32:
233:. Between 2500 and 2000 BCE there was significant soil build up. When the climate became too arid to produce sufficient food, people relocated until the rate of precipitation increased. Over time there was an increase in drought-resistant plants and the plants that required regular watering did not survive. Woodlands of spruce and fir were replaced by juniper and pinyon trees in the northern Rio Grande valley. Further south, there were fewer juniper and pinyon trees. Both climatic changes resulted in human movement pattern changes to obtain food.
294:
287:
308:
315:
1166:
301:
430:
logs in the shape of a cone, dome or tent. The frames were covered with brush and earthen daub that acted as a sealant for protection against the elements. Rocks may have been placed around the base of the shelter or lean-to and fire pits were sometimes used inside the homes. The shallow-basined lodgings are considered a precursor to the
122:
236:
The Paleo-Indian had a straightforward movement pattern: follow and hunt the big animals. The
Archaic individuals followed a new pattern called "making the seasonal rounds" where they moved to familiar places based upon the growing seasons of plants, their major source of food. In the spring, summer
429:
who roamed the
Colorado Plateau to hunt game or gather seasonal wild plants, their homes were easily built. The bands of people generally inhabited rock alcoves or lived out in the open in brush shelters and lean-tos. The dwellings were made by digging a shallow basin and building a frame of wooden
400:
To adopt the
Basketmaker lifestyle, Archaic people would have adopted the cultivation of maize, a less mobile lifestyle and taken up residence in pit-houses. Other differences between the Archaic and Basketmaker cultures were the forms of basketry, symbols used in petroglyphs, burial practices and
345:
were found within a regional geographic area, made from local stone, an indication that
Archaic people ranged across shorter expanses of land. Since they more fully utilized diverse plant and game resources within a region, they didn't need to travel as far to find food. The different shaped tools
364:
Excavation of their campsites and rock shelters revealed that the
Archaic-Early Basketmaker people made baskets, tools, gathered wild plants, and killed and processed game. Slab-lined storage cists, found both inside and outside of shelters, were used to store food which indicates a change from a
635:
and manos to grind wild food. The number of elk, deer, rabbit and other animal bones, and evidence that they were processed to extract bone marrow and grease, suggests that the site was used during the winter season or another period when food was scarce. The site is located in
577:
valley that were likely for hunting deer and gathering wild plants. Eight additional hunting sites are located in the nearby mountains, devoid of wild plant gathering evidence. Three pit-houses were found from the latter years of the period. Sporadic sightings of
160:
by their basketry which was used to gather and store food. They became reliant on wild seeds, grasses, nuts, and fruit for food and changed their movement patterns and lifestyle by maximizing the edible wild food and small game within a geographical region.
373:
The population of the
Basketmaker people is likely not tied to one particular group of people, but reflective of the migration of agricultural people from the south and adoption of agriculture by local Archaic populations. For instance, people on the
340:
Although the number of people increased during the
Archaic era, they traveled in small groups throughout the arid lowlands of juniper and sage to the moister climate of the pinyon forest about 6,000 feet (1,800 m) in elevation. Different sets of
207:. Besides climate change, the large animals may have perished due to increased human population and their improved hunting techniques. By 6000 BCE two-thirds of all North American animals weighing more than 100 pounds were extinct and the
414:(ca. 5440 BCE — 460 CE) of the southwest United States, with whom they shared some similarities, such as use of manos and metates, a preference for dwelling on mesas and at canyon heads, and the cultivation of corn.
597:
sites are classified by Hurley as late
Archaic/Early Basketmaker, but the time period is from 500 BCE – 100 CE, perhaps more indicative of the degree of technology and culture capabilities than the time
245:
beans. Any surplus food was stored for later use. Men hunted small game like rabbits using traps and snares. During the fall and winter men hunted deer, big horn sheep, bison and antelope with the
2664:
130:
947:
Chapter I: From
Prehistory to the Twentieth Century. Professional Papers No. 40. Santa Fe: Southwest Cultural Resource Center, National Park Service. Retrieved 10-17-2011.
542:
357:. By the end of the period, some people cultivated food and became less mobile, but agriculture would not be consistently adopted until the 1st century CE in the
1510:
1154:
2527:
2598:
1553:
346:
may have been used for people to identify themselves. The bands of people likely socialized with neighboring tribes, rather than people from distant lands.
