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Archaic period (North America)

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160: 4358: 4457: 35: 5110: 5822: 457: 875: 322: 386:), with building continuing over a period of 500 years. Early mound sites such as Frenchman's Bend and Hedgepeth were of this time period; all were constructed by localized societies. Watson Brake is now considered to be the oldest mound complex in the Americas. It precedes that built at 417:, large shell middens that more or less surround open centers, were developed along the coast. These shell rings are numerous in South Carolina and Georgia but are also found scattered around the Florida Peninsula and along the Gulf of Mexico coast as far west as the 1362:
Joe W. Saunders*, Rolfe D. Mandel, Roger T. Saucier, E. Thurman Allen, C. T. Hallmark, Jay K. Johnson, Edwin H. Jackson, Charles M. Allen, Gary L. Stringer, Douglas S. Frink, James K. Feathers, Stephen Williams, Kristen J. Gremillion, Malcolm F. Vidrine, Reca Jones,
405:. Middens developed where the people lived along rivers, but there is limited evidence of Archaic peoples along the coastlines prior to 3000 BC. Archaic sites on the coast may have been inundated by rising sea levels (one site in 15 to 20 feet of water off 1715:
The Pastmasters: Eleven Modern Pioneers of Archaeology: V. Gordon Childe, Stuart Piggott, Charles Phillips, Christopher Hawkes, Seton Lloyd, Robert J. Braidwood, Gordon R. Willey, C.J. Becker, Sigfried J. De Laet, J. Desmond Clark, D.J.
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The Pastmasters: Eleven Modern Pioneers of Archaeology: V. Gordon Childe, Stuart Piggott, Charles Phillips, Christopher Hawkes, Seton Lloyd, Robert J. Braidwood, Gordon R. Willey, C.J. Becker, Sigfried J. De Laet, J. Desmond Clark, D.J.
1135:, starting around 6,500 years ago. During this warm period, forests advanced northward and temperatures were warmer than they were in the late 20th century. It is associated with the northern frontier and transition area between 377:
Since the 1990s, secure dating of multiple Middle Archaic sites in northern Louisiana, Mississippi and Florida has challenged traditional models of development. In these areas, hunter-gatherer societies in the
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Numerous local variations have been identified within the cultural rankings. The period has been subdivided by region and then time. For instance, the
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by nearly 2,000 years (both are in northern Louisiana). More than 100 sites have been identified as associated with the regional
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8000 BC: Sufficient rain falls on the American Southwest to support many large mammal species –
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The prominent Canadian archaeologist J. V. Wright argued in 1976 that the Shield Archaic had emerged from the
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5000 BC: Native Americans in the Pacific Northwest from Alaska to California develop a fishing economy, with
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their dead to give them honor and respect, evidencing deep concern about their treatment and condition.
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People of Sunlight, People of Starlight: Barrenland Archaeology in the Northwest Territories of Canada
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of the Late Archaic period, and it was part of a regional trading network across the Southeast.
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Copper knife, spearpoints, awls, and spud, from the Late Archaic period, Wisconsin, 3000–1000 BC
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Saunders, Joe W. et al. "Watson Brake, a Middle Archaic Mound Complex in Northeast Louisiana"
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organized to build monumental earthwork mound complexes as early as 3500 BC (confirmed at
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and marsh elder. After harvesting these plants, the people grind their seeds into flour.
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from North America. The last archaeological evidence of Independence I is from 1730 BC.
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in Washington State, leaving one of the most complete early Native American skeletons.
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Feasting with Shellfish in the Southern Ohio Valley: Archaic Sacred Sites and Rituals
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Clark, John E.; Gosser, Dennis (1995). Barnett, William K.; Hoopes, John W. (eds.).
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of the Great Lakes area hammers the metal into various tools and ornaments, such as
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tools, ornaments, and utensils traded throughout the Great Plains and Ohio Valley.
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Recent Developments in Southeastern Archaeology: From Colonization to Complexity
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The Shield Archaic was a distinct regional tradition which existed during the
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pottery making was spreading in South America, but had not reached Mesoamerica
401:, starting around 4000 BC, people exploited wetland resources, creating large 34: 7710: 7539: 7524: 7470: 7448: 7345: 7333: 7249: 7118: 7000: 6961: 6949: 6937: 6649: 6560: 6489: 6230: 6173: 6151: 6060: 5992: 5987: 5965: 5711: 5663: 5496: 5416: 5344: 5279: 5264: 5244: 5234: 5219: 5179: 5139: 5099: 5094: 5084: 4599: 4540: 4421: 4053: 3897: 3866: 3834: 3778: 3746: 3585: 3545: 3535: 3530: 3520: 3515: 3450: 3445: 3400: 2964: 2921: 2641: 2636: 2528: 2478: 2473: 2458: 2448: 2443: 2193: 2070: 1882: 1859: 1694: 1555:
Department of the Arts of Africa, Oceania, and the Americas. (October 2003).
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6000 BC: Nomadic hunting bands roam Subarctic Alaska following herds of
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Simplified map of subsistence methods in the Americas at 1000 BC
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3000 BC: Native Americans of the Pacific Northwest begin to exploit
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Gordon, Bryan C. (1996). "Chapter 9: The Shield Archaic Tradition".
1360:"A Mound Complex in Louisiana at 5400–5000 Years Before the Present" 456: 7323: 7259: 7106: 7064: 6799: 6707: 6582: 6404: 6367: 6347: 5658: 5638: 5628: 5481: 5471: 5466: 5324: 5269: 5194: 5184: 4787: 4178: 4028: 3570: 3565: 3455: 3435: 2707: 2671: 2621: 2483: 2268: 1156: 1087: 913: 874: 803: 763: 711: 659: 579: 568: 248:
In the organization of the system, the Archaic period followed the
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of the American Southwest begin cultivating a primitive form of
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3500–3000 BC: Construction of extensive mound complex built at
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of cultural development. The Archaic stage is characterized by
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land bridge, closing the primary migration route from Siberia.
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on Horr's Island have been dated to between 2900 and 2300 BC.
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Sara A. Herr, "The Latest Research on the Earliest Farmers",
1083:, as well as planned settlements on concentric earthen ridges 1049: 924: 912:
begins in the American South; northeastern natives cultivate
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Population history of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas
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A more specific section title is needed for obvious reasons.
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evidence an extensive trade system over several millennia.
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evidence an extensive trade system over several millennia.
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evidence an extensive trade system over several millennia.
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3000 BC: Fishing in the Northwestern Plateau increases.
