6956: 6954: 6951: 6949: 6946: 6944: 6941: 6939: 6936: 6934: 6931: 6929: 6926: 6924: 6921: 6919: 6916: 6914: 6911: 6910: 6908: 6903: 6900: 6898: 6895: 6894: 6891: 6885: 6882: 6880: 6877: 6873: 6870: 6869: 6868: 6865: 6863: 6860: 6856: 6853: 6849: 6846: 6842: 6839: 6837: 6834: 6832: 6829: 6828: 6827: 6824: 6823: 6821: 6819: 6816: 6815: 6814: 6810: 6807: 6803: 6800: 6796: 6793: 6792: 6791: 6788: 6786: 6783: 6781: 6778: 6776: 6773: 6772: 6771: 6768: 6766: 6763: 6757: 6754: 6753: 6752: 6749: 6747: 6744: 6742: 6739: 6737: 6734: 6732: 6729: 6728: 6727: 6724: 6723: 6721: 6719: 6718:Denominations 6715: 6709: 6708: 6704: 6702: 6699: 6697: 6694: 6692: 6689: 6687: 6684: 6683: 6681: 6679: 6675: 6667: 6664: 6662: 6659: 6657: 6654: 6652: 6649: 6647: 6644: 6642: 6639: 6637: 6634: 6632: 6631: 6627: 6626: 6625: 6622: 6620: 6617: 6615: 6614: 6610: 6608: 6607: 6603: 6601: 6598: 6596: 6593: 6591: 6588: 6586: 6583: 6581: 6578: 6577: 6575: 6570: 6567: 6565: 6562: 6561: 6558: 6552: 6551: 6547: 6545: 6544: 6540: 6538: 6537: 6533: 6531: 6530: 6526: 6524: 6523: 6519: 6518: 6516: 6514: 6510: 6504: 6503:Holiest sites 6501: 6499: 6498:Judgement Day 6496: 6494: 6493: 6489: 6487: 6484: 6482: 6479: 6477: 6474: 6470: 6467: 6466: 6465: 6462: 6460: 6459: 6455: 6451: 6448: 6447: 6446: 6443: 6442: 6440: 6438: 6434: 6430: 6426: 6425: 6419: 6414: 6407: 6402: 6400: 6395: 6393: 6388: 6387: 6384: 6373: 6366: 6358: 6354: 6350: 6343: 6335: 6329: 6325: 6318: 6316: 6300: 6296: 6290: 6275: 6271: 6265: 6251: 6247: 6241: 6227: 6223: 6217: 6203: 6199: 6193: 6179: 6173: 6159: 6152: 6138: 6132: 6117: 6113: 6107: 6091: 6087: 6081: 6079: 6063: 6059: 6053: 6039: 6035: 6034: 6027: 6020: 6019: 6015: 6009: 6001: 5995: 5987: 5985:9780812208849 5981: 5977: 5970: 5955: 5951: 5945: 5931: 5927: 5921: 5907: 5903: 5899: 5895: 5888: 5873: 5872:openDemocracy 5869: 5863: 5849: 5845: 5839: 5831: 5827: 5823: 5816: 5801: 5797: 5791: 5783: 5777: 5773: 5767: 5765: 5756: 5752: 5748: 5744: 5740: 5733: 5717: 5713: 5707: 5699: 5695: 5691: 5687: 5683: 5679: 5672: 5658: 5654: 5648: 5633:on 2013-12-11 5632: 5628: 5624: 5618: 5603:on 2013-06-22 5602: 5598: 5594: 5588: 5580: 5576: 5572: 5566: 5558: 5554: 5550: 5546: 5542: 5538: 5534: 5527: 5519: 5515: 5510: 5505: 5500: 5495: 5491: 5487: 5483: 5476: 5461: 5457: 5451: 5437: 5433: 5427: 5425: 5423: 5408: 5404: 5398: 5396: 5394: 5379: 5375: 5369: 5355: 5351: 5345: 5337: 5333: 5329: 5325: 5318: 5303: 5299: 5292: 5277: 5273: 5270:KADI, SAMAR. 5266: 5251: 5247: 5240: 5225: 5224:worldbank.org 5221: 5214: 5212: 5210: 5195:on 2014-12-04 5194: 5190: 5186: 5180: 5166:on 2015-09-07 5165: 5161: 5157: 5151: 5136: 5132: 5126: 5124: 5116: 5112: 5107: 5099: 5087: 5072: 5068: 5061: 5053: 5051:9780275962180 5047: 5043: 5042: 5034: 5026: 5014: 4999: 4995: 4988: 4973: 4969: 4963: 4961: 4952: 4940: 4925: 4921: 4914: 4906: 4894: 4879: 4875: 4868: 4860: 4848: 4833: 4829: 4822: 4814: 4802: 4787: 4783: 4776: 4768: 4756: 4741: 4737: 4730: 4722: 4710: 4695: 4691: 4684: 4676: 4664: 4649: 4645: 4638: 4630: 4618: 4603: 4599: 4592: 4584: 4572: 4557: 4553: 4546: 4531: 4527: 4521: 4519: 4510: 4498: 4483: 4479: 4472: 4463: 4458: 4454: 4450: 4446: 4439: 4431: 4427: 4423: 4419: 4415: 4411: 4407: 4400: 4392: 4388: 4384: 4380: 4377:(48): 48–61. 