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were usually tall and high to allow the user to shoot standing up and make use of the 6 ft (1.8 m) bow, while those for crossbowmen were usually lower down as it was easier for the user to shoot whilst kneeling to support the weight of the weapon. It was common for arrowslits to widen to a
242:; this allowed a defender to get close to the slit without being too cramped. The width of the slit dictated the field of fire, but the field of vision could be enhanced by the addition of horizontal openings; they allowed defenders to view the target before it entered range.
249:
in Wales. This has been characterised as an advance in design as it provided attackers with a smaller target; however, it has also been suggested that it was to allow the defenders of White Castle to keep attackers in their sights for longer because of the steep
190:
in France. In these early examples, arrowslits were positioned to protect sections of the castle wall, rather than all sides of the castle. In the 13th century, it became common for arrowslits to be placed all around a castle's defences.
319:
Balistraria, bal-is-trar'i-a, n. An aperture or loophole in the wall of a fortification through which crossbowmen might discharge their bolts. Balister (pbs.), name for an arbalester or crossbowman, also an arbalest or crossbow
1865:
245:
Usually, the horizontal slits were level, which created a cross shape, but less common was to have the slits off-set (called displaced traverse slots) as demonstrated in the remains of
233:
In its simplest form, an arrowslit was a narrow vertical opening; however, the different weapons used by defenders sometimes dictated the form of arrowslits. For example, openings for
276:, had lockers nearby to store spare arrows and bolts; these were usually located on the right hand side of the slit for ease of access and to allow a rapid rate of fire.
194:
Elements of fortification such as arrowslits became associated with high social standing and authority. As such, damaging them could be significant as an aspect of
238:
triangle at the bottom, called a fishtail, to allow defenders a clearer view of the base of the wall. Immediately behind the slit there was a recess called an
352:
272:, defenders from three embrasures can shoot through the same arrowslit) it is called a "multiple arrowslit". Some arrowslits, such as those at
125:
and direction of their bowshot but makes it difficult for attackers to harm the archer since there is only a small target at which to aim.
578:
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around 1860 BC). Slits "of the height of a man and about a palm's width on the outside" allowed defenders to shoot bows and
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Jones, Peter; Renn, Derek (1982), "The military effectiveness of Arrow Loops: Some experiments at White Castle",
175:. They are reintroduced to military architecture only towards the end of the 12th century, with the castles of
229:. The wall thickness is reduced to 0.7 m to accommodate the niche and the embrasure widens at an angle of 35°.
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171:. Although used in late Greek and Roman defences, arrowslits were not present in early Norman
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Balistraria, plural balistrariae, from balister, crossbowman can often be found in the
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in 214–212 BC (although archaeological evidence supports their existence in
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When an embrasure linked to more than one arrowslit (in the case of
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The interior walls behind an arrow loop are often cut away at an
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Castles in
Context: Power, Symbolism and Landscape, 1066 to 1500
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109:. Arrow slits come in a variety of forms. A common one is the
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353:"7.10 Egyptian Forts in Nubia and Indigenous Peoples There"
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519:, Centre de Recherches Archéologiques Médiévales: 445–456
34:
Inside of an arrowslit, where an archer would stand, at
376:
374:
313:
Rev. Thomas
Davidson (1903). "Balistraria; Balister".
312:
513:
Château
Gaillard: Études de castellologie médiévale
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288:, a protected small opening to discharge a firearm.
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201:The successor of arrowslits after the advent of
148:The invention of the arrowslit is attributed to
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167:(an ancient siege engine) from within the
27:Narrow vertical aperture in a fortification
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544:The Idea of the Castle in Medieval England
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261:An example of a 14th century arrowslit at
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315:Chambers's Twentieth Century Dictionary
14:
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74:) is a narrow vertical aperture in a
113:, accommodating the use of both the
1971:Weapons Storage and Security System
476:An Encyclopedia of Japanese Castles
46:Exterior view of arrowslits in the
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586:
528:, Macclesfield: Windgather Press,
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495:The Sutton Companion to Castles
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451:
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345:
338:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
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101:so that the archer has a wide
58:(often also referred to as an
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1:
1866:British "hedgehog" road block
497:, Stroud: Sutton Publishing,
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7:
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1861:Defensive fighting position
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474:De Lange, William (2021).
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524:Liddiard, Robert (2005),
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2403:Continuity of government
254:surrounding the castle.
50:gatehouse in Southampton
2225:Motte-and-bailey castle
1931:Missile launch facility
1926:Main line of resistance
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493:Friar, Stephen (2003),
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381:Jones & Renn 1982
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2413:Subterranean warfare
1366:Viking ring fortress
2497:Castle architecture
2230:Quadrangular castle
1966:Weapon storage area
1322:Quadrangular castle
424:, pp. 180–181.