214:, this date can vary significantly across the Americas. 1443: 1441: 1367:, 19 September 1997: Vol. 277 no. 5333, pp. 1796–1799, 4406: 1151:. However, the Late Shield Archaic phase (3,500–4,450 4334:
Painting in the Americas before European colonization
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Native Americans in the northern Great Lakes produce
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Natives of the Northwestern Plateau begin to rely on
662:-speaking peoples settle in the Northwestern Plateau. 614:
7000 BC: Northeastern peoples depend increasingly on
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wood, bone, or antler. Shield Archaic people hunted
589:
8000 BC: Hunters in the American Southwest use the
481:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1565: 1701: 1336:"Archaic Period, Southeast Archaeological Center" 1263: 1246:Anderson, David G.; Sassaman, Kenneth E. (2012). 311: 233:This classification system was first proposed by 7708: 1245: 198:economies supported through the exploitation of 1823: 1090:speakers arrive in Northwestern Plateau region. 809:4000 BC: Inhabitants of Mesoamerica cultivate 413:appears. During the period 3000 BC to 1000 BC, 16:Period from c. 8000 to 1000 BC in North America 4314:Ceramics of Indigenous peoples of the Americas 4299:Category: Archaeological sites in the Americas 1477:. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian. p. 211. 1309: 1264:Willey, Gordon R. (1989). "Gordon Willey". In 1211:List of archaeological periods (North America) 586:species – that soon go extinct. 5855: 5041: 4392: 2892: 1809: 140: 1398:"Archaic Shell Rings of the Southeast U. S." 190:cultural stages, is a period defined by the 119:List of archaeological periods (Mesoamerica) 1472: 1216:Prehistoric Southwestern cultural divisions 1118:1000 BC: Pottery making widespread in the 835:3500 BC: The largest, oldest drive site at 5869: 5862: 5848: 5048: 5034: 4399: 4385: 2899: 2885: 1816: 1802: 1433:National Park Service Archaeology Program. 147: 133: 4304:Portal:Indigenous peoples of the Americas 2324:Hopewell Culture National Historical Park 1319:Method and Theory in American Archaeology 541:Learn how and when to remove this message 365:Learn how and when to remove this message 243:Method and Theory in American Archaeology 179:, taken to last from around 8000 to 1000 7737:Archaeological cultures of North America 2908:Pre-Columbian civilizations and cultures 1774: 1667: 1560:Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History Essays 1516: 1514: 1383: 1353: 873: 813:(corn) while Peruvian natives cultivate 169:archaeological cultures of North America 158: 1762:. Ontario Archaeological Society: 3–36. 1475:Reinventing Mesoamerica's First Pottery 1259: 1257: 7709: 1744: 1636: 1619: 1607: 1595: 1583: 1571: 1447: 7033: 6672: 5938: 5843: 5029: 4380: 2880: 1797: 1511: 447:Timeline of North American prehistory 7034: 1435:11 Jan 2000 (retrieved 18 June 2011) 1342:from the original on 5 December 2004 1254: 959:Shell ornaments and copper items at 861:Shell ornaments and copper items at 798:Shell ornaments and copper items at 479:adding citations to reliable sources 450: 315: 5792:Bridge of the Gods (geologic event) 3332:Cultures of Pre-Columbian Venezuela 2795:Norse colonization of North America 1673:Archaeology of Precolumbian Florida 1139:and tundra in what is now northern 997:, and on the eastern shores of the 490:"Archaic period" North America 13: 4680: 4408:Indigenous peoples of the Americas 4324:Indigenous cuisine of the Americas 3303:Cultures of Pre-Columbian Colombia 1768: 228: 14: 7783: 6986:Megalithic architectural elements 3315:Cultures of Pre-Columbian Ecuador 3286:Cultures of Pre-Columbian Bolivia 1395: 1126: 781:arises in the American Southwest. 683:5700 BC: Cataclysmic eruption of 641: 292:tradition is subdivided into the 241:in the widely accepted 1958 book 6673: 5820: 5697:Spokane-Coeur d'Alene-Paloos War 5108: 4455: 4356: 3308:Archaeological sites in Colombia 3281:Cultures of Pre-Cabraline Brazil 1557:"Poverty Point (2000–1000 B.C.)" 1103:Indigenous peoples of California 553: 455: 320: 33: 7717:Archaic period in North America 7605:Evolutionary origin of religion 3291:Cultures of Pre-Columbian Chile 2815:Southeastern Ceremonial Complex 1779:. Knoxville: U of Tennessee P. 1651:Canadian Museum of Civilization 1549: 1536: 1466: 1453: 898: complex farming societies 869: 730:Early cultivation of food crops 466:needs additional citations for 1422: 1389: 1328: 1303: 1239: 1206:List of pre-Columbian cultures 1041:become skilled farmers of the 948:3000 BC: Natives speaking the 892: simple farming societies 696:Southwestern Archaic tradition 312:Archaic stage in North America 1: 7218:Art of the Middle Paleolithic 6748:British megalith architecture 5754:Delgamuukw v British Columbia 4235:Spanish Conquest of Guatemala 3296:Archaeological sites in Chile 1629: 1463:Vol. 70, No. 4: 631–668. 2005 1373:10.1126/science.277.5333.1796 1201:Archaic–Early Basketmaker Era 629:7000 BC: Native Americans in 167:In the classification of the 7213:Art of the Upper Paleolithic 6753:Nordic megalith architecture 5827:Pacific Northwest portal 4329:Mesoamerican writing systems 4286: 3325:Archaeological sites in Peru 2780:Mi'kmaq hieroglyphic writing 2730:Eastern Agricultural Complex 1705:(1989). "Gordon Willey". In 1526:Retrieved 28 February 2012. 1232: 1034:and live there until 400 BC. 904:3000 BC: Cultivation of the 837:Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump 649:San Dieguito–Pinto tradition 607:dies along the shore of the 7: 4225:Spanish Conquest of Yucatán 2164:Bandelier National Monument 2038:List of Mississippian sites 1825:Pre-Columbian North America 1677:University Press of Florida 1222:Pre-Columbian South America 1196:Archaeology of the Americas 1189: 987:Arctic Small Tool tradition 927:imported from Mesoamerica; 436: 340:. The specific problem is: 10: 7788: 7361:British Isles and Brittany 7282:Gwion Gwion rock paintings 5106: 4251:Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada 4154:Uaxaclajuun Ubʼaah Kʼawiil 2584:West Oak Forest Earthlodge 2189:The Bluff Point Stoneworks 1898:Ancestral Pueblo (Anasazi) 784:4500 BC: Emergence of the 698:, arises in north-central 655:flourish in the Southwest. 440: 421:. In some places, such as 7563: 7376: 7203: 7050: 7046: 7029: 6915: 6879: 6728: 6685: 6681: 6668: 6475: 6306: 6279: 6204: 6130: 6121: 6026: 5951: 5947: 5939: 5934: 5877: 5810: 5784: 5768: 5733: 5672: 5581: 5545: 5409: 5368: 5117: 5067: 5001: 4928: 4846: 4763: 4754: 4724: 4647: 4617: 4587: 4556: 4549: 4498: 4464: 4453: 4414: 4352: 4294: 4285: 4205: 4128: 4103: 4074: 4049: 4024: 3999: 3974: 3943: 3918: 3893: 3862: 3825: 3800: 3763: 3732: 3707: 3678: 3671: 3666: 3661: 3656: 3654: 3649: 3476:Llanos de Moxos (Bolivia) 3261: 3093: 2950: 2914: 2853: 2825:Three Sisters agriculture 2680: 2612: 2144: 1873: 1831: 1775:Claassen, Cheryl (2010). 1546:23, n. 1 (Winter 2009): 1 1521:"Migration to Greenland." 1161:Killarney Provincial Park 846:in the floodplain of the 407:St. Lucie County, Florida 252:and is superseded by the 27:North American prehistory 5734:Court cases and treaties 4363:Civilizations portal 3320:Cultural periods of Peru 2364:Lehner Mammoth-Kill Site 1923:Buttermilk Creek complex 1675:. Gainesville, Florida: 1530:5 September 2011 at the 1386:, p. 84-85, 90, 95. 1176:Northern Plano tradition 786:Shield Archaic tradition 380:Lower Mississippi Valley 7593:Evolutionary musicology 6996:Oldest extant buildings 6923:Archaeological features 6442:Prepared-core technique 5573:Tseax Lava Bed Memorial 5512:August Jack Khatsahlano 5330:Tsilhqotʼin (Chilcotin) 4257:Hernán Pérez de Quesada 3103:Mesoamerican chronology 2564:Town Creek Indian Mound 2534:Sierra de San Francisco 2389:Meadowcroft Rockshelter 1711:Christopher Chippindale 1270:Christopher Chippindale 966:2888 BC: People of the 676:begin to arrive in the 669:and other game animals. 86:1000 BC – AD 1000 7732:Pre-Columbian cultures 7555:Unchambered long cairn 7403:Mound Builders culture 6736:Neolithic architecture 5871:Prehistoric technology 5797:Reservations in Oregon 5255:Nlaka'pamux (Thompson) 2960:Archaeological periods 2219:Coso Rock Art District 2106:Santa Rosa-Swift Creek 2009:List of Hopewell sites 1745:Storck, P. L. (1974). 1645:. Mercury Series 154. 