Artemis program - Knowledge

2061: 51: 5669: 14261: 5681: 3932: 1921:(I-Hab) and adding the module to the Gateway. SLS Block 1B manufacture began in March 2024. The I-Hab module construction is underway as of April 2024. In May 2024, it was reported NASA made significant progress towards completion of Mobile Launcher 2 (ML-2), the launch platform that will be used by the larger SLS Block 1B. However, in August 2024, the NASA Inspector General estimated that the launch platform could end up costing the agency $ 2.5 billion, more than six times its original value and may not be ready to support a launch until 2029, making the current launch schedule unrealistic. 3720: 5705: 1552: 1567: 1284: 2838: 8978:... selected but unspecified instruments from RP will instead be flown on future commercial lunar lander missions under a new Commercial Lunar Payload Services (CLPS) program. NASA released a draft request for proposals for that program April 27. Under CLPS, NASA plans to issue multiple indefinite-delivery indefinite-quantity (IDIQ) contracts to companies capable of delivering payloads to the lunar surface. Companies would have to demonstrate their ability to land at least 10 kilograms of payload on the lunar surface by the end of 2021. 3698: 4378: 316: 4714: 1785: 5693: 4313: 2877: 4452: 14644: 4703: 4692: 4681: 1762: 1739: 1716: 4628: 3469: 4233: 18376: 5767: 5657: 4509: 3592: 3988: 3395: 1670: 4440: 16295: 14878: 14564: 1661: 1652: 2576: 4325:. The SH was formerly referred to as the Artemis Surface Asset. Current launch plans show that landing it on the surface would be similar to the HLS. The SH would be sent to the Gateway where it would then be attached to a descent stage and subsequently transported to the lunar surface with a commercial launcher and lander. It would use the same lunar transfer stage as used for the HLS. Other designs from 2019 see it being launched from an 4284: 2764: 4182: 1105: 18340: 5739: 4424:

delivery of the rover to the Moon, as well as providing seats for two Japanese astronaut missions to the lunar surface, with the goal of these astronauts being the first non-Americans to travel to the Moon's surface. The pressurized rover is planned to accommodate two astronauts for up to 30 days outside. NASA plans to use the pressurized rover from Artemis VII and subsequent missions, over an approximate 10 year lifespan.

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will launch (without a crew) in 2023. In 2024, during the months leading up to the crewed landing, NASA will launch the last critical components: a transfer vehicle that will ferry landers from the Gateway to a lower lunar orbit, a descent module that will bring the astronauts to the lunar surface, and an ascent module that will bring them back up to the transfer vehicle, which will then return them to the Gateway.

2607: 2544: 18364: 5753: 1273: 16307: 18316: 18352: 311: 4363:. Day 7 will have the final and shortest EVA. This EVA will last one hour, rather than the others' six hours in duration from egress to ingress, and mostly comprises preparations for the lunar ascent, including jettisoning hardware. Once the final EVA is concluded, the astronauts will return to the Human Landing System and the vehicle will launch from the surface and join up with Orion/Gateway. 18169: 14026: 13717: 13525: 12573: 12507: 12058: 11994: 11954: 11870: 11670: 11603: 11562: 11256: 11059: 10983: 10932: 10388: 10351: 9925: 9311: 9237: 9197: 9160: 9034: 8922: 8737: 7035: 6919: 6622: 6586: 6539: 6468: 5960: 4416:). "It's very important to our leadership at the moment to involve JAXA in a major surface element", he said. "... The Japanese, and their auto industry, have a very strong interest in rover-type things. So, there was an idea to—even though we have done a lot of work—to let the Japanese lead development of a pressurized rover. So right now, that's the direction we're heading in". 18328: 1350:, announcing the administration's plans for NASA and cancelling the non-Orion elements of Constellation on the premise that the program had become nonviable. He instead proposed US$ 6 billion in additional funding and called for development of a new heavy-lift rocket program to be ready for construction by 2015 with crewed missions to Mars orbit by the mid-2030s. 1883:

formation and evolution models. Another instrument is Lunar Effects on Agricultural Flora, a.k.a. LEAF, which will investigate the impact of the lunar surface environment on space crops. The third instrument is the Lunar Dielectric Analyzer, or LDA, an internationally contributed payload that will measure the regolith's ability to propagate an electric field.