4376: 4372: 4365: 4357: 4355:9781136819155 4351: 4347: 4346: 4338: 4324: 4320: 4314: 4312: 4310: 4308: 4306: 4297: 4293: 4287: 4279: 4275: 4270: 4265: 4261: 4257: 4253: 4246: 4238: 4234: 4230: 4226: 4222: 4218: 4211: 4209: 4200: 4196: 4190: 4188: 4172: 4168: 4161: 4153: 4149: 4143: 4135: 4129: 4123: 4122: 4115: 4109: 4108: 4101: 4095: 4090: 4084: 4079: 4073: 4068: 4060: 4056: 4052: 4046: 4039: 4038: 4030: 4021: 4007: 4003: 3997: 3983: 3979: 3973: 3965: 3958: 3943: 3939: 3933: 3925: 3921: 3914: 3906: 3899: 3891: 3885: 3881: 3876: 3875: 3866: 3851: 3847: 3841: 3826: 3822: 3821: 3816: 3809: 3802: 3796: 3789: 3788:90-04-09896-8 3785: 3781: 3777: 3773: 3768: 3759: 3751: 3747: 3740: 3738: 3728: 3719: 3710: 3701: 3692: 3690: 3673: 3669: 3665: 3659: 3650: 3641: 3639: 3637: 3635: 3626: 3619: 3605: 3601: 3595: 3579: 3575: 3571: 3565: 3558: 3557:0-8156-2908-7 3554: 3550: 3546: 3542: 3537: 3530: 3526: 3520: 3511: 3496:on 2007-09-28 3495: 3491: 3485: 3478: 3474: 3471: 3466: 3459: 3455: 3449: 3442: 3436: 3428: 3422: 3418: 3414: 3408: 3393: 3389: 3385: 3378: 3371: 3365: 3358: 3354: 3353:0-415-12347-X 3350: 3346: 3340: 3338: 3328: 3320: 3316: 3311: 3306: 3301: 3296: 3292: 3288: 3284: 3277: 3269: 3265: 3262:(17): 18–31. 3261: 3257: 3250: 3246: 3235: 3232: 3230: 3227: 3225: 3222: 3220: 3217: 3215: 3212: 3210: 3207: 3205: 3202: 3200: 3197: 3195: 3192: 3190: 3187: 3185: 3184:Sahrawi women 3182: 3180: 3179:Saddeka Arebi 3177: 3175: 3172: 3170: 3167: 3165: 3162: 3160: 3157: 3155: 3152: 3150: 3147: 3145: 3142: 3140: 3137: 3135: 3132: 3130: 3127: 3125: 3122: 3120: 3117: 3115: 3112: 3110: 3107: 3105: 3102: 3100: 3097: 3096: 3089: 3085: 3082: 3077: 3075: 3070: 3067: 3063: 3059: 3055: 3050: 3048: 3044: 3038: 3036: 3032: 3028: 3024: 3019: 3009: 3005: 3003: 2999: 2995: 2985: 2983: 2978: 2976: 2971: 2967: 2963: 2957: 2947: 2943: 2941: 2930: 2927: 2923: 2919: 2912:Mona Bawarshi 2909: 2906: 2903: 2899: 2898: 2892: 2889: 2887: 2881: 2871: 2869: 2864: 2863:Lebanese food 2860: 2856: 2852: 2848: 2838: 2836: 2835:breast cancer 2832: 2828: 2824: 2820: 2816: 2812: 2798: 2795: 2793: 2790: 2788: 2785: 2782: 2779: 2776: 2773: 2771: 2768: 2766: 2763: 2762: 2760: 2758: 2757: 2748: 2745: 2743: 2740: 2737: 2735: 2732: 2730: 2727: 2724: 2721: 2719: 2716: 2713: 2712: 2710: 2708: 2707: 2696: 2694: 2690: 2686: 2681: 2677: 2673: 2669: 2664: 2661: 2657: 2655: 2651: 2647: 2643: 2638: 2635: 2632:Feminists in 2630: 2627: 2622: 2619: 2615: 2606: 2604: 2600: 2596: 2586: 2583: 2577: 2574: 2572: 2568: 2565: 2562: 2558: 2553: 2551: 2547: 2543: 2539: 2535: 2531: 2527: 2523: 2519: 2518: 2513: 2509: 2505: 2499: 2495: 2487: 2483: 2479: 2470: 2466: 2463: 2458: 2449: 2445: 2441: 2438: 2436: 2432: 2427: 2423: 2419: 2415: 2411: 2407: 2403: 2397: 2394: 2389: 2385: 2381: 2371: 2367: 2363: 2359: 2355: 2351: 2349: 2344: 2340: 2335:Economic role 2332: 2330: 2327:in 1994, and 2326: 2322: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2302: 2298: 2294: 2290: 2286: 2282: 2278: 2274: 2270: 2262: 2258: 2249: 2245: 2242: 2240: 2235: 2231: 2222: 2220: 2216: 2214: 2210: 2206: 2202: 2196: 2193: 2189: 2187: 2182: 2180: 2175: 2170: 2168: 2164: 2160: 2156: 2152: 2148: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2127: 2115: 2110: 2101: 2099: 2094: 2092: 2088: 2084: 2080: 2071: 2067: 2063: 2054: 2052: 2048: 2044: 2040: 2038: 2034: 2030: 2026: 2022: 2018: 2014: 2010: 2006: 2002: 1998: 1994: 1989: 1986: 1982: 1978: 1975:from diverse 1974: 1970: 1966: 1960: 1947: 1943: 1939: 1937: 1932: 1928: 1924: 1919: 1915: 1911: 1907: 1903: 1899: 1895: 1891: 1885: 1878:Early reforms 1875: 1873: 1869: 1863: 1856: 1852: 1851: 1846: 1841: 1836: 1826: 1823: 1820: 1816: 1813:suggest that 1812: 1808: 1803: 1801: 1797: 1792: 1790: 1789:Muhammad Asad 1785: 1782: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1760: 1756: 1752: 1748: 1744: 1740: 1735: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1723:ancient Greek 1720: 1719:legal figures 1716: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1692: 1687: 1682: 1667: 1663: 1659: 1657: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1640: 1636: 1634: 1629: 1625: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1568: 1563: 1561: 1556: 1554: 1549: 1548: 1546: 1545: 1538: 1535: 1533: 1530: 1528: 