887:
440:
In the summer, campsites were made at high elevations: on the top of mesas or ridges. They also had temporary campsites in the mountains, low mesas and
1132:
195:
climate changes (beginning about 10,000 BCE) resulted in warmer and drier weather, a contributing factor in the extinction of megafauna, such as the
609:
About 8,000 to 3,000 years before present (roughly 6000 to 1000 BCE) inhabitants lived in dwellings and had storage systems similar to those of the
2654:
1575:
2096:
2644:
2639:
2572:
1147:
2649:
2512:
2201:
2669:
2271:
2061:
1546:
2659:
2624:
2166:
349:
Based upon the introduction of cultivation, new dwelling types and artifacts, it is believed that people from southern
Arizona and
627:
pit-houses. One of the dwellings, set within a shallow basin, was 19.7 feet (6.0 m) in diameter with an 11 feet (3.4 m)
1961:
410:
contends that the Ancestral Puebloans, and hence the Basketmaker culture, developed, at least in part, from the contemporaneous
2036:
1971:
1951:
1140:
518:
2176:
1515:
1077:
1539:
385:
Projectile points, a basketry style known as "two rod and bundle", and other similarities existed between artifacts of the
2557:
2532:
2482:
1946:
1162:
2306:
2086:
1911:
1171:
784:
761:
664:
1123:
1102:
1059:
1024:
1003:
982:
926:
862:
805:
729:
708:
687:
529:
Lukachukai and Salina Springs in the Chinle Valley of northeastern Arizona are late Archaic-Early Basketmaker sites.
2051:
744:
2552:
2517:
2321:
2191:
2041:
1996:
1270:
2629:
2462:
2256:
2231:
2151:
1843:
1587:
1421:
1382:
1189:
149:
881:
826:
2467:
2016:
2562:
2331:
1916:
1901:
1775:
2171:
1926:
942:
840:
2389:
2341:
1863:
2276:
2131:
2101:
1660:
1562:
1291:
554:
386:
358:
181:
48:
2634:
2567:
2301:
2291:
2251:
2126:
1858:
1793:
390:
57:
867:
Crow Canyon Archaeological Center. Peoples of the Mesa Verde Region. 2011. Retrieved 10-17-2011.
623:
Two pit-houses dated about 6140 to 6410 years before present (about 4000 BCE) appear similar to
2236:
1956:
1803:
1746:
1680:
1665:
1475:
1275:
1194:
637:
501:
407:
903:
631:, or front room. Within the home were a fire pit, slab-lined storage cists, animal bones, and
2430:
2364:
2311:
2206:
2106:
1873:
1838:
1828:
1769:
1520:
1036:
959:
908:
Aztec Ruins National Monument, National Park Service. January 13, 2001. Retrieved 10-18-2011.
153:
2001:
1853:
1725:
1439:
1400:
273:
31:
8:
2492:
1788:
1715:
1690:
1655:
1635:
1485:
1429:
1395:
1311:
624:
610:
431:
66:
22:
2577:
2121:
2116:
1976:
1823:
1759:
1740:
1675:
1670:
1602:
1480:
1695:
2603:
2404:
2111:
1868:
1848:
1630:
1449:
1367:
1301:
1119:
1098:
1055:
1020:
999:
978:
922:
801:
780:
725:
704:
683:
614:
579:
549:
394:
307:
157:
93:
831:
Chaco Culture National Historical Park, National Park Service. Retrieved 10-15-2011.
173:, hunters adapted their tools, using spears with smaller projectile points and then
2547:
2384:
2336:
2286:
2226:
2141:
2066:
2056:
2031:
1986:
1833:
1783:
1764:
1754:
1705:
1700:
1434:
1405:
1362:
1352:
1234:
461:
411:
354:
342:
226:
102:
84:
1072:
894:
Anthropology Laboratories of Northern University of Arizona. Retrieved 10-14-2011.
521:
of New Mexico that span the period from 7000 to 1500 BCE. One site is Atlatl Cave.