1160:(NRHO) of the Moon prior to the launch of SLS/Orion. After Starship HLS reaches NRHO, SLS/Orion will send the Orion spacecraft with a crew of four to rendezvous and dock with HLS. Two astronauts will transfer to HLS, which will descend to the lunar surface and spend about 6.5 days on the surface. The astronauts will perform at least two 1396:. The Trump administration's first budget request kept Obama-era human spaceflight programs in place: Commercial Resupply Services, Commercial Crew Development, the Space Launch System, and the Orion spacecraft for deep space missions, while reducing Earth science research and calling for the elimination of NASA's education office. 3871:. Starship HLS would then boost itself to lunar orbit for rendezvous with Orion. In the mission concept, a NASA Orion spacecraft would carry a NASA crew to the lander, where they would depart and descend to the surface of the Moon. After lunar surface operations, Starship HLS would lift off from the lunar surface acting as a 3050:(GLS) will be in charge of resupply missions. GLS has also contracted for the construction of a resupply vehicle, Dragon XL, capable of remaining docked to the Gateway for one year of operations, providing and generating its own power while docked, and capable of autonomous disposal at the end of its mission. 1231:(CLPS) program, several robotic landers will deliver scientific instruments and robotic rovers to the lunar surface after Artemis I. Additional CLPS missions are planned throughout the Artemis program to deliver payloads to the Moon base. These include habitat modules and rovers in support of crewed missions. 3782:, which is to be the first crewed mission to the Lunar Gateway slated for 2028, stating that the Dragon XL will be used to resupply and carry science experiments, however, Artemis IV will take place concurrently with a Starship launch which will dock at the Gateway and help with the assembly of the station. 10941: 4329:

as a single unit and landing directly on the surface. It would then be hooked up to a surface power system launched by a CLPS mission and tested by the Artemis VI crew. The Italian Space Agency signed a contract with Thales Alenia Space in late 2023 for the Multi Purpose Habitat, which may become the

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The second-stage Starships are fully self-contained spacecraft, complete with their own propulsion systems. The combined Starship system using standard Starship variants for its second-stage is planned to launch crews and cargo, which may then be used to support the various developmental needs of the

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for NASA. This budget did not initially include any money for the Block 1B and Block 2 variants of SLS, but later a request for a budget increase of $ 1.6 billion towards SLS, Orion, and crewed landers was made. Block 1B is now intended to debut on Artemis IV and will be used mainly for co-manifested

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In March 2024, NASA announced the scientific instruments to be included on the mission were a compact, autonomous seismometer suite called the Lunar Environment Monitoring Station, or LEMS. LEMS will characterize the regional structure of the Moon's crust and mantle to inform the development of lunar

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A Human Landing System (HLS) is a spacecraft that can convey crew members from NRHO to the lunar surface, support them on the surface, and return them to NRHO. Each crewed landing needs one HLS, although some or all of the spacecraft may be reusable. Each HLS must be launched from Earth and delivered

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And before NASA sends astronauts to the moon in 2024, the agency will first have to launch five aspects of the Gateway, all of which will be commercial vehicles that launch separately and join each other in lunar orbit. First, a power and propulsion element will launch in 2022. Then, the crew module

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On Day 2, the astronauts open the hatch on the Human Landing System and embark on EVA 1, which will be six hours long. It will include collecting a contingency sample, conducting public affairs activities, deploying the experiment package, and acquiring samples. The astronauts will stay close to the

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Implementation of the Artemis program will require additional programs, projects, and commercial launchers to support the construction of the Lunar Gateway, launch resupply missions to the station, and deploy numerous robotic spacecraft and instruments to the lunar surface. Several precursor robotic

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and Venturi Astrolab are the three companies developing the LTV in a 12-month feasibility and demo phase. A source selection statement by NASA provided further details on cost and overall feasibility on 9 April 2024. The Intuitive Machines proposal was for $ 1.692 billion, Lunar Outpost for $ 1.727

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contracts to develop and fly lunar landers with scientific payloads. The first phase considered proposals capable of delivering at least 10 kg (22 lb) of payload by the end of 2021. Proposals for mid-sized landers capable of delivering between 500 kg (1,100 lb) and 1,000 kg

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Artemis I was completed at 09:40 PST (17:40 UTC) on 11 December, when the Orion spacecraft splashed down in the Pacific Ocean, west of Baja California, after a record-breaking mission, which saw Artemis travel more than 1.4 million miles (2.3 million kilometers) on a path around

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The Artemis program is organized around a series of SLS missions. These space missions will increase in complexity and are scheduled to occur at intervals of a year or more. NASA and its partners have planned Artemis I through Artemis V missions; later Artemis missions have also been proposed. Each

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NASA has specified its need for a Lunar Terrain Vehicle (LTV) that has a cargo capacity of 800 kg, traversal distances of up to 20 km without battery recharging, continuous operations for 8 hours within a 24-hour period, the ability to survive the lunar night, and the ability to traverse

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The Dragon XL will stay at the Gateway for 6 to 12 months at a time, when research payloads inside and outside the cargo vessel could be operated remotely, even when crews are not present. Its payload capacity is expected to be more than 5,000 kilograms (11,000 lb) to lunar orbit. There is no