1428:McManamon, Francis P. 1155:) has sites as far as 1052:cultivation begins in 961:Indian Knoll, Kentucky 954:Northeastern Woodlands 900: 863:Indian Knoll, Kentucky 658:6000 BC: Ancestors of 567:to rise and flood the 399:Southeastern Woodlands 164: 76:1000 BC – AD 500 7230:List of Stone Age art 6432:Microblade technology 6380:Langdale axe industry 5978:Ard / plough 4734:European colonization 4263:List of Conquistadors 4150:Kʼinich Janaabʼ Pakal 3561:Quebrada de Humahuaca 2980:Caddoan Mississippian 2627:Arlington Springs Man 2469:Portsmouth Earthworks 1544:Archaeology Southwest 1323:University of Chicago 1145:Northwest Territories 1061:Poverty Point culture 1030:enter Greenland from 1017:Independence I people 877: 687:in modern-day Oregon. 626:as the climate warms. 441:Further information: 392:Poverty Point culture 162: 7637:Prehistoric medicine 7632:Prehistoric counting 7615:Prehistoric religion 7610:Paleolithic religion 7588:Behavioral modernity 6945:Causewayed enclosure 6837:Abri de la Madeleine 5961:Neolithic Revolution 5457:Randy'L He-dow Teton 5442:Annie Miner Peterson 5295:Stʼatʼimc (Lillooet) 5265:Nuxalk (Bella Coola) 5068:Archaeological sites 4447:Solutrean hypothesis 4230:Francisco de Montejo 4158:Jasaw Chan Kʼawiil I 3271:Andean civilizations 3198:Shaft tomb tradition 2835:Transoceanic contact 2725:Container Revolution 2299:Gila Cliff Dwellings 2264:Etowah Indian Mounds 1653:. pp. 199–218. 1461:American Antiquity . 1095:Intermediate Horizon 1067:features stonework, 950:Algonquian languages 777:5000 BC–200 AD: The 647:6500 BC–200 AD: The 475:improve this article 347:improve this section 336:to meet Knowledge's 7676:Prehistoric warfare 6422:Magdalenian culture 6385:Levallois technique 6316:Earliest toolmaking 5275:Secwépemc (Shuswap) 4833:Trinidad and Tobago 4196:Manco Inca Yupanqui 3501:Manteño-Huancavilca 2970:Ancestral Puebloans 2755:Green Corn Ceremony 2569:Turkey River Mounds 2359:Lake Jackson Mounds 2179:Blue Spring Shelter 1755:Ontario Archaeology 1720:Thames & Hudson 1669:Milanich, Jerald T. 1279:Thames & Hudson 714:, and southeastern 653:Chihuahua tradition 183:in the sequence of 7722:1958 introductions 7627:Origin of language 7620:Spiritual drug use 7530:Rectangular dolmen 7432:Dartmoor kistvaens 7245:Carved stone balls 6957:Circular enclosure 6916:Other architecture 6859:Alp pile dwellings 6447:Solutrean industry 6358:Gravettian culture 6008:Secondary products 5614:'Yalis (Alert Bay) 5582:Towns and villages 5090:Marmes Rockshelter 5057:Indigenous peoples 4993:In popular culture 4744:Columbian exchange 4739:Population history 4465:Mythology/Religion 4319:Columbian exchange 4309:Portal:Mesoamerica 3461:La Tolita (Tumaco) 3276:Indigenous peoples 3015:Hopewell tradition 2942:Indigenous peoples 2840:Underwater panther 2514:Rosenstock Village 2384:Marmes Rockshelter 2369:L'Anse aux Meadows 1707:Glyn Edmund Daniel 1266:Glyn Edmund Daniel 1099:Campbell tradition 1043:American Southwest 1012:emerges in Alaska. 1010:Aleutian tradition 901: 839:, Alberta, Canada. 826:Old Copper complex 748:Old Copper culture 559:8000 BC: The last 294:San Dieguito–Pinto 283:Post-Classic stage 165: 102:Post-Classic stage 66:8000–1000 BC 7772:8th millennium BC 7767:7th millennium BC 7762:6th millennium BC 7757:5th millennium BC 7752:4th millennium BC 7747:3rd millennium BC 7742:2nd millennium BC 7704: 7703: 7700: 7699: 7696: 7695: 7649:Prehistoric music 7598:music archaeology 7255:Cup and ring mark 7080:Clothing/textiles 7025: 7024: 7021: 7020: 6664: 6663: 6660: 6659: 6467:Yubetsu technique 6452:Striking platform 6417:Lithic technology 6302: 6301: 6287:Game drive system 6206:Projectile points 6098:Mortar and pestle 5837: 5836: 5702:Fraser Canyon War 5447:Coquelle Thompson 5205:Kutenai (Ktunaxa) 5061:Pacific Northwest 5023: 5022: 4924: 4923: 4720: 4719: 4643: 4642: 4613: 4612: 4427:Pre-Columbian era 4374: 4373: 4370: 4369: 4344:Pre-Columbian art 4280: 4279: 4274:Francisco Pizarro 4240:Pedro de Alvarado 3556:Pucará de Tilcara 2874: 2873: 2866:Pre-Columbian era 2667:Spirit Cave mummy 2464:Plum Bayou Mounds 2374:Lynch Quarry Site 1893:Ancient Beringian 1786:978-1-5723-3733-6 1703:Willey, Gordon R. 1410:on April 15, 2012 1120:Eastern woodlands 1093:1500 BC–1000 AD: 1039:Cochise tradition 985:2500–800 BC: The 978:, at a time that 968:Stallings culture 921:Cochise tradition 779:Cochise tradition 710:Valley, southern 551: 550: 543: 525: 427:Southwest Florida 375: 374: 367: 338:quality standards 329:This section may 290:Archaic Southwest 266:The Archaic stage 157: 156: 110: 109: 7779: 7727:1950s neologisms 7664:Divje Babe flute 7571:Archaeoastronomy 7314:Petrosomatoglyph 7048: 7047: 7031: 7030: 6880:Water management 6683: 6682: 6670: 6669: 6573:Denticulate tool 6395:Lithic reduction 6128: 6127: 5949: 5948: 5936: 5935: 5864: 5857: 5850: 5841: 5840: 5825: 5824: 5823: 5747:Sohappy v. Smith 5532:Chief Dan George 5427:Sarah Winnemucca 5391:Plateau Penutian 5165:Dakelh (Carrier) 5112: 5050: 5043: 5036: 5027: 5026: 4761: 4760: 4678: 4677: 4554: 4553: 4496: 4495: 4459: 4401: 4394: 4387: 4378: 4377: 4361: 4360: 4359: 4283: 4282: 4269:Spanish Conquest 4246:Spanish Conquest 4221:Spanish Conquest 4210:Spanish Conquest 3652: 3651: 2901: 2894: 2887: 2878: 2877: 2810:Projectile point 2647:Leanderthal Lady 2574:Upward Sun River 2549:Stallings Island 2539:Shell ring sites 2489:Recapture Canyon 2404:Moorehead Circle 2249:El Fin del Mundo 2234:Cueva de la Olla 2040: 2027:Maritime Archaic 2011: 1841: 1818: 1811: 1804: 1795: 1794: 1790: 1763: 1751: 1741: 1698: 1664: 1644: 1623: 1617: 1611: 1605: 1599: 1593: 1587: 1581: 1575: 1569: 1563: 1553: 1547: 1540: 1534: 1524:About Greenland. 1518: 1509: 1508: 1502: 1498: 1496: 1488: 1470: 1464: 1457: 1451: 1445: 1436: 1426: 1420: 1419: 1417: 1415: 1409: 1402: 1396:Russo, Michael. 1393: 1387: 1381: 1375: 1357: 1351: 1350: 1348: 1347: 1332: 1326: 1325: 1315:Phillips, Philip 1307: 1301: 1300: 1261: 1252: 1251: 1243: 1133:climatic optimum 1101:) emerged among 1063:in northeastern 991:Alaska Peninsula 989:develops on the 897: 891: 885:hunter-gatherers 882: 692:Oshara tradition 690:5500 BC–500 AD: 678:Aleutian Islands 596:7500 BC: Early 546: 539: 535: 532: 526: 524: 483: 459: 451: 370: 363: 359: 356: 350: 324: 323: 316: 217:The rest of the 149: 142: 135: 48: 47: 37: 19: 18: 7787: 7786: 7782: 7781: 7780: 7778: 7777: 7776: 7707: 7706: 7705: 7692: 7559: 7545:Stone box grave 7515:Megalithic tomb 7420:Cotswold-Severn 7372: 7277:Guardian stones 7205:Prehistoric art 7199: 7042: 7017: 7006:Timber trackway 6911: 6875: 6871:Wattle and daub 6724: 6703:Standing stones 6677: 6656: 6471: 6298: 6275: 6200: 6117: 6027:Food processing 6022: 5971:New World crops 5943: 5930: 5873: 5868: 5838: 5833: 5821: 5819: 5806: 5780: 5764: 5729: 5707:Puget Sound War 5674:Armed conflicts 5668: 5577: 5558:Cascades Rapids 5541: 5522:Harriet Nahanee 5405: 5364: 5113: 5104: 5075:Bald Point Site 5063: 5054: 5024: 5019: 4997: 4920: 4842: 4756: 4750: 4726: 4716: 4676: 4639: 4609: 4583: 4545: 4494: 4490:Human sacrifice 4478:List of deities 4460: 4451: 4410: 4405: 4375: 4366: 4357: 4355: 4348: 4290: 4281: 4271: 4260: 4254: 4248: 4237: 4233: 4227: 4223: 4212: 4198: 4194: 4190: 4186: 4177: 4173: 4169: 4167:Quemuenchatocha 4165: 4156: 4152: 4143: 4139: 4135: 4096: 3965: 3874: 3848: 3837: 3784:Human Sacrifice 3781: 3773:Human Sacrifice 3770: 3744: 3717:Mayan Languages 3645: 3257: 3089: 2946: 2927:Genetic history 2910: 2905: 2875: 2870: 2861:Genetic history 2849: 2703:Ceremonial pipe 2676: 2657:Minnesota Woman 2614: 2608: 2429:Ocmulgee Mounds 2409:Morrison Mounds 2354:Kolomoki Mounds 2344:Kimball Village 2204:Candelaria Cave 2146: 2140: 2121:Suwannee Valley 2056:Old Cordilleran 2036: 2007: 1875: 1869: 1835: 1827: 1822: 1787: 1771: 1769:Further reading 1766: 1749: 1730: 1687: 1661: 1632: 1627: 1626: 1618: 1614: 1606: 1602: 1594: 1590: 1582: 1578: 1570: 1566: 1554: 1550: 1541: 1537: 1532:Wayback Machine 1519: 1512: 1500: 1499: 1490: 1489: 1485: 1471: 1467: 1458: 1454: 1446: 1439: 1427: 1423: 1413: 1411: 1407: 1400: 1394: 1390: 1382: 1378: 1358: 1354: 1345: 1343: 1334: 1333: 1329: 1308: 1304: 1289: 1262: 1255: 1244: 1240: 1235: 1218:(North America) 1192: 1129: 1081:platform mounds 1079:, conical, and 956:from the south. 