1525: 1523: 1520: 1518: 1515: 1513: 1510: 1508: 1505: 1503: 1500: 1498: 1497:United States 1495: 1493: 1490: 1488: 1485: 1483: 1480: 1478: 1475: 1473: 1470: 1468: 1465: 1463: 1460: 1458: 1455: 1453: 1450: 1448: 1445: 1443: 1440: 1438: 1435: 1433: 1430: 1428: 1425: 1423: 1420: 1418: 1415: 1413: 1410: 1408: 1405: 1403: 1400: 1398: 1395: 1393: 1390: 1388: 1385: 1383: 1380: 1378: 1375: 1373: 1370: 1368: 1365: 1363: 1360: 1358: 1355: 1353: 1350: 1348: 1345: 1343: 1340: 1338: 1335: 1333: 1330: 1328: 1325: 1323: 1320: 1318: 1315: 1313: 1310: 1308: 1305: 1303: 1300: 1298: 1295: 1293: 1290: 1288: 1285: 1283: 1280: 1278: 1275: 1273: 1270: 1268: 1265: 1263: 1260: 1258: 1255: 1253: 1250: 1248: 1245: 1243: 1240: 1238: 1235: 1233: 1230: 1228: 1225: 1223: 1220: 1218: 1215: 1213: 1210: 1208: 1205: 1203: 1200: 1198: 1195: 1193: 1190: 1188: 1185: 1183: 1180: 1178: 1175: 1173: 1170: 1168: 1165: 1163: 1160: 1158: 1155: 1153: 1150: 1148: 1145: 1143: 1140: 1138: 1135: 1133: 1130: 1128: 1125: 1123: 1120: 1118: 1115: 1113: 1110: 1108: 1105: 1103: 1100: 1098: 1095: 1093: 1090: 1088: 1085: 1083: 1080: 1078: 1075: 1073: 1070: 1068: 1067:FS Micronesia 1065: 1063: 1060: 1058: 1055: 1053: 1050: 1048: 1045: 1043: 1040: 1038: 1035: 1033: 1030: 1028: 1025: 1022: 1018: 1015: 1013: 1010: 1008: 1005: 1003: 1000: 998: 995: 993: 990: 988: 985: 983: 980: 978: 975: 973: 970: 968: 965: 963: 960: 958: 955: 953: 950: 948: 945: 943: 940: 938: 935: 933: 930: 928: 925: 923: 920: 918: 915: 913: 910: 908: 905: 903: 900: 898: 895: 893: 890: 888: 885: 883: 880: 879: 876: 871: 870: 865: 858: 857:Winter sports 855: 853: 850: 848: 845: 843: 840: 838: 835: 833: 830: 828: 825: 823: 820: 817: 815: 812: 810: 807: 805: 802: 800: 797: 795: 792: 790: 787: 785: 782: 780: 777: 775: 772: 770: 767: 765: 762: 760: 757: 755: 752: 750: 747: 745: 742: 740: 737: 736: 733: 728: 727: 718: 715: 714: 713: 710: 708: 705: 703: 700: 698: 695: 693: 692:Film industry 690: 686: 683: 682: 681: 678: 677: 671: 670: 663: 660: 658: 655: 653: 650: 648: 645: 643: 640: 636: 633: 631: 628: 626: 623: 622: 621: 618: 616: 613: 611: 608: 606: 603: 601: 598: 597: 591: 588: 587: 583: 582: 575: 572: 568: 565: 563: 560: 559: 558: 555: 553: 552:Photographers 550: 546: 543: 542: 541: 538: 534: 531: 530: 529: 526: 524: 521: 517: 514: 513: 512: 509: 507: 504: 500: 497: 496: 495: 492: 490: 487: 485: 482: 481: 474: 472: 469: 468: 464: 463: 456: 453: 451: 448: 446: 441: 439: 436: 434: 433:Organizations 431: 425: 422: 421: 420: 417: 416: 415: 412: 410: 407: 405: 402: 400: 397: 396: 389: 387: 384: 383: 379: 378: 371: 368: 366: 363: 361: 360:Voting rights 358: 356: 353: 351: 348: 346: 343: 341: 338: 336: 333: 331: 328: 326: 323: 321: 318: 316: 313: 311: 308: 306: 303: 301: 298: 292: 289: 288: 287: 286:Queen regnant 284: 282: 279: 277: 274: 272: 269: 268: 267: 264: 260: 257: 256: 255: 252: 250: 247: 245: 242: 240: 237: 235: 232: 230: 227: 223: 218: 216: 213: 212: 211: 208: 206: 203: 202: 198: 195: 194: 191: 190: 185: 179: 176: 175: 169: 168: 164: 160: 159: 155: 154: 150: 149: 143: 139: 134: 124: 121: 113: 110:November 2020 102: 99: 95: 92: 88: 85: 81: 78: 74: 71: – 70: 66: 65:Find sources: 59: 55: 49: 48: 43:This article 41: 37: 32: 31: 19: 9299:Dependencies 9285:Cook Islands 9122:Dependencies 8988:Sint Maarten 8968:Saint Martin 8699:Saint Helena 8670: 8574:South Africa 8564:Sierra Leone 8369:Burkina Faso 8234:Dependencies 8164:Turkmenistan 8129:Saudi Arabia 7801:Islamophobia 7666:Christianity 7614: 7547:Contemporary 7441:Architecture 7380: 7346: 7334: 7322: 7280: 7273: 7239: 7221: 7216:Nikah mut'ah 7214: 7207: 7200: 7193: 7186: 7179: 7143: 7131: 7124: 7117: 7110: 7090: 7083: 7076: 7069: 6982: 6705: 6629: 6611: 6604: 6548: 6541: 6534: 6527: 6520: 6513:Five Pillars 6490: 6456: 6445:God in Islam 6422: 6371: 6365: 6348: 6342: 6323: 6303:. Retrieved 6301:. 