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The SpaceX Falcon Heavy is a partially reusable heavy-lift launcher. It will be used to launch the first two Gateway modules into NRHO. It will also be used to launch the Dragon XL spacecraft on supply missions to Gateway, and it is qualified to be bid for other launches under the CLPS program. It

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In addition to the initial SpaceX contract, NASA awarded two rounds of separate contracts in May 2019 and September 2021, on aspects of the HLS to encourage alternative designs, separately from the initial HLS development effort. It announced in March 2022 that it was developing new sustainability

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In regard to the PR, senior-lunar-scientist Clive Neal said "Under Constellation, NASA had a sophisticated rover put together. It's pretty sad if it's never going to get to the Moon". However Neal also said that he understands the different mission objectives between the Constellation Program and

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The Artemis Base Camp will support missions of up to two months and will be used to study technologies to use on future Moon or Mars bases, and then future stationary modules may be used regularly for decades to come through both Government and commercial programs. Most probably it will be a site

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Cargo resupply module to the outside of which radial docking ports, body mounted radiators (BMRs), batteries and communications antennae will be added. The HALO will be a scaled-down habitation module, yet, it will feature a functional pressurized volume providing sufficient command, control, and

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Bidding for NASA's HLS lunar landing vehicle began in 2019. At that time, NASA elected to have the HLS designed and developed by commercial vendors. Eleven competing contracts were initially awarded in May 2019. In April 2020, NASA awarded three competing design contracts, and in April 2021, NASA

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The first twelve payloads and experiments from NASA centers were announced on 21 February 2019. On 1 July 2019, NASA announced the selection of twelve additional payloads, provided by universities and industry. Seven of these are scientific investigations while five are technology demonstrations.

1408:, a change in national space policy that provides for a U.S.-led, integrated program with private sector partners for a human return to the Moon, followed by missions to Mars and beyond. The policy calls for the NASA administrator to "lead an innovative and sustainable program of exploration with 5640:

disagrees with NASA's current goals and priorities, including their plans for a lunar outpost. He questioned the benefit of the idea to "send a crew to an intermediate point in space, pick up a lander there and go down". However, Aldrin expressed support for Robert Zubrin's "Moon Direct" concept

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that NASA has been working with SpaceX to run a series of studies to refine the Dragon XL design and examine cargo configurations and other capabilities that could be enabled by the spacecraft. Wiese also elaborated that Dragon XL would be used for initial missions, and stating that “ talked to

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will dock with the Lunar Gateway station in NRHO prior to the landing. A prior support mission will deliver the first two Lunar Gateway modules to NRHO. The extra power of this mission's SLS Block 1B will allow it to deliver the I-HAB Gateway module for connection to the Lunar Gateway. Launch is

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In the Ascent Abort-2 test, NASA will verify that the Orion spacecraft's launch abort system can steer the capsule and astronauts inside it to safety in the event of an issue with the Space Launch System rocket when the spacecraft is under the highest aerodynamic loads it will experience during

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The Exploration Ground Systems (EGS) Program is one of three NASA programs based at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. EGS was established to develop and operate the systems and facilities necessary to process and launch rockets and spacecraft during assembly, transport, and launch. EGS is

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On 9 April 2024, it was announced that JAXA and NASA had signed an agreement stipulating that Japan would join the pressurized rover collaboration venture and would design, develop, and operate a rover for crewed and uncrewed exploration of the Moon. In return, NASA will provide the launch and

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intended to serve as a solar-powered communication hub, science laboratory, short-term habitation module, and holding area for rovers and other robots. While the project is led by NASA, the Gateway is meant to be developed, serviced, and used in collaboration with commercial and international

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has called the development schedule for Artemis III unrealistic and estimated that the Moon landing could be pushed to as late as 2028, saying that NASA officials had raised the possibility of using Artemis III to complete an additional fly-by of the Moon rather than a lunar landing mission.

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To account for all Artemis costs for FYs 2021 through 2025, including Phase 2 projects like the SLS Block 1B, Mobile Launcher 2, and Gateway, we found that $ 25 billion should be added to the Artemis Plan's estimated costs, increasing the total costs over this 5-year period to $ 53 billion.

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known as the Foundation Habitat, along with the Mobile Habitat, which is expected to occur in March 2032. The Foundation Habitat would be launched back to back with the Mobile Habitat by an undetermined super heavy launcher and would be used for extended crewed lunar surface missions.

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regarding both a crewed and uncrewed unpressurized surface rover. The latter, Lunar Terrain Vehicle (LTV) would be prepositioned by a CLPS vehicle before the Artemis III mission. It would be used to transport crews around the exploration site and serve a similar function to the Apollo

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concept of operations, i.e., a hypothetical but possible plan, would include the following: On Day 1 of the stay, astronauts touchdown on the Moon but do not conduct an EVA. Instead, they prepare for the EVA scheduled for the next day, in what is referred to as "The Road to EVA".

