2540:
2971:
1724:
2931:
2789:
6531:
2581:
5778:
5695:
2532:
2826:
5740:
5710:
5665:
2955:
5793:
1095:
several states, the number of South Asians surpasses that of the native population. The four smallest states (by area), with coastlines entirely bordering the
Persian Gulf, showcase the world's most extreme population growth, nearly tripling every two decades. In 2014, the estimated population of the Arabian Peninsula was 77,983,936 (including expatriates). The Arabian Peninsula is known for having one of the most uneven adult sex ratios in the world, with females in some regions (especially the east) constituting only a quarter of people aged between 20 and 40.
5823:
5808:
1321:
1261:
1221:
5650:
100:
5680:
2886:
7093:
7278:
316:
6305:
9117:
1573:
2842:
1926:
7010:
4643:
1763:
2991:
2773:
1301:
1241:
1161:
1141:
740:
1702:
5725:
797:
7217:
2292:
6574:
1407:
2741:. The demonstration led to cracks in the ruling General People's Congress (GPC) and Saleh's Sanhani clan. Saleh used tactics of concession and violence to save his presidency. After numerous attempts, Saleh accepted the Gulf Cooperation Council's mediation. He eventually handed power to Vice President Hadi, who was sworn in as President of Yemen on 25 February 2012. Hadi launched a national dialogue to address new constitutional, political and social issues. The
2406:
1390:
6327:
2872:
4589:
2812:
90:
2854:
1181:
2916:
2386:
1749:
5272:
Birejek-Urga-Mardin-Kidiat-Jazirat (Ibn 'Unear)-Amadia to the
Persian frontier; East: The Persian frontier down to the Persian Gulf; South: The Indian Ocean (with the exclusion of Aden, whose status was to be maintained). West: The Red Sea and the Mediterranean Sea back to Mersin. The abolition of all exceptional privileges granted to foreigners under the capitulations. The conclusion of a defensive alliance between Great Britain
1201:
7232:
1281:
2038:
1341:
6394:
1104:
1688:
2901:
2398:
5577:
1372:
2157:
2970:
1903:' population, which diverged from other Eurasians soon after the Out-of-Africa migration, and subsequently became isolated, until it started to mix with other populations in the Middle East since around 25,000 years ago. These different Middle Eastern populations would later spread Basal Eurasian ancestry via the
2475:, asked for a British guarantee of independence. Their proposal included all Arab lands south of a line roughly corresponding to the northern frontiers of present-day Syria and Iraq. They envisioned a new Arab state, or confederation of states, adjoining the southern Arabian Peninsula. It would have comprised
4683:
Scerri, Eleanor M. L.; Shipton, Ceri; Clark-Balzan, Laine; Frouin, Marine; Schwenninger, Jean-Luc; Groucutt, Huw S.; Breeze, Paul S.; Parton, Ash; Blinkhorn, James; Drake, Nick A.; Jennings, Richard; Cuthbertson, Patrick; Al Omari, Abdulaziz; Alsharekh, Abdullah M.; Petraglia, Michael D. (29 November
7380:
Mountains are sorted in alphabetical order, unless where it concerns ranges. The highest confirmed mountains in each country are indicated with 'HP', and those with the highest peak are indicated with 'HP', bearing in mind that in the UAE, the highest mountain and the mountain with the highest peak
1094:
Despite its historically sparse population, political Arabia stands out for its rapid population growth, driven by both significant inflows of migrant labor and persistently high birth rates. The population is characterized by its relative youth and a heavily skewed gender ratio favoring males. In
823:
The
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia covers the greater part of the Peninsula. The majority of the population of the Peninsula lives in Saudi Arabia and Yemen. The Peninsula contains the world's largest reserves of oil. Saudi Arabia and the UAE are economically the wealthiest in the region. Qatar, the only
2718:
that opposed Iraq. Displays of support for Iraq by Jordan and
Palestine resulted in strained relations between many of the Arab states. After the war, a so-called "Damascus Declaration" formalized an alliance for future joint Arab defensive actions between Egypt, Syria, and the GCC member states.
675:
The Arab inhabitants used a north–south division of Arabia: Al Sham-Al Yaman, or Arabia
Deserta-Arabia Felix. Arabia Felix had originally been used for the whole peninsula, and at other times only for the southern region. Because its use became limited to the south, the whole peninsula was simply
1832:
coral sea. The reefs are also unaffected by mass tourism and diving or other large scale human interference. The
Persian gulf has suffered significant loss and degradation of coral reefs with the biggest ongoing threat believed to be coastal construction activity altering the marine environment.
804:
The
Peninsula's constituent countries are (clockwise from north to south) Kuwait, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) on the east, Oman on the southeast, Yemen on the south, and Saudi Arabia at the center. The island country of Bahrain lies just off the east coast of the Peninsula. Due to
3467:
1548:, although there are exceptions. Higher elevations are made temperate by their altitude, and the Arabian Sea coastline can receive cool, humid breezes in summer due to cold upwelling offshore. The peninsula has no thick forests. Desert-adapted wildlife is present throughout the region.
5271:
As cited by R, John and S. Hadawi's, Palestine Diary, pp. 30–31, the 'Damascus
Protocol' stated: "The recognition by Great Britain of the independence of the Arab countries lying within the following frontiers: North: The Line Mersin_Adana to parallel 37N. and thence along the line
2539:
1939:
There is evidence that human habitation in the
Arabian Peninsula dates back to about 106,000 to 130,000 years ago. The harsh climate historically prevented much settlement in the pre-Islamic Arabian Peninsula, apart from a small number of urban trading settlements, such as
676:
called Arabia. Arabia
Deserta was the entire desert region extending north from Arabia Felix to Palmyra and the Euphrates, including all the area between Pelusium on the Nile and Babylon. This area was also called Arabia and not sharply distinguished from the peninsula.
3733:
1551:
A plateau more than 2,500 feet (760 m) high extends across much of the Arabian Peninsula. The plateau slopes eastwards from the massive, rifted escarpment along the coast of the Red Sea, to the shallow waters of the Persian Gulf. The interior is characterized by
1723:
1836:
The fertile soils of Yemen have encouraged settlement of almost all of the land from sea level up to the mountains at 10,000 feet (3,000 m). In the higher elevations, elaborate terraces have been constructed to facilitate grain, fruit, coffee, ginger and
3796:
1898:
dates to approximately 90,000 years ago and is the oldest human fossil discovered outside of Africa and the Levant. This indicates human migrations from Africa to Arabia occurred around this time. The Arabian Peninsula may have been the homeland of a
3461:
1860:, upon which more than 60 million people depend for water. Twenty-one of the thirty seven largest aquifers "have exceeded sustainability tipping points and are being depleted" and thirteen of them are "considered significantly distressed".
4831:
Vallini, Leonardo; Zampieri, Carlo; Shoaee, Mohamed Javad; Bortolini, Eugenio; Marciani, Giulia; Aneli, Serena; Pievani, Telmo; Benazzi, Stefano; Barausse, Alberto; Mezzavilla, Massimo; Petraglia, Michael D.; Pagani, Luca (25 March 2024).
2673:, supported the republicans with as many as 70,000 troops. Despite several military moves and peace conferences, the war sank into a stalemate. Egypt's commitment to the war is considered to have been detrimental to its performance in the
1775:
Most of the Arabian Peninsula is unsuited to agriculture, making irrigation and land reclamation projects essential. The narrow coastal plain and isolated oases, amounting to less than 1% of the land area, are used to cultivate grains,
4741:
Uerpmann, Hans-Peter; Usik, Vitaly I.; Parker, Adrian G.; Marks, Anthony E.; Jasim, Sabah A.; Armitage, Simon J. (28 January 2011). "The Southern Route "Out of Africa": Evidence for an Early Expansion of Modern Humans into Arabia".
3741:
2498:
In the modern era, the term bilad al-Yaman came to refer specifically to the southwestern parts of the peninsula. Arab geographers started to refer to the whole peninsula as 'jazirat al-Arab', or the peninsula of the Arabs.
3804:
2788:
3855:
Alrouh, Hekmat, Awatef Ismail, and Sohaila Cheema. "Demographic and health indicators in Gulf Cooperation Council nations with an emphasis on Qatar." Journal of Local and Global Health Perspectives (2013): p
3438:
1828:, have a unique hot weather adaptation to sudden rise (and fall) in sea water temperature. Hence, these coral reefs are not affected by coral bleaching caused by rise in temperature as elsewhere in the
2930:
5210:
773:
with no clear borderline, although the northern boundary of the peninsula is generally considered to be the northern borders of Saudi Arabia and Kuwait, also southern regions of Iraq and Jordan.
2665:
The royalist side received support from Saudi Arabia, while the republicans were supported by Egypt and the Soviet Union. Both foreign irregular and conventional forces were also involved. The
5282:
725:
Al Tih, the Sinai peninsula, Hejaz, Asir, Yemen, Hadramaut, Mahra and Shilu, Oman, Hasa, Bahrain, Dahna, Nufud, the Hammad, which included the deserts of Syria, Mesopotamia and Babylonia.
5472:
1677:
in particular, on the border of the UAE and Oman, measuring between 1,100 and 1,300 m (3,600 and 4,300 ft), is not within the Hajar range, but may be considered an
2825:
4588:; Louys, Julien; Zalmout, Iyad S.; Al-Mufarreh, Yahya S. A.; Zech, Jana; Alsharekh, Abdullah M.; al Omari, Abdulaziz; Boivin, Nicole; Petraglia, Michael (29 October 2018).
6369:
2954:
1662:
southwards, the mountains show a steady increase in altitude westward as they get nearer to Yemen, and the highest peaks and ranges are all located in Yemen. The highest,
5503:
2461:
2425:). It was put in charge of Syria, Cilicia, Iraq, and the remainder of the Arabian Peninsula. The Ottomans never had any control over central Arabia, also known as the
1888:
reveal that hominins lived in the Arabian Peninsula around 188,000 years ago. Human habitation in Arabia may have occurred as early as 130,000 years ago. A fossilized
3430:
4264:
5441:
4530:
4342:
2090:, rapid expansion of Arab power well beyond the Arabian peninsula formed a vast Muslim Arab Empire with an area of influence that stretched from the northwest
6530:
4421:
3711:
2841:
3368:
1876:
migrated through a "Green Arabia" between 300,000 and 500,000 years ago. 200,000-year-old stone tools were discovered at Shuaib Al-Adgham in the eastern
651:("Desert Arabia"): signified the desert lands of Arabia. As a name for the region, it remained popular into the 19th and 20th centuries, and was used in
4100:
4208:
2471:
of 1914 provides an illustration of the regional relationships. Arabs living in one of the existing districts of the Arabian peninsula, the Emirate of
3826:
1816:
with a very rich tropical sea life and some of the world's largest, undestroyed and most pristine coral reefs. In addition, the organisms living in
836:. Kuwait, on the border with Iraq, is an important country strategically, forming one of the main staging grounds for coalition forces mounting the
6362:
4445:"Reclamation potentials of saline degraded lands in Abu Dhabi eastern region using high salinity-tolerant woody plants and some salt marsh species"
4390:
4293:
2612:. Two Saudi states were formed and controlled much of Arabia before Ibn Saud was even born. Ibn Saud, however, established the third Saudi state.
5464:
4809:
2577:
in Yemen. During World War I, the Sharif Hussein entered into an alliance with the United Kingdom and France against the Ottomans in June 1916.
2192:, the Arabs rapidly expanded the territory under Muslim control outside of Arabia. In a matter of decades Muslim armies decisively defeated the
7607:
5174:
2677:
of June 1967, after which Nasser found it increasingly difficult to maintain his army's involvement and began to pull his forces out of Yemen.
3646:
Weinstein, Y. (1 January 2007). "A transition from strombolian to phreatomagmatic activity induced by a lava flow damming water in a valley".
7106:
6762:
5613:
5325:
5354:
see Richard Schofield, Kuwait and Iraq: Historical Claims and Territorial. Disputes, London: Royal Institute of International Affairs 1991,
4899:
5378:
Egypt's Bid for Arab Leadership: Implications for U.S. Policy, By Gregory L. Aftandilian, Published by Council on Foreign Relations, 1993,
4584:
Roberts, Patrick; Stewart, Mathew; Alagaili, Abdulaziz N.; Breeze, Paul; Candy, Ian; Drake, Nick; Groucutt, Huw S.; Scerri, Eleanor M. L.;
4417:
4135:
2684:
recognized the republic and a truce was signed. Egyptian military historians refer to Egypt's role in the war in Yemen as analogous to the
1967:
769:
strait on the southwest and the Red Sea, which is located on the southwest and west. The northern portion of the peninsula merges with the
679:
The Arabs and the Ottoman Empire considered the west of the Arabian Peninsula region where the Arabs lived 'the land of the Arabs' – Bilad
6355:
3624:
3524:
3407:
3260:
5564:
5362:
and The Kuwait Crisis: Basic Documents, By E. Lauterpacht, C. J. Greenwood, Marc Weller, Published by Cambridge University Press, 1991,
4466:
3569:
3338:
3299:
3150:
8881:
8740:
6795:
1591:
There are mountains at the eastern, southern and northwestern borders of the peninsula. Broadly, the ranges can be grouped as follows:
3606:
see Review of Reviews and World's Work: An International Magazine, Albert Shaw ed., The Review of Reviews Corporation, 1919, page 408]
3188:
2519:
advice and support. A public subscription was opened throughout the Islamic world to fund the construction. The railway was to be a
9067:
7009:
6767:
5217:, explains that Mount Lebanon was in the jurisdiction of the Arabistan Army, and that its headquarters was briefly moved to Beirut.
2621:
3097:, Bahrain is technically not a part of the Arabian Peninsula, but a part of the slightly larger geopolitical region called Arabia.
5536:
5404:
Cornell University Library. Arab Spring:A Research & Study Guide:Yemen guides. library.cornell.edu. Last Updated: May 9, 2019
3767:"Asia: Population Statistics in Maps and Charts for Cities, Agglomerations and Administrative Divisions of all Countries in Asia"
2750:
2456:
established in the area around Riyadh rapidly expanded and briefly controlled most of the present-day territory of Saudi Arabia,
1845:
4563:
3324:
The Everything Understanding Islam Book: A Complete and Easy to Read Guide to Muslim Beliefs, Practices, Traditions, and Culture
8874:
8760:
7216:
4449:
Towards the rational use of high salinity tolerant plants: Vol 2: Agriculture and forestry under marginal soil water conditions
753:
The Arabian Peninsula is located in the continent of Asia and is bounded by (clockwise) the Persian Gulf on the northeast, the
5495:
2662:
and declared Yemen a republic under his presidency. The Imam escaped to the Saudi Arabian border and rallied popular support.
671:, which enjoys more rainfall, is much greener than the rest of the peninsula and has long enjoyed much more productive fields.
8869:
8803:
5236:
5160:
5144:
4933:
4505:
4460:
4384:
4336:
4258:
4202:
4094:
4064:
3999:
3947:
3563:
3497:
4005:
3953:
3874:
8864:
8828:
8767:
3060:
2885:
2737:
reached Yemen in January 2011. People of Yemen took to the street demonstrating against three decades of rule by President
2141:, his cousin and son-in-law, had been designated his successor. Abu Bakr's immediate task was to avenge a recent defeat by
223:
5190:
see History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey, Stanford J. Shaw, Ezel Kural Shaw, Cambridge University Press, 1977,
3903:
1841:
cultivation. The Arabian peninsula is known for its rich oil, i.e. petroleum production due to its geographical location.
8857:
8852:
8798:
5546:
The Coast of Arabia the Red Sea, and Persian Sea of Bassora Past the Straits of Hormuz to India, Gujarat and Cape Comorin
5255:
2728:
1423:
near the Red Sea, overlain by earlier sediments that become younger towards the Persian Gulf. Perhaps the best-preserved
667:("Fortunate Arabia"): was used by geographers to describe the southern part of the Arabian peninsula, mostly what is now
4234:
8726:
7600:
4991:
4958:
4164:
3144:
2758:
2558:
1920:
5433:
5115:
See: Holt (1977a), p.57, Hourani (2003), p.22, Lapidus (2002), p.32, Madelung (1996), p.43, Tabatabaei (1979), p.30–50
4522:
4316:
1666:
or Jabal Hadhur of the Haraz subrange of the Sarawat range, is 3,666 metres (12,028 ft) high. By comparison, the
8808:
6590:
6585:
5606:
5383:
5367:
5359:
5311:
5294:
5195:
5016:
3536:
3401:
3332:
3293:
3254:
3227:
1880:, which would indicate that many prehistoric sites, located along a network of rivers, had once existed in the area.
