648:
420:
88:
838:
529:
547:, was not elected until 1329, and it took ten years of fruitless attempts and bribery of the local emirs before he could actually take up residence in his see. After arriving in Ephesus he had to deal with the hostility of the new rulers, while all churches were already converted to mosques. Matthew was finally allowed to use a small chapel as his new cathedral. In 1368, the Ecumenical Patriarch issued a pronouncement uniting the metropolitan of
848:
In
Ephesus and the surrounding area a considerable number of monasteries were founded most probably already from the early Byzantine period. Later, in the 11th century, a new monastic community was created north of the city, which consisted of several monasteries, known as Mount Galesios. Among these
551:
with
Ephesus "forever"; the document notes that the metropolitan of Ephesus had not been able for the previous three years to re-enter his church due to local hostility. But even this union did not prevent the metropolitan from further decline, and by 1387 the small community could not support even a
411:
dispute broke out (8th century), metropolitan
Theodosius was an ardent advocate against the icons. However, a number of local clergymen refused to implement the official policy which condemned the worship of icons. This resulted in drastic measures by the state, including intervention of the army,
212:
co-existed in the city, but
Christianity became the dominant religion in Ephesus in the course of time. This is mainly evident from the conversion of religious monuments, the increased use of Christian symbols, as well as the destruction of various pagan places of worship. The apostle John has his
349:
arrived they were scandalized at what had happened and held their own trial. They found Cyril and Memnon guilty and imprisoned them, drawing a stern rebuke from the
Emperor. Cyril bribed government officials to regain his position. Two years later, John and Cyril came to a mutual agreement which
593:). From the 17th century, as a result of the increase of the Greek Orthodox element in Anatolia, a number of new metropoleis were created and consequently the area of the Metropolis of Ephesus was reduced. Nevertheless, the jurisdiction of the diocese of Ephesus still included a vast area in
439:
of the middle and late
Byzantine period, Ephesus continued to rank second, after Caesarea, among the metropoleis of the Patriarchate of Constantinople. In the second half of the 9th century, after the promotion of the autocephalous archbishopric of Smyrna to a
509:, was one of the main opponents to this policy. He was also very influential in the election of the Ecumenical Patriarchs. The local metropolitans were also involved in the Arsenite dispute, which concerned the issues raised after the deposition of Patriarch
376:(472-489) refused to accept these decisions and forced the Emperor to annul them. The bishops of the Diocese of Asia had to renounce the decisions of that council, while the metropolitan of Ephesus, Paul, was deposed during the reign of Emperor
543:. The Turks converted the church of Saint John the Evangelist into a mosque. Despite this, due to its ancient prominence the Greek Orthodox Church hierarchy made extraordinary efforts to keep the see in existence. A new metropolitan,
901:
The Church of Saint John the
Evangelist, was probably erected during the 2nd or 3rd century and was the most important pilgrim place in Ephesus. It was built on his tomb, on the site of an earlier shrine. In the 6th century Emperor
893:. Due to the holiness of the place, several notables during the medieval period, expressed their will to be buried near the cave. During this period, a complex of chapels, mausoleums and tombs was erected next to the site.
168:
Based on these traditions, it is generally believed that the city hosted a significant
Christian community already from the 1st and 2nd centuries. Ephesus associated with the life of several saints of that era, such as the
881:. However, no monuments related with any of the above saints, have been excavated yet in Panayır dağ. According to a 12th-century account, the pilgrims could worship the relics of 300 holy persons, like that of
852:
According to
Christian traditions, Ephesus was the burial place of several Christian saints and martyrs. Saint Timothy was martyred on Pion Hill, today's Panayır dağ. Others said to be buried there include
391:(527-565) on various ecclesiastical issues. On the other hand, the Miaphysite metropolitan John was a significant missionary, who preached in the city of Ephesus as well as in the nearby valley of the
1584:
103:
visited
Ephesus around 53 AD. Paul set out on his third missionary journey in 54 AD. He spent three months teaching in a synagogue in an effort to bring the Jews to accept union with the
372:(475-476), restored the Miaphysite Paul as Metropolitan of Ephesus during the council convened in Ephesus, which dealt with the issue of accepting the Miaphysite circular of Basiliscus. Patriarch
263:, with the new metropolitan elected by the bishops of his province. The early organization of the Church paralleled that of the Roman state, and as Ephesus was the most important city of the
910:
on the same place. Tradition conveys that the church, apart from personal objects of John, also contained the stone on which Jesus' body was rinsed after the Deposition from the cross.