2014-11-20 6298: 6289: 6278:. Retrieved 6276:. 2015-04-08 6273: 6264: 6253:. Retrieved 6249: 6240: 6229:. Retrieved 6225: 6216: 6205:. Retrieved 6201: 6192: 6181:. Retrieved 6172: 6161:. Retrieved 6151: 6140:. Retrieved 6131: 6120:. Retrieved 6115: 6106: 6094:. Retrieved 6089: 6066:. Retrieved 6064:. 2013-04-30 6061: 6052: 6042:, retrieved 6032: 6026: 6016: 6008: 5975: 5969: 5958:. Retrieved 5956:. 2019-07-18 5953: 5944: 5933:. Retrieved 5929: 5920: 5909:. Retrieved 5898:The Guardian 5897: 5887: 5876:. Retrieved 5874:. 2017-03-08 5871: 5862: 5851:. Retrieved 5847: 5838: 5830:the original 5825: 5815: 5804:. Retrieved 5802:. 2017-09-15 5799: 5790: 5771: 5746: 5742: 5732: 5720:. Retrieved 5716:the original 5706: 5681: 5677: 5671: 5660:. Retrieved 5656: 5647: 5635:. Retrieved 5631:the original 5626: 5617: 5605:. Retrieved 5601:the original 5596: 5587: 5579:the original 5574: 5565: 5540: 5536: 5526: 5492:(1): 51–64. 5489: 5485: 5475: 5464:. Retrieved 5462:. 2014-06-12 5459: 5450: 5439:. Retrieved 5435: 5410:. Retrieved 5406: 5381:. Retrieved 5377: 5368: 5357:. Retrieved 5353: 5344: 5327: 5323: 5317: 5305:. Retrieved 5301: 5291: 5279:. Retrieved 5275: 5265: 5253:. Retrieved 5249: 5239: 5227:. Retrieved 5223: 5197:. Retrieved 5193:the original 5179: 5168:. Retrieved 5164:the original 5150: 5139:. Retrieved 5134: 5106: 5094:|first= 5074:. Retrieved 5070: 5060: 5040: 5033: 5021:|first= 5001:. Retrieved 4997: 4987: 4975:. Retrieved 4971: 4947:|first= 4927:. Retrieved 4923: 4913: 4901:|first= 4881:. Retrieved 4877: 4867: 4855:|first= 4835:. Retrieved 4831: 4821: 4809:|first= 4789:. Retrieved 4785: 4775: 4763:|first= 4743:. Retrieved 4739: 4729: 4717:|first= 4697:. Retrieved 4693: 4683: 4671:|first= 4651:. Retrieved 4647: 4637: 4625:|first= 4605:. Retrieved 4601: 4591: 4579:|first= 4559:. Retrieved 4555: 4545: 4533:. Retrieved 4529: 4505:|first= 4485:. Retrieved 4481: 4471: 4452: 4448: 4438: 4413: 4409: 4399: 4374: 4370: 4364: 4344: 4337: 4326:. Retrieved 4322: 4295: 4286: 4259: 4255: 4245: 4220: 4216: 4198: 4174:. Retrieved 4171:The Guardian 4170: 4160: 4151: 4142: 4128: 4120: 4114: 4106: 4100: 4089: 4078: 4067: 4036: 4029: 4020: 4009:. Retrieved 4005: 3996: 3985:. Retrieved 3981: 3972: 3963: 3957: 3946:. Retrieved 3944:. 2013-12-23 3941: 3932: 3923: 3913: 3904: 3898: 3873: 3865: 3853:. Retrieved 3849: 3840: 3829:. Retrieved 3824: 3818: 3808: 3795: 3775: 3767: 3758: 3749: 3745: 3727: 3718: 3709: 3700: 3676:. Retrieved 3672:the original 3667: 3658: 3649: 3624: 3618: 3607:. Retrieved 3603: 3594: 3582:. Retrieved 3578:the original 3573: 3564: 3544: 3536: 3519: 3510: 3498:. Retrieved 3494:the original 3484: 3465: 3453: 3448: 3440: 3435: 3416: 3407: 3396:. Retrieved 3377: 3364: 3344: 3327: 3290: 3286: 3276: 3259: 3249: 3174:Rania al-Baz 3134:Al-Khayzuran 3099:Arab culture 3086: 3078: 3071: 3051: 3039: 3021: 3006: 2997: 2991: 2979: 2959: 2944: 2936: 2933:Donna Sultan 2915: 2907: 2895: 2893: 2890: 2883: 2844: 2819:Saudi Arabia 2808: 2796:Huda Khattan 2754: 2753: 2704: 2702: 2676:Sherif Gaber 2665: 2662: 2658: 2639: 2634:Saudi Arabia 2631: 2623: 2616: 2612: 2603:Lubna Olayan 2592: 2578: 2575: 2554: 2515: 2504:Saudi Arabia 2501: 2467: 2459: 2455: 2446: 2442: 2439: 2398: 2395: 2391: 2368: 2364: 2360: 2356: 2352: 2345: 2341: 2338: 2329:Saudi Arabia 2266: 2261:Samah Sabawi 2246: 2243: 2238: 2236: 2232: 2228: 2217: 2197: 2194: 2190: 2183: 2171: 2147:Najla Bouden 2144: 2095: 2081: 2077: 2068: 2064: 2060: 2053:from Syria. 