1872:
age along with fossils of other animals discovered at Ti's al Ghadah, in northwestern Saudi Arabia, might imply that
590:
In antiquity, the term "Arabia" encompassed a larger area than the current term "Arabian Peninsula" and included the
5572:
2811:
8823:
8813:
8755:
8733:
8716:
8711:
8630:
6800:
6595:
4452:
4250:
2121:
With Muhammad's death in 632, disagreement broke out over who would succeed him as leader of the Muslim community.
1849:
2853:
2133:, who was Muhammad's intimate friend and collaborator. Others added their support and Abu Bakr was made the first
780:, but in the southwest, there are mountain ranges, which receive greater rainfall than the rest of the peninsula.
633:
in the southern Levant, the Sinai Peninsula and northwestern Arabian Peninsula. It was the only one that became a
9196:
9186:
8833:
8662:
8528:
8442:
8392:
3707:
3774:
8777:
7386:
3040:
2643:
2624:
in the 1930s. Its production brought great wealth to all countries of the region, with the exception of Yemen.
1934:
9142:
5422:
University Library. University of Illinois at Urbana-champaign. guides.library.edu. Arab Spring Workshop:Yemen
3680:
McLaughlin, Rob (2015). "The Continuing Conundrum of the Somali Territorial Sea and Exclusive Economic Zone".
9087:
9072:
7593:
6315:
3360:
1800:
areas of Oman and Yemen. These areas allow for large scale coconut plantations. Much of Yemen has a tropical
4192:
9120:
8772:
8402:
8129:
7834:
6221:
5599:
1482:
2006:. The earliest known events in Arabian history are migrations from the peninsula into neighbouring areas.
1701:
1461:
in the south, with sand estimated to extend 600 ft (180 m) below the surface; between them, the
9201:
9191:
8259:
6966:
6557:
6181:
5155:
Goldschmidt, Jr., Arthur; Lawrence Davidson (2005). A Concise History of the Middle East (8th ed.), p.48
3834:
3830:
2609:
2580:
2488:
2422:
4590:"Fossil herbivore stable isotopes reveal middle Pleistocene hominin palaeoenvironment in 'Green Arabia'"
9181:
8437:
8422:
7720:
7705:
7245:
5581:
4368:
4287:
3591:
2817:
2445:
1788:
husbandry is widespread elsewhere throughout the rest of the Peninsula. Some areas have a summer humid
2531:
8818:
8750:
8721:
8706:
8447:
8372:
6126:
6116:
5869:
5171:
4801:
2715:
734:
657:
7537:
Due to the peak of Jebel Jais being in Oman, this mountain has the highest confirmed peak in the UAE
8407:
8324:
7907:
7620:
7353:
7047:
6335:
6101:
4242:
3595:
3045:
3015:
2832:
2746:
2597:
2589:
2302:
Despite its spiritual importance, in political terms Arabia soon became a peripheral region of the
2208:
to India. The political focus of the Muslim world then shifted to the newly conquered territories.
1853:
1789:
1663:
1581:
1081:
829:
817:
485:
between 56 and 23 million years ago, and is bordered by the Red Sea to the west and southwest, the
35:
7585:
5333:
4896:
2149:) forces, although he first had to put down a rebellion by Arab tribes in an episode known as the
1516:
Arabia has few lakes or permanent rivers. Most areas are drained by ephemeral watercourses called
9054:
8745:
8652:
8329:
8039:
8034:
6943:
6468:
6445:
6417:
6158:
6153:
4056:
3939:
2803:
2605:
2457:
1505:
31:
4488:
Riegl, Bernhard; Purkis, Samuel (2011). "Persian/Arabian Gulf Coral Reefs". In Hopley, D (ed.).
4125:
2749:
and stormed the Yemeni capital Sanaa on 21 September 2014. In response, Saudi Arabia launched a
1804:
rain influenced mountain climate. The plains usually have either a tropical or subtropical arid
9031:
8838:
8432:
8235:
7164:
6739:
6347:
6096:
5413:
Britannica.com. "Yemen Uprising of 2011–12". Written By:The editors of Encyclopedia Britannica.
4983:
2681:
2562:
2201:
2028:
1857:
17:
6986:
5207:
4084:
3616:
3519:
3391:
3244:
9124:
8988:
8908:
8551:
8452:
8061:
6876:
5981:
5889:
5699:
5694:
4444:
4131:
3553:
3322:
3283:
3130:
2871:
2779:
2633:
2228:
1509:
1420:
841:
4975:
4802:"First human migration out of Africa more geographically widespread than previously thought"
4048:
4044:
8998:
7974:
7692:
7310:
7255:
7098:
6320:
6075:
5966:
5553:
4845:
4834:"The Persian plateau served as hub for Homo sapiens after the main out of Africa dispersal"
4751:
4697:
4601:
4230:
3655:
2146:
1904:
1607:
1320:
1260:
1220:
459:
202:
2990:
1419:
The rocks exposed vary systematically across Arabia, with the oldest rocks exposed in the
387:
375:
8:
8647:
8312:
8249:
8225:
8056:
7917:
7863:
7804:
7775:
7715:
7710:
6901:
6476:
6425:
6330:
6277:
6067:
6026:
4925:
3991:
3285:
Encyclopedia of National Dress: Traditional Clothing Around the World [2 Volumes]
3219:
3180:
3050:
2647:
2639:
2173:
2122:
2091:
2073:
2003:
1707:
806:
784:
is a large volcanic field that extends from northwestern Arabia into Jordan and southern
5986:
4874:
4849:
4833:
4755:
4701:
4605:
3659:
2900:
2604:
between 1913 and 1926 founded the modern state of Saudi Arabia. The Saudis absorbed the
2353:
of one of the major Islamic empires of the time. In the Middle Ages, these included the
528:
Before the modern era, the region was divided into primarily four distinct regions: the
9206:
8935:
8556:
8519:
8397:
7843:
7765:
7725:
7700:
6961:
6658:
6653:
6185:
6031:
6011:
4783:
4718:
4685:
4635:
4049:
4040:
3431:"Kingdom of Saudi Arabia – Doing business in the Gulf region – netherlandsworldwide.nl"
3070:
2915:
2772:
2738:
2707:
2670:
2666:
2655:
2492:
2453:
2390:
2185:
2032:
1916:
1877:
1869:
1693:
833:
716:
652:
5558:
5533:
816:
The six countries of Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE form the
711:). The Ottomans used the term Arabistan in a broad sense for the region starting from
9016:
8635:
8462:
8427:
8288:
8283:
8264:
7900:
7660:
7142:
7052:
7018:
6820:
6792:
6605:
6498:
6106:
6071:
5379:
5363:
5355:
5307:
5290:
5232:
5191:
5156:
5140:
5012:
4987:
4976:
4954:
4929:
4879:
4861:
4775:
4767:
4723:
4665:
4627:
4555:
4501:
4456:
4413:
4380:
4376:
4332:
4254:
4198:
4090:
4060:
3995:
3943:
3667:
3559:
3532:
3397:
3328:
3289:
3250:
3223:
3140:
3010:
2937:
2891:
2863:
2754:
2468:
2441:
2410:
2295:
2205:
2189:
2177:
2138:
2111:
2042:
2016:
1971:
1670:, Shammar and Dhofar generally do not exceed 1,000 m (3,300 ft) in height.
1640:
1617:
810:
762:
630:
585:
4787:
4639:
2651:
2049:
The seventh century saw the rise of Islam as the peninsula's dominant religion. The
1958:
has revealed the existence of many civilizations in pre-Islamic Arabia (such as the
9097:
9092:
9082:
9011:
8688:
8642:
8585:
8514:
8377:
8271:
8220:
8198:
8051:
7998:
7937:
7298:
7147:
7066:
6929:
6857:
6539:
6267:
6241:
5931:
4869:
4853:
4759:
4713:
4705:
4617:
4609:
4493:
4289:
Tertiary laterite of the As Sarat Mountains, Asir Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
3663:
3055:
3020:
2659:
2601:
2326:
2260:
2240:
2193:
2065:
1999:
1975:
1667:
1633:
1603:
1454:
1428:
781:
754:
743:
330:
4918:
4497:
3489:
1639:
Northwest: Aside from the Sarawat, the northern portion of Saudi Arabia hosts the
8983:
8484:
8472:
8457:
8412:
8362:
8302:
8244:
8205:
8193:
8186:
8095:
7912:
7895:
7870:
7398:
7314:
7152:
7137:
7026:
6981:
6865:
6837:
6754:
6744:
6718:
6713:
6678:
6408:
6257:
6227:
6168:
5991:
5540:
5286:
5277:
5259:
5214:
5208:
The Politics of Interventionism in Ottoman Lebanon, 1830–1861, by Caesar E. Farah
5178:
5165:
4903:
4585:
3983:
3933:
3866:
3528:
3212:
3136:
2742:
2248:
2197:
2056:
was born in Mecca in about 570 and first began preaching in the city in 610, but
2050:
1983:
1644:
1596:
1544:
than any other region in the world. In general, the climate is extremely hot and
1378:
825:
475:
367:
315:
99:
76:
62:
7277:
6304:
2279:
became the pilgrimage destinations for large numbers of Muslims from across the
9128:
9077:
8976:
8940:
8920:
8903:
8843:
8607:
8499:
8477:
8467:
8319:
8297:
8181:
8176:
8161:
8156:
8083:
8029:
7981:
7952:
7858:
7848:
7406:
7304:
7292:
7173:
6991:
6956:
6937:
6919:
6845:
6787:
6703:
6683:
6673:
6663:
6648:
6637:
6631:
6623:
6613:
6507:
6189:
5909:
5863:
4857:
4709:
4194:
Gazetteer of Arabia: a geographical and tribal history of the Arabian Peninsula
3094:
3035:
2566:
2508:
2418:
2417:
The provincial Ottoman Army for Arabia (Arabistan Ordusu) was headquartered in
1995:
1900:
1809:
1805:
1781:
1625:
1486:
1478:
1458:
824:
peninsular country in the Persian Gulf on the larger peninsula, is home to the
747:
648:
634:
626:
611:
591:
557:
5252:
4613:
4451:. Vol. 2: Agriculture and forestry under marginal soil water conditions.
3897:
2847:
Qasr al Farid, tomb in Archeological site Mada'in Saleh, Al-`Ula, Saudi Arabia
1687:
9175:
9157:
9144:
9102:
8971:
8963:
8930:
8667:
8617:
8509:
8504:
8494:
8344:
8307:
8215:
8210:
8112:
8017:
7031:
6951:
6881:
6812:
6206:
5744:
5739:
5729:
5724:
4865:
4771:
2685:
2516:
2433:
2345:. Although, the Sharifs exercised at most times independent authority in the
2303:
2280:
2244:
2057:
1885:
1825:
1629:
1524:
exist beneath much of the peninsula, however, and where this water surfaces,
1494:
1084:
states with their coastline in the Persian Gulf: UAE, Bahrain, Qatar, Kuwait
837:
770:
766:
595:
561:
428:
42:
4763:
4160:
2480:
2322:. However, from the 10th century (and, in fact, until the 20th century) the
1762:
9006:
8945:
8925:
8915:
8625:
8597:
8352:
8090:
8024:
7993:
7942:
7814:
7743:
7680:
7670:
7201:
7189:
6970:
6886:
6870:
6851:
6779:
6734:
6708:
6698:
6693:
6688:
6668:
6579:
6481:
6309:
6262:
5996:
5971:
5782:
5777:
5306:
King Hussein and the Kingdom of Hejaz, Randall Baker, Oleander Press 1979,
5139:
Farah, Caesar (1994). Islam: Beliefs and Observances (5th ed.), pp.145–147
4883:
4779:
4727:
4631:
4364:
2877:
2799:
2547:
2421:, which included Palestine, the Transjordan region in addition to Lebanon (
2220:
2137:. This choice was disputed by some of Muhammad's companions, who held that
2103:
2095:
1991:
1963:
1925:
1895:
1890:
1856:
on 16 June 2015, the most over-stressed aquifer system in the world is the
1674:
1572:
1470:
Stretches of dry or marshy coastland with coral reefs on the Red Sea side (
1412:
AR-Arabian Plate, velocities with respect to Africa in millimeters per year
1300:
1240:
1160:
1140:
1111:
758:
700:
664:
619:
573:
541:
506:
490:
486:
455:
197:
2291:
1990:). From 106 AD to 630 AD northwestern Arabia was under the control of the
431:. At 3,237,500 km (1,250,000 sq mi), comparable in size to
9062:
9021:
8952:
8657:
8546:
8489:
8417:
8367:
8254:
8230:
8119:
7957:
7875:
7853:
7829:
7675:
7665:
7345:
7335:
7330:
7320:
6976:
6906:
6723:
6547:
6512:
6486:
6430:
6163:
6131:
6121:
4666:"Saudi Arabia's Qassim stone axe find points to prehistoric 'crossroads'"
4292:. Vol. 2. Directorate General of Mineral Resources. pp. iii–2.
3766:
3025:
2734:
2689:
2674:
2554:
2432:
The emergence of what was to become the Saudi royal family, known as the
2099:
1955:
1829:
1621:
1577:
1395:
1185:
599:
522:
510:
502:
498:
292:
4622:
2588:
These events were followed by the foundation of Saudi Arabia under King
2405:
2002:
in the 4th, 5th and early 6th centuries. Eastern Arabia was home to the
1406:
796:
757:
and the Gulf of Oman on the east, the Arabian Sea on the southeast, the
8592:
8561:
8387:
8382:
8046:
8007:
7969:
7887:
7760:
7645:
7640:
7402:
7325:
7195:
7131:
6911:
6891:
6552:
6201:
6111:
6091:
5941:
5669:
5664:
4197:. Vol. 2. Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt. pp. 117–288.
3030:
2921:
2350:
2150:
1537:
1389:
739:
549:
514:
5591:
5031:
Philip Khuri Hitti (2002), History of the Arabs, Revised: 10th Edition
4686:"The expansion of later Acheulean hominins into the Arabian Peninsula"
2753:
in March 2015. The civil war and subsequent military intervention and
9039:
8698:
8672:
8602:
8580:
8573:
8357:
8134:
8068:
7964:
7787:
7770:
7655:
7650:
7624:
7390:
6728:
6272:
6136:
6086:
6006:
6001:
5946:
5879:
5622:
4324:
3617:"New International Encyclopedia – 2nd Edition, Dodd, Mead, Co., 1914"
2906:
2526:
2449:
2323:
2307:
2224:
2142:
2087:
1881:
1817:
1813:
1797:
1711:
1541:
1424:
1325:
537:
518:
420:
416:
297:
267:
5527:
5465:"UK, US and France may be complicit in Yemen war crimes – UN report"
5326:"The Egyptian-Yemen War: Egyptian perspectives on Guerrilla warfare"
2831:
The facade of a tomb with its details and architectural elements in
2507:
The railway was started in 1900 at the behest of the Ottoman Sultan
2385:
1580:
in the west of present-day Yemen include Arabia's highest mountain,
719:, and on through the remainder of the Sinai and Arabian peninsulas.
89:
8566:
8171:
8107:
8078:
7988:
7947:
7755:
7735:
7615:
6643:
6196:
6081:
5961:
5951:
5914:
5899:
5884:
5874:
5797:
5792:
5545:
2981:
2941:
2711:
2701:
2543:
2366:
2362:
2354:
2341:
but in the 13th century it was extended to include the rest of the
2311:
2268:
2227:
requires every able-bodied Muslim who can afford it, as one of the
2130:
2115:
2080:
2053:
2011:
1979:
1873:
1821:
1748:
1730:
302:
4373:
Mecca the Blessed, Medina the Radiant: The Holiest Cities of Islam
2444:, founder of the dynasty, joined forces with the religious leader
2076:- a single Arab Muslim religious polity in the Arabian Peninsula.
2037:
1729:
A subrange of the Jabal Shammar mountains in the desert region of
1520:, which are dry except during the rainy season. Plentiful ancient
715:, where the Euphrates river makes its descent into Syria, through
474:. The largest of these is Saudi Arabia. In the classical era, the
8538:
8276:
8166:
8124:
8012:
7824:
7819:
7748:
7394:
7382:
6896:
6216:
6211:
5976:
5956:
5936:
5904:
5894:
5827:
5822:
5812:
5807:
3065:
2859:
2476:
2370:
2358:
2329:
maintained a state in the most developed part of the region, the
2315:
2161:
2084:
1801:
1678:
1613:
1521:
1501:
1471:
1265:
1103:
712:
569:
482:
439:
257:
167:
148:
6377:
5227:
Harris, Ian; Mews, Stuart; Morris, Paul; Shepherd, John (1992).