2440:
2394:
2146:
2091:
2081:
1941:
1720:
1650:
1645:
1625:
1592:
1444:
1306:
1249:
1224:
1081:
891:
564:
426:
111:
75:
293:
286:
2522:
2507:
2497:
2136:
1966:
1921:
1818:
1730:
1685:
1410:
1372:
1357:
1342:
404:
208:
2399:
1531:
541:
of northwestern New Mexico and southwestern Colorado. For Colorado sites, see
2618:
2379:
2374:
2266:
2216:
2211:
2196:
2186:
2181:
1931:
1808:
1620:
1597:
1490:
1244:
525:
382:
and adopted a less transitory lifestyle before the Early Basketmaker people.
238:
314:
177:
and darts. Simple dwellings made of wood, brush and earth provided shelter.
2582:
2537:
2487:
2477:
2457:
2425:
2326:
2281:
2261:
2046:
2026:
1991:
1906:
1891:
1710:
1582:
1454:
1390:
1347:
1334:
1296:
1239:
594:
468:
441:
375:
212:
204:
162:
444:. Structures, built in the later part of this period, were built at lower
2435:
2316:
2296:
2161:
2021:
2011:
1896:
1640:
628:
574:
263:
121:
2472:
2369:
2241:
2156:
1981:
1254:
350:
133:
2071:
300:
129:
2246:
2076:
1459:
1041:
Department of the Interior. 1991. Pages 41, 60. Retrieved 10-19-2011.
445:
434:
268:
170:
2445:
2409:
2359:
2221:
2006:
1229:
1175:
1165:
258:
242:
219:
196:
192:
169:
began to be used to process seeds and nuts. With the extinction of
1052:
Foundations of Anasazi Culture: The Basketmaker Pueblo Transition.
1017:
Foundations of Anasazi Culture: The Basketmaker Pueblo Transition.
996:
Foundations of Anasazi Culture: The Basketmaker Pueblo Transition.
975:
Foundations of Anasazi Culture: The Basketmaker Pueblo Transition.
2452:
1936:
1813:
1735:
1219:
602:
Sites that may represent a transition to Basketmaker traditions:
230:
222:
200:
1798:
632:
479:
472:
246:
174:
166:
964:
Department of the Interior. 1991. p. 59. Retrieved 10-19-2011.
766:
Crow Canyon Archaeological Center. 2011. Retrieved 10-18-2011.
749:
Crow Canyon Archaeological Center. 2011. Retrieved 10-18-2011.
669:
Crow Canyon Archaeological Center. 2011. Retrieved 10-18-2011.
2542:
573:
There were five Archaic-Early Basketmaker sites found in the
423:
379:
278:
456:
Items found at the Archaic-Early Basketmaker sites include:
237:
and early fall women harvested seeds, nuts, fruit, grasses,
2502:
422:
Since the people of the Archaic–Early Basketmaker Era were
137:
2665:
Southwest periods in North America by Pecos classification
1074:
A Retrospective on the Four Corners Archeological Program.
844:
Frontier in Transition: A History of Southwestern Colorado
1095:
Hunter-Gatherer Archaeology of the Colorado High Country.
497:
Animal (bighorn sheep, elk, deer) figurines made of twigs
1511:
List of ancient dwellings of Pueblo peoples in Colorado
919:
Hunter-Gather Archaeology of the Colorado High Country.
353:
moved north and integrated with bands of people in the
779:. Palo Alto: American West Publishing Company. p. 17.
460:
Stone scrapers, lithic scatters (tool-making debris),
563:
Dust Devil cave, dated about 6000 BCE, is located on
1084:
National Park Service. Page 2. Retrieved 10-15-2011.
682:Alexandria, Virginia: Time-Life Books. pp. 29, 30.
921:Boulder: The University Press of Colorado. p. 28.
846:. Bureau of Land Management. Retrieved 10-16-2011.
508:
229:storm patterns which resulted in significant soil
944:Navajo National Monument: A Place and its People.
2616:
1561:
1097:Boulder: University Press of Colorado. p. 114.
180:The Archaic Basketmaker Era is followed by the
757:
755:
517:More than 70 campsites are located within the
16:Ancient culture of the southwest United States
1547:
1148:
1038:Pecos National Historic Park Nomination Form.
961:Pecos National Historic Park Nomination Form.
660:
658:
656:
654:
211:was the only large animal to survive on the
877:
875:
873:
752:
1554:
1540:
1155:
1141:
955:
953:
937:
935:
798:Ancient Peoples of the American Southwest.
722:Ancient Peoples of the American Southwest.
701:Ancient Peoples of the American Southwest.