582:
element declined dramatically. This had a negative impact on the ecclesiastical administration, since conversions of the indigenous population—often by force—were on a large scale.
270:
Based on the importance of their see, the metropolitans of Ephesus claimed a regional authority far beyond the borders of its own ecclesiastical province, encompassing most of
1242:
126:(reigned 81-96 AD). He was released late in his life and returned to Ephesus, where it is traditionally thought that he wrote his Gospel. Tradition also says that
619:
At the beginning of the 20th century the area of the metropolis was further reduced with the creation of additional metropoleis, like that of Kydonies (1908) and
754:
808:
760:
772:
766:
544:
536:
594:
1599:
858:
1498:
158:
1604:
1531:
1475:
1443:
1379:
1347:
934:
to discuss reunion in 1438-1439. Mark was the main spokesman for the Orthodox delegates, was strongly opposed to any compromise with the
616:, the metropolitan bishop of Ephesus, Dionysios, was among the Greek Orthodox upper clergy that was executed by the Ottoman authorities.
1411:
505:(1207/8-1222), married a Latin princess and in 1219 initiated negotiations over uniting the churches. The then Metropolitan of Ephesus,
1325:
598:
345:, for heresy. The trial was held hastily, before the eastern supporters of Nestorius could arrive. When the eastern delegation led by
790:
517:
47:
1594:
1184:
The Decline of Medieval Hellenism in Asia Minor and the Process of Islamization from the Eleventh through the Fifteenth Century
267:, its bishops became "Metropolitans of Asia", a title that remained in use long after the province itself had ceased to exist.
1226:
1525:
1469:
1437:
1373:
1319:
17:
1298:
849:
monasteries, three were founded by Osios Lazaros: the Monastery of Saint Saviour, the Theotokos and of the Resurrection.
632:
1405:
1236:
636:
298:, who had been subordinate to Ephesus and its major local rival for pre-eminence in the province of Asia, became an
516:
Towards the end of the Laskarid dynasty's rule the church of Ephesus seems to have been wealthy. The metropolitan
609:
407:
Ephesus continued to play an active role in various ecclesiastical disputes during the medieval period. When the
539:
was the last metropolitan of Ephesus before the Turks conquered the city in October 1304 or 1305. He escaped to
520:
came to Nicaea in 1260 with a large amount of money and was elected as patriarch, although he died soon after.
483:
351:
275:
1551:
814:
692:
589:(modern Tire), while probably during the late 17th century it was transferred to Magnesia ad Sipylum (modern
365:
165:
are lauded, but the church is said to have "left its first love," to which Revelation calls on it to return.