899: 895: 893: 889: 887: 880: 872: 828:emerges in the 644: 603:7560—7370 BC: 556: 547: 536: 530: 527: 484: 482: 472: 460: 449: 439: 371: 360: 354: 351: 344: 325: 321: 314: 271:Formative stage 254:Formative stage 239:Philip Phillips 231: 229:Classifications 153: 124: 123: 115: 82:Woodland period 72:Formative stage 45: 17: 12: 11: 5: 7785: 7775: 7774: 7769: 7764: 7759: 7754: 7749: 7744: 7739: 7734: 7729: 7724: 7719: 7702: 7701: 7698: 7697: 7694: 7693: 7691: 7690: 7689: 7688: 7678: 7673: 7672: 7671: 7666: 7661: 7656: 7654:Alligator drum 7646: 7645: 7644: 7634: 7629: 7624: 7623: 7622: 7617: 7612: 7602: 7601: 7600: 7590: 7585: 7584: 7583: 7581:lunar calendar 7578: 7567: 7565: 7564:Other cultural 7561: 7560: 7558: 7557: 7552: 7547: 7542: 7537: 7532: 7527: 7522: 7517: 7512: 7511: 7510: 7505: 7495: 7490: 7485: 7484: 7483: 7478: 7468: 7463: 7462: 7461: 7451: 7446: 7441: 7436: 7435: 7434: 7424: 7423: 7422: 7412: 7411: 7410: 7400: 7399: 7398: 7393: 7382: 7380: 7374: 7373: 7371: 7370: 7368:Venus figurine 7365: 7364: 7363: 7358: 7348: 7343: 7338: 7337: 7336: 7331: 7321: 7316: 7311: 7306: 7301: 7299:Megalithic art 7296: 7295: 7294: 7289: 7279: 7274: 7269: 7268: 7267: 7257: 7252: 7250:Cave paintings 7247: 7242: 7237: 7232: 7227: 7226: 7225: 7215: 7209: 7207: 7201: 7200: 7198: 7197: 7196: 7195: 7190: 7180: 7175: 7170: 7169: 7168: 7163: 7158: 7153: 7148: 7143: 7133: 7128: 7127: 7126: 7116: 7115: 7114: 7109: 7099: 7094: 7089: 7088: 7087: 7077: 7072: 7067: 7062: 7056: 7054: 7052:Material goods 7044: 7043: 7027: 7026: 7023: 7022: 7019: 7018: 7016: 7015: 7014: 7013: 7003: 6998: 6993: 6988: 6983: 6982: 6981: 6971: 6966: 6965: 6964: 6954: 6953: 6952: 6942: 6941: 6940: 6930: 6925: 6919: 6917: 6913: 6912: 6910: 6909: 6904: 6899: 6894: 6889: 6883: 6881: 6877: 6876: 6874: 6873: 6868: 6863: 6862: 6861: 6851: 6846: 6845: 6844: 6839: 6834: 6824: 6819: 6814: 6809: 6808: 6807: 6797: 6792: 6787: 6786: 6785: 6775: 6770: 6768:Cliff dwelling 6765: 6760: 6755: 6750: 6745: 6744: 6743: 6732: 6730: 6726: 6725: 6723: 6722: 6721: 6720: 6715: 6710: 6700: 6695: 6689: 6687: 6679: 6678: 6666: 6665: 6662: 6661: 6658: 6657: 6655: 6654: 6653: 6652: 6642: 6637: 6632: 6627: 6626: 6625: 6615: 6610: 6605: 6600: 6595: 6590: 6585: 6580: 6575: 6570: 6565: 6564: 6563: 6553: 6552: 6551: 6546: 6536: 6531: 6526: 6521: 6520: 6519: 6509: 6504: 6499: 6498: 6497: 6487: 6481: 6479: 6473: 6472: 6470: 6469: 6464: 6459: 6454: 6449: 6444: 6439: 6434: 6429: 6424: 6419: 6414: 6413: 6412: 6407: 6402: 6392: 6387: 6382: 6377: 6376: 6375: 6365: 6360: 6355: 6353:Fire hardening 6350: 6345: 6343:Clovis culture 6340: 6335: 6334: 6333: 6328: 6323: 6312: 6310: 6304: 6303: 6300: 6299: 6297: 6296: 6295: 6294: 6283: 6281: 6277: 6276: 6274: 6273: 6268: 6266:Manis Mastodon 6263: 6258: 6253: 6248: 6243: 6238: 6233: 6228: 6223: 6222: 6221: 6210: 6208: 6202: 6201: 6199: 6198: 6197: 6196: 6191: 6186: 6181: 6176: 6166: 6161: 6160: 6159: 6149: 6148: 6147: 6145:throwing stick 6137: 6131: 6125: 6119: 6118: 6116: 6115: 6110: 6105: 6100: 6095: 6090: 6085: 6084: 6083: 6078: 6068: 6063: 6058: 6053: 6052: 6051: 6041: 6036: 6030: 6028: 6024: 6023: 6021: 6020: 6015: 6010: 6005: 6000: 5995: 5990: 5985: 5980: 5975: 5974: 5973: 5968: 5957: 5955: 5945: 5944: 5932: 5931: 5929: 5928: 5923: 5922: 5921: 5911: 5910: 5909: 5904: 5899: 5894: 5889: 5878: 5875: 5874: 5867: 5866: 5859: 5852: 5844: 5835: 5834: 5832: 5831: 5814: 5812: 5808: 5807: 5805: 5804: 5799: 5794: 5788: 5786: 5782: 5781: 5779: 5778: 5772: 5770: 5769:Current issues 5766: 5765: 5763: 5762: 5760:Nisga'a Treaty 5757: 5750: 5743: 5741:Boldt Decision 5737: 5735: 5731: 5730: 5728: 5727: 5722: 5714: 5709: 5704: 5699: 5694: 5689: 5684: 5678: 5676: 5670: 5669: 5667: 5666: 5661: 5656: 5651: 5646: 5641: 5636: 5631: 5626: 5621: 5616: 5611: 5606: 5601: 5596: 5591: 5585: 5583: 5579: 5578: 5576: 5575: 5570: 5565: 5560: 5555: 5549: 5547: 5543: 5542: 5540: 5539: 5534: 5529: 5524: 5519: 5514: 5509: 5507:Chief Tonasket 5504: 5499: 5494: 5489: 5487:Simon Gunanoot 5484: 5479: 5474: 5472:Chief Concomly 5469: 5464: 5459: 5454: 5449: 5444: 5439: 5434: 5432:Chief Kamiakin 5429: 5424: 5419: 5413: 5411: 5407: 5406: 5404: 5403: 5398: 5393: 5388: 5383: 5378: 5372: 5370: 5366: 5365: 5363: 5362: 5357: 5352: 5347: 5342: 5337: 5332: 5327: 5322: 5317: 5312: 5307: 5302: 5297: 5292: 5287: 5282: 5277: 5272: 5267: 5262: 5260:Nuu-chah-nulth 5257: 5252: 5247: 5242: 5237: 5232: 5227: 5222: 5217: 5212: 5207: 5202: 5197: 5192: 5187: 5182: 5177: 5172: 5167: 5162: 5157: 5155:Coeur d' Alene 5152: 5147: 5142: 5137: 5132: 5127: 5121: 5119: 5115: 5114: 5107: 5105: 5103: 5102: 5097: 5092: 5087: 5082: 5080:Fort Rock Cave 5077: 5071: 5069: 5065: 5064: 5053: 5052: 5045: 5038: 5030: 5021: 5020: 5018: 5017: 5010: 5002: 4999: 4998: 4996: 4995: 4990: 4985: 4980: 4975: 4970: 4965: 4960: 4959: 4958: 4953: 4948: 4943: 4932: 4930: 4929:Related topics 4926: 4925: 4922: 4921: 4919: 4918: 4913: 4908: 4903: 4898: 4893: 4888: 4883: 4878: 4873: 4868: 4863: 4857: 4855: 4844: 4843: 4841: 4840: 4835: 4830: 4825: 4820: 4815: 4810: 4805: 4800: 4795: 4790: 4785: 4780: 4775: 4769: 4767: 4758: 4752: 4751: 4749: 4748: 4747: 4746: 4741: 4730: 4728: 4722: 4721: 4718: 4717: 4715: 4714: 4709: 4704: 4703: 4702: 4692: 4686: 4684: 4675: 4674: 4669: 4664: 4659: 4653: 4651: 4645: 4644: 4641: 4640: 4638: 4637: 4632: 4627: 4621: 4619: 4615: 4614: 4611: 4610: 4608: 4607: 4602: 4597: 4591: 4589: 4585: 4584: 4582: 4581: 4576: 4571: 4566: 4560: 4558: 4551: 4547: 4546: 4544: 4543: 4538: 4533: 4528: 4526:Medicine wheel 4523: 4518: 4513: 4508: 4502: 4500: 4493: 4492: 4487: 4482: 4481: 4480: 4468: 4466: 4462: 4461: 4454: 4452: 4450: 4449: 4444: 4439: 4434: 4432:Classification 4429: 4424: 4418: 4416: 4412: 4411: 4404: 4403: 4396: 4389: 4381: 4372: 4371: 4368: 4367: 4353: 4350: 4349: 4347: 4346: 4341: 4336: 4331: 4326: 4321: 4316: 4311: 4306: 4301: 4295: 4292: 4291: 4278: 4277: 4266: 4243: 4218: 4207: 4203: 4202: 4181: 4160: 4147: 4130: 4129:Notable Rulers 4126: 4125: 4120: 4115: 4110: 4105: 4101: 4100: 4098:Neo-Inca State 4091: 4086: 4081: 4076: 4072: 4071: 4066: 4061: 4056: 4051: 4047: 4046: 4041: 4036: 4031: 4026: 4022: 4021: 4016: 4011: 4006: 4001: 3997: 3996: 3991: 3986: 3981: 3976: 3972: 3971: 3960: 3955: 3950: 3945: 3941: 3940: 3935: 3930: 3925: 3920: 3916: 3915: 3910: 3905: 3900: 3895: 3891: 3890: 3885: 3880: 3869: 3864: 3860: 3859: 3854: 3843: 3832: 3827: 3823: 3822: 3817: 3812: 3807: 3802: 3798: 3797: 3792: 3787: 3776: 3765: 3761: 3760: 3755: 3750: 3739: 3734: 3730: 3729: 3724: 3719: 3714: 3709: 3705: 3704: 3699: 3690: 3685: 3680: 3676: 3675: 3670: 3665: 3660: 3655: 3650: 3647: 3646: 3644: 3643: 3638: 3633: 3628: 3623: 3618: 3613: 3608: 3603: 3598: 3593: 3588: 3583: 3578: 3573: 3568: 3563: 3558: 3553: 3548: 3543: 3538: 3533: 3528: 3523: 3518: 3513: 3508: 3503: 3498: 3493: 3488: 3483: 3478: 3473: 3468: 3463: 3458: 3453: 3448: 3443: 3438: 3433: 3428: 3423: 3418: 3413: 3408: 3403: 3398: 3393: 3388: 3383: 3378: 3369: 3364: 3359: 3354: 3349: 3344: 3339: 3334: 3329: 3328: 3327: 3317: 3312: 3311: 3310: 3300: 3299: 3298: 3288: 3283: 3278: 3273: 3267: 3265: 3259: 3258: 3256: 3255: 3250: 3245: 3240: 3235: 3230: 3225: 3220: 3215: 3210: 3205: 3200: 3195: 3190: 3185: 3180: 3175: 3170: 3165: 3160: 3155: 3150: 3145: 3140: 3135: 3130: 3125: 3120: 3115: 3110: 3105: 3099: 3097: 3091: 3090: 3088: 3087: 3082: 3077: 3072: 3067: 3062: 3057: 3052: 3047: 3042: 3037: 3032: 3027: 3022: 3017: 3012: 3007: 3002: 2997: 2992: 2987: 2982: 2977: 2972: 2967: 2962: 2956: 2954: 2948: 2947: 2945: 2944: 2939: 2934: 2929: 2924: 2918: 2916: 2912: 2911: 2904: 2903: 2896: 2889: 2881: 2872: 2871: 2869: 2868: 2863: 2858: 2854: 2851: 2850: 2848: 2847: 2842: 2837: 2832: 2827: 2822: 2817: 2812: 2807: 2802: 2797: 2792: 2787: 2785:Mound Builders 2782: 2777: 2772: 2770:Medicine wheel 2767: 2762: 2760:Horned Serpent 2757: 2752: 2747: 2742: 2737: 2732: 2727: 2722: 2717: 2712: 2711: 2710: 2700: 2695: 2690: 2684: 2682: 2678: 2677: 2675: 2674: 2669: 2664: 2659: 2654: 2649: 2644: 2639: 2634: 2629: 2624: 2618: 2616: 2610: 2609: 2607: 2606: 2601: 2596: 2591: 2586: 2581: 2576: 2571: 2566: 2561: 2556: 2551: 2546: 2541: 2536: 2531: 2526: 2521: 2516: 2511: 2506: 2501: 2499:Roberts Island 2496: 2491: 2486: 2481: 2476: 2471: 2466: 2461: 2456: 2451: 2446: 2441: 2436: 2434:Old Stone Fort 2431: 2426: 2421: 2416: 2411: 2406: 2401: 2399:Moaning Cavern 2396: 2391: 2386: 2381: 2376: 2371: 2366: 2361: 2356: 2351: 2349:Kincaid Mounds 2346: 2341: 2336: 2331: 2326: 2321: 2316: 2311: 2306: 2301: 2296: 2291: 2286: 2281: 2276: 2271: 2266: 2261: 2256: 2251: 2246: 2241: 2236: 2231: 2229:Cuarenta Casas 2226: 2221: 2216: 2211: 2206: 2201: 2196: 2191: 2186: 2184:Bluefish Caves 2181: 2176: 2171: 2166: 2161: 2156: 2150: 2148: 2145:Archaeological 2142: 2141: 2139: 2138: 2133: 2128: 2123: 2118: 2113: 2108: 2103: 2098: 2093: 2088: 2083: 2078: 2073: 2068: 2063: 2058: 2053: 2048: 2043: 2042: 2041: 2029: 2024: 2019: 2014: 2013: 2012: 2000: 1995: 1990: 1985: 1980: 1975: 1970: 1965: 1960: 1955: 1950: 1945: 1943:Caloosahatchee 1940: 1935: 1930: 1928:Caborn-Welborn 1925: 1920: 1915: 1910: 1905: 1900: 1895: 1890: 1885: 1879: 1877: 1874:Archaeological 1871: 1870: 1868: 1867: 1862: 1857: 1852: 1847: 1842: 1832: 1829: 1828: 1821: 1820: 1813: 1806: 1798: 1792: 1791: 1785: 1770: 1767: 1765: 1764: 1742: 1728: 1699: 1686:978-0813012735 1685: 1665: 1659: 1633: 1631: 1628: 1625: 1624: 1622:, p. 200. 