2041: 2004: 1990: 1967:in the Arab 1962: 1897: 1887: 1864: 1860: 1848: 1804: 1793: 1786: 1783: 1747:Christianity 1736: 1705:, unlimited 1696: 1689:Costumes of 1664: 1660: 1644:Saudi Arabia 1641: 1637: 1630: 1626: 1577: 1576: 1517:Vatican City 1462:Turkmenistan 1392:South Africa 1372:Sierra Leone 1357:Saudi Arabia 822:Roller derby 620:Christianity 605:Baháʼí Faith 484:Architecture 184:legal rights 116: 107: 97: 90: 83: 76: 64: 52:Please help 47:verification 44: 9232:New Zealand 8958:Puerto Rico 8868:Saint Lucia 8818:El Salvador 8626:recognition 8579:South Sudan 8469:Ivory Coast 8293:Asia portal 8194:States with 8114:Philippines 8054:South Korea 8049:North Korea 7944:Afghanistan 7671:Catholicism 7566:Other areas 7557:Theological 7552:Eschatology 7509:Mathematics 7446:Calligraphy 7376:Theological 7330:Inheritance 7247:Cleanliness 6619:Shi'a Imams 6613:Ahl al-Bayt 6250:www.fao.org 5374:"Education" 4972:www.ipu.org 4530:www.ipu.org 4296:www.ipu.org 4199:ipsnews.net 3815:"Ibn Rushd" 3790:, pp. 400–1 3058:Reconquista 3035:Chefchaouen 2799:Amal Bahwan 2599:Hayat Sindi 2582:orientalist 2571:dress codes 2532:, Lebanon, 2205:Rola Dashti 2184:In 2006 in 2167:Rawya Ateya 2151:Anwar Sadat 2131:Rawya Ateya 2096:ESCWA, the 2087:Arab States 2051:Kurdish Jew 1965:labor force 1936:family life 1870:. His wife 1633:patriarchal 1586:Rural areas 1582:Urban areas 1402:South Sudan 1397:South Korea 1342:Puerto Rico 1327:Philippines 1292:North Korea 1277:New Zealand 1162:Ivory Coast 1052:El Salvador 882:Afghanistan 739:Auto racing 712:Video games 625:Catholicism 404:Engineering 281:Legislators 9389:Arab women 9383:Categories 8953:Montserrat 8948:Martinique 8943:Guadeloupe 8798:Costa Rica 8681:(Portugal) 8639:Somaliland 8559:Seychelles 8524:Mozambique 8509:Mauritania 8494:Madagascar 8449:The Gambia 8384:Cape Verde 8174:Uzbekistan 8149:Tajikistan 8064:Kyrgyzstan 8044:Kazakhstan 7964:Bangladesh 7954:Azerbaijan 7731:Ex-Muslims 7616:Shu'ubiyya 7610:Psychology 7598:Literature 7588:Inventions 7534:Philosophy 7342:Leadership 7318:Honorifics 6973:Philosophy 6780:Isma'ilism 6741:Maturidism 6624:Caliphates 6595:Golden Age 6486:Revelation 6305:2020-03-05 6280:2020-03-05 6255:2021-07-21 6231:2020-03-05 6207:2020-03-05 6183:2020-03-05 6163:2022-05-16 6142:2020-03-05 6122:2020-03-05 6068:2020-02-10 6044:2020-02-10 5960:2019-09-06 5935:2018-12-10 5911:2018-12-10 5878:2018-12-10 5853:2018-12-10 5806:2020-02-10 5662:2019-11-08 5509:11089/5983 5466:2018-11-30 5441:2018-11-30 5412:2019-11-08 5383:2020-04-11 5359:2019-11-08 5307:3 November 5281:4 November 5199:2010-03-19 5170:2010-03-19 5141:2019-11-08 4416:(4): 414. 4328:2019-11-08 4262:(1): 204. 4011:2020-11-12 3987:2020-11-12 3948:2017-10-13 3942:AndFarAway 3831:2008-10-14 3609:2021-05-01 3398:2011-05-29 3241:References 3234:Zaha Hadid 2595:Zaha Hadid 2492:See also: 2482:May Ziadeh 2424:, and the 2378:See also: 2285:Mauritania 2241:(PANDIF). 1957:See also: 1953:Employment 1833:See also: 1798:professor 1759:Himyarites 1679:See also: 1594:traditions 1590:age groups 1507:Uzbekistan 1437:Tajikistan 1367:Seychelles 1242:Mauritania 1217:Madagascar 1197:Kyrgyzstan 1177:Kazakhstan 1057:East Timor 932:Bangladesh 922:Azerbaijan 875:By country 862:See also: 852:Volleyball 794:Ice hockey 789:Gymnastics 749:Basketball 540:Philosophy 528:Literature 475:Humanities 455:Telegraphy 390:Technology 305:Journalism 266:Government 80:newspapers 18:Arab women 9202:Australia 9111:Venezuela 9056:Argentina 8938:Greenland 8853:Nicaragua 8828:Guatemala 8514:Mauritius 8260:Hong Kong 8214:Palestine 8139:Sri Lanka 8134:Singapore 8014:Indonesia 7848:Symbolism 7806:Incidents 7784:Criticism 7676:Mormonism 7573:Astrology 7499:Cosmology 7494:Astronomy 7436:Arabesque 7303:Etiquette 7262:Blasphemy 7052:Economics 6867:Ahmadiyya 6809:Muhakkima 6756:Wahhabism 6746:Mu'tazili 6731:Ash'arism 6357:162138568 5994:cite book 5954:Al Marsad 5906:0261-3077 5755:1755-0912 5749:(1): 98. 5698:1041-0031 5684:(2): 31. 