341:
controversy. Memnon, the Bishop of Ephesos, supported Cyril in condemning the archbishop of Constantinople,
302:
archbishop, while Ephesus itself was demoted to second rank among the sees subject to Constantinople, after
796:
482:, and he returned to Constantinople where he lived the remainder of his life. During the years after the
122:(37-44) was suppressing the church of Jerusalem. There are records of John being arrested by the Emperor
387:
530) and John. The former launched a campaign against Monophysitism and closely cooperated with Emperor
433:
In the following centuries the metropolis maintained its power in the ecclesiastical hierarchy. In the
287:
282:
of 381 AD that gave the bishop of Constantinople precedence over all other bishops other than the
1491:
820:
714:
652:
613:
460:
419:
392:
373:
326:
279:
107:
in Christianity, but without success. For the next two years he stayed in Ephesus seeking to convert
1187:
870:
647:
322:
182:
146:
127:
201:
also lived there. Moreover, according to the Christian tradition, the first bishop of Ephesus was
1579:
478:
was deposed in 1078, he was made bishop of Ephesus. After two years the city was captured by the
361:
252:
118:(4 BC - 100 AD) was traditionally said to have come to Ephesus during the period when
882:
620:
150:
67:
1515:
1459:
1427:
1363:
1341:
1395:
935:
854:
686:
680:
435:
413:
264:
216:
170:
1309:
456:, which came under the newly created metropolis. In the first half of the 11th century, the
429:
of the Metropolis of Ephesus, with St. John the Theologian on the obverse, 11th/12th century
907:
842:
718:
628:
578:
conquest and subsequent introduction of Islam in the region in the 14th century, the local
510:
467:, a few kilometers to the north of the city. The metropolitan paid little attention to the
441:
408:
291:
139:
228:
8:
931:
736:
502:
449:
399:. By permission of Emperor Justinian I he converted about 80,000 pagans to Christianity.
333:, Patriarch of Alexandria presided at the First Council, which was called by the Emperor
330:
178:
1461:
Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of World Religions: An A-Z Guide to the World's Religions
321:
In the 5th century, the metropolis was involved in various ecclesiastical disputes. The
784:
778:
742:
710:
704:
506:
475:
240:
154:
71:
1521:
1465:
1433:
1401:
1369:
1315:
1311:
The Ecclesiastical History of Evagrius: A History of the Church from Ad 431 to Ad 594
1294:
1232:
698:
346:
1589:
675:
491:
260:
174:
135:
100:
63:
498:
at this time and this led to increased prestige for the metropolitans of Ephesus.
927:
802:
730:
568:
548:
315:
303:
161:), the church's perseverance, scrutiny toward alleged apostles and hatred of the
149:
as a letter to the church in Ephesus, and John mentions the church as one of the
87:
1280:
1284:
930:, was Metropolitan of Ephesus. He was a member of the Greek delegation at the
890:
886:
866:
862:
748:
575:
487:
464:
377:
283:
256:
220:
198:
186:
35:
586:
528:
1573:
383:
Among the most important metropolitans of 6th-century Ephesus were Hypatius (
334:
299:
236:
232:
202:
1288:
837:
479:
115:
1429:
Ephesus (Ephesos): An Abbreviated History from Androclus to Constantine Xi
903:
878:
561:
388:
286:. Although Ephesian ambitions were backed by Constantinople's rival, the
194:
1365:
The Clash of Ideologies: The Making of the Christian and Islamic Worlds
724:
660:
579:
557:
453:
369:
358:
307:
294:
in 451 its claims suffered a decisive blow. The bishop of neighbouring
271:
255:(325) and the organization of the ecclesiastical administration in the
231:
in the 2nd century. He is best known for his letter addressed to the
131:
108:
51:
602:
567:
Similar difficulties were also faced by the 15th-century metropolitan
354:, the Champion of Orthodoxy, convened the Second Council of Ephesus.
342:
338:
162:
119:
1343:
Ephesus After Antiquity: A Late Antique, Byzantine, and Turkish City
1231:(1. publ. ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. p. 230.
552:
small priest; as a result, the metropolitan was granted the sees of
1547:
874:
666:
553:
425:
209:
190:
123:
104:
329:, sometimes called the "Robber Council", was held in 449 AD.
1585:
Defunct dioceses of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople
457:
445:
96:
59:
43:
624:
590:
495:
396:
311:
295:
55:
310:. These were major setbacks, which the award of the title of "
1061:
597:
and was divided into three metropolitan districts: Magnesia,
540:
468:
1085:
585:
During the 16th century, the see of the metropolis moved to
1293:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 543–568.
1290:
The New Cambridge Medieval History, Volume 5, c.1198–c.1300
111:
Jews and gentiles, and appears to have made many converts.
1497:(in Greek). Εγκυκλοπαίδεια Μείζονος Ελληνισμού, Μ. Ασία.