1612: 1610:, p. 215. 1600: 1598:, p. 208. 1588: 1586:, p. 201. 1576: 1564: 1548: 1535: 1510: 1483: 1465: 1452: 1450:, p. 199. 1437: 1421: 1388: 1376: 1352: 1327: 1311:Willey, Gordon 1302: 1287: 1253: 1237: 1236: 1234: 1231: 1230: 1229: 1224: 1219: 1213: 1208: 1203: 1198: 1191: 1188: 1149:Lake Athabasca 1128: 1127:Shield Archaic 1125: 1124: 1123: 1116: 1105: 1091: 1084: 1059:2000–1000 BC: 1057: 1046: 1037:2500 BC: The 1035: 1024: 1013: 1008:2500–1800 BC: 1006: 983: 972:Savannah River 964: 957: 952:arrive in the 946: 943: 936: 919:3000 BC: The 917: 894: 888: 879: 871: 868: 867: 866: 859: 848:Ouachita River 840: 833: 824:4000–1000 BC: 822: 807: 796: 789: 782: 775: 744: 737: 726: 719: 704:San Juan Basin 688: 681: 670: 663: 656: 643: 642:Middle Archaic 640: 639: 638: 631:Lahontan Basin 627: 612: 609:Columbia River 601: 594: 587: 572: 563:ends, causing 561:glacial period 555: 552: 549: 548: 531:September 2018 463: 461: 454: 438: 435: 373: 372: 328: 326: 319: 313: 310: 286: 285: 279: 273: 267: 264: 230: 227: 223:Archaic Period 185:North American 173:Archaic period 155: 154: 152: 151: 144: 137: 129: 126: 125: 122: 121: 111: 108: 107: 104: 98: 97: 94: 88: 87: 84: 78: 77: 74: 68: 67: 64: 62:Archaic period 58: 57: 56:before 8500 BC 54: 46: 43: 42: 39: 38: 30: 29: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7784: 7773: 7770: 7768: 7765: 7763: 7760: 7758: 7755: 7753: 7750: 7748: 7745: 7743: 7740: 7738: 7735: 7733: 7730: 7728: 7725: 7723: 7720: 7718: 7715: 7714: 7712: 7687: 7684: 7683: 7682: 7679: 7677: 7674: 7670: 7667: 7665: 7662: 7660: 7657: 7655: 7652: 7651: 7650: 7647: 7643: 7640: 7639: 7638: 7635: 7633: 7630: 7628: 7625: 7621: 7618: 7616: 7613: 7611: 7608: 7607: 7606: 7603: 7599: 7596: 7595: 7594: 7591: 7589: 7586: 7582: 7579: 7577: 7574: 7573: 7572: 7569: 7568: 7566: 7562: 7556: 7553: 7551: 7548: 7546: 7543: 7541: 7540:Simple dolmen 7538: 7536: 7533: 7531: 7528: 7526: 7525:Passage grave 7523: 7521: 7518: 7516: 7513: 7509: 7506: 7504: 7501: 7500: 7499: 7496: 7494: 7491: 7489: 7486: 7482: 7479: 7477: 7474: 7473: 7472: 7471:Gallery grave 7469: 7467: 7464: 7460: 7457: 7456: 7455: 7452: 7450: 7447: 7445: 7442: 7440: 7437: 7433: 7430: 7429: 7428: 7425: 7421: 7418: 7417: 7416: 7413: 7409: 7406: 7405: 7404: 7401: 7397: 7394: 7392: 7389: 7388: 7387: 7386:Burial mounds 7384: 7383: 7381: 7379: 7375: 7369: 7366: 7362: 7359: 7357: 7354: 7353: 7352: 7349: 7347: 7346:Statue menhir 7344: 7342: 7339: 7335: 7334:Stone carving 7332: 7330: 7327: 7326: 7325: 7322: 7320: 7317: 7315: 7312: 7310: 7307: 7305: 7302: 7300: 7297: 7293: 7290: 7288: 7285: 7284: 7283: 7280: 7278: 7275: 7273: 7270: 7266: 7263: 7262: 7261: 7258: 7256: 7253: 7251: 7248: 7246: 7243: 7241: 7238: 7236: 7233: 7231: 7228: 7224: 7221: 7220: 7219: 7216: 7214: 7211: 7210: 7208: 7206: 7202: 7194: 7191: 7189: 7186: 7185: 7184: 7181: 7179: 7176: 7174: 7173:Sewing needle 7171: 7167: 7164: 7162: 7159: 7157: 7154: 7152: 7149: 7147: 7144: 7142: 7139: 7138: 7137: 7134: 7132: 7129: 7125: 7122: 7121: 7120: 7117: 7113: 7110: 7108: 7105: 7104: 7103: 7100: 7098: 7095: 7093: 7090: 7086: 7083: 7082: 7081: 7078: 7076: 7073: 7071: 7068: 7066: 7063: 7061: 7058: 7057: 7055: 7053: 7049: 7045: 7041: 7037: 7032: 7028: 7012: 7009: 7008: 7007: 7004: 7002: 7001:Timber circle 6999: 6997: 6994: 6992: 6989: 6987: 6984: 6980: 6977: 6976: 6975: 6972: 6970: 6967: 6963: 6960: 6959: 6958: 6955: 6951: 6950:Tor enclosure 6948: 6947: 6946: 6943: 6939: 6938:fulacht fiadh 6936: 6935: 6934: 6931: 6929: 6926: 6924: 6921: 6920: 6918: 6914: 6908: 6905: 6903: 6900: 6898: 6895: 6893: 6890: 6888: 6885: 6884: 6882: 6878: 6872: 6869: 6867: 6864: 6860: 6857: 6856: 6855: 6852: 6850: 6847: 6843: 6840: 6838: 6835: 6833: 6830: 6829: 6828: 6825: 6823: 6820: 6818: 6815: 6813: 6810: 6806: 6803: 6802: 6801: 6798: 6796: 6793: 6791: 6788: 6784: 6781: 6780: 6779: 6776: 6774: 6771: 6769: 6766: 6764: 6761: 6759: 6756: 6754: 6751: 6749: 6746: 6742: 6739: 6738: 6737: 6734: 6733: 6731: 6727: 6719: 6716: 6714: 6711: 6709: 6706: 6705: 6704: 6701: 6699: 6696: 6694: 6691: 6690: 6688: 6684: 6680: 6676: 6671: 6667: 6651: 6648: 6647: 6646: 6643: 6641: 6638: 6636: 6633: 6631: 6628: 6624: 6621: 6620: 6619: 6616: 6614: 6611: 6609: 6606: 6604: 6601: 6599: 6596: 6594: 6591: 6589: 6586: 6584: 6581: 6579: 6576: 6574: 6571: 6569: 6566: 6562: 6559: 6558: 6557: 6554: 6550: 6547: 6545: 6542: 6541: 6540: 6537: 6535: 6532: 6530: 6527: 6525: 6522: 6518: 6515: 6514: 6513: 6510: 6508: 6505: 6503: 6500: 6496: 6493: 6492: 6491: 6488: 6486: 6483: 6482: 6480: 6478: 6474: 6468: 6465: 6463: 6460: 6458: 6455: 6453: 6450: 6448: 6445: 6443: 6440: 6438: 6435: 6433: 6430: 6428: 6425: 6423: 6420: 6418: 6415: 6411: 6408: 6406: 6403: 6401: 6398: 6397: 6396: 6393: 6391: 6388: 6386: 6383: 6381: 6378: 6374: 6371: 6370: 6369: 6366: 6364: 6361: 6359: 6356: 6354: 6351: 6349: 6346: 6344: 6341: 6339: 6336: 6332: 6329: 6327: 6324: 6322: 6319: 6318: 6317: 6314: 6313: 6311: 6309: 6305: 6293: 6290: 6289: 6288: 6285: 6284: 6282: 6278: 6272: 6269: 6267: 6264: 6262: 6259: 6257: 6254: 6252: 6249: 6247: 6244: 6242: 6239: 6237: 6234: 6232: 6229: 6227: 6224: 6220: 6217: 6216: 6215: 6212: 6211: 6209: 6207: 6203: 6195: 6192: 6190: 6187: 6185: 6182: 6180: 6177: 6175: 6174:spear-thrower 6172: 6171: 6170: 6167: 6165: 6162: 6158: 6155: 6154: 6153: 6152:Bow and arrow 6150: 6146: 6143: 6142: 6141: 6138: 6136: 6133: 6132: 6129: 6126: 6124: 6120: 6114: 6111: 6109: 6106: 6104: 6101: 6099: 6096: 6094: 6091: 6089: 6086: 6082: 6079: 6077: 6074: 6073: 6072: 6069: 6067: 6064: 6062: 6061:Grinding slab 6059: 6057: 6054: 6050: 6047: 6046: 6045: 6042: 6040: 6037: 6035: 6032: 6031: 6029: 6025: 6019: 6016: 6014: 6011: 6009: 6006: 6004: 6001: 5999: 5996: 5994: 5993:Domestication 5991: 5989: 5988:Digging stick 5986: 5984: 5981: 5979: 5976: 5972: 5969: 5967: 5966:Founder crops 5964: 5963: 5962: 5959: 5958: 5956: 5954: 5950: 5946: 5942: 5937: 5933: 5927: 5924: 5920: 5917: 5916: 5915: 5912: 5908: 5907:New Stone Age 5905: 5903: 5900: 5898: 5895: 5893: 5890: 5888: 5885: 5884: 5883: 5880: 5879: 5876: 5872: 5865: 5860: 5858: 5853: 5851: 5846: 5845: 5842: 5830: 5829: 5828: 5816: 5815: 5813: 5809: 5803: 5800: 5798: 5795: 5793: 5790: 5789: 5787: 5785:Miscellaneous 5783: 5777: 5774: 5773: 5771: 5767: 5761: 5758: 5756: 5755: 5751: 5749: 5748: 5744: 5742: 5739: 5738: 5736: 5732: 5726: 5723: 5721: 5719: 5715: 5713: 5712:Chilcotin War 5710: 5708: 5705: 5703: 5700: 5698: 5695: 5693: 5690: 5688: 5685: 5683: 5680: 5679: 5677: 5675: 5671: 5665: 5664:Old Man House 5662: 5660: 5657: 5655: 5652: 5650: 5647: 5645: 5644:X̱wemelch'stn 5642: 5640: 5637: 5635: 5632: 5630: 5627: 5625: 5622: 5620: 5619:Lax Kw'alaams 5617: 5615: 5612: 5610: 5607: 5605: 5602: 5600: 5597: 5595: 5592: 5590: 5587: 5586: 5584: 5580: 5574: 5571: 5569: 5566: 5564: 5561: 5559: 5556: 5554: 5551: 5550: 5548: 5544: 5538: 5535: 5533: 5530: 5528: 5525: 5523: 5520: 5518: 5515: 5513: 5510: 5508: 5505: 5503: 5500: 5498: 5495: 5493: 5490: 5488: 5485: 5483: 5480: 5478: 5475: 5473: 5470: 5468: 5465: 5463: 5460: 5458: 5455: 5453: 5450: 5448: 5445: 5443: 5440: 5438: 5435: 5433: 5430: 5428: 5425: 5423: 5420: 5418: 5417:Spokane Garry 5415: 5414: 5412: 5408: 5402: 5399: 5397: 5394: 5392: 5389: 5387: 5384: 5382: 5379: 5377: 5374: 5373: 5371: 5367: 5361: 5358: 5356: 5353: 5351: 5348: 5346: 5343: 5341: 5338: 5336: 5333: 5331: 5328: 5326: 5323: 5321: 5318: 5316: 5313: 5311: 5308: 5306: 5303: 5301: 5298: 5296: 5293: 5291: 5290:Sinixt (Lake) 5288: 5286: 5283: 5281: 5278: 5276: 5273: 5271: 5268: 5266: 5263: 5261: 5258: 5256: 5253: 5251: 5248: 5246: 5243: 5241: 5238: 5236: 5233: 5231: 5228: 5226: 5223: 5221: 5218: 5216: 5213: 5211: 5210:Kwakwakaʼwakw 5208: 