651:
187:
2062:Hopewell Culture National Historical Park
740:
738:
672:
870:
858:
856:
854:
852:
834:
822:
820:
818:
816:
814:
128:
120:
950:
932:
553:A domed Archaic shelter was found near
2617:
1065:
763:Archaic: 5500 to 500 B.C. – Artifacts.
735:
724:London: Thames and Hudson. pp. 46–47.
703:London: Thames and Hudson. pp. 48–49.
156:. They were distinguished from other
2655:Native American history of New Mexico
1535:
1516:List of prehistoric sites in Colorado
1136:
897:
849:
811:
666:Archaic: 5500 to 500 B.C. – Overview.
368:
582:and other artifacts were also found.
152:cultural period of ancestors to the
2645:Native American history of Colorado
2533:Norse colonization of North America
864:Archaic: 5500 to 500 B.C. - Housing
777:Anasazi: Ancient People of the Rock
464:, knives, milling tools and debris.
13:
2640:Native American history of Arizona
1054:University of Utah Press. p. 131.
998:University of Utah Press. p. 228.
977:University of Utah Press. p. 159.
800:London: Thames and Hudson. p. 51.
203:that were hunted by the preceding
14:
2681:
2650:Native American history of Nevada
1019:University of Utah Press. p. 19.
883:Ancestral Pueblo - Basketmaker II
828:Archaic-Early Basketmaker Period.
746:Archaic: 5500 to 500 B.C. – Food.
451:
140:, c. 1200 BCE Basketmaker culture
2670:7th-millennium BC establishments
1164:
1118:Boulder: Johnson Press. p. 102.
678:Time-Life Book Editors. (1993)
313:
306:
299:
292:
285:
30:
2660:Native American history of Utah
2625:Archaic period in North America
2553:Southeastern Ceremonial Complex
1271:Southern Ute Indian Reservation
1108:
1087:
1044:
1030:
1009:
988:
967:
911:
509:Archaic-Early Basketmaker sites
393:and the San Pedro stage of the
158:Archaic people of the Southwest
1190:Outline of Colorado prehistory
790:
769:
714:
693:
1:
1071:Hurley, Warren F. X. (2000).
644:
442:ponds formed by spring runoff
378:of New Mexico had cultivated
146:Archaic–Early Basketmaker Era
40:Archaic–Early Basketmaker Era
2518:Mi'kmaq hieroglyphic writing
2468:Eastern Agricultural Complex
1116:The Archaeology of Colorado.
1114:Cassells, E. Steve. (1997)
475:to grind wild nuts and seeds
7:
1902:Bandelier National Monument
1776:List of Mississippian sites
1563:Pre-Columbian North America
905:Man in the San Juan Valley.
613:and San Pedro phase of the
417:
365:totally nomadic lifestyle.
10:
2686:
2322:West Oak Forest Earthlodge
1927:The Bluff Point Stoneworks
1636:Ancestral Pueblo (Anasazi)
607:Upper Gunnison River basin
320:
283:
2591:
2563:Three Sisters agriculture
2418:
2350:
1882:
1611:
1569:
1503:
1468:
1419:
1381:
1333:
1324:
1284:
1263:
1212:
1203:
1182:
277:
272:
267:
262:
257:
2102:Lehner Mammoth-Kill Site
1661:Buttermilk Creek complex
1292:Battle of Beecher Island
401:volume of traded items.
391:Late Basketmaker II Eras
359:Early Basketmaker II Era
182:Early Basketmaker II Era
49:Early Basketmaker II Era
2302:Town Creek Indian Mound
2272:Sierra de San Francisco
2127:Meadowcroft Rockshelter
941:Rothman, Hal K. (1991)
775:Pike, Donald G. (1974)
188:Hunter gatherer culture
148:(7000–1500 BCE) was an
58:Late Basketmaker II Era
1957:Coso Rock Art District
1844:Santa Rosa-Swift Creek
1747:List of Hopewell sites
1476:Cynthia Irwin-Williams
1276:Ute Mountain Ute Tribe
1195:Prehistory of Colorado
917:Stiger, Mark. (2008).