1256:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1097:
494:. The Patriarchate of Constantinople was transferred to
318:" to the metropolitans of Ephesus could not ameliorate.
978:
966:
889:. Another significant pilgrim site was the cave of the
635:
the local Orthodox element evacuated the region in the
471:, and was often suspicious or outright hostile to him.
1308:
Evagrius, Scholasticus; Walford, Edward (2008-01-15).
1206:
956:
954:
655:
was the last metropolitan of Ephesus, ordained in 1922
274:, but this ambition was challenged by the rise of the
1157:
1133:
938:, and did much to prevent to union from taking place.
66:. The local Christian community comprised one of the
58:. Christianity was introduced already in the city of
1027:
1025:
1145:
1121:
1109:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1007:
1005:
990:
951:
402:
130:lived in Ephesus near to John. Apollos, a Jew from
1049:
532:Greek-Orthodox metropoleis in Asia Minor, c. 1880.
74:. The metropolis remained active until 1922-1923.
631:in 1919. However, due to the developments of the
278:, a process cemented by one of the canons of the
91:The tomb of Apostle John in the ruins of Ephesus.
1571:
1073:
1037:
1002:
906:provided the expenses for the construction of a
1550:. Εγκυκλοπαίδεια Μείζονος Ελληνισμού, Μ. Ασία.
1457:
1307:
1091:
1067:
623:(1922). Most of the diocese became part of the
444:, Ephesus lost control over three bishoprics:
1492:"Great Online Encyclopaedia of Asia Minor"
208:Until the 4th century AD, Christianity and
1489:
1170:
610:massacre that broke out in Constantinople
48:Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople
27:Vacant ecclesiastical diocese in Anatolia
836:
646:
527:
418:
350:temporarily resolved the dispute, until
86:
1600:Dioceses established in the 1st century
1513:
1490:Moustakas, Konstantinos (23 May 2001).
1393:
1361:
1262:
1212:
827:
490:(1204), the metropolis was part of the
14:
1572:
1494:Εφέσου Μητρόπολις (Οθωμανική Περίοδος)
1278:
1224:
1139:
896:
1554:from the original on 19 December 2015
1545:
1425:
1228:The Cambridge history of Christianity
1103:
1031:
996:
984:
972:
960:
95:There had been a Jewish community at
82:
1339:
1151:
1127:
1115:
1079:
1055:
1043:
1605:Eastern Orthodox dioceses in Turkey
1548:"Metropolis of Ephesos (Byzantium)"
416:, and massive expulsions of monks.
42:) was an ecclesiastical territory (
24:
1501:from the original on 10 March 2013
1346:. CUP Archive. GGKEY:86PF5FFK1AP.
926:Mark Eugenikos (c. 1394-1445), or
463:lived on a column in the wilds of
138:, arrived in Ephesus and met with
99:for over three hundred years when
25:
1616:
1426:Laale, Hans Willer (2011-11-04).
832:
637:Greek-Turkish population exchange
523:
325:was held in 431 AD, and the
246:
642:
403:Middle and late Byzantine period
368:(457-477), supported by Emperor
235:, Bishop of Rome, defending the
1595:History of Christianity in Asia
1546:Ragia, Efi (10 November 2003).
1534:from the original on 2016-12-07
1478:from the original on 2016-12-07
1446:from the original on 2016-12-07
1414:from the original on 2016-12-07
1382:from the original on 2016-12-07
1362:Jonsson, David J (2005-02-28).
1350:from the original on 2016-12-07
1328:from the original on 2016-12-07
1245:from the original on 2022-06-06
1218:
1193:
1176:
920:
205:, student of the Apostle Paul.
145:Christian canon identifies the
1514:Plested, Marcus (2012-11-01).
1458:Merriam-Webster (1999-09-01).
633:Greco-Turkish War of 1919–1922
352:Pope Dioscorus I of Alexandria
276:Patriarchate of Constantinople
259:, Ephesus became the see of a
13:
1:
1225:Angold, Michael, ed. (2006).