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Starting in 2029, Block 2 is planned to replace the initial Shuttle-derived boosters with advanced boosters and would have a LEO capability of more than 130 t (130 long tons; 140 short tons), again as required by Congress. Block 2 is intended to enable crewed launches to

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for a follow-on CLPS delivery of cargo to the Moon in 2022. On 23 June 2021, Masten Space Systems announced it was delayed until November 2023. Dave Masten, the founder and chief technology officer, blamed the delay on the COVID pandemic and industry-wide supply chain issues.

13341:. "After Artemis 3, NASA would launch four additional crewed missions to the lunar surface between 2025 and 2028. Meanwhile, the agency would work to expand the Gateway by launching additional components and crew vehicles and laying the foundation for an eventual Moon base". 3791:

The Human Landing System (HLS) is a critical component of the Artemis mission. This system transports crew from lunar orbit (the Gateway or an Orion spacecraft) to the lunar surface, acts as a lunar habitat, and then transports the crew back to lunar orbit. In 2021 SpaceX's

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engines mounted at the tail as its primary propulsion system. However, when it is within "tens of meters" of the lunar surface during descent and ascent, it will use high-thrust methane/oxygen RCS thrusters located mid-body instead of the Raptors to avoid raising dust via

1522:(GAO) on 26 April. After the GAO rejected the protests, Blue Origin sued NASA over the award, and NASA agreed to stop work on the contract until 1 November 2021 as the lawsuit proceeded. The judge dismissed the suit on 4 November 2021 and NASA resumed work with SpaceX. 1537:

rules and pursuing both a Starship HLS upgrade (an option under the initial SpaceX contract) and new competing alternative designs. These came after criticism from members of Congress over lack of redundancy and competition, and led NASA to ask for additional support.

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The Lunar Surface Instrument and Technology Payloads (LSITP) program was soliciting payloads in 2019 that do not require significant additional development. They will include technology demonstrators to advance lunar science or the commercial development of the Moon.

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for the mission was reported on track to be handed over to NASA in summer 2024. The first integrated test for the mission, which included the next generation space suits developed by Axiom Space, and the airlock module of Starship HLS was conducted in June 2024. The

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report released on May 1 reported the mission was still on track, provided corrective actions on the Orion heat shield were made. The Artemis II crew planned to conduct a series of trainings and simulations prior to launch, the first of which occurred in May. The

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Artemis I was originally scheduled for late 2016, and as delays accrued, eventually for late 2021, but the launch date was then pushed back to 29 August 2022. Various delays related to final infrastructure repairs and weather pushed the launch date further out.

13314:. "This decade-long plan, which entails 37 launches of private and NASA rockets, as well as a mix of robotic and human landers, culminates with a 'Lunar Surface Asset Deployment' in 2028, likely the beginning of a surface outpost for long-duration crew stays". 3955:

spacecraft that would retrieve a multi-ton boulder from an asteroid and bring it to lunar orbit for study. When ARM was canceled, the solar electric propulsion was repurposed for the Gateway. The PPE will allow access to the entire lunar surface and act as a

10949: 4931:, such as refueling depots and expendable elements of the lunar lander, would be deployed by commercial launch vehicles. The most updated manifest includes missions suggested in NASA's timelines that have not been designed or funded from Artemis IV to IX. 1436:, and creates entirely new programs such as the Human Landing System. The in-development Space Launch System is expected to serve as the primary launch vehicle for Orion, while commercial launch vehicles will launch various other elements of the program. 1235:

to NRHO in one or more launches. The initial commercial contract was awarded to SpaceX for two Starship HLS missions, one uncrewed and one crewed as part of Artemis III. These two missions each require one HLS launch and multiple fueling launches, all on

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Witze, Alexandria (16 November 2022). "Lift off! Artemis Moon rocket launch kicks off new era of human exploration – NASA's Artemis I has entered Earth orbit. It will test a rocket and capsule that could return astronauts to the Moon after 50 years".

3690:, while at least four test articles were produced. By 2022, three flight-worthy Orion crew modules have been built, with an additional one ordered, for use in the Artemis program; the first of these was due to be launched on 30 November 2020, however 7212: 1525:

On 25 September 2021, NASA released its first digital, interactive graphic novel in celebration of National Comic Book Day. "First Woman: NASA's Promise for Humanity" is the fictional story of Callie Rodriguez, the first woman to explore the Moon.