227:Cité de Carcassonne
1961:Underground hangar
1746:Fire control tower
1543:Gunpowder magazine
971:Butter-churn tower
341:. Merriam-Webster.
286:Loophole (firearm)
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1736:Coastal artillery
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504:978-0-7509-3994-2
154:siege of Syracuse
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16:(Redirected from
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183:in England, and
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2006:Hillside castle
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1891:Fallout shelter
1856:Concertina wire
1836:Border security
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2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2118:Hunting lodge
2116:
2114:
2113:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
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2089:
2087:
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2077:
2071:
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2058:
2056:
2053:
2050:
2049:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2031:Moated castle
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2016:Island castle
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1984:By topography
1982:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1956:Submarine pen
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
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1911:Hesco bastion
1909:
1907:
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1826:Blast shelter
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1598:
1596:
1595:Place-of-arms
1593:
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1237:
1236:
1231:
1229:
1228:Machicolation
1226:
1224:
1223:L-plan castle
1221:
1218:
1217:
1212:
1210:
1207:
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1201:
1193:
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984:
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964:
962:
959:
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956:Bridge castle
954:
951:
950:
945:
943:
940:
937:
936:
931:
928:
927:
922:
920:
919:Bent entrance
917:
915:
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910:
907:
905:
904:Battery tower
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
874:
873:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
855:Advanced work
853:
852:
850:
848:
844:
838:
835:
831:
826:
823:
820:
819:
814:
811:
810:
805:
802:
801:
796:
794:
791:
788:
787:
782:
780:
779:Refuge castle
777:
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
761:
759:
756:
754:
751:
748:
747:
742:
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734:
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723:
721:
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651:
646:
643:
642:
637:
634:
633:
628:
625:
624:
619:
616:
615:
610:
608:
605:
603:
600:
599:
597:
593:
589:
582:
577:
575:
570:
568:
563:
562:
559:
545:
540:
537:
535:9780954557522
531:
527:
522:
518:
514:
509:
506:
500:
496:
491:
487:
481:
477:
472:
471:
460:, p. 182
459:
454:
448:, p. 451
447:
442:
436:, p. 104
435:
430:
423:
418:
416:
414:
406:
405:Liddiard 2005
401:
394:
393:Wheatley 2004
389:
382:
377:
375:
358:
354:
348:
340:
339:
334:
333:"balistraria"
328:
321:
316:
309:
307:
302:
293:
290:
287:
284:
283:
277:
275:
271:
264:
259:
255:
253:
248:
243:
241:
236:
228:
223:
214:
212:
208:
204:
199:
197:
192:
189:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
159:
155:
151:
141:
139:
138:crenellations
135:
131:
130:curtain walls
126:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
107:field of fire
104:
103:field of view
100:
99:oblique angle
95:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
76:fortification
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
49:
44:
37:
32:
19:
2468:
2423:Siege engine
2391:Other topics
2315:Related word
2281:Defense line
2245:Tower castle
2200:Bastion fort
2184:Urban castle
2112:Ganerbenburg
2110:
2065:Water castle
2041:Ridge castle
2026:Marsh castle
1841:Bomb shelter
1821:Belgian gate
1794:20th century
1705:19th century
1643:Retrenchment