5206: 5203: 5201: 5198: 5196: 5193: 5191: 5188: 5186: 5183: 5181: 5178: 5176: 5173: 5171: 5168: 5166: 5163: 5161: 5158: 5156: 5153: 5151: 5148: 5146: 5143: 5141: 5138: 5136: 5133: 5131: 5128: 5126: 5123: 5122: 5120: 5116: 5111: 5101: 5098: 5096: 5095:Paisley Caves 5093: 5091: 5088: 5086: 5085:Kennewick Man 5083: 5081: 5078: 5076: 5073: 5072: 5070: 5066: 5062: 5058: 5051: 5046: 5044: 5039: 5037: 5032: 5031: 5028: 5016: 5015: 5011: 5009: 5008: 5004: 5003: 5000: 4994: 4991: 4989: 4986: 4984: 4981: 4979: 4976: 4974: 4971: 4969: 4966: 4964: 4961: 4957: 4954: 4952: 4949: 4947: 4944: 4942: 4939: 4938: 4937: 4934: 4933: 4931: 4927: 4917: 4914: 4912: 4909: 4907: 4904: 4902: 4899: 4897: 4894: 4892: 4889: 4887: 4884: 4882: 4879: 4877: 4874: 4872: 4869: 4867: 4864: 4862: 4859: 4858: 4856: 4853: 4849: 4848:South America 4845: 4839: 4838:United States 4836: 4834: 4831: 4829: 4826: 4824: 4821: 4819: 4816: 4814: 4811: 4809: 4806: 4804: 4801: 4799: 4796: 4794: 4791: 4789: 4786: 4784: 4781: 4779: 4776: 4774: 4771: 4770: 4768: 4766: 4765:North America 4762: 4759: 4755:Modern groups 4753: 4745: 4742: 4740: 4737: 4736: 4735: 4732: 4731: 4729: 4723: 4713: 4710: 4708: 4705: 4701: 4698: 4697: 4696: 4693: 4691: 4688: 4687: 4685: 4683: 4679: 4673: 4670: 4668: 4665: 4663: 4660: 4658: 4655: 4654: 4652: 4650: 4646: 4636: 4633: 4631: 4628: 4626: 4623: 4622: 4620: 4618:South America 4616: 4606: 4603: 4601: 4598: 4596: 4593: 4592: 4590: 4586: 4580: 4577: 4575: 4572: 4570: 4567: 4565: 4562: 4561: 4559: 4555: 4552: 4548: 4542: 4541:Turtle Island 4539: 4537: 4534: 4532: 4529: 4527: 4524: 4522: 4519: 4517: 4514: 4512: 4509: 4507: 4504: 4503: 4501: 4499:North America 4497: 4491: 4488: 4486: 4483: 4479: 4476: 4475: 4473: 4470: 4469: 4467: 4463: 4458: 4448: 4445: 4443: 4440: 4438: 4435: 4433: 4430: 4428: 4425: 4423: 4422:Paleo-Indians 4420: 4419: 4417: 4413: 4409: 4402: 4397: 4395: 4390: 4388: 4383: 4382: 4379: 4365: 4364: 4351: 4345: 4342: 4340: 4337: 4335: 4332: 4330: 4327: 4325: 4322: 4320: 4317: 4315: 4312: 4310: 4307: 4305: 4302: 4300: 4297: 4296: 4293: 4289: 4284: 4275: 4270: 4267: 4264: 4258: 4252: 4247: 4244: 4241: 4236: 4231: 4226: 4222: 4219: 4216: 4215:Hernán Cortés 4211: 4208: 4204: 4201: 4197: 4193: 4189: 4185: 4182: 4180: 4176: 4172: 4168: 4164: 4161: 4159: 4155: 4151: 4148: 4146: 4142: 4138: 4134: 4131: 4127: 4124: 4121: 4119: 4116: 4114: 4111: 4109: 4106: 4102: 4099: 4095: 4092: 4090: 4087: 4085: 4082: 4080: 4077: 4073: 4070: 4067: 4065: 4062: 4060: 4057: 4055: 4052: 4048: 4045: 4042: 4040: 4037: 4035: 4032: 4030: 4027: 4023: 4020: 4017: 4015: 4012: 4010: 4007: 4005: 4002: 3998: 3995: 3992: 3990: 3987: 3985: 3982: 3980: 3977: 3973: 3969: 3964: 3961: 3959: 3956: 3954: 3951: 3949: 3946: 3942: 3939: 3936: 3934: 3931: 3929: 3926: 3924: 3921: 3917: 3914: 3911: 3909: 3906: 3904: 3901: 3899: 3896: 3892: 3889: 3886: 3884: 3881: 3878: 3873: 3870: 3868: 3865: 3861: 3858: 3855: 3852: 3847: 3844: 3841: 3836: 3833: 3831: 3828: 3824: 3821: 3818: 3816: 3813: 3811: 3808: 3806: 3803: 3799: 3796: 3793: 3791: 3788: 3785: 3780: 3777: 3774: 3769: 3766: 3762: 3759: 3756: 3754: 3751: 3748: 3743: 3740: 3738: 3735: 3731: 3728: 3725: 3723: 3720: 3718: 3715: 3713: 3710: 3706: 3703: 3700: 3698: 3694: 3691: 3689: 3686: 3684: 3681: 3677: 3674: 3669: 3664: 3659: 3653: 3648: 3642: 3639: 3637: 3634: 3632: 3629: 3627: 3624: 3622: 3619: 3617: 3614: 3612: 3609: 3607: 3604: 3602: 3599: 3597: 3594: 3592: 3589: 3587: 3584: 3582: 3579: 3577: 3574: 3572: 3569: 3567: 3564: 3562: 3559: 3557: 3554: 3552: 3549: 3547: 3544: 3542: 3539: 3537: 3534: 3532: 3529: 3527: 3524: 3522: 3519: 3517: 3514: 3512: 3509: 3507: 3504: 3502: 3499: 3497: 3494: 3492: 3489: 3487: 3484: 3482: 3479: 3477: 3474: 3472: 3469: 3467: 3464: 3462: 3459: 3457: 3454: 3452: 3449: 3447: 3444: 3442: 3439: 3437: 3434: 3432: 3429: 3427: 3424: 3422: 3419: 3417: 3414: 3412: 3409: 3407: 3404: 3402: 3399: 3397: 3394: 3392: 3389: 3387: 3384: 3382: 3379: 3377: 3373: 3370: 3368: 3365: 3363: 3360: 3358: 3355: 3353: 3350: 3348: 3345: 3343: 3340: 3338: 3335: 3333: 3330: 3326: 3323: 3322: 3321: 3318: 3316: 3313: 3309: 3306: 3305: 3304: 3301: 3297: 3294: 3293: 3292: 3289: 3287: 3284: 3282: 3279: 3277: 3274: 3272: 3269: 3268: 3266: 3264: 3263:South America 3260: 3254: 3251: 3249: 3246: 3244: 3241: 3239: 3236: 3234: 3231: 3229: 3226: 3224: 3221: 3219: 3216: 3214: 3211: 3209: 3206: 3204: 3201: 3199: 3196: 3194: 3191: 3189: 3186: 3184: 3181: 3179: 3176: 3174: 3171: 3169: 3166: 3164: 3161: 3159: 3156: 3154: 3151: 3149: 3146: 3144: 3141: 3139: 3136: 3134: 3131: 3129: 3126: 3124: 3121: 3119: 3116: 3114: 3111: 3109: 3106: 3104: 3101: 3100: 3098: 3096: 3092: 3086: 3085:Weeden Island 3083: 3081: 3078: 3076: 3073: 3071: 3068: 3066: 3063: 3061: 3060:Poverty Point 3058: 3056: 3053: 3051: 3048: 3046: 3043: 3041: 3038: 3036: 3033: 3031: 3028: 3026: 3025:Mississippian 3023: 3021: 3018: 3016: 3013: 3011: 3008: 3006: 3003: 3001: 2998: 2996: 2993: 2991: 2988: 2986: 2983: 2981: 2978: 2976: 2973: 2971: 2968: 2966: 2963: 2961: 2958: 2957: 2955: 2953: 2952:North America 2949: 2943: 2940: 2938: 2935: 2933: 2930: 2928: 2925: 2923: 2922:Paleo-Indians 2920: 2919: 2917: 2913: 2909: 2902: 2897: 2895: 2890: 2888: 2883: 2882: 2879: 2867: 2864: 2862: 2859: 2856: 2855: 2852: 2846: 2843: 2841: 2838: 2836: 2833: 2831: 2828: 2826: 2823: 2821: 2818: 2816: 2813: 2811: 2808: 2806: 2803: 2801: 2798: 2796: 2793: 2791: 2788: 2786: 2783: 2781: 2778: 2776: 2773: 2771: 2768: 2766: 2763: 2761: 2758: 2756: 2753: 2751: 2748: 2746: 2745:Falcon dancer 2743: 2741: 2738: 2736: 2733: 2731: 2728: 2726: 2723: 2721: 2718: 2716: 2713: 2709: 2706: 2705: 2704: 2701: 2699: 2696: 2694: 2691: 2689: 2686: 2685: 2683: 2681:Miscellaneous 2679: 2673: 2670: 2668: 2665: 2663: 2660: 2658: 2655: 2653: 2652:Melbourne Man 2650: 2648: 2645: 2643: 2642:La Brea Woman 2640: 2638: 2637:Kennewick Man 2635: 2633: 2630: 2628: 2625: 2623: 2620: 2619: 2617: 2611: 2605: 2602: 2600: 2597: 2595: 2592: 2590: 2587: 2585: 2582: 2580: 2577: 2575: 2572: 2570: 2567: 2565: 2562: 2560: 2557: 2555: 2552: 2550: 2547: 2545: 2542: 2540: 2537: 2535: 2532: 2530: 2529:Serpent Mound 2527: 2525: 2522: 2520: 2517: 2515: 2512: 2510: 2507: 2505: 2502: 2500: 2497: 2495: 2492: 2490: 2487: 2485: 2482: 2480: 2479:Pueblo Bonito 2477: 2475: 2474:Poverty Point 2472: 2470: 2467: 2465: 2462: 2460: 2459:Pinson Mounds 2457: 2455: 2452: 2450: 2449:Painted Bluff 2447: 2445: 2442: 2440: 2437: 2435: 2432: 2430: 2427: 2425: 2422: 2420: 2417: 2415: 2412: 2410: 2407: 2405: 2402: 2400: 2397: 2395: 2392: 2390: 2387: 2385: 2382: 2380: 2377: 2375: 2372: 2370: 2367: 2365: 2362: 2360: 2357: 2355: 2352: 2350: 2347: 2345: 2342: 2340: 2337: 2335: 2332: 2330: 2329:Horr's Island 2327: 2325: 2322: 2320: 2317: 2315: 2312: 2310: 2307: 2305: 2302: 2300: 2297: 2295: 2292: 2290: 2287: 2285: 2282: 2280: 2277: 2275: 2272: 2270: 2267: 2265: 2262: 2260: 2259:Effigy Mounds 2257: 2255: 2252: 2250: 2247: 2245: 2242: 2240: 2237: 2235: 2232: 2230: 2227: 2225: 2224:Crystal River 2222: 2220: 2217: 2215: 2212: 2210: 2207: 2205: 2202: 2200: 2197: 2195: 2192: 2190: 2187: 2185: 2182: 2180: 2177: 2175: 2172: 2170: 2167: 2165: 2162: 2160: 2157: 2155: 2152: 2151: 2149: 2143: 2137: 2136:Weeden Island 2134: 2132: 2129: 2127: 2124: 2122: 2119: 2117: 2114: 2112: 2109: 2107: 2104: 2102: 2101:Safety Harbor 2099: 2097: 2094: 2092: 2091:Poverty Point 2089: 2087: 2084: 2082: 2079: 2077: 2074: 2072: 2071:Paleo-Indians 2069: 2067: 2064: 2062: 2059: 2057: 2054: 2052: 2049: 2047: 2044: 2039: 2035: 2034: 2033: 2032:Mississippian 2030: 2028: 2025: 2023: 2020: 2018: 2015: 2010: 2006: 2005: 2004: 2001: 1999: 1996: 1994: 1991: 1989: 1986: 1984: 1981: 1979: 1976: 1974: 1971: 1969: 1966: 1964: 1961: 1959: 1956: 1954: 1951: 1949: 1946: 1944: 1941: 1939: 1936: 1934: 1931: 1929: 1926: 1924: 1921: 1919: 1916: 1914: 1911: 1909: 1906: 1904: 1901: 1899: 1896: 1894: 1891: 1889: 1886: 1884: 1881: 1880: 1878: 1872: 1866: 1863: 1861: 1858: 1856: 1853: 1851: 1848: 1846: 1843: 1840: 1839: 1834: 1833: 1830: 1826: 1819: 1814: 1812: 1807: 1805: 1800: 1799: 1796: 1788: 1782: 1778: 1773: 1772: 1761: 1757: 1756: 1748: 1743: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1729:0-500-05051-1 1725: 1721: 1717: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1688: 1682: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1660:0-660-15963-5 1656: 1652: 1648: 1643: 1642: 1635: 1634: 1621: 1616: 1609: 1604: 1597: 1592: 1585: 1580: 1573: 1568: 1561: 1558: 1552: 1545: 1539: 1533: 1529: 1525: 1522: 1517: 1515: 1506: 1494: 1486: 1484:1-56098-516-X 1480: 1476: 1469: 1462: 1456: 1449: 1444: 1442: 1434: 1431: 1425: 1406: 1399: 1392: 1385: 1384:Milanich 1994 1380: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1361: 1356: 1341: 1337: 1331: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1306: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1288:0-500-05051-1 1284: 1280: 1276: 1271: 1267: 1260: 1258: 1249: 1242: 1238: 1228: 1225: 1223: 1220: 1217: 1214: 1212: 1209: 1207: 1204: 1202: 1199: 1197: 1194: 1193: 1187: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1172: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1137:boreal forest 1134: 1121: 1117: 1114: 1110: 1106: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1089: 1085: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1069:flintknapping 1066: 1062: 1058: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1033: 1029: 1028:Saqqaq people 1025: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1011: 1007: 1004: 1000: 999:Bering Strait 996: 992: 988: 984: 981: 977: 974:begin making 973: 969: 965: 962: 958: 955: 951: 947: 944: 941: 937: 935:follow later. 