1201:Decline of Medieval Hellenism
945:
815:Anthimus VI of Constantinople
693:Heraclides, bishop of Ephesus
669:the second bishop of Ephesus.
384:
1517:Orthodox Readings of Aquinas
7:
1520:. Oxford University Press.
1397:The Ecumenical Patriarchate
1394:Kiminas, Demetrius (2009).
1092:Evagrius & Walford 2008
932:Council of Ferrara-Florence
797:Joseph II of Constantinople
672:seven of Onesimus relatives
663:the first bishop of Ephesus
10:
1621:
1271:
713:(448-51), attendee of the
612:, as a retaliation of the
288:Patriarchate of Alexandria
197:. It is also thought that
77:
821:Chrysostomos II of Athens
715:Second Council of Ephesus
653:Chrysostomos II of Athens
614:Greek War of Independence
374:Akakios of Constantinople
327:Second Council of Ephesus
280:Second Ecumenical Council
224:
62:in the 1st century AD by
39:
1493:
1279:Angold, Michael (1999).
1188:University of California
913:
323:First Council of Ephesus
147:Epistle to the Ephesians
128:Mary the mother of Jesus
1314:. Arx Publishing, LLC.
501:The Emperor of Nicaea,
362:Patriarch of Alexandria
253:First Council of Nicaea
1400:. Wildside Press LLC.
845:
843:Basilica of Saint John
775:(r. 1018/1019(?)–1037)
656:
629:Smyrna Occupation Zone
533:
484:fall of Constantinople
430:
151:seven churches of Asia
134:who was a disciple of
92:
68:seven churches of Asia
908:three-aisled basilica
855:Philip the Evangelist
840:
755:Theodosius of Ephesus
727:Bishop of Ephesus 475
687:Apollonius of Ephesus
681:Polycrates of Ephesus
650:
601:and Kydonies (modern
531:
436:Notitiae Episcopatuum
423:Seal of an anonymous
422:
414:Michael Lachanodrakon
217:Polycrates of Ephesus
171:Philip the Evangelist
90:
32:Metropolis of Ephesus
18:Archbishop of Ephesus
1340:Foss, Clive (1979).
1281:"Byzantium in exile"
1068:Merriam-Webster 1999
828:Monuments of worship
809:Dionysios of Ephesus
761:Gregorius of Ephesus
719:Council of Chalcedon
608:In 1821, during the
409:Byzantine Iconoclasm
292:Council of Chalcedon
140:Aquila and Priscilla
1464:. Merriam-Webster.
897:Surviving monuments
773:Kyriakos of Ephesus
769:(r. 1014–1018/1019)
767:Theodore of Ephesus
574:As a result of the
503:Theodore I Laskaris
450:Magnesia ad Sipylum
442:separate metropolis
1106:, p. 312-313.
987:, p. 204-205.
975:, p. 188-189.
846:
785:Nicholas Mesarites
779:Michael VII Doukas
745:(after 542 or 553)
711:Stephen of Ephesus
705:Bassianus (bishop)
657:
534:
507:Nicholas Mesarites
476:Michael VII Doukas
431:
412:under the general
241:Easter controversy
227:) was a bishop at
213:grave in Ephesus.
193:and his daughter,
155:Book of Revelation
93:
83:Early Christianity
72:Book of Revelation
1527:978-0-19-965065-1
1471:978-0-87779-044-0
1439:978-1-4497-1619-6
1432:. WestBow Press.
1375:978-1-59781-039-5
1321:978-1-889758-88-6
1265:, pp. 84–86.