796:Plog, Stephen. (1997)
720:Plog, Stephen. (1997)
699:Plog, Stephen. (1997)
638:Eagle County, Colorado
543:Colorado LaPlata sites
494:Clothing made of hides
408:Cynthia Irwin-Williams
141:
126:
2630:Oasisamerica cultures
2365:Arlington Springs Man
2207:Portsmouth Earthworks
1521:Trail of the Ancients
1093:Stiger, Mark. (2001)
1050:Reed, Paul F. (2000)
1015:Reed, Paul F. (2000)
994:Reed, Paul F. (2000)
973:Reed, Paul F. (2000)
154:Ancient Pueblo People
132:
124:
2573:Transoceanic contact
2463:Container Revolution
2037:Gila Cliff Dwellings
2002:Etowah Indian Mounds
1469:Noted archaeologists
1440:Dismal River culture
1401:Mount Albion complex
1204:Contemporary peoples
680:The First Americans.
561:Navajo Mountain area
533:Cove–Red valley area
2493:Green Corn Ceremony
2307:Turkey River Mounds
2097:Lake Jackson Mounds
1917:Blue Spring Shelter
1486:Waldo Rudolph Wedel
1430:Ancestral Puebloans
1396:Basketmaker culture
1325:Precontact cultures
1312:Sand Creek massacre
841:"The Ancient Ones".
254:
67:Basketmaker III Era
2578:Underwater panther
2252:Rosenstock Village
2122:Marmes Rockshelter
2107:L'Anse aux Meadows
1481:Paul Sidney Martin
1206:native to Colorado
1172:Indigenous peoples
1080:2011-10-15 at the
890:2014-03-29 at the
369:Basketmaker origin
252:
142:
127:
23:Ancestral Puebloan
2612:
2611:
2604:Pre-Columbian era
2405:Spirit Cave mummy
2202:Plum Bayou Mounds
2112:Lynch Quarry Site
1631:Ancient Beringian
1529:
1528:
1499:
1498:
1450:Panhandle culture
1368:Plainview complex
1320:
1319:
1302:Comanche Campaign
615:Cochise tradition
580:projectile points
550:Mesa Verde region
462:projectile points
395:Cochise tradition
343:projectile points
338:
337:
325:Seeds and greens
119:
118:
94:Pueblo III Period
2677:
2548:Projectile point
2385:Leanderthal Lady
2312:Upward Sun River
2287:Stallings Island
2277:Shell ring sites
2227:Recapture Canyon
2142:Moorehead Circle
1987:El Fin del Mundo
1972:Cueva de la Olla
1778:
1765:Maritime Archaic
1749:
1579:
1556:
1549:
1542:
1533:
1532:
1504:Related articles
1435:Apishapa culture
1406:Oshara tradition
1363:Hell Gap complex
1353:Folsom tradition
1331:
1330:
1235:Jicarilla Apache
1210:
1209:
1169:
1168:
1157:
1150:
1143:
1134:
1133:
1127:
1112:
1106:
1091:
1085:
1069:
1063:
1048:
1042:
1034:
1028:
1013:
1007:
992:
986:
971:
965:
957:
948:
939:
930:
915:
909:
901:
895:
879:
868:
860:
847:
838:
832:
824:
809:
794:
788:
773:
767:
759:
750:
742:
733:
718:
712:
697:
691:
676:
670:
662:
500:Bone and wooden
491:Rope and sandals
427:hunter gatherers
412:Oshara tradition
355:Colorado Plateau
322:Seeds and grass
317:
310:
303:
296:
289:
255:
251:
227:Colorado Plateau
225:runoff affected
125:Colorado Plateau
103:Pueblo IV Period
85:Pueblo II Period
34:
19:
18:
2685:
2684:
2680:
2679:
2678:
2676:
2675:
2674:
2615:
2614:
2613:
2608:
2599:Genetic history
2587:
2441:Ceremonial pipe
2414:
2395:Minnesota Woman
2352:
2346:
2167:Ocmulgee Mounds
2147:Morrison Mounds
2092:Kolomoki Mounds
2082:Kimball Village
1942:Candelaria Cave
1884:
1878:
1859:Suwannee Valley
1794:Old Cordilleran
1774:
1745:
1613:
1607:
1573:
1565:
1560:
1530:
1525:
1495:
1464:
1445:Fremont culture
1415:
1377:
1326:
1316:
1307:Meeker Massacre
1280:
1259:
1205:
1199:
1178:
1163:
1161:
1131:
1130:
1113:
1109:
1092:
1088:
1082:Wayback Machine
1070:
1066:
1049:
1045:
1035:
1031:
1014:
1010:
993:
989:
972:
968:
958:
951:
940:
933:
916:
912:
902:
898:
892:Wayback Machine
880:
871:
861:
850:
839:
835:
825:
812:
795:
791:
774:
770:
760:
753:
743:
736:
719:
715:
698:
694:
677:
673:
663:
652:
647:
565:Navajo Mountain
511:
454:
420:
371:
239:juniper berries
218:About 5000 BCE
190:
136:, southeastern
114:
112:Pueblo V Period
105:
96:
87:
78:
76:Pueblo I Period
69:
60:
51:
42:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2683:
2673:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2635:Pueblo history
2632:
2627:
2610:
2609:
2607:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2592:
2589:
2588:
2586:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2523:Mound Builders
2520:
2515:
2510:
2508:Medicine wheel
2505:
2500:
2498:Horned Serpent
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2449:
2448:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2422:
2420:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2356:
2354:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2237:Roberts Island
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2172:Old Stone Fort
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2137:Moaning Cavern
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2087:Kincaid Mounds
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1967:Cuarenta Casas
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1922:Bluefish Caves
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1888:
1886:
1883:Archaeological
1880:
1879:
1877:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1780:
1779:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1751:
1750:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1681:Caloosahatchee
1678:
1673:
1668:
1666:Caborn-Welborn
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1617:
1615:
1612:Archaeological
1609:
1608:
1606:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1570:
1567:
1566:
1559:
1558:
1551:
1544:
1536:
1527:
1526:
1524:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1507:
1505:
1501:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1494:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1472:
1470:
1466:
1465:
1463:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1426:
1424:
1417:
1416:
1414:
1413:
1411:Picosa culture
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1387:
1385:
1379:
1378:
1376:
1375:
1373:Plano cultures
1370:
1365:
1360:
1358:Goshen complex
1355:
1350:
1345:
1343:Clovis culture
1339:
1337:
1328:
1322:
1321:
1318:
1317:
1315:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1288:
1286:
1282:
1281:
1279:
1278:
1273:
1267:
1265:
1261:
1260:
1258:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1216:
1214:
1207:
1201:
1200:
1198:
1197:
1192:
1186:
1184:
1180:
1179:
1160:
1159:
1152:
1145:
1137:
1129:
1128:
1107:
1086:
1064:
1043:
1029:
1008:
987:
966:
949:
931:
910:
896:
869:
848:
833:
810:
789:
785:978-0517526903
768:
751:
734:
713:
692:
671:
649:
648:
646:
643:
642:
641:
618:
611:Basketmaker II
600:
599:
589:
588:in New Mexico.
586:Tohatchi Flats
583:
568:
558:
546:
539:LaPlata valley
536:
535:in New Mexico.
530:
522:
510:
507:
506:
505:
498:
495:
492:
489:
486:
483:
476:
465:
453:
452:Material goods
450:
419:
416:
405:Anthropologist
370:
367:
336:
335:
332:
329:
326:
323:
319:
318:
311:
304:
297:
290:
282:
281:
276:
271:
266:
261:
209:bison antiquus
189:
186:
117:
116:
108:
107:
99:
98:
90:
89:
81:
80:
72:
71:
63:
62:
54:
53:
52:1500 BCE–50 CE
45:
44:
36:
35:
27:
26:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2682:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2594:
2593:
2590:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2483:Falcon dancer
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2447:
2444:
2443:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2423:
2421:
2419:Miscellaneous
2417:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2390:Melbourne Man
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2380:La Brea Woman
2378:
2376:
2375:Kennewick Man
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2357:
2355:
2349:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2267:Serpent Mound
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2217:Pueblo Bonito
2215:
2213:
2212:Poverty Point
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2197:Pinson Mounds
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2187:Painted Bluff
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2067:Horr's Island
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1997:Effigy Mounds
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1962:Crystal River
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1889:
1887:
1881:
1875:
1874:Weeden Island
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1839:Safety Harbor
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1829:Poverty Point
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1809:Paleo-Indians
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1777:
1773:
1772:
1771:
1770:Mississippian
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1748:
1744:
1743:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1618:
1616:
1610:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1578:
1577:
1572:
1571:
1568:
1564:
1557:
1552:
1550:
1545:
1543:
1538:
1537:
1534:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1508:
1506:
1502:
1492:
1491:Joe Ben Wheat
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1471:
1467:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1418:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1380:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1332:
1329:
1323:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1289:
1287:
1283:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1268:
1266:
1262:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1215:
1211:
1208:
1202:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1187:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1167:
1158:
1153:
1151:
1146:
1144:
1139:
1138:
1135:
1125:
1124:1-55566-193-9
1121:
1117:
1111:
1104:
1103:0-87081-612-8
1100:
1096:
1090:
1083:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1068:
1061:
1060:0-87480-656-9
1057:
1053:
1047:
1040:
1039:
1033:
1026:
1025:0-87480-656-9
1022:
1018:
1012:
1005:
1004:0-87480-656-9
1001:
997:
991:
984:
983:0-87480-656-9
980:
976:
970:
963:
962:
956:
954:
946:
945:
938:
936:
928:
927:0-87081-612-8
924:
920:
914:
907:
906:
900:
893:
889:
886:
884:
878:
876:
874:
866:
865:
859:
857:
855:
853:
845:
842:
837:
830:
829:
823:
821:
819:
817:
815:
807:
806:0-500-02116-3
803:
799:
793:
786:
782:
778:
772:
765:
764:
758:
756:
748:
747:
741:
739:
731:
730:0-500-02116-3
727:
723:
717:
710:
709:0-500-02116-3
706:
702:
696:
689:
688:0-8094-9400-0
685:
681:
675:
668:
667:
661:
659:
657:
655:
650:
639:
634:
630:
626:
622:
621:Yarmony House
619:
616:
612:
608:
605:
604:
603:
596:
593:
590:
587:
584:
581:
576:
572:
569:
566:
562:
559:
556:
552:
551:
547:
544:
540:
537:
534:
531:
528:
527:
526:Chinle Valley
523:
520:
516:
513:
512:
503:
499:
496:
493:
490:
487:
484:
481:
477:
474:
470:
466:
463:
459:
458:
457:
449:
447:
443:
438:
436:
433:
428:
425:
415:
413:
409:
406:
402:
398:
396:
392:
388:
383:
381:
377:
366:
362:
360:
356:
352:
347:
344:
333:
330:
327:
324:
321:
316:
312:
309:
305:
302:
298:
295:
291:
288:
284:
280:
275:
270:
265:
260:
256:
250:
248:
244:
240:
234:
232:
228:
224:
221:
216:
214:
210:
206:
205:Paleo-Indians
202:
198:
194:
185:
183:
178:
176:
172:
168:
164:
159:
155:
151:
147:
139:
135:
131:
123:
113:
110:
109:
104:
101:
100:
95:
92:
91:
86:
83:
82:
77:
74:
73:
68:
65:
64:
59:
56:
55:
50:
47:
46:
43:7000–1500 BCE
41:
38:
37:
33:
29:
28:
24:
21:
20:
2583:Water glyphs
2538:Oasisamerica
2528:N.A.G.P.R.A.
2488:Folsom point
2478:Effigy mound
2458:Clovis point
2426:Aridoamerica
2327:Wickiup Hill
2282:Spiro Mounds
2262:Salmon Ruins
2257:Russell Cave
2052:Helen Blazes
2047:Grimes Point
2027:Fort Juelson
2017:Fort Ancient
1992:El Vallecito
1952:Chaco Canyon
1892:Angel Mounds
1854:Steed-Kisker
1804:Paleo-Arctic
1726:Glacial Kame
1711:Fort Ancient
1603:Post-Classic
1574:
1455:Sopris phase
1391:Apex complex
1348:Cody complex
1335:Paleo-Indian
1297:Colorado War
1285:Major events
1264:Reservations
1115:
1110:
1094:
1089:
1073:
1067:
1051:
1046:
1037:
1032:
1016:
1011:
995:
990:
974:
969:
960:
943:
918:
913:
904:
899:
882:
863:
843:
836:
827:
797:
792:
776:
771:
762:
745:
721:
716:
700:
695:
679:
674:
665:
620:
606:
601:
595:Ute Mountain
592:Ute Mountain
591:
585:
570:
560:
548:
538:
532:
524:
519:Chaco Canyon
515:Chaco Canyon
514:
455:
439:
421:
403:
399:
384:
376:Mogollon Rim
372:
363:
348:
339:
235:
217:
213:Great Plains
191:
179:
145:
143:
115:1600–present
39:
2568:Thunderbird
2436:Black drink
2400:Peñon woman
2337:Winterville
2317:Velda Mound
2297:Taos Pueblo
2192:Parkin Park
2177:Orwell site
2162:Nodena site
2057:Holly Bluff
2032:Four Mounds
2022:Fort Center
1947:Casa Grande
1897:Anzick site
1789:Monongahela
1716:Fort Walton
1691:Coles Creek
1656:Belle Glade
1641:Anishinaabe
1327:in Colorado
629:antechamber
625:Basketmaker
575:Pecos River
567:in Arizona.