934: 930: 926: 922: 918: 915: 911: 907: 903: 902: 886: 876: 864: 860: 857: 853: 849: 845: 841: 838: 834: 831: 827: 823: 820: 816: 812: 808: 805: 801: 797: 794: 790: 787: 783: 780: 776: 773: 769: 765: 761: 757: 753: 749: 746:5000 BC: The 745: 742: 738: 735: 731: 727: 724: 720: 717: 713: 709: 705: 701: 697: 693: 689: 686: 682: 679: 675: 671: 668: 664: 661: 657: 654: 650: 646: 645: 636: 632: 628: 625: 621: 617: 613: 610: 606: 605:Kennewick Man 602: 599: 595: 592: 588: 585: 581: 577: 573: 570: 566: 562: 558: 557: 554:Early Archaic 545: 542: 534: 523: 520: 516: 513: 509: 506: 502: 499: 495: 492: –  491: 487: 486:Find sources: 480: 476: 470: 469: 464:This article 462: 458: 453: 452: 448: 444: 434: 432: 428: 424: 423:Horr's Island 420: 416: 412: 408: 404: 403:shell middens 400: 395: 393: 389: 388:Poverty Point 385: 381: 369: 366: 358: 348: 343: 339: 335: 334: 327: 318: 317: 309: 307: 303: 299: 295: 291: 284: 280: 278: 277:Classic stage 274: 272: 268: 265: 263: 259: 258: 257: 255: 251: 246: 244: 240: 236: 235:Gordon Willey 226: 224: 221:also have an 220: 215: 213: 209: 205: 201: 197: 193: 192:archaic stage 189: 188:pre-Columbian 186: 182: 178: 177:North America 174: 170: 161: 150: 145: 143: 138: 136: 131: 130: 128: 127: 120: 117: 116: 114: 105: 103: 100: 99: 95: 93: 92:Classic stage 90: 89: 85: 83: 80: 79: 75: 73: 70: 69: 65: 63: 60: 59: 55: 53: 50: 49: 41: 40: 36: 32: 31: 28: 24: 21: 20: 7481:wedge-shaped 7466:Funeral pyre 7459:Great dolmen 7415:Chamber tomb 7396:Round barrow 7351:Stone circle 7223:Blombos Cave 7151:Grooved ware 7075:Chalcolithic 6979:Thornborough 6897:Flush toilet 6832:Blombos Cave 6827:Rock shelter 6783:Quiggly hole 6675:Architecture 6650:illustration 6292:Buffalo jump 6113:Storage pits 6076:Aşıklı Höyük 6066:Ground stone 5902:Subdivisions 5818: 5817: 5752: 5745: 5725:Nicola's War 5717: 5563:Kettle Falls 5553:Celilo Falls 5517:Joe Capilano 5477:Wickaninnish 5462:Chief Nicola 5422:Chief Joseph 5150:Coast Salish 5012: 5005: 4727:colonization 4531:The red road 4521:Medicine man 4516:Great Spirit 4354: 4287: 4137:Moctezuma II 4094:Inca history 4019:Andean Music 3963:Architecture 3958:Architecture 3953:Architecture 3948:Architecture 3944:Architecture 3938:Gender Roles 3683:Tenochtitlan 3606:Timoto–Cuica 3601:Tierradentro 3386:Casma–Sechin 3118:Chalcatzingo 2845:Water glyphs 2800:Oasisamerica 2790:N.A.G.P.R.A. 2750:Folsom point 2740:Effigy mound 2720:Clovis point 2688:Aridoamerica 2589:Wickiup Hill 2544:Spiro Mounds 2524:Salmon Ruins 2519:Russell Cave 2314:Helen Blazes 2309:Grimes Point 2289:Fort Juelson 2279:Fort Ancient 2254:El Vallecito 2214:Chaco Canyon 2154:Angel Mounds 2116:Steed-Kisker 2066:Paleo-Arctic 1988:Glacial Kame 1973:Fort Ancient 1865:Post-Classic 1849: 1836: 1776: 1759: 1753: 1718:. New York: 1714: 1672: 1647:Hull, Quebec 1640: 1615: 1603: 1591: 1579: 1567: 1559: 1551: 1543: 1538: 1523: 1474: 1468: 1460: 1455: 1432: 1424: 1412:. Retrieved 1405:the original 1391: 1379: 1364: 1355: 1344:. Retrieved 1330: 1318: 1305: 1277:. New York: 1273: 1247: 1241: 1173: 1165:Georgian Bay 1141:Saskatchewan 1130: 1054:Aridoamerica 929:common beans 870:Late Archaic 854:in northern 844:Watson Brake 800:Indian Knoll 743:as a staple. 685:Mount Mazama 537: 528: 518: 511: 504: 497: 485: 473:Please help 468:verification 465: 443:Lithic stage 396: 384:Watson Brake 376: 361: 352: 345:Please help 341: 330: 287: 262:Lithic stage 250:Lithic stage 247: 242: 232: 216: 191: 172: 166: 112: 61: 52:Lithic stage 7503:unchambered 7498:Long barrow 7488:Grave goods 7444:Court cairn 7439:Clava cairn 7391:Bowl barrow 7329:Rock cupule 7272:Golden hats 7265:Hill figure 7166:Unstan ware 7146:Cord-marked 7011:Sweet Track 6933:Burnt mound 6854:Stilt house 6842:Sibudu Cave 6635:Tally stick 6603:Quern-stone 6588:Hammerstone 6578:Fire plough 6549:Pesse canoe 6507:Bannerstone 6477:Other tools 6390:Lithic core 6338:Aurignacian 6226:Bare Island 6108:Quern-stone 5802:Raven Tales 5776:Land claims 5624:Lax Ksiluux 5568:Siwash Rock 5437:Chief Moses 5350:Walla Walla 5118:Ethnicities 4936:Ethnobotany 4793:El Salvador 4695:Visual arts 4564:Cosmovision 4550:Mesoamerica 4511:Fifth World 4472:Mythologies 4437:Archaeology 4415:Pre-history 4200:Túpac Amaru 4184:Manco Cápac 4133:Moctezuma I 4044:Agriculture 4039:Agriculture 4034:Agriculture 4025:Agriculture 3968:Road System 3857:Mathematics 3722:Muysc Cubun 3576:San Agustín 3526:Monte Verde 3203:Teotihuacan 3095:Mesoamerica 2990:Coles Creek 2975:Anishinaabe 2932:Archaeology 2830:Thunderbird 2698:Black drink 2662:Peñon woman 2599:Winterville 2579:Velda Mound 2559:Taos Pueblo 2454:Parkin Park 2439:Orwell site 2424:Nodena site 2319:Holly Bluff 2294:Four Mounds 2284:Fort Center 2209:Casa Grande 2159:Anzick site 2051:Monongahela 1978:Fort Walton 1953:Coles Creek 1918:Belle Glade 1903:Anishinaabe 1620:Gordon 1996 1608:Gordon 1996 1596:Gordon 1996 1584:Gordon 1996 1572:Storck 1974 1501:|work= 1448:Gordon 1996 1073:earthenware 995:Bristol Bay 910:marsh elder 830:Great Lakes 734:Mesoamerica 622:, and wild 419:Pearl River 415:shell rings 397:Across the 349:if you can. 196:subsistence 96:AD 500–1200 7711:Categories 7642:trepanning 7535:Ring cairn 7493:Jar burial 7476:transepted 7408:U.S. sites 7309:Petroglyph 7235:Bird stone 7193:wine press 6866:Stone roof 6849:Roundhouse 6741:long house 6718:Stonehenge 6686:Ceremonial 6630:Stone tool 6457:Tool stone 6427:Metallurgy 6331:Mousterian 6308:Toolmaking 6246:Cumberland 6219:Transverse 6189:Schöningen 6081:Qesem cave 6049:Earth oven 6003:Irrigation 5914:Technology 5882:Prehistory 5692:Yakima War 5682:Cayuse War 5527:Annie York 5376:Athabaskan 4978:Philosophy 4783:Costa Rica 4757:by country 4588:Variations 4579:World tree 4536:Totem pole 4506:Arborglyph 4171:Tisquesusa 4145:Cuauhtémoc 4141:Cuitláhuac 3471:Lauricocha 3441:Gran Chaco 3431:Cupisnique 3416:Chinchorro 3391:Chachapoya 3381:Caral–Supe 3223:Tlaxcaltec 3213:Teuchitlán 3128:Chupícuaro 3055:Plum Bayou 3050:Plaquemine 3020:Marksville 2985:Chichimeca 2775:Metallurgy 2735:Eden point 2632:Buhl Woman 2504:Rock Eagle 2494:River Styx 2419:Mummy Cave 2414:Moundville 2394:Mesa Verde 2379:Marksville 2126:Tchefuncte 2086:Plaquemine 2022:Las Palmas 1938:Calf Creek 1933:Cades Pond 1630:References 1346:2004-11-28 1227:Mesolithic 1109:Athapaskan 1107:1000 BC: 1086:1500 BC: 942:resources. 708:Rio Grande 700:New Mexico 565:sea levels 501:newspapers 308:cultures. 