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The launch at 12.05 UTC aboard a Delta IV heavy rocket from Cape Canaveral, Florida, was as free of problems as Thursday's aborted attempt was full of them. Immediately, Nasa tweeted "Liftoff! #Orion's flight test launches a critical step on our

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Day 4 will not include an EVA, but Day 5 will. EVA 3 may include activities such as collecting samples from an ejecta blanket. Day 6 will have the two astronauts deploy a geotechnical instrument alongside an environmental monitoring station for

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and to bring back to Earth new knowledge and opportunities". The effort intends to more effectively organize government, private industry, and international efforts toward returning humans to the Moon and laying the foundation of eventual human

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In October 2022, NASA launch managers decided on a new launch date in November, which were again slightly delayed due to preparation and weather. On 16 November at 01:47:44 EST (06:47:44 UTC), Artemis I successfully launched from the

1343:), and use of the commercial space industry within defined budget limits. The committee concluded that the Constellation program was massively underfunded and that a 2020 Moon landing was impossible. Constellation was subsequently put on hold. 4010:

In 2024, the HALO module reached substantial completion and entered into the stress test phase, following successful completion of which it will be shipped from Europe to the US in preparation for configuration with the PPE module and launch.

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NASA's Orion spacecraft returned safely to Earth this morning following a picture-perfect test mission. Orion itself was originally part of NASA's now-defunct Constellation program, and is now a key component of the space agency's Mars

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As of the early mission concepts outlined by NASA in May 2020 and refined by the HLS contract award in July 2021, the primary Earth-launch vehicles planned to support the Artemis program will include the NASA Space Launch System for the

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In mid-2019, NASA requested US$ 1.6 billion in additional funding for Artemis for fiscal year 2020, while the Senate Appropriations Committee requested from NASA a five-year budget profile which is needed for evaluation and approval by

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Support missions include robotic landers, delivery of Gateway modules, Gateway logistics, delivery of the HLS, and delivery of elements of the Moon base. Most of these missions are executed under NASA contracts to commercial providers.

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Most of the information about the Surface Habitat (SH) modules comes from studies and launch manifests which include a reference to its launch. It will be commercially built and commercially launched in the early 2030s along with the

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is a space station to be constructed in lunar orbit, and the Gateway Logistics Services program will provide cargo and other supplies to the station, even when crews are not present. As of 2022, only SpaceX's supply vehicle, known as

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The first orbital test flight of NASA's Orion crew capsule will lift off on top of a United Launch Alliance Delta 4 rocket from Cape Canaveral's Complex 37B launch pad. The rocket will send the unmanned crew module 3,600 miles above

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craters, due to this area's wide variety of lunar geography and also due to the abundance of water ice that is believed to exist in the lunar soils of the crater floors. The environs of these craters fall under the guidelines of the

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Artemis I (2022) was the successful uncrewed test of the SLS and Orion, and was the first test flight for both craft. The Artemis I mission placed Orion into a lunar orbit and then returned to Earth. The SLS Block 1 design uses the

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for the mission was completed and handed over to NASA in 2023. Testing is underway on the Orion module for Artemis II. In April 2024, Lockheed was on track to hand over the Orion module by September after testing was complete. An

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The program attracted criticism for the fact that at least 15 launches will be required to refuel HLS in orbit per crewed mission. In 2024, SpaceX's Jennifer Jensen stated on a call that Starship HLS will require ten launches.

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The Pressurized Rover (PR) is a large, pressurized module used to enable crewed operation across large distances and live for multiple days. NASA had developed multiple pressurized rovers including what was formerly called the

3019:. Other standard SpaceX Starships may be used later to meet other and yet to be determined crew and/or cargo handling mission needs. Additional launch vehicles will also be employed later for CLPS cargo services. The European 12980:

Orion's key systems were put to the test during the flight, which launched atop a United Launch Alliance Delta 4 Heavy rocket the craft hit Earth's atmosphere as the capsule was flying through space at about 20,000 mph

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spacecraft launched by Falcon Heavy. Each Dragon XL will remain attached to Gateway for up to six months. The Dragon XLs will not return to Earth, but will be disposed of, probably by deliberate crashes on the lunar surface.

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On February 22, 2023, NASA discussed the Dragon XL's development for the first time since its 2020 unveiling, with Mark Wiese, NASA's manager of deep space logistics for the Gateway program, answering during a panel at

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data handling capabilities, energy storage and power distribution, thermal control, communications and tracking capabilities, two axial and up to two radial docking ports, stowage volume, environmental control and

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In November 2018, NASA announced the first nine companies that were qualified to bid on the CLPS transportation service contracts (see list below). On 31 May 2019, three of those were awarded lander contracts:

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requirement for a return to Earth. At the end of the mission the Dragon XL must be able to undock and dispose of the same mass it can bring to the Gateway, by moving the spacecraft to a heliocentric orbit.