1615:Punji sticks
1524:Entrenchment
1519:Device Forts
1486:Counterguard
1421:Early modern
1351:Tower castle
1287:Powder tower
1262:Outer bailey
1174:Inner bailey
1148:Gulyay-gorod
1116:Ganerbenburg
1114:
1110:Fujian tulou
1052:Corner tower
991:Chamber gate
961:Bridge tower
883:
809:Trou de loup
543:
525:
516:
512:
494:
475:
467:Bibliography
453:
441:
429:
407:, p. 68
400:
388:
363:23 September
361:. Retrieved
359:. 8 May 2015
356:
347:
336:
327:
318:
314:
274:Corfe Castle
270:Dover Castle
267:
247:White Castle
244:
232:
200:
193:
147:
136:beneath the
132:of medieval
127:
96:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
53:
36:Corfe Castle
2322:Castle town
2179:Toll castle
2148:Lustschloss
2130:Kaiserpfalz
2060:Spur castle
2055:Rock castle
1996:Hill castle
1991:Cave castle
1951:Spider hole
1851:Bremer wall
1816:Barbed tape
1712:Barbed wire
1386:Witch tower
1356:Tower house
1346:Toll castle
1332:Shield wall
1252:Murder hole
1141:Guard tower
758:Pincer gate
705:Faussebraye
395:, p. 2
181:Framlingham
152:during the
134:battlements
90:can launch
88:crossbowman
82:can launch
72:balistraria
18:Arrow slits
2347:Gatekeeper
2167:Ordensburg
2139:Landesburg
1946:Sentry gun
1901:Flak tower
1831:Blast wall
1751:Gun turret
1648:Sally port
1553:Kotta mara
1493:Couvreface
1457:Breastwork
1452:Blockhouse
1430:Abwurfdach
1381:Watchtower
1371:Wall tower
1327:Shell keep
1277:Portcullis
1272:Peel tower
1257:Neck ditch
1216:Landesburg
1164:Half tower
1122:Gate tower
1067:Drawbridge
909:Battlement
825:Wagon fort
668:Chengqiang
458:Friar 2003
434:Friar 2003
422:Friar 2003
298:References
235:longbowmen
169:city walls
150:Archimedes
60:arrow loop
2450:Guerrilla
2193:By design
1941:Revetment
1756:Land mine
1687:Star fort
1514:Crownwork
1509:Covertway
1442:Barricade
1083:Embrasure
996:Chartaque
926:Bergfried
884:Arrowslit
710:Gatehouse
680:City gate
641:Castellum
607:Acropolis
240:embrasure
203:gunpowder
196:slighting
165:scorpions
123:elevation
68:loop hole
56:arrowslit
2491:Category
2475:Category
2465:See also
2352:Loophole
2240:Ringwork
2235:Ringfort
2160:Obstacle
2001:Hillfort
1921:Loophole
1719:Barbette
1694:Tenaille
1677:Sea fort
1607:Presidio
1567:Magazine
1548:Hornwork
1481:Cavalier
1476:Casemate
1469:Caponier
1312:Ringwork
1200:Detinets
1169:Hoarding
1074:Enceinte
949:Bretèche
894:Bartizan
889:Barbican
865:Alcazaba
793:Stockade
773:Ringfort
753:Palisade
725:Landwehr
720:Hillfort
292:Loophole
280:See also
211:firearms
207:loophole
205:was the
119:crossbow
117:and the
64:loophole
2382:Vedette
2372:Schloss
2337:Festung
2332:Dungeon
2327:Château
2271:Castles
2079:By role
1936:Pillbox
1766:Outpost
1682:Station
1670:Schanze
1653:Sandbag
1638:Redoubt
1622:Ravelin
1590:Palanka
1574:Orillon
1560:Lunette
1502:Coupure
1447:Bastion
1437:Arsenal
1405:Zwinger
1317:Roundel
1307:Ricetto
1282:Postern
1267:Outwork
1191:Kremlin
1062:Curtain
1037:Citadel
1021:Chemise
981:Caltrop
899:Bastion
872:Alcázar
768:Rampart
746:Oppidum
739:Nuraghe
685:Crannog
659:Castros
595:Ancient
320:itself.
173:castles
144:History
115:longbow
48:Bargate
2377:Trench
2367:Picket
1778:Sangar
1731:Bunker
1663:Sconce
1583:Ostrog
1531:Flèche
1414:Modern
1393:Yagura
1361:Turret
1297:Reduit
1235:Merlon
1179:Kasbah
1157:Gusuku
1134:Glacis
1127:Gabion
1096:church
1003:Chashi
986:Castle
830:Laager
818:Vallum
775:(Rath)
650:Castra
632:Burgus
602:Abatis
532:
501:
482:
217:Design
84:arrows
80:archer
2418:Siege
2362:Palas
2306:Walls
2296:Forts
2259:Lists
2106:Fence
2048:Rocca
1916:Kabal
1631:Redan
1538:Gorge
1462:Canal
1339:Shiro
1302:Ribat
1292:Qalat
1104:Dzong
1100:house
800:Sudis
732:Limes
690:Ditch
623:Broch
614:Agger
177:Dover
161:forts
111:cross
92:bolts
86:or a
2428:list
1846:Buoy
1400:Yett
1242:Moat
1209:Ksar
1184:Keep
976:Caer
966:Burh
942:Boom
935:Berm
914:Bawn
879:Amba
715:Gord
530:ISBN
517:IX–X
499:ISBN
480:ISBN
365:2018
252:moat
209:for
179:and
105:and
700:Dun
66:or
54:An
2493::
2467::
1102:,
1098:,
515:,
412:^
373:^
355:.
335:.
317:.
305:^
213:.
198:.
140:.
94:.
62:,
1204:)
1196:(
1106:)
833:)
827:(
580:e
573:t
566:v
488:.
367:.
38:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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