9044:
8148:
8102:
7809:
7796:
7075:
6247:
6016:
5714:
5709:
5654:
5649:
4682:
4246:
2996:
2977:
2961:
2714:. Egypt, Qatar, Syria, and Saudi Arabia joined a multinational
2593:
2570:
2512:
2484:
2338:
2276:
2264:
2216:
2134:
2126:
2061:
1959:
1945:
1793:
1777:
1651:
1561:
1545:
1398:
in southeastern Arabia (Oman), also known as the 'Turtle Beach'
1305:
1285:
1180:
1165:
1145:
1107:
777:
692:
684:
642:
494:
481:
The Arabian Peninsula formed as a result of the rifting of the
471:
443:
435:, the Arabian Peninsula is the largest peninsula in the world.
424:
277:
272:
262:
237:
232:
182:
177:
4830:
4083:زبارة, محمد بن محمد بن يحيى اليمني/الصنعاني (1 January 1998).
2397:
1673:
Not all mountains in the peninsula are visibly within ranges.
1431:, lies exposed in the mountains of the UAE and northern Oman.
1118:
The eleven most populous cities on the Arabian Peninsula are:
8895:
8790:
8334:
7632:
7616:
7237:
6021:
5626:
5557:
4328:
3555:
A House of Many Mansions: The History of Lebanon Reconsidered
2945:
2795:
2472:
2374:
2346:
2342:
2334:
2330:
2319:
2272:
2256:
2252:
2236:
2212:
2107:
2069:
2009:
The Arabian Peninsula has long been accepted as the original
1987:
1949:
1941:
1785:
1715:
1659:
1585:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1490:
1462:
1450:
1443:
1345:
1245:
1225:
1205:
1200:
785:
668:
638:
565:
545:
463:
451:
432:
404:
282:
252:
247:
242:
207:
192:
153:
5496:"The Photos the U.S. and Saudi Arabia Don't Want You to See"
4583:
2333:. Their domain originally comprised only the holy cities of
1442:, with fertile valleys and pastures used for the grazing of
1371:
7929:
6399:
5684:
5679:
2745:, dissatisfied with the outcomes of the national dialogue,
2574:
2520:
2437:
2426:
2423:
Mount Lebanon was, however, a semi-autonomous mutasarrifate
2232:
2169:
1838:
1517:
1439:
1340:
1280:
708:
553:
533:
529:
467:
447:
351:
348:
342:
333:
287:
187:
172:
5276:. The grant of economic preference to Great Britain." see
4089:(in Arabic). Dar Al Kotob Al Ilmiyah (دار الكتب العلمية).
2553:
The major developments of the early 20th century were the
2523:, an inalienable religious endowment or charitable trust.
2502:
2156:
30:"Arabia" and "Arabian" redirect here. For other uses, see
4443:
Lieth, Helmut; Al Masoom, A. A., eds. (6 December 2012).
1812:. The sea surrounding the Arabian Peninsula is generally
5548:
from the World Digital Library, depicts a map from 1707.
5226:
4973:
4890:
4086:نيل الوطر من تراجم رجال اليمن في القرن الثالث عشر 1–2 ج1
983:
Political Definition: Gulf Cooperation Council and Yemen
5552:
Wahab, Robert Alexander; Thatcher, Griffithes Wheeler;
5395:
BBC World News, Arab Uprising:Country by Country -Yemen
4740:
2984:
civilization, in the Neolithic period, (about 8000 BC).
2620:
The second major development has been the discovery of
2596:. Continuing his conquests, Abdulaziz subdued Al-Hasa,
2569:
and creating a single unified Arab state spanning from
2310:
were based at various times in such far away cities as
6496:
4420:
and Emirates Natural History Group. pp. 149–168.
4120:
4118:
2565:
with the aim of securing independence from the ruling
2219:
remained the spiritually most important places in the
4055:. Vol. 1. Cavendish Square Publishing. pp.
2180:. The period of these first four caliphs is known as
1606:
of southern Oman, contiguous with the eastern Yemeni
354:
7528:
Highest mountain in the UAE, but the peak is in Oman
4556:"Study: Third of Big Groundwater Basins in Distress"
3761:
3759:
2064:
in 622. From there he and his companions united the
1497:(in modern-day Saudi Arabia), according to an author
345:
339:
4223:
4115:
3693:A.S. Alsharhan, Z. A. Rizk, A. E. M. Nairn , 2001,
3682:
The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law
2960:Bull's head, made of copper in the early period of
2608:, with their expansion only ending in 1934 after a
2561:. The Arab Revolt (1916–1918) was initiated by the
2557:during World War I and the subsequent collapse and
2188:. Under the Rashidun Caliphs, and, from 661, their
336:
5551:
4948:
4917:
3931:
3558:. University of California Press. pp. 60–61.
3429:Zaken, Ministerie van Buitenlandse (14 May 2017).
3211:
2527:The Arab Revolt and the foundation of Saudi Arabia
5172:Encyclopædia Britannica Online: History of Arabia
4161:"Jabal an-Nabī Shu'ayb, Bani Matar, Sanaa, Yemen"
3756:
2535:Physical and political elements of Arabia in 1929
1848:(GRACE) satellite data (2003–2013) analysed in a
1114:, the most populous city in the Arabian Peninsula
809:, the Peninsula's geopolitical outline faces the
509:to the southeast. The peninsula plays a critical
9173:
4078:
4076:
4035:
4033:
4031:
4029:
4027:
4025:
4023:
2794:Ain Zubaydah was built to water the pilgrims in
2452:, a strict puritanical form of Sunni Islam. The
7573:Highest confirmed peak in the Arabian Peninsula
5042:Introduction to Semitic Comparative Linguistics
4436:
4405:
4229:
4186:
4184:
4182:
3977:
3975:
3973:
3971:
3521:Pilgrimage and Holy Space in Late Antique Egypt
1986:(usually considered to be the biblical land of
1481:, the most important of which are those of the
776:The most prominent feature of the peninsula is
438:Geographically, the Arabian Peninsula includes
5124:
5054:The Language of Palestine and Adjacent Regions
4442:
4279:
3927:
3925:
3923:
3921:
3902:. London: H.M. Stationery Office. p. 15.
3859:
3648:Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research
3594:, Published by Longmans, Green and co., 1939,
3482:
3459:
1540:, which allowed the peninsula to produce more
622:named three regions with the prefix "Arabia".
7601:
7107:List of mountains in the United Arab Emirates
6363:
5607:
5079:The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
4550:
4548:
4321:Patterns of Regional Geography: World regions
4073:
4020:
3547:
3545:
2818:Omar Mosque in Dumat al-Jandal, Saudi Arabia.
2271:'s grave; as a result, from the 7th century,
1754:Coconut palms line corniches of Al-Hafa, Oman
629:("Stony Arabia"): it consisted of the former
115:3,237,500 km (1,250,000 sq mi)
7115:
6416:
4179:
3968:
381:
68:
54:
7440:Also regarded as being of the Western Hajar
7431:Also regarded as being of the Western Hajar
6928:
5323:
5011:. London: Aurum Press Ltd. pp. 25–31.
4523:"The Emergence of the Arabian Oil Industry"
4487:
4412:Gardner, Andrew Somerville (January 2004).
4331:: Concept Publishing Company. p. 354.
3918:
1624:to the east of Yemen, as well as those of
393:
7608:
7594:
7344:
6370:
6356:
5614:
5600:
5289:, By Randall Baker, Oleander Press, 1979,
4545:
4308:
4285:
3981:
3889:
3542:
3128:
2247:at least once in his or her lifetime. The
687:), and its major divisions were the bilad
224:15 largest cities on the Arabian Peninsula
98:
88:
5580:, Eran Laor Cartographic Collection, The
5534:High resolution scan of old map of Arabia
5118:
5066:Historische semitische Sprachwissenschaft
4953:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 319.
4873:
4717:
4621:
4155:
4153:
4039:
3645:
3396:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 337.
3132:Merriam Webster's Geographical Dictionary
2168:On his death in 634, he was succeeded by
1998:. Central Arabia was the location of the
517:and globally due to its vast reserves of
7040:
5332:. No. Jan–Feb, 2004. Archived from
4520:
4357:
4190:
3895:
3590:See for example Palestine: The Reality,
3174:
3172:
3170:
3168:
2650:from 1962 to 1970. The war began with a
2638:The North Yemen Civil War was fought in
2627:
2579:
2546:, the founding father and first king of
2538:
2530:
2404:
2396:
2384:
2290:
2155:
2036:
1924:
1636:in what is now northwestern Saudi Arabia
1571:
1102:
795:
738:
572:for the western coast), as described by
314:
93:
5621:
5493:
5462:
5431:
5324:Aboul-Enein, Youssef (1 January 2004).
5262:". Library of Congress Country Studies.
4978:On the Reliability of the Old Testament
4411:
2722:
2503:Late Ottoman rule and the Hejaz Railway
1846:Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment
791:
319:Satellite view of the Arabian Peninsula
14:
9174:
5006:
4982:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p.
4915:
4314:
4150:
3551:
3321:Dodge, Christine Huda (1 April 2003).
3281:
3242:
3105:
3103:
3089:
3087:
2654:carried out by the republican leader,
2186:Rashidun or "rightly guided" Caliphate
2164:'s empire and its vassals shown in red
1850:University of California, Irvine (UCI)
1007:
866:
478:was also considered a part of Arabia.
7589:
6351:
5595:
5463:Wintour, Patrick (3 September 2019).
5317:
5274:and the future independent Arab State
5229:Contemporary Religions: A World Guide
4286:Overstreet, William Courtney (1977).
4251:Springer Science & Business Media
4103:from the original on 25 February 2021
4082:
3956:from the original on 15 February 2017
3877:from the original on 20 February 2020
3500:from the original on 25 February 2021
3428:
3389:
3320:
3165:
1910:
1894:finger bone found at Al Wusta in the
1536:) and permit agriculture, especially
5494:Kristof, Nicholas (31 August 2017).
5475:from the original on 22 October 2019
5279:King Husain and the Kingdom of Hejaz
4812:from the original on 2 December 2018
4424:from the original on 14 January 2019
4393:from the original on 31 October 2021
4363:
4296:from the original on 8 December 2020
4267:from the original on 31 October 2021
4211:from the original on 31 October 2021
3906:from the original on 31 October 2021
3777:from the original on 6 November 2014
3361:"15 Largest Peninsulas in the World"
3341:from the original on 31 October 2021
3153:from the original on 6 February 2016
3077:
3061:List of Arabian cities by population
2658:, which dethroned the newly crowned
2202:conquering huge swathes of territory
1556:and valleys, drained by a system of
832:and its English-language subsidiary
5506:from the original on 31 August 2017
4239:Vegetation of the Arabian Peninsula
3819:
3609:
3488:
3410:from the original on 1 October 2022
3209:
3100:
3084:
2710:by Iraqi forces led to the 1990–91
2349:, they were usually subject to the
1620:, which can be seen to include the
1080:Population of 4 smallest (in area)
800:The constituent countries of Arabia
382:
371:
69:
55:
24:
6380:mountains on the Arabian Peninsula
5521:
5444:from the original on 30 March 2022
4490:Encyclopedia of Modern Coral Reefs
4469:from the original on 30 March 2019
4233:; Fisher, Martin (17 April 2013).
3708:"Arabian Peninsula Countries 2021"
3531:, David Frankfurter, BRILL, 1998,
3470:from the original on 20 April 2021
3371:from the original on 17 March 2021
3210:Niz, Ellen Sturm (10 April 2006).
2706:In 1990, Iraq invaded Kuwait. The
2559:partitioning of the Ottoman Empire
1921:Arabian Peninsula in the Roman era
1453:in the north, which is stony; the
1002:
861:
25:
9218:
6591:List of volcanoes in Saudi Arabia
6586:List of mountains in Saudi Arabia
5587:
5573:Arabia: Cultural-Historical Zones
5253:The Saud Family and Wahhabi Islam
4974:Kenneth Anderson Kitchen (2003).
4646:from the original on 14 June 2020
4566:from the original on 27 June 2015
4167:from the original on 12 June 2020
4138:from the original on 9 March 2021
3627:from the original on 24 June 2016
3572:from the original on 13 June 2020
3178:
2592:. In 1902, Ibn Saud had captured
2380:
813:and the Somali Sea to the south.
9116:
9115:
8448:West South Central United States
7567:
7276:
7230:
7215:
7183:Outliers, outcrops or anticlines
7091:
7008:
6572:
6529:
6392:
6326:
6325:
6303:
5821:
5806:
5791:
5776:
5738:
5723:
5708:
5693:
5678:
5663:
5648:
4533:from the original on 1 June 2021
4369:"1: The Holiest Cities of Islam"
4345:from the original on 3 June 2021
4008:from the original on 2 July 2020
3714:from the original on 9 July 2021
3668:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2006.06.015
3496:. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
3441:from the original on 11 May 2021
3302:from the original on 19 May 2021
3263:from the original on 19 May 2021
3191:from the original on 22 May 2019
3129:Hopkins, Daniel J.; 편집부 (2001).
2989:
2969:
2953:
2929:
2914:
2899:
2884:
2870:
2852:
2840:
2824:
2810:
2787:
2771:
2440:in central Arabia in 1744, when
2259:, Islam's holiest site, and the
2022:
1761:
1747:
1722:
1700:
1686:
1405:
1388:
1370:
1339:
1319:
1299:
1279:
1259:
1239:
1219:
1199:
1179:
1159:
1139:
372:شِبْهُ الْجَزِيرَة الْعَرَبِيَّة
329:
8663:Latin America and the Caribbean
8529:Latin America and the Caribbean
7558:
7549:
7540:
7531:
7522:
7513:
7504:
7493:
7482:
7473:
7461:
7452:
7443:
7434:
7425:
7416:
6149:Possible future supercontinents
5487:
5456:
5425:
5416:
5407:
5398:
5389:
5372:
5348:
5300:
5265:
5245:
5220:
5201:
5184:
5149:
5133:
5125:L. Gardet; J. Jomier. "Islam".
5109:
5083:
5071:
5058:
5046:
5034:
5025:
5000:
4967:
4942:
4924:. Bloomsbury Academic. p.
4909:
4824:
4794:
4734:
4676:
4658:
4577:
4514:
4481:
4453:Springer Science+Business Media
3849:
3833:. 7 August 2007. Archived from
3789:
3726:
3700:
3687:
3674:
3639:
3600:
3584:
3552:Salibi, Kamal Suleiman (1988).
3512:
3453:
3422:
3393:Geopolitics of the World System
3383:
3246:Encyclopedia of World Geography
2729:Yemeni Civil War (2014–present)
2615:
1738:
1477:Oases and marshy coast-land in
70:شِبْه ٱلْجَزِيرَة ٱلْعَرَبِيَّة
6379:
4951:Historical Dictionary of Yemen
4594:Nature Ecology & Evolution
4521:Sorkhabi, Rasoul (June 2008).
4492:. Springer. pp. 790–798.
4414:"The reptiles of Jebel Hafeet"
3935:Historical Dictionary of Yemen
3353:
3314:
3275:
3236:
3203:
3122:
3041:European exploration of Arabia
2751:military intervention in Yemen
2644:Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen
2306:, in which the most important
2286:
1952:in the west of the peninsula.
1935:Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia
1465:
994:Historical population (Gulf 4)
805:Yemen's jurisdiction over the
602:period, the area was known as
13:
1:
7385:are indicated with 'OC', and
5127:Encyclopaedia of Islam Online
5077:Bromiley, Geoffrey W. (1995)
5052:Courtenay, James John (2009)
4498:10.1007/978-90-481-2639-2_123
3867:"World City Populations 2022"
3710:. worldpopulationreview.com.
3282:Condra, Jill (9 April 2013).
3243:McColl, R. W. (14 May 2014).
3116:
2584:The Arabian Peninsula in 1923
2511:and was built largely by the
2409:Territorial evolution of the
2401:The Arabian Peninsula in 1914
1929:Pre-Islamic Arabia in 1000 BC
1532:, two of the world's largest
847:
723:The provinces of Arabia were:
8130:Middle East and North Africa
7835:Middle East and North Africa
5927:Other prehistoric continents
4315:Mandal, Ram Bahadur (1990).
4191:Scoville, Sheila A. (2006).
3695:Waterology of an Arid Region
3390:Cohen, Saul Bernard (2003).
1820:with the Red Sea coral, the
1650:Central: The Najd hosts the
1643:, which include the Aja and
1567:
1361:
1354:
728:
579:
7:
5064:Kienast, Burkhart. (2001).
5040:Gray, Louis Herbert (2006)
4949:Robert D. Burrowes (2010).
3982:McLaughlin, Daniel (2008).
3932:Robert D. Burrowes (2010).