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Artemis II (2025) is planned to be the first crewed test flight of SLS and the Orion spacecraft. The four crew members will perform extensive testing in Earth orbit, and Orion will then be boosted into a

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and will be the third lunar landing of the Artemis program. In addition, Artemis V will deliver two new elements to the Gateway Space Station. After docking to the Gateway, two astronauts will board the

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rejected the White House's requested funding increase. The bill proposed in the House dedicated only US$ 700 million toward the Human Landing System, 81% (US$ 3 billion) short of the requested amount.

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evolution and how it all worked together, but we’re not there yet because it's still in a development phase” insinuating that Starship will eventually replace Dragon XL once it completes development.

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and Falcon Heavy to launch a crewed Orion mission given SLS delays. Given the complexity of conversion to a different vehicle, the agency ultimately decided to use only the SLS to launch astronauts.

1369:, Constellation program, and other NASA programs. The law also invested in space technologies and robotics capabilities tied to the overall space exploration framework, ensured continued support for 1186: 1077: 13442: 4486:

NASA published a draft RFP to procure commercially-produced spacesuits in order to meet the 2024 schedule. On 2 June 2022, NASA announced that commercially produced spacesuits would be developed by

3851:. In contrast to other proposed HLS designs that used multiple stages, the entire spacecraft will land on the Moon and will then launch from the Moon. Like other Starship variants, Starship HLS has 13815: 11971: 11580: 9823: 9277: 3860:. A solar array located on the nose below the docking port provides electrical power. Elon Musk stated that Starship HLS would be able to deliver "potentially up to 200 tons" to the lunar surface. 2936:

officially announced the Artemis Accords on 15 May 2020. It consists of a series of multilateral agreements between the governments of participating nations in the Artemis program "grounded in the

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Artemis III is expected to launch in September 2026 as the first crewed landing on the Moon since Apollo 17. In February 2024, NASA completed full qualification testing of the docking systems on

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The Pressurized Rovers (PR), a pressurized vehicle complete with small backup habitation facilities, thus enabling multi-day and longer-range explorations tens of kilometers away from the Base.

3735:(GLS) contract. The equipment delivered by Dragon XL missions could include sample collection materials, spacesuits and other items astronauts may need on the Gateway and on the surface of the 1864:

to Starship HLS is a key capability necessary to complete the Artemis III mission. A ship-to-ship propellant transfer demonstration to further prove out the capability is expected in 2025. The

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audit reported a conclusion that the spacesuits would not be ready until April 2025 at the earliest, likely delaying the mission from the then planned late 2024. In response to the IG report,

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for visiting craft. It will also serve as the command and communications center of the Gateway. The PPE is intended to have a mass of 8–9 tonnes and the capability to generate 50 kW of

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mission. Blue Moon is smaller than the SpaceX HLS lander, having only 20 tons of payload capacity. The lander is fueled with a combination of liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen propellants.

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Separate from its early design and development program for its first HLS spacecraft, NASA retains multiple smaller contracts to study various elements of alternative HLS designs.

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optimized to operate on and around the Moon. In contrast to the Starship spacecraft from which it derives, Starship HLS will never re-enter an atmosphere, so it does not have a

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The Starship Human Landing System (Starship HLS) was the winner selected by NASA for potential use for long-duration crewed lunar landings as part of NASA's Artemis program.

9250: 9174: 8935: 950: 12716: 11241: 10406: 3867:, and would use a series of tanker spacecraft to refuel the Starship HLS vehicle in Earth orbit for lunar transit and lunar landing operations, a capability referred to as 3670:. Following the cancellation of the Constellation program in 2010, Orion was heavily redesigned for use in NASA's Journey to Mars initiative; later named Moon to Mars. The 10059: 14005: 11343: 10548: 6896: 4291:

The Artemis Base Camp is the proposed lunar base to be established at the end of the 2020s. The Base camp is to be located in the south pole region near the two adjacent

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In November 2019, NASA added five contractors to the group of companies who are eligible to bid to send large payloads to the surface of the Moon under the CLPS program:

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Furthermore, when considering the $ 40 billion already spent on the Artemis mission from FYs 2012 to 2020, the total projected cost through FY 2025 becomes $ 93 billion.

5610:, which is part of the Artemis program as of 2027. He presented an alternative approach to a 2024 crewed lunar landing called "Moon Direct", a successor to his proposed 3053:

In May 2019, the plan was for components of a crewed lunar lander to be deployed to the Gateway on commercial launchers before the arrival of the first crewed mission,

15031: 13047:] Constellation Program and the abort system design changed from PA-1 to AA-2 both inside and outside in preparation for a scheduled daybreak test on 2 July 2010. 3935:

Phase 1 early Gateway with Power and Propulsion Element (left), Habitation and Logistics Outpost (center foreground), and cargo spacecraft (center background) depicted

2152:. On 29 July 2019, NASA announced that it had granted OrbitBeyond's request to be released from obligations under the contract citing "internal corporate challenges". 1328: 11902: 10906: 7521: 3889:

On 19 May 2023, NASA announced an additional contract to Blue Origin to develop a second crewed lunar lander, which will make its first crewed flight as part of the

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to purchase materials in bulk for more SLS rockets ahead of the announcement of a new contract. The contract was expected to support up to ten core stages and eight

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On 27 March 2020, SpaceX revealed the Dragon XL resupply spacecraft to carry pressurized and unpressurized cargo, experiments and other supplies to NASA's planned

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and was fabricated and then tested. In the 2020 flight manifest it was later referred to as the "Mobile Habitat" suggesting it could fill a similar role to the

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said he thought the agency has "a very good shot" to get this budget through Congress despite Democratic concerns around the program. However, in July 2020 the

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Orbital Sciences Corporation (NYSE:ORB) today announced that it has been selected to design and build the next-generation NASA Orion Abort Test Booster (ATB).

12997: 10574: 7119: 1634:, which was deemed to be more efficient by program officials. In July, the Orion spacecraft was moved from the testing cell to the altitude chamber inside the 10716: 8433: 6029: 1496:

reiterated those budget concerns when asked about the project's schedule, clarifying that "The 2024 lunar landing goal may no longer be a realistic target ".

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in 2027. The Gateway will be supported and resupplied by approximately 28 commercial cargo missions launched by undetermined commercial launch vehicles. The

1130:(ICPS) second stage, which performs the trans-lunar injection burn to send Orion to lunar space. For Artemis I, Orion braked into a polar distant retrograde 13041:

This will be the second and final planned LAS test following the Pad Abort-1 (PA-1) development test conducted in 2010 as a part of the ccanceled [

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The Habitation and Logistics Outpost (HALO), also called the Minimal Habitation Module (MHM) and formerly known as the Utilization Module, will be built by

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Space Policy Directive 1 authorized the lunar-focused campaign. The campaign, later named Artemis, draws upon legacy US spacecraft programs, including the

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NASA also will look for payloads for the miniature landers in addition to landers capable of delivering 500 to 1000 kilograms to the surface of the Moon.

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itself which will be designed only for lunar landings and takeoffs, and not for Earth landings. Some variants will be able to return to Earth for reuse.

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mission was delayed until at least 2025. It has since been delayed to September 2026. Artemis VII is expected to deliver a crew of four astronauts to a

4007:). In return, Europe will have three flight opportunities to launch crew aboard the Orion crew capsule, for which they will provide the service module. 1478:. The total budget would have been US$ 25.2 billion per year with US$ 3.7 billion dedicated toward a Human Landing System. NASA Chief Financial Officer 13943: 12400: 11687: 10824: 8809: 8202: 6688: 10746: 9609: 9206: 6865: 2012:

with Gateway and complete the fourth crewed lunar surface expedition of the Artemis missions. As of 2024, the Airlock module is under construction by

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launchers. NASA later exercised an option under the initial contract to commission an upgraded Starship HLS for Artemis IV and a separate contract to

1181:(2030) is planned to be the third crewed lunar landing, which will deliver four astronauts to the Lunar Gateway station. The mission will deliver the 1152:(2026) is planned to be the first American crewed lunar landing since Apollo 17 in December 1972. The mission depends on a support mission to place a 1134:

and remained for about six days before boosting back toward Earth. The Orion capsule separated from its service module, re-entered the atmosphere for

16180: 10173: 9076: 8364:"Canadian Space Agency astronauts Jenni Gibbons and Joshua Kutryk to contribute to future missions, from the International Space Station to the Moon" 5834: 4398: 943: 13465: 12761:, the suits would not be ready for flight until April 2025 at the earliest ... a lunar landing in late 2024 as NASA currently plans is not feasible. 12031: 9379: 9043: 8176: 17142: 17137: 13617: 10490: 8289: 7538: 7338: 7008: 6958: 6477: 3768: 2023:

The crewed Orion spacecraft and Gateway’s Crew and Science Airlock will launch as a co-manifested payload on an SLS Block 1B rocket to lunar orbit.

13222: 12967: 6811: 6758: 4355:. Unlike the previous EVA, the astronauts will go farther from the landing site, up to 2 kilometres (1.2 mi), and up and down slopes of 20°. 1037:

infrastructure for Artemis, and the Lunar Gateway plays a supporting role in human habitation. Supporting infrastructures for Artemis include the

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to be capable of supporting missions beyond low Earth orbit starting in 2016, while making use of the workforce, assets, and capabilities of the

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and an author of several space exploration studies, stated in an article that the "lunar orbit project doesn't help us get back to the Moon".

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Under the CLPS (Commercial Lunar Payload Service) program, qualified CLPS vendors can use any launcher that meets their mission requirements.