557:, Colorado.
432:Basketmaker
269:Pinyon nuts
253:Wild foods
249:and darts.
2619:Categories
2513:Metallurgy
2473:Eden point
2370:Buhl Woman
2242:Rock Eagle
2232:River Styx
2157:Mummy Cave
2152:Moundville
2132:Mesa Verde
2117:Marksville
1864:Tchefuncte
1824:Plaquemine
1760:Las Palmas
1676:Calf Creek
1671:Cades Pond
645:References
571:Pecos area
555:Mesa Verde
446:elevations
435:pit-houses
351:New Mexico
134:Pictograph
2558:Stickball
2247:Rock Hawk
2077:Key Marco
1869:Troyville
1849:St. Johns
1834:Red Ocher
1593:Formative
1460:Tipi ring
502:artifacts
482:and darts
274:Ricegrass
264:Goosefoot
171:megafauna
106:1350–1600
97:1150–1350
2446:Chanunpa
2431:Ballgame
2410:Vero man
2360:Anzick-1
2332:Windover
2292:SunWatch
2222:Rassawek
2042:Glenwood
1932:Brewster
1784:Mogollon
1755:La Jolla
1741:Hopewell
1701:Deptford
1614:cultures
1250:Shoshone
1230:Comanche
1225:Cheyenne
1183:Overview
1176:Colorado
1078:Archived
888:Archived
478:Spears,
418:Shelters
259:Amaranth
243:mesquite
220:Holocene
197:mastodon
193:Holocene
88:900–1150
2595:Related
2453:Chunkey
2353:remains
2342:Wupatki
2182:Paquime
2072:Huápoca
1937:Cahokia
1907:Bastian
1814:Patayan
1736:Hohokam
1721:Fremont
1696:Comondú
1651:Baytown
1646:Avonlea
1626:Alachua
1598:Classic
1588:Archaic
1576:Periods
1422:Archaic
1383:Archaic
1220:Arapaho
1170:
633:metates
598:period.
488:Baskets
480:atlatls
473:metates
424:nomadic
231:erosion
223:glacial
201:mammoth
167:metates
150:Archaic
79:750–900
70:500–750
25:periods
2012:Folsom
1977:Cutler
1912:Benson
1799:Oneota
1731:Glades
1706:Folsom
1686:Clovis
1583:Lithic
1245:Pawnee
1213:People
1122:
1101:
1058:
1023:
1002:
981:
925:
804:
783:
728:
707:
686:
485:Snares
467:Crude
334:Fruit
331:Seeds
247:atlatl
175:atlatl
61:50–500
2543:Piasa
2351:Human
1982:Eaker
1885:sites
1819:Plano
1621:Adena
1420:Post-
1240:Kiowa
469:manos
387:Early
380:maize
328:Nuts
279:Yucca
163:Manos
2503:Kiva
1120:ISBN
1099:ISBN
1056:ISBN
1021:ISBN
1000:ISBN
979:ISBN
923:ISBN
802:ISBN
781:ISBN
726:ISBN
705:ISBN
684:ISBN
471:and
389:and
241:and
199:and
165:and
144:The
138:Utah
2007:Eva
1255:Ute
1174:of
2621::
952:^
934:^
872:^
851:^
813:^
754:^
737:^
653:^
448:.
437:.
397:.
361:.
215:.
184:.
1555:e
1548:t
1541:v
1156:e
1149:t
1142:v
1126:.
1105:.
1062:.
1027:.
1006:.
985:.
929:.
885:.
808:.
787:.
732:.
711:.
690:.
640:.
617:.
545:.
504:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