3831:Central Intelligence Agency
3003:
2695:
2489:Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate
2487:, Iraq with Kuwait, Syria,
2231:, to make a pilgrimage, or
1968:South Arabian civilizations
1907:to all of Western Eurasia.
1434:The peninsula consists of:
1087:Sources:1950–2000 2000–2014
986:Sources:1950–2000 2000–2014
388:
377:shibhu l-jazīra l-ʿarabiyya
376:
123:95,000,000 (2023 estimate )
10:
9223:
8423:Northeastern United States
7246:List of volcanoes in Yemen
5582:National Library of Israel
5104:Tabatabaei (1979), p.30–50
4897:Saudi Embassy (US) Website
4858:10.1038/s41467-024-46161-7
4710:10.1038/s41598-018-35242-5
4317:"VI: A Regional Geography"
4130:. Vol. II (81/688).
3592:Joseph Mary Nagle Jeffries
3181:"Arabia | peninsula, Asia"
2980:is made of stone from the
2764:
2726:
2699:
2631:
2446:Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab
2263:(the Prophet's Mosque) in
2160:The Middle East, c. 1190.
2026:
1932:
1914:
1863:
1654:Escarpment or Tuwair range
1628:(once part of Yemen) and
1564:deserts lies to the east.
732:
583:
40:
29:
9111:
9053:
9030:
8997:
8961:
8894:
8788:
8696:
8687:
8616:
8537:
8343:
8147:
7928:
7886:
7795:
7786:
7734:
7691:
7631:
7375:
7285:
7274:
7254:
7228:
7213:
7182:
7162:
7122:
7089:
7065:
7017:
7006:
6836:
6811:
6778:
6753:
6622:
6604:
6570:
6538:
6527:
6467:
6444:
6407:
6390:
6386:
6295:
6053:
6049:
5848:
5844:
5765:
5761:
5637:
5633:
5181:retrieved 18 January 2011
4906:retrieved 20 January 2011
4614:10.1038/s41559-018-0698-9
4600:(12). Nature: 1871–1878.
3871:worldpopulationreview.com
3463:Mukhtasar Kitab al-Buldan
2894:King Dhamar'ali Yahbur II
2642:between royalists of the
2153:, or "Wars of Apostasy".
1884:tools found in Saffaqah,
1632:the latter including the
1560:. A crescent of sand and
1098:
1079:
1020:—
982:
879:—
735:Geography of Saudi Arabia
658:Travels in Arabia Deserta
615:
380:, "Arabian Peninsula" or
216:
160:
147:
135:
127:
119:
111:
85:
56:ٱلْجَزِيرَة ٱلْعَرَبِيَّة
8904:Antarctic/Southern Ocean
7908:Transantarctic Mountains
7564:Shared with Saudi Arabia
7397:are indicated with 'V',
6336:Chronology of continents
5434:"How the Houthis Did It"
5231:. Longman. p. 369.
4916:Gordon, Matthew (2005).
4243:Sultan Qaboos University
3940:Rowman & Littlefield
3797:"International Programs"
3734:"International Programs"
3046:Gulf Cooperation Council
3016:Ancient history of Yemen
1854:Water Resources Research
1852:-led study published in
1790:tropical monsoon climate
1449:A range of deserts: the
818:Gulf Cooperation Council
423:, situated northeast of
41:Not to be confused with
36:Arabian (disambiguation)
8653:Caribbean South America
5565:Encyclopædia Britannica
5432:Kasinof, Laura (2015).
4764:10.1126/science.1199113
4045:"Geography and climate"
3896:Prothero, G.W. (1920).
3460:Ibn al-Faqih (c. 903).
3435:netherlandsworldwide.nl
3249:. Infobase Publishing.
3185:Encyclopedia Britannica
2976:The head and body of a
2964:(ca. 2000 BC), Bahrain.
2308:medieval Islamic states
2255:is the location of the
2182:al-khulafā' ar-rāshidūn
2172:as caliph, followed by
2129:of Muhammad, nominated
1616:of the Red Sea are the
1528:form (e.g. Al-Hasa and
1438:A central plateau, the
1381:in central Saudi Arabia
594:and large parts of the
32:Arabia (disambiguation)
9197:Landforms of West Asia
9187:Geography of West Asia
8433:Southern United States
8236:Scandinavian Peninsula
6992:Mountains of Adh-Dhahr
6097:Great Australian Bight
3327:. Simon and Schuster.
2682:Faisal of Saudi Arabia
2585:
2563:Sherif Hussein ibn Ali
2550:
2536:
2414:
2402:
2394:
2299:
2251:(the Grand Mosque) in
2165:
2046:
2029:Early Muslim conquests
1930:
1858:Arabian Aquifer System
1641:Jabal Shamar Mountains
1588:
1115:
801:
765:on the south, and the
750:
746:is part of the larger
493:to the northeast, the
466:, as well as southern
320:
27:Peninsula in West Asia
8909:Antarctic Convergence
8453:Western United States
7354:Jabal An-Nabi Shu'ayb
5554:Goeje, Michael Jan de
5285:22 March 2015 at the
5258:16 March 2017 at the
5101:Madelung (1996), p.43
5007:Taylor, Jane (2005).
4838:Nature Communications
4231:Ghazanfar, Shahina A.
4132:Qatar Digital Library
4051:World and Its Peoples
3827:"The World Fact book"
3623:. 1914. p. 795.
3527:1 August 2017 at the
3109:Southern region only.
2940:city in the historic
2747:launched an offensive
2634:North Yemen Civil War
2628:North Yemen Civil War
2583:
2542:
2534:
2408:
2400:
2388:
2294:
2229:five pillars of Islam
2159:
2079:Under the subsequent
2040:
1933:Further information:
1928:
1868:Stone tools from the
1664:Jabal An-Nabi Shu'ayb
1584:or Jabal Hadhur near
1582:Jabal An-Nabi Shu'ayb
1575:
1421:Arabian-Nubian Shield
1106:
853:Historical population
842:2003 invasion of Iraq
799:
742:
596:Syrian-Arabian desert
501:to the north and the
318:
104:Hide national borders
94:Show national borders
7975:Greater Central Asia
7099:United Arab Emirates
6321:Continental fragment
6316:Regions of the world
5539:14 July 2014 at the
5098:Lapidus (2002), p.32
5095:Hourani (2003), p.22
4455:. pp. 271–274.
4365:Nasr, Seyyed Hossein
3807:on 24 September 2015
3744:on 24 September 2015
3218:. Capstone. p.
2804:Zubaidah bint Ja'far
2723:2014 Yemen civil war
2646:and factions of the
2622:vast reserves of oil
2147:Eastern Roman Empire
2068:under the banner of
1905:Neolithic Revolution
1844:According to NASA's
1792:, in particular the
1612:West: Bordering the
792:Political boundaries
460:United Arab Emirates
203:United Arab Emirates
9154: /
9121:Continents of Earth
8648:Brazilian Highlands
8057:Indian subcontinent
7918:Antarctic Peninsula
7716:Southern Hemisphere
7711:Northern Hemisphere
7470:, shared with Yemen
7458:Shared with the UAE
7449:Shared with the UAE
7422:Shared with the UAE
6278:Indian Subcontinent
6068:Submerged continent
5213:14 May 2016 at the
4850:2024NatCo..15.1882V
4756:2011Sci...331..453A
4702:2018NatSR...817165S
4606:2018NatEE...2.1871R
4127:Gazetteer of Arabia
4041:Cavendish, Marshall
3992:Bradt Travel Guides
3660:2007JVGR..159..267W
3051:Iram of the Pillars
2862:the capital of the
2648:Yemen Arab Republic
2296:Portuguese colonies
2267:is the location of
2174:Uthman ibn al-Affan
2123:Umar ibn al-Khattab
2092:Indian subcontinent
2074:First Islamic State
2004:Dilmun civilization
1994:, which renamed it
1784:. Goat, sheep, and
1768:Red Sea coral reefs
1508:and Eastern Yemen (
1446:and other livestock
1377:A caravan crossing
995:
854:
828:television station
807:Socotra Archipelago
560:(Eastern Arabia or
82:
9202:Peninsulas of Asia
9192:Historical regions
8936:Great Barrier Reef
8557:Mainland Australia
8265:Apennine Peninsula
7726:Western Hemisphere
7701:Eastern Hemisphere
7165:Shumayliyyah range
6962:Jabal an Nukhaylah
6059:
5854:
5771:
5643:
5578:Old maps of Arabia
5500:The New York Times
5336:on 3 February 2007
5177:3 May 2015 at the
5092:Holt (1977a), p.57
4902:2016-03-04 at the
4690:Scientific Reports
4253:. pp. 27–55.
3942:. pp. 5–340.
3179:Nijim, Basheer K.
3135:(Third ed.).
3071:Musandam Peninsula
2739:Ali Abdullah Saleh
2708:invasion of Kuwait
2671:Gamal Abdel Nasser
2667:Egyptian President
2656:Abdullah as-Sallal
2590:Abdulaziz Ibn Saud
2586:
2551:
2544:Abdulaziz Ibn Saud
2537:
2454:Emirate of Diriyah
2415:
2403:
2395:
2300:
2196:and destroyed the
2190:Umayyad successors
2166:
2047:
2033:Islamic Golden Age
2019:by most scholars.
1931:
1917:Pre-Islamic Arabia
1911:Pre-Islamic Arabia
1878:Al-Qassim Province
1870:Middle Paleolithic
1589:
1116:
993:
852:
834:Al Jazeera English
802:
751:
653:Charles M. Doughty
383:جَزِيرَةُ الْعَرَب
321:
128:Population density
50:
9182:Arabian Peninsula
9137:
9136:
9017:Mediterranean Rim
8890:
8889:
8829:Mediterranean Sea
8683:
8682:
8636:Amazon Rainforest
8463:Canadian Prairies
8428:Pacific Northwest
8289:Iberian Peninsula
8074:Arabian Peninsula
7901:Antarctic Plateau
7661:Three/Four Worlds
7583:
7582:
7479:Shared with Yemen
7371:
7370:
7367:
7366:
7363:
7362:
7266:Jabal Husn Ghuraf
7224:
7223:
7211:
7210:
7085:
7084:
7061:
7060:
7053:Shammar Mountains
7004:
7003:
7000:
6999:
6832:
6831:
6566:
6565:
6525:
6524:
6521:
6520:
6463:
6462:
6440:
6439:
6345:
6344:
6291:
6290:
6286:
6285:
6107:Kerguelen Plateau
6045:
6044:
6040:
6039:
5840:
5839:
5835:
5834:
5757:
5756:
5752:
5751:
5528:Travels in Arabia
5330:Infantry Magazine
5238:978-0-582-08695-1
5161:978-0-8133-4275-7
5145:978-0-8120-1853-0
4935:978-0-313-32522-9
4920:The Rise of Islam
4750:(6016): 453–456.
4672:. 2 January 2021.
4507:978-90-481-2639-2
4462:978-9-4011-1860-6
4386:978-1-4629-1365-7
4377:Tuttle Publishing
4338:978-8-1702-2292-7
4260:978-9-4017-3637-4
4204:978-0-7614-7571-2
4096:978-2-7451-2623-8
4066:978-0-7614-7571-2
4001:978-1-8416-2212-5
3949:978-0-8108-5528-1
3837:on 12 August 2008
3771:citypopulation.de
3565:978-0-520-07196-4
3078:Explanatory notes
3011:Achaemenid Arabia
2864:first Saudi state
2780:old city of Sanaa
2469:Damascus Protocol
2448:, founder of the
2442:Muhammad bin Saud
2411:Third Saudi State
2393:from 1744 to 1814
2391:first Saudi State
2389:Expansion of the
2206:Iberian peninsula
2178:Ali ibn Abi Talib
2139:Ali ibn Abi Talib
2112:Iberian Peninsula
2043:Umayyad Caliphate
2017:Semitic languages
1972:Himyarite Kingdom
1962:), especially in
1948:, located in the
1599:, of UAE and Oman
1359:
1358:
1092:
1091:
1088:
991:
990:
987:
811:Guardafui Channel
763:Guardafui Channel
645:) as its capital.
631:Nabataean Kingdom
586:Etymology of Arab
325:Arabian Peninsula
313:
312:
51:Arabian Peninsula
16:(Redirected from
9214:
9169:
9168:
9166:
9165:
9164:
9159:
9155:
9152:
9151:
9150:
9147:
9119:
9118:
9098:Global Southwest
9093:Global Southeast
9083:Global Northwest
9078:Global Northeast
9068:Global Heartland
9012:Indian Ocean Rim
8694:
8693:
8586:Island Melanesia
8277:Balkan Peninsula
8052:Himalayan states
7999:Russian Far East
7793:
7792:
7721:Water Hemisphere
7610:
7603:
7596:
7587:
7586:
7574:
7571:
7565:
7562:
7556:
7555:Shared with Oman
7553:
7547:
7546:Shared with Oman
7544:
7538:
7535:
7529:
7526:
7520:
7519:Shared with Oman
7517:
7511:
7510:Shared with Oman
7508:
7502:
7497:
7491:
7486:
7480:
7477:
7471:
7465:
7459:
7456:
7450:
7447:
7441:
7438:
7432:
7429:
7423:
7420:
7399:volcanic craters
7342:
7341:
7299:Harras of Dhamar
7280:
7256:Hadhramaut range
7252:
7251:
7236:
7234:
7233:
7219:
7120:
7119:
7113:
7112:
7097:
7095:
7094:
7038:
7037:
7012:
6987:Jabal Umm Hayfā'
6926:
6925:
6877:Jabal Abu Qubays
6858:Al Wahbah crater
6821:Jabal Abu Hamdan
6804:
6771:
6751:
6750:
6740:Sh'af A'l Nassir
6620:
6619:
6602:
6601:
6578:
6576:
6575:
6533:
6494:
6493:
6465:
6464:
6456:Jabal Bani Jabar
6442:
6441:
6414:
6413:
6405:
6404:
6398:
6396:
6395:
6388:
6387:
6372:
6365:
6358:
6349:
6348:
6329:
6328:
6310:World portal
6308:
6307:
6245:
6194:
6151:
6079:
6056:
6055:
6051:
6050:
5929:
5867:
5851:
5850:
5846:
5845:
5825:
5810:
5795:
5780:
5768:
5767:
5763:
5762:
5742:
5727:
5712:
5697:
5682:
5667:
5652:
5640:
5639:
5635:
5634:
5616:
5609:
5602:
5593:
5592:
5569:
5568:(11th ed.).
5561:
5516:
5515:
5513:
5511:
5491:
5485:
5484:
5482:
5480:
5460:
5454:
5453:
5451:
5449:
5429:
5423:
5420:
5414:
5411:
5405:
5402:
5396:
5393:
5387:
5376:
5370:
5352:
5346:
5345:
5343:
5341:
5321:
5315:
5304:
5298:
5269:
5263:
5249:
5243:
5242:
5224:
5218:
5205:
5199:
5188:
5182:
5169:
5163:
5153:
5147:
5137:
5131:
5130:
5122:
5116:
5113:
5107:
5087:
5081:
5075:
5069:
5062:
5056:
5050:
5044:
5038:
5032:
5029:
5023:
5022:
5004:
4998:
4997:
4981:
4971:
4965:
4964:
4946:
4940:
4939:
4923:
4913:
4907:
4894:
4888:
4887:
4877:
4828:
4822:
4821:
4819:
4817:
4808:. 9 April 2018.
4798:
4792:
4791:
4738:
4732:
4731:
4721:
4680:
4674:
4673:
4662:
4656:
4655:
4653:
4651:
4625:
4586:Lee-Thorp, Julia
4581:
4575:
4574:
4573:
4571:
4562:, 16 June 2015,
4552:
4543:
4542:
4540:
4538:
4518:
4512:
4511:
4485:
4479:
4478:
4476:
4474:
4440:
4434:
4433:
4431:
4429:
4409:
4403:
4402:
4400:
4398:
4361:
4355:
4354:
4352:
4350:
4312:
4306:
4305:
4303:
4301:
4283:
4277:
4276:
4274:
4272:
4227:
4221:
4220:
4218:
4216:
4188:
4177:
4176:
4174:
4172:
4157:
4148:
4147:
4145:
4143:
4122:
4113:
4112:
4110:
4108:
4080:
4071:
4070:
4054:
4037:
4018:
4017:
4015:
4013:
3979:
3966:
3965:
3963:
3961:
3929:
3916:
3915:
3913:
3911:
3893:
3887:
3886:
3884:
3882:
3863:
3857:
3853:
3847:
3846:
3844:
3842:
3823:
3817:
3816:
3814:
3812:
3803:. Archived from
3793:
3787:
3786:
3784:
3782:
3763:
3754:
3753:
3751:
3749:
3740:. Archived from
3730:
3724:
3723:
3721:
3719:
3704:
3698:
3691:
3685:
3678:
3672:
3671:
3654:(1–3): 267–284.