5557:149958609 5518:2300-8695 4430:1554-477X 4278:2408-8285 4237:2040-8269 4059:186101396 3604:quran.com 3293:(1): 29. 3144:Arab Jews 3129:Al-Khansa 2886:Bahrain's 2827:Abdulaziz 2703:In 2018, 2374:Education 2331:in 2015. 2315:in 1974, 2311:in 1973, 2303:in 1964, 2295:in 1963, 2291:in 1962, 2287:in 1961, 2283:in 1959, 2279:in 1956, 2271:in 1952, 2116:of Jordan 2001:Ibn Rushd 1981:religious 1969:Caliphate 1727:Roman law 1628:factors. 1606:education 1537:Kurdistan 1522:Venezuela 1417:Sri Lanka 1377:Singapore 1247:Mauritius 1142:Indonesia 1107:Guatemala 917:Australia 907:Argentina 630:Mormonism 567:Punk rock 523:Fine arts 419:dentistry 399:Computing 365:Workforce 249:Education 142:cigarette 9217:Kiribati 9101:Suriname 9091:Paraguay 9076:Colombia 8903:Anguilla 8838:Honduras 8808:Dominica 8783:Barbados 8705: / 8701: / 8694:(France) 8688: / 8666: / 8662: / 8614:Zimbabwe 8589:Tanzania 8439:Ethiopia 8434:Eswatini 8414:Djibouti 8379:Cameroon 8364:Botswana 8283:Category 8204:Abkhazia 8154:Thailand 8109:Pakistan 8089:Mongolia 8084:Maldives 8079:Malaysia 7979:Cambodia 7886:Category 7779:Islamism 7762:Muhammad 7718:Apostasy 7693:Hinduism 7583:Feminism 7514:Medicine 7354:Military 7308:Gambling 7257:Apostasy 7252:Criminal 7164:Marriage 7133:Tayammum 7085:Murabaha 6958:Madrasas 6948:Holidays 6938:Clothing 6933:Children 6928:Calendar 6879:Quranism 6813:Khawarij 6785:Alawites 6736:Atharism 6630:Rashidun 6469:In Islam 6464:Muhammad 6038:archived 5800:BBC News 5115:CNN News 5086:cite web 5013:cite web 4939:cite web 4893:cite web 4847:cite web 4801:cite web 4755:cite web 4709:cite web 4663:cite web 4617:cite web 4571:cite web 4497:cite web 4391:25131274 3774:(1994), 3752:: 35–36. 3473:Archived 3392:Archived 3319:31640716 3268:12338393 3092:See also 3031:Muhammad 2851:Montreal 2486:Al-Nahda 2121:Politics 2083:UN Women 2009:in peace 2005:Averroes 1999:(judge) 1985:economic 1973:employed 1910:contract 1771:Muhammad 1715:Nabataea 1707:polygyny 1602:religion 1442:Thailand 1412:Suriname 1337:Portugal 1317:Paraguay 1302:Pakistan 1257:Mongolia 1227:Maldives 1222:Malaysia 1187:Kiribati 1122:Honduras 1062:Ethiopia 1032:DR Congo 997:Colombia 977:Cambodia 972:Bulgaria 837:Swimming 799:Lacrosse 744:Baseball 642:Hinduism 635:Opus Dei 615:Buddhism 590:Religion 414:Medicine 320:Military 254:Feminism 210:Business 9363:Tokelau 9267:Vanuatu 9106:Uruguay 9081:Ecuador 9061:Bolivia 8933:Curaçao 8918:Bonaire 8913:Bermuda 8843:Jamaica 8823:Grenada 8778:Bahamas 8690:Réunion 8686:Mayotte 8677:Madeira 8672:(Spain) 8668:Melilla 8599:Tunisia 8569:Somalia 8554:Senegal 8539:Nigeria 8529:Namibia 8519:Morocco 8484:Liberia 8479:Lesotho 8429:Eritrea 8399:Comoros 8374:Burundi 8349:Algeria 8179:Vietnam 8094:Myanmar 8074:Lebanon 8004:Georgia 7959:Bahrain 7949:Armenia 7833:Nursing 7794:Qutbism 7708:Sikhism 7703:Judaism 7698:Jainism 7688:Druzism 7524:Physics 7471:Pottery 7456:Gardens 7451:Carpets 7366:Slavery 7288:Divorce 7275:Dhabiĥa 7103:Hygiene 7078:Takaful 7060:Banking 6990:Science 6984:Qurbani 6953:Mosques 6913:Animals 6902:Culture 6836:Nukkari 6831:Azzabas 6818:Azariqa 6802:Zaydism 6790:Alevism 6666:Ottoman 6656:Almohad 6651:Fatimid 6646:Córdoba 6641:Abbasid 6636:Umayyad 6569:Leaders 6564:History 6522:Shahada 6437:Beliefs 6096:25 July 5722:20 June 5637:20 June 5607:20 June 5255:7 March 5250:REUTERS 5229:9 March 5076:20 June 5003:20 June 4977:20 June 4929:20 June 4883:20 June 4837:20 June 4791:20 June 4745:20 June 4699:20 June 4653:20 June 4607:20 June 4561:20 June 4535:20 June 4487:20 June 4176:20 June 3855:20 June 3678:20 June 3584:20 June 3500:20 June 3310:6805386 3027:Tetouan 2994:Ooredoo 2926:Lebanon 2922:Gezairi 2859:Lebanon 2668:atheist 2654:Amazons 2626:Lebanon 2557:Tunisia 2526:Bahrain 2512:Lebanon 