877:and his daughter
537:Michael Louloudes
474:When the Emperor
173:, brother of the
157:. In Revelation (
70:mentioned in the
40:Μητρόπολις Εφέσου
16:(Redirected from
1612:
1563:
1561:
1559:
1542:
1540:
1539:
1510:
1508:
1506:
1486:
1484:
1483:
1454:
1452:
1451:
1422:
1420:
1419:
1390:
1388:
1387:
1358:
1356:
1355:
1336:
1334:
1333:
1304:
1300:978-1-13905573-4
1266:
1260:
1254:
1253:
1251:
1250:
1222:
1216:
1210:
1204:
1197:
1191:
1182:Speros Vryonis,
1180:
1174:
1168:
1155:
1149:
1143:
1137:
1131:
1125:
1119:
1113:
1107:
1101:
1095:
1089:
1083:
1077:
1071:
1065:
1059:
1053:
1047:
1041:
1035:
1029:
1000:
994:
988:
982:
976:
970:
964:
958:
939:
924:
873:and the martyrs
676:Gaius of Ephesus
595:western Anatolia
492:Empire of Nicaea
386:
265:province of Asia
239:position in the
226:
175:Apostle Barnabas
136:John the Baptist
101:Paul the Apostle
64:Paul the Apostle
41:
21:
1620:
1619:
1615:
1614:
1613:
1611:
1610:
1609:
1570:
1569:
1566:
1557:
1555:
1537:
1535:
1528:
1504:
1502:
1495:
1481:
1479:
1472:
1449:
1447:
1440:
1417:
1415:
1408:
1385:
1383:
1376:
1368:. Xulon Press.
1353:
1351:
1331:
1329:
1322:
1301:
1285:Abulafia, David
1274:
1269:
1261:
1257:
1248:
1246:
1239:
1223:
1219:
1211:
1207:
1198:
1194:
1190:, 1971), p. 297
1181:
1177:
1169:
1158:
1150:
1146:
1138:
1134:
1126:
1122:
1114:
1110:
1102:
1098:
1090:
1086:
1078:
1074:
1066:
1062:
1058:, pp. 5–6.
1054:
1050:
1042:
1038:
1030:
1003:
995:
991:
983:
979:
971:
967:
959:
952:
948:
943:
942:
936:Roman Catholics
928:Mark of Ephesus
925:
921:
916:
899:
883:Saint Alexander
835:
830:
803:Mark of Ephesus
731:John of Ephesus
645:
569:Mark of Ephesus
526:
405:
347:John of Antioch
337:to resolve the
316:Diocese of Asia
257:Roman provinces
249:
203:Apostle Timothy
85:
80:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1618:
1608:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1580:Apostolic sees
1565:
1564:
1543:
1526:
1511:
1487:
1470:
1455:
1438:
1423:
1406:
1391:
1374:
1359:
1337:
1320:
1305:
1299:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1267:
1255:
1237:
1217:
1215:, p. 124.
1205:
1192:
1175:
1171:Moustakas 2001
1156:
1154:, p. 136.
1144:
1142:, p. 553.
1132:
1130:, p. 125.
1120:
1118:, p. 120.
1108:
1096:
1084:
1072:
1070:, p. 262.
1060:
1048:
1036:
1001:
999:, p. 439.
989:
977:
965:
963:, p. 186.
949:
947:
944:
941:
940:
918:
917:
915:
912:
898:
895:
891:Seven Sleepers
887:Mary Magdalene
867:Paul of Thebes
863:Mary Magdalene
859:Saint Hermione
834:
833:Past monuments
831:
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749:Theodosius III
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525:
524:Ottoman period
522:
488:Fourth Crusade
465:Mount Galesios
404:
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284:bishop of Rome
248:
247:Late antiquity
245:
199:Mary Magdalene
187:Paul of Thebes
84:
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26:
9:
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643:Known bishops
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390:
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335:Theodosius II
332:
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300:autocephalous
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37:
33:
19:
1567:
1556:. Retrieved
1536:. Retrieved
1516:
1503:. Retrieved
1480:. Retrieved
1460:
1448:. Retrieved
1428:
1416:. Retrieved
1396:
1384:. Retrieved
1364:
1352:. Retrieved
1342:
1330:. Retrieved
1310:
1289:
1263:Kiminas 2009
1258:
1247:. Retrieved
1227:
1220:
1213:Plested 2012
1208:
1200:
1195:
1183:
1178:
1147:
1135:
1123:
1111:
1099:
1094:, p. v.
1087:
1082:, p. 6.