3643:
3637:
3636:
3634:
3632:
3613:
3607:
3604:
3598:
3588:
3582:
3581:
3579:
3577:
3549:
3540:
3516:
3510:
3509:
3507:
3505:
3490:"Arabia Petraea"
3486:
3480:
3479:
3477:
3475:
3457:
3451:
3450:
3448:
3446:
3426:
3420:
3419:
3417:
3415:
3387:
3381:
3380:
3378:
3376:
3357:
3351:
3350:
3348:
3346:
3318:
3312:
3311:
3309:
3307:
3279:
3273:
3272:
3270:
3268:
3240:
3234:
3233:
3217:
3207:
3201:
3200:
3198:
3196:
3176:
3163:
3162:
3160:
3158:
3126:
3110:
3107:
3098:
3091:
3056:Kingdom of Aksum
3021:Arabian Gulf Cup
2993:
2973:
2957:
2933:
2918:
2903:
2888:
2874:
2856:
2844:
2828:
2814:
2791:
2775:
2660:Muhammad al-Badr
2450:Wahhabi movement
2327:Sharifs of Mecca
2261:Masjid al-Nabawi
2072:and created the
2066:tribes of Arabia
2000:Kingdom of Kinda
1980:Kingdom of Ma'īn
1976:Kingdom of Awsan
1765:
1751:
1726:
1704:
1690:
1604:Dhofar Mountains
1429:Semail Ophiolite
1409:
1392:
1374:
1344:
1343:
1324:
1323:
1304:
1303:
1284:
1283:
1264:
1263:
1244:
1243:
1224:
1223:
1204:
1203:
1184:
1183:
1164:
1163:
1144:
1143:
1121:
1120:
1086:
1009:
1004:
996:
992:
985:
868:
863:
855:
851:
782:Harrat ash Shaam
755:Strait of Hormuz
617:
410:
407:
401:
398:
395:
391:
389:jazīratu l-ʿarab
385:
384:
379:
373:
365:
364:
361:
357:
356:
353:
350:
347:
344:
341:
338:
335:
143:
105:
102:
95:
92:
83:
81:
80:
72:
71:
66:
58:
57:
49:
21:
9222:
9221:
9217:
9216:
9215:
9213:
9212:
9211:
9172:
9171:
9162:
9160:
9156:
9153:
9148:
9145:
9143:
9141:
9140:
9138:
9133:
9107:
9049:
9026:
8993:
8957:
8886:
8875:South China Sea
8784:
8727:Central America
8679:
8612:
8533:
8485:Northern Mexico
8473:Northern Canada
8458:Atlantic Canada
8413:Mountain states
8339:
8194:European Russia
8187:Southern Russia
8143:
8096:Iranian Plateau
7924:
7913:West Antarctica
7896:East Antarctica
7882:
7782:
7730:
7706:Land Hemisphere
7687:
7627:
7614:
7584:
7579:
7578:
7577:
7572:
7568:
7563:
7559:
7554:
7550:
7545:
7541:
7536:
7532:
7527:
7523:
7518:
7514:
7509:
7505:
7498:
7494:
7487:
7483:
7478:
7474:
7466:
7462:
7457:
7453:
7448:
7444:
7439:
7435:
7430:
7426:
7421:
7417:
7407:volcanic fields
7405:with 'LF', and
7389:with 'OL', and
7381:are different.
7359:
7340:
7315:Ibb Governorate
7281:
7272:
7250:
7231:
7229:
7220:
7207:
7178:
7158:
7138:Jabal Ar-Rahrah
7111:
7092:
7090:
7081:
7057:
7036:
7013:
6996:
6924:
6866:Harrat Lunayyir
6828:
6807:
6798:
6774:
6765:
6749:
6659:Jabal As-Sahla'
6654:Jabal Al-Qo'mah
6618:
6600:
6573:
6571:
6562:
6534:
6517:
6492:
6459:
6436:
6393:
6391:
6382:
6376:
6346:
6341:
6340:
6302:
6287:
6282:
6268:Eastern Siberia
6258:Central America
6246:
6239:
6233:
6228:Terra Australis
6195:
6179:
6173:
6169:Pangaea Proxima
6152:
6147:
6141:
6080:
6076:microcontinents
6065:
6041:
6036:
5982:East Antarctica
5930:
5925:
5919:
5868:
5864:supercontinents
5860:
5836:
5831:
5826:
5816:
5811:
5801:
5796:
5786:
5781:
5753:
5748:
5743:
5733:
5728:
5718:
5713:
5703:
5698:
5688:
5683:
5673:
5668:
5658:
5653:
5629:
5620:
5590:
5541:Wayback Machine
5524:
5522:Further reading
5519:
5509:
5507:
5492:
5488:
5478:
5476:
5461:
5457:
5447:
5445:
5430:
5426:
5421:
5417:
5412:
5408:
5403:
5399:
5394:
5390:
5377:
5373:
5353:
5349:
5339:
5337:
5322:
5318:
5305:
5301:
5287:Wayback Machine
5270:
5266:
5260:Wayback Machine
5250:
5246:
5239:
5225:
5221:
5215:Wayback Machine
5206:
5202:
5189:
5185:
5179:Wayback Machine
5170:
5166:
5154:
5150:
5138:
5134:
5123:
5119:
5114:
5110:
5088:
5084:
5076:
5072:
5063:
5059:
5051:
5047:
5039:
5035:
5030:
5026:
5019:
5005:
5001:
4994:
4972:
4968:
4961:
4947:
4943:
4936:
4914:
4910:
4904:Wayback Machine
4895:
4891:
4829:
4825:
4815:
4813:
4800:
4799:
4795:
4739:
4735:
4681:
4677:
4664:
4663:
4659:
4649:
4647:
4582:
4578:
4569:
4567:
4554:
4553:
4546:
4536:
4534:
4519:
4515:
4508:
4486:
4482:
4472:
4470:
4463:
4441:
4437:
4427:
4425:
4410:
4406:
4396:
4394:
4387:
4362:
4358:
4348:
4346:
4339:
4313:
4309:
4299:
4297:
4284:
4280:
4270:
4268:
4261:
4228:
4224:
4214:
4212:
4205:
4189:
4180:
4170:
4168:
4159:
4158:
4151:
4141:
4139:
4124:
4123:
4116:
4106:
4104:
4097:
4081:
4074:
4067:
4038:
4021:
4011:
4009:
4002:
3984:"1: Background"
3980:
3969:
3959:
3957:
3950:
3930:
3919:
3909:
3907:
3894:
3890:
3880:
3878:
3865:
3864:
3860:
3854:
3850:
3840:
3838:
3825:
3824:
3820:
3810:
3808:
3795:
3794:
3790:
3780:
3778:
3765:
3764:
3757:
3747:
3745:
3732:
3731:
3727:
3717:
3715:
3706:
3705:
3701:
3692:
3688:
3679:
3675:
3644:
3640:
3630:
3628:
3615:
3614:
3610:
3605:
3601:
3589:
3585:
3575:
3573:
3566:
3550:
3543:
3529:Wayback Machine
3517:
3513:
3503:
3501:
3487:
3483:
3473:
3471:
3458:
3454:
3444:
3442:
3427:
3423:
3413:
3411:
3404:
3388:
3384:
3374:
3372:
3359:
3358:
3354:
3344:
3342:
3335:
3319:
3315:
3305:
3303:
3296:
3280:
3276:
3266:
3264:
3257:
3241:
3237:
3230:
3208:
3204:
3194:
3192:
3177:
3166:
3156:
3154:
3147:
3137:Merriam-Webster
3127:
3123:
3119:
3114:
3113:
3108:
3101:
3092:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3006:
2999:
2994:
2985:
2974:
2965:
2958:
2949:
2934:
2925:
2919:
2910:
2904:
2895:
2889:
2880:
2875:
2866:
2857:
2848:
2845:
2836:
2835:, Saudi Arabia.
2829:
2820:
2815:
2806:
2792:
2783:
2776:
2767:
2759:famine in Yemen
2743:Houthi movement
2731:
2725:
2704:
2698:
2636:
2630:
2618:
2606:Emirate of Asir
2529:
2505:
2462:capturing Mecca
2458:sacking Karbala
2383:
2289:
2249:Masjid al-Haram
2051:Islamic prophet
2035:
2027:Main articles:
2025:
1984:Sabaean Kingdom
1937:
1923:
1915:Main articles:
1913:
1866:
1782:tropical fruits
1773:
1772:
1771:
1770:
1769:
1766:
1757:
1756:
1755:
1752:
1741:
1734:
1727:
1718:
1705:
1696:
1691:
1681:of that range.
1622:Haraz Mountains
1602:Southeast: The
1595:Northeast: The
1578:Haraz Mountains
1570:
1417:
1416:
1415:
1414:
1413:
1410:
1401:
1400:
1399:
1393:
1384:
1383:
1382:
1379:Ad-Dahna Desert
1375:
1364:
1338:
1318:
1298:
1278:
1258:
1238:
1218:
1198:
1178:
1158:
1138:
1101:
1085:
984:
850:
826:Arabic-language
794:
737:
731:
588:
582:
530:Central Plateau
476:Sinai Peninsula
408:
402:
399:
396:
359:
332:
328:
309:
227:
226:
212:
141:
140:
107:
106:
103:
96:
74:
67:
60:
53:
52:
46:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9220:
9210:
9209:
9204:
9199:
9194:
9189:
9184:
9135:
9134:
9132:
9131:
9129:Physical Earth
9112:
9109:
9108:
9106:
9105:
9100:
9095:
9090:
9085:
9080:
9075:
9070:
9065:
9059:
9057:
9051:
9050:
9048:
9047:
9042:
9036:
9034:
9028:
9027:
9025:
9024:
9019:
9014:
9009:
9003:
9001:
8995:
8994:
8992:
8991:
8986:
8981:
8980:
8979:
8968:
8966:
8959:
8958:
8956:
8955:
8950:
8949:
8948:
8943:
8941:Mariana Trench
8938:
8928:
8923:
8921:Atlantic Ocean
8918:
8913:
8912:
8911:
8900:
8898:
8892:
8891:
8888:
8887:
8885:
8884:
8882:Southern Ocean
8879:
8878:
8877:
8872:
8870:East China Sea
8862:
8861:
8860:
8850:
8849:
8848:
8847:
8846:
8841:
8836:
8826:
8821:
8816:
8811:
8804:Atlantic Ocean
8801:
8795:
8793:
8786:
8785:
8783:
8782:
8781:
8780:
8775:
8765:
8764:
8763:
8758:
8748:
8743:
8738:
8737:
8736:
8731:
8730:
8729:
8724:
8709:
8703:
8701:
8691:
8685:
8684:
8681:
8680:
8678:
8677:
8676:
8675:
8665:
8660:
8655:
8650:
8645:
8640:
8639:
8638:
8633:
8622:
8620:
8614:
8613:
8611:
8610:
8608:Remote Oceania
8605:
8600:
8595:
8590:
8589:
8588:
8578:
8577:
8576:
8571:
8570:
8569:
8564:
8559:
8543:
8541:
8535:
8534:
8532:
8531:
8526:
8525:
8524:
8523:
8522:
8517:
8502:
8497:
8492:
8487:
8482:
8481:
8480:
8478:Western Canada
8475:
8470:
8468:Eastern Canada
8465:
8460:
8455:
8450:
8445:
8440:
8435:
8430:
8425:
8420:
8415:
8410:
8405:
8400:
8395:
8390:
8385:
8375:
8370:
8365:
8360:
8355:
8349:
8347:
8341:
8340:
8338:
8337:
8332:
8327:
8322:
8317:
8316:
8315:
8310:
8305:
8295:
8294:
8293:
8292:
8291:
8281:
8280:
8279:
8269:
8268:
8267:
8257:
8252:
8242:
8241:
8240:
8239:
8238:
8228:
8223:
8218:
8213:
8203:
8202:
8201:
8196:
8191:
8190:
8189:
8184:
8182:South Caucasus
8179:
8177:North Caucasus
8169:
8159:
8153:
8151:
8145:
8144:
8142:
8141:
8140:
8139:
8138:
8137:
8132:
8127:
8117:
8116:
8115:
8110:
8100:
8099:
8098:
8088:
8087:
8086:
8084:South Caucasus
8076:
8066:
8065:
8064:
8059:
8054:
8044:
8043:
8042:
8037:
8027:
8022:
8021:
8020:
8015:
8005:
8004:
8003:
8002:
8001:
7986:
7985:
7984:
7979:
7978:
7977:
7962:
7961:
7960:
7955:
7953:Aralkum Desert
7950:
7940:
7934:
7932:
7926:
7925:
7923:
7922:
7921:
7920:
7910:
7905:
7904:
7903:
7892:
7890:
7884:
7883:
7881:
7880:
7879:
7878:
7873:
7868:
7867:
7866:
7861:
7851:
7841:
7840:
7839:
7838:
7837:
7832:
7827:
7822:
7807:
7801:
7799:
7790:
7784:
7783:
7781:
7780:
7779:
7778:
7768:
7763:
7758:
7753:
7752:
7751:
7744:Africa-Eurasia
7740:
7738:
7732:
7731:
7729:
7728:
7723:
7718:
7713:
7708:
7703:
7697:
7695:
7689:
7688:
7686:
7685:
7684:
7683:
7678:
7673:
7668:
7658:
7653:
7648:
7643:
7637:
7635:
7629:
7628:
7613:
7612:
7605:
7598:
7590:
7581:
7580:
7576:
7575:
7566:
7557:
7548:
7539:
7530:
7521:
7512:
7503:
7492:
7481:
7472:
7460:
7451:
7442:
7433:
7424:
7414:
7413:
7376:
7373:
7372:
7369:
7368:
7365:
7364:
7361:
7360:
7358:
7357:
7350:
7348:
7339:
7338:
7333:
7328:
7323:
7318:
7308:
7305:Harra es-Sawad
7302:
7296:
7293:Harra of Arhab
7289:
7287:
7283:
7282:
7275:
7273:
7271:
7270:
7267:
7264:
7263:Jabal Ar-Rays?
7260:
7258:
7249:
7248:
7242:
7240:
7226:
7225:
7222:
7221:
7214:
7212:
7209:
7208:
7206:
7205:
7199:
7193:
7186:
7184:
7180:
7179:
7177:
7176:
7174:Jebel Al-Heben
7170:
7168:
7160:
7159:
7157:
7156:
7150:
7145:
7140:
7135:
7128:
7126:
7124:Ru'us al-Jibal
7117:
7110:
7109:
7103:
7101:
7087:
7086:
7083:
7082:
7080:
7079:
7071:
7069:
7063:
7062:
7059:
7058:
7056:
7055:
7050:
7044:
7042:
7035:
7034:
7029:
7023:
7021:
7015:
7014:
7007:
7005:
7002:
7001:
6998:
6997:
6995:
6994:
6989:
6984:
6982:Jabal `Umayyid
6979:
6974:
6964:
6959:
6957:Jabal Al-Qalom
6954:
6949:
6948:
6947:
6938:Harrat al-Sham
6934:
6932:
6923:
6922:
6920:Safa and Marwa
6917:
6914:
6909:
6904:
6899:
6894:
6889:
6884:
6879:
6874:
6868:
6863:
6862:
6861:
6849:
6846:Harrat Khaybar
6842:
6840:
6834:
6833:
6830:
6829:
6827:
6826:
6823:
6817:
6815:
6809:
6808:
6806:
6805:
6790:
6788:Fifa Mountains
6784:
6782:
6776:
6775:
6773:
6772:
6759:
6757:
6748:
6747:
6742:
6737:
6732:
6726:
6721:
6716:
6711:
6706:
6704:Jabal Moushref
6701:
6696:
6691:
6686:
6681:
6676:
6674:Jabal Khalaqah
6671:
6666:
6664:Jebal As-Seqaa
6661:
6656:
6651:
6649:Jabal Al-Majaz
6646:
6640:
6638:Jabal Ad-Dhoor
6635:
6632:Harrat al Birk
6628:
6626:
6617:
6616:
6614:Jabal Al-Oraif
6610:
6608:
6599:
6598:
6596:Jabal Al-Qarah
6593:
6584:
6582:
6568:
6567:
6564:
6563:
6561:
6560:
6555:
6550:
6544:
6542:
6536:
6535:
6528:
6526:
6523:
6522:
6519:
6518:
6516:
6515:
6510:
6508:Jabal Al Harim
6504:
6502:
6499:Ru'us al-Jibal
6491:
6490:
6484:
6479:
6473:
6471:
6461:
6460:
6458:
6457:
6454:
6450:
6448:
6438:
6437:
6435:
6434:
6428:
6422:
6420:
6411:
6402:
6384:
6383:
6375:
6374:
6367:
6360:
6352:
6343:
6342:
6339:
6338:
6333:
6323:
6318:
6313:
6297:
6296:
6293:
6292:
6289:
6288:
6284:
6283:
6281:
6280:
6275:
6270:
6265:
6263:Eastern Africa
6260:
6255:
6250:
6236:
6234:
6232:
6231:
6224:
6219:
6214:
6209:
6204:
6199:
6176:
6174:
6172:
6171:
6166:
6161:
6156:
6144:
6142:
6140:
6139:
6134:
6129:
6124:
6119:
6114:
6109:
6104:
6099:
6094:
6089:
6084:
6062:
6060:
6054:
6047:
6046:
6043:
6042:
6038:
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6035:
6034:
6029:
6024:
6019:
6014:
6009:
6004:
5999:
5994:
5989:
5984:
5979:
5974:
5969:
5964:
5959:
5954:
5949:
5944:
5939:
5934:
5922:
5920:
5918:
5917:
5912:
5907:
5902:
5897:
5892:
5887:
5882:
5877:
5872:
5857:
5855:
5849:
5842:
5841:
5838:
5837:
5833:
5832:
5819:
5817:
5804:
5802:
5789:
5787:
5774:
5772:
5766:
5759:
5758:
5755:
5754:
5750:
5749:
5736:
5734:
5721:
5719:
5706:
5704:
5691:
5689:
5676:
5674:
5661:
5659:
5646:
5644:
5638:
5631:
5630:
5619:
5618:
5611:
5604:
5596:
5589:
5588:External links
5586:
5585:
5584:
5575:
5570:
5559:"Arabia"
5549:
5543:
5531:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5517:
5486:
5455:
5438:Foreign Policy
5424:
5415:
5406:
5397:
5388:
5371:
5347:
5316:
5299:
5264:
5244:
5237:
5219:
5200:
5183:
5164:
5148:
5132:
5117:
5108:
5106:
5105:
5102:
5099:
5096:
5093:
5082:
5070:
5057:
5045:
5033:
5024:
5017:
4999:
4993:978-0802849601
4992:
4966:
4960:978-0810855281
4959:
4941:
4934:
4908:
4889:
4823:
4793:
4733:
4675:
4657:
4576:
4544:
4513:
4506:
4480:
4461:
4435:
4404:
4385:
4356:
4337:
4307:
4278:
4259:
4222:
4203:
4178:
4163:. Mindat.org.