2418:Lebanon 2402:Bahrain 2309:Bahrain 2293:Morocco 2289:Algeria 2281:Tunisia 2269:Lebanon 2219:Lebanon 2179:Algeria 1811:Bukhari 1807:Hadiths 1775:Bedouin 1755:Sabians 1751:Judaism 1731:Marxist 1652:Morocco 1648:Tunisia 1598:culture 1527:Vietnam 1512:Vanuatu 1502:Uruguay 1482:Ukraine 1452:Tunisia 1387:Somalia 1362:Senegal 1287:Nigeria 1267:Myanmar 1262:Morocco 1207:Lebanon 1127:Iceland 1092:Germany 1087:Georgia 1077:Finland 1042:Ecuador 1027:Denmark 1007:Croatia 1002:Comoros 952:Bolivia 937:Belgium 927:Bahrain 912:Armenia 897:Andorra 892:Algeria 887:Albania 832:Surfing 809:Netball 769:Cycling 764:Curling 759:Cricket 657:Sikhism 652:Judaism 438:Science 409:Geology 386:Science 172:Society 138:Algiers 94:scholar 9338:Hawaii 9262:Tuvalu 9086:Guyana 9066:Brazil 8858:Panama 8848:Mexico 8793:Canada 8788:Belize 8709: 8692: 8679: 8609:Zambia 8604:Uganda 8544:Rwanda 8499:Malawi 8459:Guinea 8354:Angola 8224:Taiwan 8159:Turkey 8124:Russia 8059:Kuwait 8039:Jordan 8029:Israel 7989:Cyprus 7974:Brunei 7969:Bhutan 7645: 7603:poetry 7413: 7298:Ethics 7282:Dhimmi 7241:Baligh 7202:Mahram 7159:Family 7139:Toilet 7119:Miswak 6872:Lahori 6855:Najdat 6751:Salafi 6701:Seerah 6696:Tafsir 6691:Hadith 6661:Sokoto 6606:Sahaba 6481:Angels 6458:Tawhid 6415:topics 6355: 6330: 6092:. 2018 5982: 5904: 5778: 5753: 5696: 5555: 5516: 5302:MARKAZ 5048: 4428: 4389: 4352: 4276: 4235: 4057: 4047: 3886: 3786: 3555: 3527:- the 3423: 3357:p77-78 3351: 3317: 3307: 3266: 2940:Kuwait 2868:India⁣ 2847:Beirut 2831:London 2542:Jordan 2530:Kuwait 2517:abayas 2510:, and 2452:Travel 2444:1975. 2435:Qur'an 2410:Kuwait 2406:Jordan 2386:, and 2321:Kuwait 2313:Jordan 2201:Sunnah 2112:Queen 2047:Syrian 2037:Kahula 2013:in war 1977:ethnic 1868:Fatima 1845:Arabic 1819:Caliph 1763:Makkah 1656:Jordan 1654:, and 1610:health 1477:Uganda 1467:Tuvalu 1457:Turkey 1432:Taiwan 1422:Sweden 1352:Russia 1332:Poland 1312:Panama 1252:Mexico 1192:Kuwait 1172:Jordan 1157:Israel 1112:Guyana 1102:Greece 1082:France 1017:Cyprus 967:Brunei 962:Brazil 957:Bosnia 947:Bhutan 902:Angola 842:Tennis 827:Rowing 754:Boxing 732:Sports 680:Comics 662:Taoism 335:Piracy 325:Mother 300:Health 180: 96: 89: 82: 75: 67: 9257:Tonga 9247:Samoa 9237:Palau 9227:Nauru 9071:Chile 8908:Aruba 8833:Haiti 8664:Ceuta 8584:Sudan 8534:Niger 8489:Libya 8474:Kenya 8454:Ghana 8444:Gabon 8419:Egypt 8359:Benin 8265:Macau 8184:Yemen 8144:Syria 8119:Qatar 8099:Nepal 8034:Japan 8009:India 7999:Egypt 7984:China 7767:Quran 7647:Other 7542:Early 7466:Music 7382:Kalam 7336:Jizya 7324:Hudud 7209:Nikah 7126:Najis 7112:Ghusl 7071:Sukuk 7000:Women 6968:Music 6943:Flags 6848:Sufri 6841:Wahbi 6826:Ibadi 6726:Sunni 6686:Quran 6543:Zakat 6529:Salah 6492:Qadar 6450:Allah 6413:Islam 6353:S2CID 5553:S2CID 3345:Islam 3229:Aisha 3002:Qatar 2849:from 2823:Mecca 2811:Saudi 2693:women 2666:Some 2642:Libya 2618:Egypt 2550:hijab 2546:Syria 2534:Libya 2508:Egypt 2494:Hijab 2431:fatwa 2422:Qatar 2414:Libya 2305:Yemen 2301:Sudan 2297:Libya 2277:Egypt 2273:Syria 2135:Cairo 2033:Aisha 2025:Fitna 1971:were 1906:dowry 1825:734. 1815:Islam 1779:Islam 1532:Yemen 1447:Tonga 1427:Syria 1407:Sudan 1382:Spain 1347:Qatar 1307:Palau 1282:Niger 1272:Nepal 1212:Libya 1182:Kenya 1167:Japan 1137:India 1132:Italy 1117:Haiti 1097:Ghana 1047:Egypt 1021:North 992:China 987:Chile 942:Benin 818:Rodeo 697:Music 647:Islam 610:Bible 557:Music 506:Dance 450:Space 259:Womyn 197:Woman 101:JSTOR 87:books 9333:Guam 9290:Niue 9212:Fiji 9096:Peru 8978:Saba 8803:Cuba 8594:Togo 8504:Mali 8394:Chad 8104:Oman 8069:Laos 8024:Iraq 8019:Iran 7428:Arts 7359:POWs 7293:Diet 7223:Zina 7195:Mahr 7181:Haya 7145:Wudu 7092:Riba 7005:LGBT 6897:Life 6770:Shia 6765:Sufi 6550:Hajj 6536:Sawm 6328:ISBN 6098:2021 6000:link 5980:ISBN 5902:ISSN 5776:ISBN 5751:ISSN 