1075:
1063:
1051:
1046:, p. 5.
1039:
992:
980:
968:
922:
900:
851:
847:
805:c. 1395-1438
627:-controlled
618:
607:
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573:
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535:
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480:Seljuk Turks
473:
434:
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382:
356:
320:
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250:
215:
207:
167:
144:
116:Apostle John
113:
94:
31:
29:
1186:(Berkeley:
1140:Angold 1999
904:Justinian I
879:Callisthene
871:Aristobulus
763:fl. 914-927
733:fl. 507-588
683:fl. 130-196
651:The future
562:New Phocaea
389:Justinian I
357:In 475 the
195:Callisthene
183:Aristobulus
163:Nicolatians
50:in western
1574:Categories
1558:26 October
1538:2012-12-09
1505:26 October
1482:2012-12-09
1450:2012-12-09
1418:2016-07-19
1386:2012-12-09
1354:2012-12-09
1332:2012-12-09
1249:2020-10-18
1203:, pp. 297f
1104:Laale 2011
1032:Ragia 2003
997:Laale 2011
985:Laale 2011
973:Laale 2011
961:Laale 2011
946:References
791:Nicephorus
751:c. 729-745
725:Miaphysite
661:St Timothy
558:Clazomenae
518:Nicephorus
454:Clazomenae
370:Basiliscus
359:Miaphysite
308:Cappadocia
272:Asia Minor
261:metropolis
251:After the
225:Πολυκράτης
132:Alexandria
109:Hellenized
52:Asia Minor
44:metropolis
1199:Vryonis,
1152:Foss 1979
1128:Foss 1979
1116:Foss 1979
1080:Foss 1979
1056:Foss 1979
1044:Foss 1979
580:Christian
513:in 1259.
343:Nestorius
339:Nestorian
290:, at the
120:Agrippa I
54:, modern
46:) of the
1552:Archived
1532:Archived
1499:Archived
1476:Archived
1444:Archived
1412:Archived
1380:Archived
1348:Archived
1326:Archived
1243:Archived
875:Adauctus
799:fl. 1393
739:(c. 530)
737:Hypatius
717:and the
667:Onesimus
621:Pergamon
599:Kordelio
554:Pergamum
511:Arsenios
426:proedros
304:Caesarea
210:Paganism
191:Adauctus
179:Hermione
124:Domitian
105:gentiles
1590:Ephesus
1287:(ed.).
1272:Sources
787:c. 1207
781:c. 1080
757:fl. 754
743:Abraham
701:fl. 440
695:fl. 403
689:fl. 220
603:Ayvalık
576:Ottoman
549:Pyrgion
545:Matthew
486:to the
458:stylite
446:Phocaea
366:Timothy
314:of the
229:Ephesus
153:in the
97:Ephesus
78:History
60:Ephesus
1524:
1468:
1436:
1404:
1372:
1318:
1297:
1235:
723:Paul,
707:c. 444
699:Memnon
591:Manisa
560:, and
496:Nicaea
397:Sardis
312:Exarch
296:Smyrna
56:Turkey
1283:. In
914:Notes
625:Greek
587:Teira
541:Crete
469:saint
331:Cyril
221:Greek
159:2:1–3
36:Greek
1560:2012
1522:ISBN
1507:2012
1466:ISBN
1434:ISBN
1402:ISBN
1370:ISBN
1316:ISBN
1295:ISBN
1233:ISBN
885:and
823:1922
817:1837
811:1821
793:1260
452:and
395:and
378:Zeno
114:The
30:The
605:).
306:in
1576::
1530:.
1474:.
1442:.
1410:.
1378:.
1324:.
1241:.
1159:^
1004:^
953:^
869:,
865:,
861:,
857:,
639:.
571:.
564:.
556:,
448:,
385:c.
380:.
364:,
243:.
223::
189:,
185:,
181:,
177:,
142:.
38::
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1509:.
1485:.
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1421:.
1389:.
1357:.
1335:.
1303:.
1252:.
1173:.
1034:.
219:(
34:(
20:)
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