4149:
4114:
4095:
4072:
4065:
4019:
4000:
3967:
3948:
3917:
3888:
3858:
3848:
3818:
3788:
3755:
3725:
3699:
3686:
3684:30.2. 305–334.
3673:
3638:
3608:
3599:
3583:
3564:
3541:
3511:
3481:
3452:
3421:
3402:
3382:
3352:
3333:
3313:
3294:
3274:
3255:
3235:
3228:
3202:
3164:
3146:978-0877795469
3145:
3139:. p. 61.
3120:
3118:
3115:
3112:
3111:
3099:
3095:island country
3082:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3036:Eastern Arabia
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3001:
3000:
2995:
2988:
2986:
2975:
2968:
2966:
2959:
2952:
2950:
2935:
2928:
2926:
2920:
2913:
2911:
2905:
2898:
2896:
2890:
2883:
2881:
2876:
2869:
2867:
2858:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2839:
2837:
2830:
2823:
2821:
2816:
2809:
2807:
2793:
2786:
2784:
2777:
2770:
2766:
2763:
2727:Main article:
2724:
2721:
2700:Main article:
2697:
2694:
2688:' role in the
2680:By 1970, King
2632:Main article:
2629:
2626:
2617:
2614:
2610:war with Yemen
2567:Ottoman Empire
2528:
2525:
2509:Abdul Hamid II
2504:
2501:
2491:, Jordan, and
2382:
2381:Modern history
2379:
2288:
2285:
2211:Nevertheless,
2198:Persian Empire
2194:Byzantine army
2125:, a prominent
2024:
2021:
1996:Arabia Petraea
1912:
1909:
1901:Basal Eurasian
1865:
1862:
1810:steppe climate
1806:desert climate
1767:
1760:
1759:
1758:
1753:
1746:
1745:
1744:
1743:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1736:
1735:
1733:, Saudi Arabia
1728:
1721:
1719:
1706:
1699:
1697:
1692:
1685:
1656:
1655:
1648:
1637:
1610:
1600:
1569:
1566:
1514:
1513:
1504:coastline of
1500:The southwest
1498:
1483:Al Ain emirate
1479:Eastern Arabia
1475:
1468:
1459:Arabian Desert
1447:
1427:on Earth, the
1411:
1404:
1403:
1402:
1394:
1387:
1386:
1385:
1376:
1369:
1368:
1367:
1366:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1356:
1352:
1351:
1348:
1336:
1332:
1331:
1328:
1316:
1312:
1311:
1308:
1296:
1292:
1291:
1288:
1276:
1272:
1271:
1268:
1256:
1252:
1251:
1248:
1236:
1232:
1231:
1228:
1216:
1212:
1211:
1208:
1196:
1192:
1191:
1188:
1176:
1172:
1171:
1168:
1156:
1152:
1151:
1148:
1136:
1132:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1100:
1097:
1090:
1089:
1077:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1066:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1055:
1054:
1051:
1048:
1044:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1033:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1022:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1011:
1010:
1005:
1000:
989:
988:
980:
979:
976:
973:
969:
968:
965:
962:
958:
957:
954:
951:
947:
946:
943:
940:
936:
935:
932:
929:
925:
924:
921:
918:
914:
913:
910:
907:
903:
902:
899:
896:
892:
891:
888:
885:
881:
880:
877:
874:
870:
869:
864:
859:
849:
846:
793:
790:
748:Arabian Desert
730:
727:
673:
672:
662:
649:Arabia Deserta
646:
627:Arabia Petraea
592:Arabian desert
584:Main article:
581:
578:
403:Island of the
311:
310:
308:
307:
306:
305:
300:
295:
290:
285:
280:
275:
270:
265:
260:
255:
250:
245:
240:
235:
222:
221:
220:
218:
217:Largest cities
214:
213:
211:
210:
205:
200:
195:
190:
185:
180:
175:
170:
164:
162:
158:
157:
151:
145:
144:
137:
133:
132:
129:
125:
124:
121:
117:
116:
113:
109:
108:
97:
87:
86:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9219:
9208:
9205:
9203:
9200:
9198:
9195:
9193:
9190:
9188:
9185:
9183:
9180:
9179:
9177:
9170:
9167:
9130:
9126:
9122:
9114:
9113:
9110:
9104:
9101:
9099:
9096:
9094:
9091:
9089:
9086:
9084:
9081:
9079:
9076:
9074:
9071:
9069:
9066:
9064:
9061:
9060:
9058:
9056:
9052:
9046:
9043:
9041:
9038:
9037:
9035:
9033:
9029:
9023:
9020:
9018:
9015:
9013:
9010:
9008:
9005:
9004:
9002:
9000:
8996:
8990:
8987:
8985:
8982:
8978:
8975:
8974:
8973:
8970:
8969:
8967:
8965:
8960:
8954:
8951:
8947:
8944:
8942:
8939:
8937:
8934:
8933:
8932:
8931:Pacific Ocean
8929:
8927:
8924:
8922:
8919:
8917:
8914:
8910:
8907:
8906:
8905:
8902:
8901:
8899:
8897:
8893:
8883:
8880:
8876:
8873:
8871:
8868:
8867:
8866:
8865:Pacific Ocean
8863:
8859:
8856:
8855:
8854:
8851:
8845:
8842:
8840:
8837:
8835:
8832:
8831:
8830:
8827:
8825:
8822:
8820:
8819:Caribbean Sea
8817:
8815:
8812:
8810:
8807:
8806:
8805:
8802:
8800:
8797:
8796:
8794:
8792:
8787:
8779:
8776:
8774:
8771:
8770:
8769:
8766:
8762:
8761:by population
8759:
8757:
8754:
8753:
8752:
8749:
8747:
8744:
8742:
8739:
8735:
8734:South America
8732:
8728:
8725:
8723:
8720:
8719:
8718:
8717:North America
8715:
8714:
8713:
8710:
8708:
8705:
8704:
8702:
8700:
8695:
8692:
8690:
8686:
8674:
8671:
8670:
8669:
8668:Southern Cone
8666:
8664:
8661:
8659:
8656:
8654:
8651:
8649:
8646:
8644:
8643:Andean States
8641:
8637:
8634:
8632:
8629:
8628:
8627:
8624:
8623:
8621:
8619:
8618:South America
8615:
8609:
8606:
8604:
8601:
8599:
8596:
8594:
8591:
8587:
8584:
8583:
8582:
8579:
8575:
8572:
8568:
8565:
8563:
8560:
8558:
8555:
8554:
8553:
8550:
8549:
8548:
8545:
8544:
8542:
8540:
8536:
8530:
8527:
8521:
8518:
8516:
8513:
8512:
8511:
8508:
8507:
8506:
8503:
8501:
8498:
8496:
8493:
8491:
8488:
8486:
8483:
8479:
8476:
8474:
8471:
8469:
8466:
8464:
8461:
8459:
8456:
8454:
8451:
8449:
8446:
8444:
8441:
8439:
8436:
8434:
8431:
8429:
8426:
8424:
8421:
8419:
8416:
8414:
8411:
8409:
8406:
8404:
8401:
8399:
8396:
8394:
8391:
8389:
8386:
8384:
8381:
8380:
8379:
8376:
8374:
8371:
8369:
8366:
8364:
8361:
8359:
8356:
8354:
8351:
8350:
8348:
8346:
8345:North America
8342:
8336:
8333:
8331:
8328:
8326:
8323:
8321:
8318:
8314:
8311:
8309:
8308:Low Countries
8306:
8304:
8301:
8300:
8299:
8296:
8290:
8287:
8286:
8285:
8284:South-western
8282:
8278:
8275:
8274:
8273:
8272:South-eastern
8270:
8266:
8263:
8262:
8261:
8260:South-central
8258:
8256:
8253:
8251:
8250:Mediterranean
8248:
8247:
8246:
8243:
8237:
8234:
8233:
8232:
8229:
8227:
8224:
8222:
8219:
8217:
8216:British Isles
8214:
8212:
8209:
8208:
8207:
8204:
8200:
8197:
8195:
8192:
8188:
8185:
8183:
8180:
8178:
8175:
8174:
8173:
8170:
8168:
8165:
8164:
8163:
8160:
8158:
8155:
8154:
8152:
8150:
8146:
8136:
8133:
8131:
8128:
8126:
8123:
8122:
8121:
8118:
8114:
8113:Levantine Sea
8111:
8109:
8106:
8105:
8104:
8101:
8097:
8094:
8093:
8092:
8089:
8085:
8082:
8081:
8080:
8077:
8075:
8072:
8071:
8070:
8067:
8063:
8060:
8058:
8055:
8053:
8050:
8049:
8048:
8045:
8041:
8038:
8036:
8033:
8032:
8031:
8028:
8026:
8023:
8019:
8016:
8014:
8011:
8010:
8009:
8006:
8000:
7997:
7996:
7995:
7992:
7991:
7990:
7987:
7983:
7980:
7976:
7973:
7972:
7971:
7968:
7967:
7966:
7963:
7959:
7956:
7954:
7951:
7949:
7946:
7945:
7944:
7941:
7939:
7936:
7935:
7933:
7931:
7927:
7919:
7916:
7915:
7914:
7911:
7909:
7906:
7902:
7899:
7898:
7897:
7894:
7893:
7891:
7889:
7885:
7877:
7874:
7872:
7869:
7865:
7862:
7860:
7857:
7856:
7855:
7852:
7850:
7847:
7846:
7845:
7842:
7836:
7833:
7831:
7828:
7826:
7823:
7821:
7818:
7817:
7816:
7813:
7812:
7811:
7808:
7806:
7805:Mediterranean
7803:
7802:
7800:
7798:
7794:
7791:
7789:
7785:
7777:
7774:
7773:
7772:
7769:
7767:
7764:
7762:
7759:
7757:
7754:
7750:
7747:
7746:
7745:
7742:
7741:
7739:
7737:
7733:
7727:
7724:
7722:
7719:
7717:
7714:
7712:
7709:
7707:
7704:
7702:
7699:
7698:
7696:
7694:
7690:
7682:
7679:
7677:
7674:
7672:
7669:
7667:
7664:
7663:
7662:
7659:
7657:
7654:
7652:
7649:
7647:
7644:
7642:
7639:
7638:
7636:
7634:
7630:
7626:
7622:
7618:
7611:
7606:
7604:
7599:
7597:
7592:
7591:
7588:
7570:
7561:
7552:
7543:
7534:
7525:
7516:
7507:
7501:
7496:
7490:
7485:
7476:
7469:
7464:
7455:
7446:
7437:
7428:
7419:
7415:
7412:
7411:Other notes:
7408:
7404:
7400:
7396:
7392:
7388:
7384:
7379:
7374:
7355:
7352:
7351:
7349:
7347:
7343:
7337:
7334:
7332:
7329:
7327:
7324:
7322:
7319:
7316:
7312:
7311:Jabal Hubaysh
7309:
7306:
7303:
7300:
7297:
7294:
7291:
7290:
7288:
7284:
7279:
7268:
7265:
7262:
7261:
7259:
7257:
7253:
7247:
7244:
7243:
7241:
7239:
7227:
7218:
7203:
7200:
7197:
7194:
7191:
7188:
7187:
7185:
7181:
7175:
7172:
7171:
7169:
7167:
7166:
7161:
7154:
7151:
7149:
7148:Jabal Qada'ah
7146:
7144:
7143:Jabal Rahabah
7141:
7139:
7136:
7133:
7130:
7129:
7127:
7125:
7121:
7118:
7116:Western Hajar
7114:
7108:
7105:
7104:
7102:
7100:
7088:
7077:
7073:
7072:
7070:
7068:
7064:
7054:
7051:
7049:
7046:
7045:
7043:
7039:
7033:
7032:Jabal Shammar
7030:
7028:
7025:
7024:
7022:
7020:
7019:Shammar range
7016:
7011:
6993:
6990:
6988:
6985:
6983:
6980:
6978:
6975:
6972:
6968:
6967:Jabal Hubaysh
6965:
6963:
6960:
6958:
6955:
6953:
6952:Jabal Al-Lawz
6950:
6945:
6944:Jabal Al-Amud
6942:
6941:
6939:
6936:
6935:
6933:
6931:
6927:
6921:
6918:
6915:
6913:
6910:
6908:
6905:
6903:
6900:
6898:
6895:
6893:
6890:
6888:
6887:Jabal 'Arafat
6885:
6883:
6882:Jabal al-Nour
6880:
6878:
6875:
6872:
6869:
6867:
6864:
6859:
6856:
6855:
6853:
6850:
6847:
6844:
6843:
6841:
6839:
6835:
6824:
6822:
6819:
6818:
6816:
6814:
6810:
6802:
6797:
6794:
6791:
6789:
6786:
6785:
6783:
6781:
6777:
6769:
6764:
6761:
6760:
6758:
6756:
6752:
6746:
6743:
6741:
6738:
6736:
6733:
6730:
6727:
6725:
6722:
6720:
6717:
6715:
6712:
6710:
6707:
6705:
6702:
6700:
6697:
6695:
6692:
6690:
6687:
6685:
6682:
6680:
6677:
6675:
6672:
6670:
6667:
6665:
6662:
6660:
6657:
6655:
6652:
6650:
6647:
6645:
6641:
6639:
6636:
6633:
6630:
6629:
6627:
6625:
6621:
6615:
6612:
6611:
6609:
6607:
6603:
6597:
6594:
6592:
6589:
6588:
6587:
6583:
6581:
6569:
6559:
6556:
6554:
6551:
6549:
6546:
6545:
6543:
6541:
6537:
6532:
6514:
6511:
6509:
6506:
6505:
6503:
6501:
6500:
6495:
6488:
6485:
6483:
6480:
6478:
6475:
6474:
6472:
6470:
6469:Western Hajar
6466:
6455:
6452:
6451:
6449:
6447:
6446:Eastern Hajar
6443:
6432:
6429:
6427:
6424:
6423:
6421:
6419:
6418:Central Hajar
6415:
6412:
6410:
6406:
6403:
6401:
6389:
6385:
6381:
6373:
6368:
6366:
6361:
6359:
6354:
6353:
6350:
6337:
6334:
6332:
6324:
6322:
6319:
6317:
6314:
6312:
6311:
6306:
6299:
6298:
6294:
6279:
6276:
6274:
6271:
6269:
6266:
6264:
6261:
6259:
6256:
6254:
6251:
6249:
6244:
6243:
6242:Subcontinents
6238:
6237:
6235:
6230:
6229:
6225:
6223:
6220:
6218:
6215:
6213:
6210:
6208:
6207:Kumari Kandam
6205:
6203:
6200:
6198:
6193:
6191:
6187:
6183:
6178:
6177:
6175:
6170:
6167:
6165:
6162:
6160:
6157:
6155:
6150:
6146:
6145:
6143:
6138:
6135:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6125:
6123:
6120:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6105:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6095:
6093:
6090:
6088:
6085:
6083:
6078:
6077:
6073:
6069:
6064:
6063:
6061:
6058:
6057:
6052:
6048:
6033:
6030:
6028:
6025:
6023:
6020:
6018:
6015:
6013:
6010:
6008:
6005:
6003:
6000:
5998:
5995:
5993:
5990:
5988:
5985:
5983:
5980:
5978:
5975:
5973:
5970:
5968:
5965:
5963:
5960:
5958:
5955:
5953:
5950:
5948:
5945:
5943:
5940:
5938:
5935:
5933:
5928:
5924:
5923:
5921:
5916:
5913:
5911:
5908:
5906:
5903:
5901:
5898:
5896:
5893:
5891:
5888:
5886:
5883:
5881:
5878:
5876:
5873:
5871:
5866:
5865:
5859:
5858:
5856:
5853:
5852:
5847:
5843:
5830:
5829:
5824:
5818:
5815:
5814:
5809:
5803:
5800:
5799:
5794:
5788:
5785:
5784:
5779:
5773:
5770:
5769:
5764:
5760:
5747:
5746:
5745:South America
5741:
5735:
5732:
5731:
5730:North America
5726:
5720:
5717:
5716:
5711:
5705:
5702:
5701:
5696:
5690:
5687:
5686:
5681:
5675:
5672:
5671:
5666:
5660:
5657:
5656:
5651:
5645:
5642:
5641:
5636:
5632:
5628:
5624:
5617:
5612:
5610:
5605:
5603:
5598:
5597:
5594:
5583:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5567:
5566:
5560:
5555:
5550:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5538:
5535:
5532:
5529:
5526:
5525:
5505:
5501:
5497:
5490:
5474:
5470:
5466:
5459:
5443:
5439:
5435:
5428:
5419:
5410:
5401:
5392:
5385:
5384:0-87609-146-X
5381:
5375:
5369:
5368:0-521-46308-4
5365:
5361:
5360:0-905031-35-0
5357:
5351:
5335:
5331:
5327:
5320:
5313:
5312:0-900891-48-3
5309:
5303:
5297:, pages 64–65
5296:
5295:0-900891-48-3
5292:
5288:
5284:
5281:
5280:
5275:
5268:
5261:
5257:
5254:
5248:
5240:
5234:
5230:
5223:
5216:
5212:
5209:
5204:
5197:
5196:0-521-29166-6
5193:
5187:
5180:
5176:
5173:
5168:
5162:
5158:
5152:
5146:
5142:
5136:
5128:
5121:
5112:
5103:
5100:
5097:
5094:
5091:
5090:
5086:
5080:
5074:
5067:
5061:
5055:
5049:
5043:
5037:
5028:
5020:
5018:9957-451-04-9
5014:
5010:
5003:
4995:
4989:
4985:
4980:
4979:
4970:
4962:
4956:
4952:
4945:
4937:
4931:
4927:
4922:
4921:
4912:
4905:
4901:
4898:
4893:
4885:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4867:
4863:
4859:
4855:
4851:
4847:
4843:
4839:
4835:
4827:
4811:
4807:
4803:
4797:
4789:
4785:
4781:
4777:
4773:
4769:
4765:
4761:
4757:
4753:
4749:
4745:
4737:
4729:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4711:
4707:
4703:
4699:
4695:
4691:
4687:
4679:
4671:
4667:
4661:
4645:
4641:
4637:
4633:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4615:
4611:
4607:
4603:
4599:
4595:
4591:
4587:
4580:
4565:
4561:
4557:
4551:
4549:
4532:
4528:
4524:
4517:
4509:
4503:
4499:
4495:
4491:
4484:
4468:
4464:
4458:
4454:
4450:
4446:
4439:
4423:
4419:
4415:
4408:
4392:
4388:
4382:
4378:
4374:
4370:
4366:
4360:
4344:
4340:
4334:
4330:
4326:
4322:
4318:
4311:
4295:
4291:
4290:
4282:
4266:
4262:
4256:
4252:
4248:
4244:
4240:
4236:
4232:
4226:
4210:
4206:
4200:
4196:
4195:
4187:
4185:
4183:
4166:
4162:
4156:
4154:
4137:
4133:
4129:
4128:
4121:
4119:
4102:
4098:
4092:
4088:
4087:
4079:
4077:
4068:
4062:
4058:
4053:
4052:
4046:
4042:
4036:
4034:
4032:
4030:
4028:
4026:
4024:
4007:
4003:
3997:
3994:. p. 3.
3993:
3989:
3985:
3978:
3976:
3974:
3972:
3955:
3951:
3945:
3941:
3937:
3936:
3928:
3926:
3924:
3922:
3905:
3901:
3900:
3892:
3876:
3872:
3868:
3862:
3852:
3836:
3832:
3828:
3822:
3806:
3802:
3798:
3792:
3776:
3772:
3768:
3762:
3760:
3743:
3739:
3735:
3729:
3713:
3709:
3703:
3696:
3690:
3683:
3677:
3669:
3665:
3661:
3657:
3653:
3649:
3642:
3626:
3622:
3618:
3612:
3603:
3597:
3593:
3587:
3571:
3567:
3561:
3557:
3556:
3548:
3546:
3538:
3537:90-04-11127-1
3534:
3530:
3526:
3523:
3522:
3515:
3499:
3495:
3491:
3485:
3469:
3466:(in Arabic).
3465:
3464:
3456:
3440:
3436:
3432:
3425:
3409:
3405:
3403:9780847699070
3399:
3395:
3394:
3386:
3370:
3366:
3362:
3356:
3340:
3336:
3334:9781605505459
3330:
3326:
3325:
3317:
3301:
3297:
3295:9780313376375
3291:
3287:
3286:
3278:
3262:
3258:
3256:9780816072293
3252:
3248:
3247:
3239:
3231:
3229:9780736861427
3225:
3221:
3216:
3215:
3206:
3190:
3186:
3182:
3175:
3173:
3171:
3169:
3152:
3148:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3133:
3125:
3121:
3106:
3104:
3096:
3090:
3088:
3083:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3008:
2998:
2992:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2972:
2967:
2963:
2956:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2936:The ruins of
2932:
2927:
2923:
2917:
2912:
2908:
2902:
2897:
2893:
2887:
2882:
2879:
2878:Dam of Ma'rib
2873:
2868:
2865:
2861:
2855:
2850:
2843:
2838:
2834:
2827:
2822:
2819:
2813:
2808:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2790:
2785:
2781:
2774:
2769:
2768:
2762:
2760:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2736:
2730:
2720:
2717:
2713:
2709:
2703:
2693:
2691:
2687:
2686:United States
2683:
2678:
2676:
2672:
2668:
2663:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2635:
2625:
2623:
2613:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2598:Jabal Shammar
2595:
2591:
2582:
2578:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2533:
2524:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2500:
2496:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2465:
2463:
2460:in 1802, and
2459:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2430:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2412:
2407:
2399:
2392:
2387:
2378:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2304:Islamic world
2297:
2293:
2284:
2282:
2281:Islamic world
2278:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2245:Dhu al-Hijjah
2242:
2241:Islamic month
2238:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2209:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2163:
2158:
2154:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2119:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2086:
2082:
2077:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2052:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2030:
2023:Rise of Islam
2020:
2018:
2014:
2013:
2007:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1936:
1927:
1922:
1918:
1908:
1906:
1902:
1897:
1893:
1892:
1887:
1886:Riyadh Region
1883:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1861:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1842:
1840:
1834:
1831:
1827:
1826:zooxanthellae
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1764:
1750:
1732:
1725:
1720:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1703:
1698:
1695:
1689:
1684:
1683:
1682:
1680:
1676:
1671:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1653:
1649:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1614:eastern coast
1611:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1598:
1594:
1593:
1592:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1574:
1565:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1549:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1473:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1455:Rub' al Khali
1452:
1448:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1436:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1408:
1397:
1391:
1380:
1373:
1355:Source: 2022
1353:
1349:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1334:
1333:
1329:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1314:
1313:
1309:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1289:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1274:
1273:
1269:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1249:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1229:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1209:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1194:
1193:
1189:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1169:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1149:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1119:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1096:
1083:
1078:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1012:
1006:
1001:
998:
997:
981:
977:
974:
971:
970:
966:
963:
960:
959:
955:
952:
949:
948:
944:
941:
938:
937:
933:
930:
927:
926:
922:
919:
916:
915:
911:
908:
905:
904:
900:
897:
894:
893:
889:
886:
883:
882:
878:
875:
872:
871:
865:
860:
857:
856:
845:
843:
839:
838:United States
835:
831:
827:
821:
819:
814:
812:
808:
798:
789:
787:
783:
779:
774:
772:
771:Syrian Desert
768:
767:Bab-el-Mandeb
764:
760:
756:
749:
745:
744:Rub' al Khali
741:
736:
726:
724:
720:
718:
714:
710:
706:
703:), and Bilad
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
677:
670:
666:
663:
660:
659:
654:
650:
647:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
625:
624:
623:
621:
613:
609:
605:
601:
598:. During the
597:
593:
587:
577:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
526:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
479:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
436:
434:
430:
429:Arabian Plate
426:
422:
418:
414:
406:
390:
378:
369:
363:
326:
317:
304:
301:
299:
296:
294:
291:
289:
286:
284:
281:
279:
276:
274:
271:
269:
266:
264:
261:
259:
256:
254:
251:
249:
246:
244:
241:
239:
236:
234:
231:
230:
229:
228:
225:
219:
215:
209:
206:
204:
201:
199:
196:
194:
191:
189:
186:
184:
181:
179:
176:
174:
171:
169:
166:
165:
163:
159:
155:
152:
150:
146:
139:0.788 (2018)
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
101:
91:
84:
78:
64:
48:
44:
43:Arabian Plate
37:
33:
19:
9139:
9127: /
9125:List of seas
9123: /
9088:Global South
9073:Global North
9007:Atlantic Rim
8946:Ring of Fire
8926:Indian Ocean
8916:Arctic Ocean
8858:Persian Gulf
8853:Indian Ocean
8834:Adriatic Sea
8799:Arctic Ocean
8631:Amazon Basin
8626:Amazon Plain
8598:Near Oceania
8403:Mid-Atlantic
8353:Aridoamerica
8313:Northwestern
8226:Northwestern
8199:Southeastern
8091:Greater Iran
8073:
8030:Southeastern
8025:Pacific Asia
7994:Pacific Asia
7982:Northeastern
7938:Asia–Pacific
7681:Fourth World
7671:Second World
7569:
7560:
7551:
7542:
7533:
7524:
7515:
7506:
7499:
7495:
7488:
7484:
7475:
7467:
7463:
7454:
7445:
7436:
7427:
7418:
7410:
7377:
7269:Jebel Shaqb?
7202:Jebel Hafeet
7190:Jebel Buhais
7163:
7123:
7067:Tuwayr range
6971:Tabuk Region
6930:Midian range
6916:Jabal Werqan
6871:Harrat Rahat
6852:Harrat Kishb
6745:Sh'af Bayhan
6735:Jabal Warrab
6724:Jabal Sawdah
6719:Jabal 'Okran
6714:Jabal Natfa'
6709:Jabal Nahran
6699:Jabal Masher
6694:Jabal Mareer
6689:Jabal Maomah
6679:Jabal Lawa's
6669:Jabal Atherb
6580:Saudi Arabia
6558:Jabal Samhan
6540:Dhofar range
6497:
6482:Jebel Ghawil
6477:Jebel Akhdar
6426:Jebel Akhdar
6301:
6252:
6240:
6226:
6190:hypothesised
6180:
6148:
6066:
5997:Kazakhstania
5972:Congo Craton
5926:
5862:Prehistoric
5861:
5820:
5805:
5790:
5783:Afro-Eurasia
5775:
5737:
5722:
5707:
5692:
5677:
5662:
5647:
5563:
5508:. Retrieved
5499:
5489:
5477:. Retrieved
5469:The Guardian
5468:
5458:
5446:. Retrieved
5437:
5427:
5418:
5409:
5400:
5391:
5374:
5350:
5338:. Retrieved
5334:the original
5329:
5319:
5302:
5278:
5273:
5267:
5247:
5228:
5222:
5203:
5186:
5167:
5151:
5135:
5126:
5120:
5111:
5085:
5078:
5073:
5065:
5060:
5053:
5048:
5041:
5036:
5027:
5008:
5002:
4977:
4969:
4950:
4944:
4919:
4911:
4892:
4841:
4837:
4826:
4814:. Retrieved
4805:
4796:
4747:
4743:
4736:
4696:(1): 17165.
4693:
4689:
4678:
4669:
4660:
4648:. Retrieved
4623:10072/382068
4597:
4593:
4579:
4568:, retrieved
4559:
4535:. Retrieved
4526:
4516:
4489:
4483:
4471:. Retrieved
4448:
4438:
4426:. Retrieved
4407:
4395:. Retrieved
4372:
4359:
4347:. Retrieved
4320:
4310:
4298:. Retrieved
4288:
4281:
4269:. Retrieved
4238:
4225:
4213:. Retrieved
4193:
4169:. Retrieved
4140:. Retrieved
4126:
4105:. Retrieved
4085:
4050:
4010:. Retrieved
3987:
3958:. Retrieved
3934:
3908:. Retrieved
3898:
3891:
3879:. Retrieved
3870:
3861:
3851:
3839:. Retrieved
3835:the original
3821:
3809:. Retrieved
3805:the original
3800:
3791:
3779:. Retrieved
3770:
3746:. Retrieved
3742:the original
3737:
3728:
3716:. Retrieved
3702:
3694:
3689:
3681:
3676:
3651:
3647:
3641:
3629:. Retrieved
3620:
3611:
3602:
3586:
3574:. Retrieved
3554:
3520:
3514:
3502:. Retrieved
3493:
3484:
3472:. Retrieved
3462:
3455:
3443:. Retrieved
3434:
3424:
3412:. Retrieved
3392:
3385:
3373:. Retrieved
3364:
3355:
3343:. Retrieved
3323:
3316:
3304:. Retrieved
3288:. ABC-CLIO.
3284:
3277:
3265:. Retrieved
3245:
3238:
3213:
3205:
3193:. Retrieved
3184:
3155:. Retrieved
3131:
3124:
2944:district of
2802:by order of
2800:Saudi Arabia
2732:
2705:
2679:
2664:
2637:
2619:
2616:Oil reserves
2587:
2573:in Syria to
2552:
2548:Saudi Arabia
2506:
2497:
2466:
2431:
2416:
2301:
2221:Muslim world
2210:
2181:
2167:
2120:
2104:North Africa
2096:Central Asia
2078:
2048:
2010:
2008:
1992:Roman Empire
1970:include the
1964:South Arabia
1954:
1938:
1896:Nefud Desert
1891:Homo sapiens
1889:
1867:
1843:
1835:
1814:tropical sea
1774:
1739:Land and sea
1675:Jebel Hafeet
1672:
1657:
1590:
1557:
1553:
1550:
1515:
1489:region) and
1433:
1418:
1117:
1112:Saudi Arabia
1093:
822:
815:
803:
775:
759:Gulf of Aden
752:
722:
721:
704:
696:
688:
680:
678:
674:
665:Arabia Felix
656:
607:
603:
589:
574:Ibn al-Faqih
542:South Arabia
527:
513:role in the
511:geopolitical
507:Indian Ocean
491:Gulf of Oman
487:Persian Gulf
480:
456:Saudi Arabia
437:
412:
324:
322:
198:Saudi Arabia
47:
9161: /
9103:Global West
9063:Global East
9022:Pacific Rim
8964:waterbodies
8953:World Ocean
8778:New Zealand
8658:The Guianas
8547:Australasia
8490:West Indies
8418:New England
8398:Great Lakes
8368:Mesoamerica
8255:Middle East
8231:Scandinavia
8120:Middle East
7958:Caspian Sea
7864:Great Lakes
7844:Sub-Saharan
7830:Middle East
7693:Hemispheres
7676:Third World
7666:First World
7619:'s primary
7409:with 'VF'.