106:after 1200 7686:symbolism 7550:Tor cairn 7508:Grønsalen 7449:Cremation 7341:Sculpture 7319:Pictogram 7304:Petroform 7124:amber use 7092:Cosmetics 6902:Reservoir 6887:Check dam 6817:Pueblitos 6812:Pit-house 6795:Longhouse 6729:Dwellings 6598:Microlith 6529:Bow drill 6524:Bone tool 6517:prismatic 6326:Acheulean 6241:Cresswell 6214:Arrowhead 6140:Boomerang 6056:Granaries 6018:Terracing 5897:Stone Age 5687:Modoc War 5609:Skidegate 5594:Ninstints 5537:Bill Reid 5452:Sacagawea 5386:Chinookan 5381:Chimakuan 5369:Languages 5360:Wuikinuxv 5335:Tsimshian 5315:Tillamook 5240:Nez Perce 4973:Movements 4968:Languages 4916:Venezuela 4861:Argentina 4823:Nicaragua 4803:Guatemala 4798:Greenland 4485:Religions 4192:Atahualpa 4188:Pachacuti 4163:Nemequene 4029:Chinampas 3851:Astronomy 3840:Astronomy 3820:Mythology 3815:Mythology 3810:Mythology 3805:Mythology 3801:Mythology 3631:Wankarani 3621:Tuncahuán 3511:Marajoara 3466:Las Vegas 3352:Atacameño 3248:Xochipala 3188:Purépecha 3148:Epi-Olmec 3138:Cuicuilco 3080:Troyville 3070:St. Johns 2820:Stickball 2509:Rock Hawk 2339:Key Marco 2131:Troyville 2111:St. Johns 2096:Red Ocher 1855:Formative 1695:470148039 1503:ignored ( 1493:cite book 1414:March 22, 1233:Footnotes 1065:Louisiana 1048:2100 BC: 1026:2400 BC: 1021:Greenland 1015:2500 BC: 940:shellfish 906:sunflower 856:Louisiana 764:bracelets 732:began in 728:5000 BC: 672:6000 BC: 633:, Nevada 306:Chihuahua 208:shellfish 7324:Rock art 7287:painting 7260:Geoglyph 7085:timeline 7065:Beadwork 6805:Mehrgarh 6800:Mudbrick 6708:megalith 6583:Fire-saw 6405:debitage 6400:analysis 6368:Hand axe 6348:Cupstone 5926:Glossary 5887:Timeline 5811:See also 5720:incident 5659:Opitsaht 5639:Kitwanga 5634:Ging̱olx 5599:Cumshewa 5482:Cumshewa 5467:Maquinna 5401:Wakashan 5396:Salishan 5340:Umatilla 5325:Tsetsaut 5270:Quileute 5195:Kalapuya 5185:Heiltsuk 5160:Colville 5125:Aleutian 5100:X̱á:ytem 5007:Category 4963:Identity 4946:Iroquois 4941:Cherokee 4906:Suriname 4896:Paraguay 4881:Colombia 4808:Honduras 4788:Dominica 4725:European 4700:Painting 4662:Colombia 4574:Religion 4569:Creation 4442:Genetics 4288:See also 4206:Conquest 4179:Zoratama 3846:Calendar 3835:Calendar 3830:Calendar 3826:Calendar 3795:Religion 3790:Religion 3779:Religion 3768:Religion 3764:Religion 3753:Numerals 3747:Numerals 3708:Language 3688:Multiple 3626:Valdivia 3611:Tiwanaku 3571:Saladoid 3566:Quimbaya 3456:Kuhikugu 3436:Diaguita 3426:Chorrera 3243:Veraguas 3238:Veracruz 3218:Tlatilco 3030:Mogollon 2937:Cultures 2915:Americas 2708:Chanunpa 2693:Ballgame 2672:Vero man 2622:Anzick-1 2594:Windover 2554:SunWatch 2484:Rassawek 2304:Glenwood 2194:Brewster 2046:Mogollon 2017:La Jolla 2003:Hopewell 1963:Deptford 1876:cultures 1738:19750309 1716:Mulvaney 1713:(eds.). 1671:(1994). 1528:Archived 1340:Archived 1317:(1958), 1297:19750309 1275:Mulvaney 1272:(eds.). 1190:See also 1157:Manitoba 1143:and the 1088:Salishan 914:amaranth 804:Kentucky 772:pendants 712:Colorado 660:Penutian 598:basketry 582:, and a 580:mastodon 569:Beringia 437:Timeline 355:May 2023 331:require 219:Americas 113:See also 7681:Symbols 7292:pigment 7178:Weaving 7141:Cardium 7136:Pottery 7131:Mirrors 7119:Jewelry 7060:Baskets 7040:culture 6892:Cistern 6698:Pyramid 6640:Weapons 6618:Scraper 6608:Racloir 6568:Cleaver 6556:Chopper 6462:Uniface 6373:Grooves 6363:Hafting 6321:Oldowan 6280:Systems 6231:Cascade 6194:woomera 6184:harpoon 6157:history 6123:Hunting 6103:Pottery 6044:Cooking 5953:Farming 5919:history 5892:Outline 5718:Tonquin 5649:Kiix-in 5589:Skedans 5492:Slumach 5320:Tlingit 5310:Takelma 5305:Tahltan 5250:Nisga'a 5200:Klamath 5170:Gitxsan 5145:Chinook 5130:Bannock 5059:of the 4983:Studies 4911:Uruguay 4886:Ecuador 4866:Bolivia 4813:Jamaica 4712:Writers 4707:Artists 4667:Ecuador 4649:Culture 4630:Mapuche 4175:Tundama 4104:Peoples 4089:History 4084:History 4079:History 4075:History 4069:Cuisine 4064:Cuisine 4059:Cuisine 4054:Cuisine 4050:Cuisine 3908:Warfare 3903:Warfare 3898:Warfare 3894:Warfare 3888:Society 3883:Economy 3872:Society 3867:Society 3863:Society 3733:Writing 3727:Quechua 3712:Nahuatl 3679:Capital 3616:Toyopán 3596:Tairona 3506:Mapuche 3421:Chiripa 3396:Chancay 3367:Cañaris 3342:Amotape 3337:El Abra 3253:Zapotec 3233:Totonac 3208:Tepanec 3193:Quelepa 3163:Mezcala 3153:Huastec 3123:Cholula 3113:Capacha 3108:Acolhua 3065:Sinagua 3040:Patayan 3010:Hohokam 3000:Fremont 2857:Related 2715:Chunkey 2615:remains 2604:Wupatki 2444:Paquime 2334:Huápoca 2199:Cahokia 2169:Bastian 2076:Patayan 1998:Hohokam 1983:Fremont 1958:Comondú 1913:Baytown 1908:Avonlea 1888:Alachua 1860:Classic 1850:Archaic 1838:Periods 1365:Science 1184:caribou 1180:planing 1169:Ontario 1147:, near 1113:Siberia 1032:Siberia 993:, near 976:pottery 970:on the 667:caribou 635:mummify 576:mammoth 515:scholar 411:oysters 333:cleanup 302:Cochise 212:farming 23:Periods 7659:flutes 7454:Dolmen 7378:Burial 7188:winery 7161:Linear 6991:Midden 6969:Cursus 6962:Goseck 6822:Pueblo 6773:Dugout 6758:Burdei 6437:Mining 6261:Lamoka 6256:Folsom 6236:Clovis 6093:Metate 6071:Hearth 6039:Basket 6013:Sickle 5654:Yuquot 5604:Masset 5546:Places 5502:Leschi 5497:Sealth 5410:People 5355:Yakama 5345:Umpqua 5285:Sinixt 5280:Shasta 5245:Nicola 5235:Naukan 5230:Molala 5220:Methow 5180:Haisla 5140:Cayuse 5014:Portal 4951:Navajo 4891:Guyana 4871:Brazil 4828:Panama 4818:Mexico 4778:Canada 4773:Belize 4635:Muisca 4557:Common 4118:Muisca 4113:Mayans 4108:Aztecs 3742:Script 3737:Script 3697:Bacatá 3668:Muisca 3551:Pucará 3546:Piaroa 3541:Paiján 3536:Omagua 3491:Lupaca 3486:Lokono 3451:Kalina 3446:Huetar 3406:Chavín 3401:Chango 3376:Nariño 3372:Capulí 3362:Calima 3357:Aymara 3347:Arawak 3228:Toltec 3178:Olmecs 3173:Nicoya 3168:Mixtec 3143:Diquis 3045:Picosa 3035:Oshara 3005:Glades 2995:Dorset 2274:Folsom 2239:Cutler 2174:Benson 2061:Oneota 1993:Glades 1968:Folsom 1948:Clovis 1845:Lithic 1783:  1736:  1726:  1693:  1683:  1657:  1481:  1295:  1285:  1077:effigy 1075:, and 1019:enter 1003:Alaska 933:squash 896:  890:  883:  881:  852:Monroe 832:region 819:squash 793:copper 770:, and 752:knives 741:salmon 723:salmon 706:, the 702:, the 674:Aleuts 624:grains 591:atlatl 517:  510:  503:  496:  488:  431:mounds 298:Oshara 206:, and 171:, the 44:  7576:sites 7520:Mummy 7240:Cairn 7156:Jōmon 7107:shoes 7102:Hides 6974:Henge 6928:Broch 6790:Jacal 6645:Wheel 6593:Knife 6539:Canoe 6534:Burin 6512:Blade 6410:flake 6271:Plano 6179:baton 6169:Spear 6135:Arrow 6088:Manos 5941:Tools 5629:'Ksan 5300:Syilx 5225:Miwok 5215:Makah 5190:Inuit 5175:Haida 5135:Cahto 4988:Trade 4876:Chile 4690:Music 4657:Andes 4605:Olmec 4595:Aztec 4123:Incas 4014:Music 4009:Music 4004:Music 4000:Music 3933:Women 3928:Women 3923:Women 3919:Women 3877:Trade 3758:Quipu 3702:Cusco 3693:Hunza 3658:Aztec 3591:Taíno 3586:Sican 3581:Shuar 3531:Nazca 3521:Mollo 3516:Moche 3496:Luzia 3411:Chimú 3183:Pipil 3158:Izapa 3133:Coclé 3075:Thule 2965:Adena 2805:Piasa 2613:Human 2244:Eaker 2147:sites 2081:Plano 1883:Adena 1750:(PDF) 1408:(PDF) 1401:(PDF) 1163:near 1050:Maize 925:maize 850:near 815:beans 811:maize 768:rings 725:runs. 584:bison 522:JSTOR 508:books 204:seeds 7669:gudi 7427:Cist 7356:list 7183:Wine 7112:Ötzi 7097:Glue 7070:Beds 7038:and 7036:Arts 6907:Well 6763:Cave 6693:Kiva 6623:side 6613:Rope 6561:tool 6495:bone 6485:Adze 6251:Eden 6164:Nets 6034:Fire 5998:Goad 5983:Celt 4956:Zuni 4901:Peru 4852:list 4672:Peru 4625:Inca 4600:Maya 3913:Army 3695:and 3673:Inca 3663:Maya 3641:Zenú 3636:Wari 3481:Lima 2765:Kiva 1781:ISBN 1734:OCLC 1724:ISBN 1691:OCLC 1681:ISBN 1655:ISBN 1505:help 1479:ISBN 1416:2021 1293:OCLC 1283:ISBN 1097:(or 931:and 908:and 817:and 760:awls 756:axes 716:Utah 694:, a 651:and 620:nuts 616:deer 494:news 445:and 304:and 281:The 275:The 269:The 260:The 237:and 200:nuts 6778:Hut 6713:row 6544:Oar 6502:Axe 6490:Awl 4682:Art 3994:Art 3989:Art 3984:Art 3979:Art 3975:Art 2269:Eva 1369:doi 1167:in 1001:in 802:in 477:by 425:in 175:in 25:in 7713:: 4474:‎ 4232:) 1760:21 1758:. 1752:. 1732:. 1722:. 1709:; 1689:. 1679:. 1649:: 1513:^ 1497:: 1495:}} 1491:{{ 1440:^ 1338:. 1321:, 1313:; 1291:. 1281:. 1268:; 1256:^ 1171:. 1153:BP 1071:, 766:, 762:, 758:, 754:, 618:, 578:, 300:, 296:, 256:. 245:. 225:. 202:, 181:BC 5863:e 5856:t 5849:v 5049:e 5042:t 5035:v 4854:) 4850:( 4400:e 4393:t 4386:v 4276:) 4272:( 4265:) 4261:( 4259:) 4255:( 4253:) 4249:( 4242:) 4238:( 4228:( 4217:) 4213:( 3970:) 3966:( 3879:) 3875:( 3853:) 3849:( 3842:) 3838:( 3786:) 3782:( 3775:) 3771:( 3749:) 3745:( 3374:/ 2900:e 2893:t 2886:v 1817:e 1810:t 1803:v 1789:. 1740:. 1697:. 1663:. 1574:. 1507:) 1487:. 1418:. 1371:: 1349:. 1299:. 1122:. 1115:. 1056:. 1045:. 1005:. 982:. 858:. 821:. 788:. 774:. 736:. 718:. 680:. 600:. 593:. 544:) 538:( 533:) 529:( 519:· 512:· 505:· 498:· 471:. 368:) 362:( 357:) 353:( 148:e 141:t 134:v

Index

Periods
North American prehistory

Lithic stage
Archaic period
Formative stage
Woodland period
Classic stage
Post-Classic stage
List of archaeological periods (Mesoamerica)
v
t
e

archaeological cultures of North America
North America
BC
North American
pre-Columbian
subsistence
nuts
seeds
shellfish
farming
Americas
Archaic Period
Gordon Willey
Philip Phillips
Lithic stage
Formative stage

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