5724:2017 5694:ISSN 5639:2017 5609:2017 5514:ISSN 5309:2019 5283:2019 5257:2018 5231:2016 5098:help 5078:2017 5046:ISBN 5025:help 5005:2017 4979:2017 4951:help 4931:2017 4905:help 4885:2017 4859:help 4839:2017 4813:help 4793:2017 4767:help 4747:2017 4721:help 4701:2017 4675:help 4655:2017 4629:help 4609:2017 4583:help 4563:2017 4537:2017 4509:help 4489:2017 4426:ISSN 4387:PMID 4350:ISBN 4274:ISSN 4233:ISSN 4178:2017 4055:OCLC 4045:ISBN 3884:ISBN 3857:2017 3784:ISBN 3680:2017 3586:2017 3553:ISBN 3502:2017 3421:ISBN 3349:ISBN 3315:PMID 3264:PMID 2966:ICBA 2902:BMMI 2685:Wali 2601:and 2538:Oman 2496:and 2325:Oman 2317:Iraq 2299:and 2023:and 2011:and 1997:qadi 1995:and 1979:and 1963:The 1888:The 1822:Umar 1805:The 1757:and 1749:and 1725:and 1691:Arab 1600:and 1588:and 1322:Peru 1297:Oman 1232:Mali 1202:Laos 1152:Iraq 1147:Iran 1072:Fiji 1012:Cuba 982:Chad 784:Golf 562:Jazz 511:Film 489:Arts 471:Arts 291:List 73:news 9124:and 8236:and 7169:Sex 7032:Law 6918:Art 5848:PBS 5686:doi 5545:doi 5504:hdl 5494:doi 5332:doi 4457:doi 4418:doi 4379:doi 4264:doi 4225:doi 3827:(9) 3456:. ( 3305:PMC 3295:doi 3047:Fes 2920:of 2918:CEO 2857:in 2640:In 2555:In 2348:UAE 2209:MPs 2186:UAE 1850:oud 1809:in 1737:In 1612:or 310:Law 56:by 9385:: 6351:. 6314:^ 6297:. 6272:. 6248:. 6224:. 6200:. 6114:. 6088:. 6077:^ 6060:. 6036:, 5996:}} 5992:{{ 5952:. 5928:. 5900:. 5896:. 5870:. 5846:. 5824:. 5798:. 5763:^ 5745:. 5741:. 5692:. 5682:23 5680:. 5655:. 5625:. 5595:. 5573:. 5551:. 5541:26 5539:. 5535:. 5512:. 5502:. 5490:16 5488:. 5484:. 5458:. 5434:. 5421:^ 5405:. 5392:^ 5376:. 5352:. 5328:44 5326:. 5300:. 5274:. 5248:. 5222:. 5208:^ 5187:. 5158:. 5133:. 5122:^ 5113:, 5090:: 5088:}} 5084:{{ 5069:. 5017:: 5015:}} 5011:{{ 4996:. 4970:. 4959:^ 4943:: 4941:}} 4937:{{ 4922:. 4897:: 4895:}} 4891:{{ 4876:. 4851:: 4849:}} 4845:{{ 4830:. 4805:: 4803:}} 4799:{{ 4784:. 4759:: 4757:}} 4753:{{ 4738:. 4713:: 4711:}} 4707:{{ 4692:. 4667:: 4665:}} 4661:{{ 4646:. 4621:: 4619:}} 4615:{{ 4600:. 4575:: 4573:}} 4569:{{ 4554:. 4528:. 4517:^ 4501:: 4499:}} 4495:{{ 4480:. 4453:12 4451:. 4447:. 4424:. 4414:38 4412:. 4408:. 4385:. 4375:48 4373:. 4321:. 4304:^ 4294:. 4272:. 4258:. 4254:. 4231:. 4221:40 4219:. 4207:^ 4197:. 4186:^ 4169:. 4150:. 4053:. 4004:. 3980:. 3940:. 3922:. 3882:. 3880:34 3848:. 3823:. 3817:. 3782:, 3778:, 3748:. 3736:^ 3688:^ 3666:. 3633:^ 3602:. 3572:. 3390:. 3386:. 3336:^ 3313:. 3303:. 3291:19 3289:. 3285:. 3258:. 2977:. 2870:. 2670:, 2656:. 2605:. 2597:, 2573:. 2544:, 2540:, 2536:, 2528:, 2420:, 2416:, 2412:, 2408:, 2404:, 2382:, 2211:, 2035:, 2031:, 1857:). 1781:. 1769:, 1650:, 1608:, 1596:, 1584:, 9180:e 9173:t 9166:v 9032:e 9025:t 9018:v 8751:e 8744:t 8737:v 8327:e 8320:t 8313:v 7920:e 7913:t 7906:v 6811:/ 6405:e 6398:t 6391:v 6359:. 6336:. 6308:. 6283:. 6258:. 6234:. 6210:. 6186:. 6166:. 6145:. 6125:. 6100:. 6071:. 6002:) 5988:. 5963:. 5938:. 5914:. 5881:. 5856:. 5809:. 5784:. 5757:. 5747:6 5726:. 5700:. 5688:: 5665:. 5641:. 5611:. 5559:. 5547:: 5520:. 5506:: 5496:: 5469:. 5444:. 5415:. 5386:. 5362:. 5338:. 5334:: 5311:. 5285:. 5259:. 5233:. 5202:. 5173:. 5144:. 5100:) 5080:. 5054:. 5027:) 5007:. 4981:. 4953:) 4933:. 4907:) 4887:. 4861:) 4841:. 4815:) 4795:. 4769:) 4749:. 4723:) 4703:. 4677:) 4657:. 4631:) 4611:. 4585:) 4565:. 4539:. 4511:) 4491:. 4465:. 4459:: 4432:. 4420:: 4393:. 4381:: 4358:. 4331:. 4298:. 4280:. 4266:: 4260:4 4239:. 4227:: 4201:. 4180:. 4061:. 4014:. 3990:. 3951:. 3926:. 3892:. 3859:. 3834:. 3825:4 3750:5 3682:. 3627:. 3612:. 3588:. 3504:. 3429:. 3401:. 3359:. 3347:( 3321:. 3297:: 3270:. 1566:e 1559:t 1552:v 1023:) 1019:( 186:) 182:( 144:. 123:) 117:( 112:) 108:( 98:· 91:· 84:· 77:· 50:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Knowledge

Women in the Arab world

Index