7403:lava fields
7401:with 'VC',
7393:with 'AC'.
7346:Haraz range
7336:Jabal Tiyal
7331:Jabal Sabir
7321:Jabal Kanin
7286:Sarat range
7153:Jebel Yibir
7027:Salma range
6977:Jabal Maqla
6907:Jabal Thawr
6838:Hijaz range
6799: [
6766: [
6763:Jabal Shada
6684:Jabal Mana'
6624:'Asir range
6606:Sarat range
6553:Jebel Qarah
6548:Jebel Qamar
6513:Jebel Qihwi
6487:Jebel Shams
6453:Jabal Aswad
6431:Jebel Shams
6409:Hajar range
6164:Novopangaea
6032:South China
6012:North China
5448:15 February
5386:, pages 6–8
4844:(1): 1882.
4806:Eurek Alert
4012:29 December
3910:8 September
3811:14 December
3748:14 December
3697:, Elsevier.
3504:18 February
3445:19 February
3414:5 September
3026:Arab League
2735:Arab Spring
2690:Vietnam War
2675:Six-Day War
2652:coup d'état
2640:North Yemen
2555:Arab Revolt
2436:, began in
2413:(1902–1934)
2287:Middle Ages
2239:during the
2106:, southern
2100:Middle East
1956:Archaeology
1830:indopacific
1597:Hajar range
1396:Ras al-Jinz
1186:Kuwait City
1130:Population
600:Hellenistic
564:), and the
523:natural gas
503:Arabian Sea
499:Mesopotamia
293:Kuwait City
9176:Categories
8844:Ionian Sea
8839:Aegean Sea
8809:Baltic Sea
8741:Antarctica
8593:Micronesia
8562:New Guinea
8520:Portuguese
8443:West Coast
8393:East Coast
8388:Bible Belt
8383:Appalachia
8062:Subregions
7970:Inner Asia
7888:Antarctica
7788:Continents
7761:Antarctica
7736:Landmasses
7646:Down Under
7641:Arab World
7625:subregions
7500:Sensu lato
7489:Sensu lato
7468:Sensu lato
7391:anticlines
7326:Jabal Nuqm
7196:Jebel Faya
7132:Jebel Jais
6912:Jabal Uhud
6902:Jabal Sela
6897:Jabal Hada
6892:Jabal Daka
6825:Jabal Raum
6378:Hills and
6300:See also:
6202:Hyperborea
6192:continents
6127:Seychelles
6112:Madagascar
6092:Doggerland
5987:Euramerica
5942:Asiamerica
5670:Antarctica
5623:Continents
4816:1 November
4650:1 November
4473:13 January
4428:14 January
4397:24 October
4349:24 October
4271:24 October
3801:census.gov
3781:26 October
3738:census.gov
3631:24 October
3621:google.com
3576:19 October
3539:, page 163
3494:Britannica
3375:21 October
3365:WorldAtlas
3214:Peninsulas
3157:19 October
3117:References
3031:Arab world
2922:Nizwa Fort
2909:in Bahrain
2481:İskenderun
2361:, and the
2351:suzerainty
2298:in Arabia.
2151:Ridda wars
2110:, and the
2088:Caliphates
1982:, and the
1708:At-Tawilah
1608:Hadhramaut
1538:palm trees
1350:1,485,000
1330:1,539,830
1310:1,545,420
1290:1,622,620
1270:1,785,684
1250:2,114,675
1230:2,964,382
1210:3,181,655
1190:3,238,523
1170:4,780,740
1150:7,538,200
1072:18,675,440
1061:17,086,000
1050:11,457,000
975:93,900,000
964:86,221,765
953:77,584,000
942:63,364,000
931:47,466,523
920:35,167,708
909:23,286,256
898:15,319,678
887:11,788,232
848:Population
830:Al Jazeera
761:, and the
733:See also:
558:Al-Bahrain
550:Hadhramaut
515:Arab world
462:(UAE) and
358: ...
120:Population
9207:West Asia
9158:23°N 46°E
9040:Antarctic
8824:Irish Sea
8814:Black Sea
8773:Australia
8722:Caribbean
8699:continent
8673:Patagonia
8603:Polynesia
8581:Melanesia
8574:Zealandia
8552:Australia
8438:Southwest
8358:Caribbean
8135:Near East
7776:submerged
7771:Zealandia
7766:Australia
7656:Old World
7651:New World
7395:Volcanoes
7048:Jabal Aja
7041:Aja range
6729:Jabal Yar
6273:Greenland
6137:Zealandia
6102:Jan Mayen
6087:Cathaysia
6007:Laurentia
6002:Laramidia
5992:Kalaharia
5947:Atlantica
5880:Kenorland
5700:Australia
5340:3 October
5314:, page 18
5198:, page 85
4866:2041-1723
4772:0036-8075
4670:Arab News
4325:New Delhi
3841:12 August
2907:Arad Fort
2892:Himyarite
2757:caused a
2716:coalition
2493:Palestine
2464:in 1803.
2324:Hashemite
2204:from the
2143:Byzantine
2127:companion
2114:, to the
2094:, across
2045:(661–750)
1882:Acheulean
1818:symbiosis
1798:Al Mahrah
1712:Al Mahwit
1658:From the
1647:subranges
1568:Mountains
1466:Mountains
1457:or Great
1425:ophiolite
1362:Landscape
1326:Abu Dhabi
1039:4,896,491
1028:1,329,168
876:9,481,713
729:Geography
717:Palestine
695:), bilad
580:Etymology
538:Al-Yamama
421:West Asia
417:peninsula
268:Abu Dhabi
161:Countries
156:, Arabian
8567:Tasmania
8515:Hispanic
8378:Northern
8325:Germanic
8303:Atlantic
8245:Southern
8206:Northern
8172:Caucasus
8108:Dead Sea
8079:Caucasus
8047:Southern
8040:Maritime
8035:Mainland
8008:Northern
7989:Far East
7948:Aral Sea
7871:Southern
7815:Northern
7387:outliers
7383:Outcrops
7198:(AC, OC)
7192:(AC, OC)
6796:Al-Qeher
6755:Al-Bahah
6644:Al-Hadab
6331:Category
6197:Atlantis
6182:Mythical
6117:Mauritia
6082:Beringia
5967:Cimmeria
5962:Chilenia
5952:Avalonia
5932:Amazonia
5915:Vaalbara
5900:Pannotia
5885:Laurasia
5875:Gondwana
5870:Columbia
5798:Americas
5556:(1911).
5537:Archived
5504:Archived
5473:Archived
5442:Archived
5283:Archived
5256:Archived
5211:Archived
5175:Archived
4900:Archived
4884:38528002
4875:10963722
4810:Archived
4788:20296624
4780:21273486
4728:30498259
4644:Archived
4640:53099270
4632:30374171
4564:archived
4537:16 April
4531:Archived
4527:Geoexpro
4467:Archived
4422:Archived
4391:Archived
4367:(2013).
4343:Archived
4294:Archived
4265:Archived
4209:Archived
4171:17 April
4165:Archived
4142:17 April
4136:Archived
4134:. 1917.
4107:18 April
4101:Archived
4043:(2007).
4006:Archived
3954:Archived
3904:Archived
3875:Archived
3775:Archived
3712:Archived
3625:Archived
3570:Archived
3525:Archived
3498:Archived
3474:20 April
3468:Archived
3439:Archived
3408:Archived
3369:Archived
3339:Archived
3300:Archived
3261:Archived
3189:Archived
3151:Archived
3004:See also
2982:Al-Magar
2942:Jumeirah
2755:blockade
2712:Gulf War
2702:Gulf War
2696:Gulf War
2429:region.
2367:Ayyubids
2363:Fatimids
2355:Abbasids
2312:Damascus
2269:Muhammad
2131:Abu Bakr
2116:Pyrenees
2081:Rashidun
2058:migrated
2054:Muhammad
2012:Urheimat
1874:hominins
1822:protozoa
1808:or arid
1522:aquifers
705:al-'Iraq
697:al-Yaman
681:al-'Arab
635:province
562:Al-Hassa
505:and the
489:and the
8768:Oceania
8756:by area
8712:America
8689:Islands
8539:Oceania
8408:Midwest
8363:Central
8330:Romance
8298:Western
8167:Balkans
8162:Eastern
8157:Central
8125:Mashriq
8069:Western
8013:Siberia
7965:Eastern
7943:Central
7876:Western
7849:Central
7825:Mashriq
7820:Maghreb
7810:Saharan
7756:America
7749:Eurasia
7621:regions
7356:(H, HP)
6489:(H, HP)
6217:Meropis
6212:Lemuria
6027:Siberia
5977:Cuyania
5957:Baltica
5937:Arctica
5905:Rodinia
5895:Pangaea
5828:Oceania
5813:Eurasia
4846:Bibcode
4752:Bibcode
4744:Science
4719:6265249
4698:Bibcode
4684:2018).
4602:Bibcode
4570:26 June
3881:10 June
3656:Bibcode
3596:Page 11
3066:Mashriq
2938:Umayyad
2924:in Oman
2860:Diriyah
2765:Gallery
2515:, with
2477:Cilicia
2434:Al Saud
2371:Mamluks
2359:Baghdad
2316:Baghdad
2162:Saladin
2085:Umayyad
2015:of the
1864:History
1802:monsoon
1679:outlier
1618:Sarawat
1554:cuestas
1502:monsoon
1495:Al-Ahsa
1472:Tihamah
1266:Sharjah
1053:+134.0%
1042:+268.4%
1031:+273.1%
1017:356,235
820:(GCC).
713:Cilicia
689:al-Sham
661:(1888).
637:, with
618:). The
570:Tihamah
483:Red Sea
440:Bahrain
427:on the
415:, is a
397:
360:
258:Sharjah
168:Bahrain
149:Demonym
131:29.0/km
9163:23; 46
9055:Global
9045:Arctic
8984:Rivers
8962:Other
8896:Oceans
8751:Europe
8707:Africa
8500:French
8373:Middle
8335:Slavic
8320:Celtic
8221:Nordic
8211:Baltic
8149:Europe
8103:Levant
7797:Africa
7633:Worlds
7235:
7096:
7076:Tuwaiq
7074:Jabal
6946:? (VF)
6813:Najran
6642:Jabal
6577:
6397:
6253:Arabia
6248:Alaska
6188:, and
6159:Aurica
6154:Amasia
6017:Pampia
5715:Europe
5655:Africa
5530:, 1892
5510:17 May
5479:17 May
5382:
5366:
5358:
5310:
5293:
5235:
5194:
5159:
5143:
5015:
4990:
4957:
4932:
4882:
4872:
4864:
4786:
4778:
4770:
4726:
4716:
4638:
4630:
4504:
4459:
4383:
4335:
4300:19 May
4257:
4247:Muscat
4215:19 May
4201:
4093:
4063:
3998:
3960:19 May
3946:
3899:Arabia
3718:8 July
3562:
3535:
3400:
3345:19 May
3331:
3306:19 May
3292:
3267:19 May
3253:
3226:
3195:7 June
3143:
3093:As an
2997:Midian
2978:Saluki
2962:Dilmun
2594:Riyadh
2571:Aleppo
2517:German
2485:Mersin
2369:, and
2339:Medina
2318:, and
2277:Medina
2265:Medina
2225:Qur'an
2223:. The
2217:Medina
2184:: the
2135:caliph
2098:, the
2062:Medina
1978:, the
1974:, the
1960:Thamud
1946:Medina
1794:Dhofar
1778:coffee
1694:Dhofar
1668:Tuwayr
1652:Tuwaiq
1634:Midian
1562:gravel
1506:Dhofar
1306:Medina
1286:Muscat
1166:Jeddah
1146:Riyadh
1108:Riyadh
1099:Cities
1064:+49.1%
967:+11.1%
956:+22.4%
945:+33.5%
934:+35.0%
923:+51.0%
912:+52.0%
901:+30.0%
890:+24.3%
778:desert
693:Levant
685:Arabia
643:Jordan
620:Romans
616:Αραβία
608:Aravia
604:Arabia
495:Levant
472:Jordan
458:, the
444:Kuwait
425:Africa
413:Arabia
411:), or
368:Arabic
298:Ta'izz
278:Medina
273:Dammam
263:Muscat
238:Jeddah
233:Riyadh
183:Kuwait
178:Jordan
77:Arabic
73:
63:Arabic
59:
18:Arabia
9032:Polar
8977:lists
8972:Lakes
8791:ocean
8510:Ibero
8505:Latin
8495:Anglo
7617:Earth
7378:Note:
7238:Yemen
6940:(VF)
6854:(LF)
6803:]
6793:Jebel
6780:Jizan
6770:]
6132:Sunda
6122:Sahul
6072:lands
6022:Sahul
5627:Earth
5089:See:
5009:Petra
4784:S2CID
4636:S2CID
4329:India
4235:"1–2"
4059:–19.
3988:Yemen
2946:Dubai
2833:Hegra
2796:Mecca
2602:Hejaz
2513:Turks
2473:Hejaz
2419:Syria
2375:Egypt
2347:Hejaz
2343:Hejaz
2335:Mecca
2331:Hejaz
2320:Cairo
2273:Mecca
2257:Kaaba
2253:Mecca
2237:Mecca
2235:, to
2213:Mecca
2108:Italy
2070:Islam
1988:Sheba
1950:Hejaz
1942:Mecca
1786:camel
1731:Ha'il
1716:Yemen
1660:Hejaz
1645:Salma
1630:Hejaz
1626:'Asir
1586:Sanaa
1558:wadis
1542:dates
1534:oases
1530:Qatif
1526:oases
1518:wadis
1510:Mahra
1491:Hofuf
1487:Tawam
1463:Dahna
1451:Nefud
1444:sheep
1346:Basra
1246:Mecca
1226:Dubai
1206:Sanaa
1127:City
1124:Rank
1075:+9.3%
1069:2018
1058:2014
1047:2010
1036:1990
1025:1970
1014:1950
978:+8.9%
961:2018
950:2014
939:2010
928:2000
917:1990
906:1980
895:1970
884:1960
873:1950
840:–led
786:Syria
701:Yemen
669:Yemen
639:Petra
612:Greek
566:Hejaz
546:Yemen
464:Yemen
452:Qatar
433:India
405:Arabs
303:Ta'if
283:Basra
253:Mecca
248:Sanaa
243:Dubai
208:Yemen
193:Qatar
9149:46°E
9146:23°N
8989:Seas
8746:Asia
8018:Ural
7930:Asia
7859:Horn
7854:East
7623:and
7307:(VF)
7301:(VF)
7295:(VF)
7204:(OL)
7155:(HP)
6873:(LF)
6860:(VC)
6848:(VF)
6731:(VF)
6634:(LF)
6400:Oman
6186:lost
6074:and
5890:Nena
5685:Asia
5512:2020
5481:2020
5450:2015
5380:ISBN
5364:ISBN
5356:ISBN
5342:2008
5308:ISBN
5291:ISBN
5233:ISBN
5192:ISBN
5157:ISBN
5141:ISBN
5013:ISBN
4988:ISBN
4955:ISBN
4930:ISBN
4880:PMID
4862:ISSN
4818:2018
4776:PMID
4768:ISSN
4724:PMID
4652:2018
4628:PMID
4572:2015
4560:NASA
4539:2021
4502:ISBN
4475:2019
4457:ISBN
4430:2019
4418:ADCO
4399:2020
4381:ISBN
4351:2020
4333:ISBN
4302:2020
4273:2020
4255:ISBN
4217:2020
4199:ISBN
4173:2020
4144:2020
4109:2020
4091:ISBN
4061:ISBN
4014:2018
3996:ISBN
3962:2020
3944:ISBN
3912:2013
3883:2020
3843:2008
3813:2017
3783:2014
3750:2017
3720:2021
3633:2020
3578:2015
3560:ISBN
3533:ISBN
3518:See
3506:2021
3476:2021
3447:2021
3416:2022
3398:ISBN
3377:2017
3347:2020
3329:ISBN
3308:2020
3290:ISBN
3269:2020
3251:ISBN
3224:ISBN
3197:2018
3159:2015
3141:ISBN
2778:The
2733:The
2575:Aden
2521:waqf
2483:and
2467:The
2438:Najd
2427:Najd
2337:and
2275:and
2233:Hajj
2215:and
2176:and
2170:Umar
2145:(or
2083:and
2041:The
2031:and
1944:and
1919:and
1839:khat
1824:and
1796:and
1780:and
1576:The
1546:arid
1440:Najd
1003:Pop.
999:Year
972:2023
862:Pop.
858:Year
709:Iraq
641:(in
554:Oman
552:and
536:and
534:Najd
521:and
497:and
470:and
468:Iraq
448:Oman
394:lit.
323:The
288:Aden
188:Oman
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