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was selected under CLPS to launch the VIPER mission, though this mission was later cancelled in 2024 due to cost overruns and mission delays.

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announced that NASA's Moon landing goal would be accelerated by four years with a planned landing in 2024. On 14 May 2019, NASA Administrator

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Orion's first launch on the Space Launch System was originally set in 2016, but faced numerous delays; it launched on 16 November 2022 as the

488: 18062: 16245: 16170: 15657: 12613: 11508: 11477: 8961: 7887: 7497: 6445: 6178: 972: 15001: 13964: 13909:"Jeff Foust on X: "Best part of the just-completed briefing: question about how many refueling launches will be needed for Starship HLS..."" 13535: 12590: 12423: 9800: 9349: 8154: 7464: 7045: 1928:

The crewed Orion spacecraft and Lunar I-Hab Gateway element will launch as a co-manifested payload on an SLS Block 1B rocket to lunar orbit.

18042: 16447: 14914: 14039: 12269: 9320: 6658: 6635: 3975:(NGIS). A single Falcon Heavy equipped with an extended fairing will launch the PPE together with the HALO in 2027. The HALO is based on a 2504:

On 29 Jul 2019, NASA accepted a request for contract termination from OrbitBeyond given its identification of internal corporate challenges

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with the Gateway Space Station. Launch is scheduled for no earlier than March 2031. As of 2024, the Airlock module is under construction.

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development will most likely start in the late 2020s after NASA is regularly visiting the lunar surface and shifts focus towards Mars.

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crew transfers and logistics rather than constructing the Gateway as initially planned. An uncrewed Block 1B was planned to launch the

1987:

The crewed Orion spacecraft and the Lunar View element will launch as a co-manifested payload on an SLS Block 1B rocket to lunar orbit.

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Mark Kirasich, who is the acting director of NASA's Advanced Exploration Systems, has stated that the current plan is to partner with

4401:. It would be ready for the crew to use on the surface but could also be autonomously controlled from the Gateway or other locations. 4194:

The Surface Habitat (SH) modules, which is the initial dwelling structure and a surface home base for the first residents of the Moon.

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Artemis VI is expected to launch in March 2031. According to NASA, the primary objectives of this mission would be to integrate the

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In April 2020, NASA awarded funding to Blue Origin, Dynetics, and SpaceX for 10-month-long preliminary design studies for the HLS.

12799: 10850: 9547: 8931: 1117:. Missions after Artemis II will depend on support missions launched by other organizations and spacecraft for support functions. 16265: 15998: 13405: 9246: 9170: 6485: 5977: 4583: 4185:

An artist's rendition of an Artemis astronaut wearing the xEMU spacesuit and xPLS life support backpack during an EVA on the Moon

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Delivery of I-Hab to the Gateway will be via the SLS Block 1B launch vehicle with Orion providing orbital insertion and docking.

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launcher. Originally planned to be available prior to Artemis III, as of 2021 it is planned for availability before Artemis IV.

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Artemis V is expected to launch in March 2030. The mission will launch four astronauts on a Space Launch System rocket and an

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announced the first group of 18 astronauts (all American, including 9 male and 9 female from different backgrounds), the 1st

1146:, which will return Orion back to Earth for re-entry and splashdown. Launch is scheduled for no earlier than September 2025. 632: 13658: 8455: 4201:(LTV), which is an unpressurized rover cart for transporting suited astronauts and cargo around in the vicinity of the Base. 3534:

and which will have several variants. A Starship HLS mission will use three variants: a tanker, a propellant depot, and the

1357:, which included requirements for the immediate development of the Space Launch System as a follow-on launch vehicle to the 17738: 17444: 16240: 16047: 15570: 13752: 11928: 8424:"A Canadian astronaut will be on NASA's Artemis deep space lunar orbit as well the first non American to leave earth orbit" 5893:

If an ancillary mission has already delivered Gateway to NRHO, HLS and Orion will dock to Gateway instead of to each other.

5828: 5656: 847: 3999:(ESA) finalized an agreement to collaborate in the Gateway program. ESA will provide a habitat module in partnership with 1689:(right) are planned to be the first person of color, woman, and non-US citizen to go beyond low Earth orbit, respectively. 18431: 18406: 18401: 18151: 16616: 16423: 15823: 15797: 15753: 12174: 11894: 11018: 9867: 9785: 7518: 6073: 4218:

In 2022, NASA has identified 13 candidate regions near the lunar South Pole for initial landing and inspection missions.

4052: 3972: 892: 867: 383: 13024: 11211: 9733: 8892: 6981: 6911: 6125: 4043:. Some of the astronauts will fly on the Artemis missions to the Moon and may be part of the first crew to fly to Mars. 18281: 17784: 16459: 16452: 16057: 14959: 14336: 14305: 14295: 13779: 12476: 11820: 9689: 8835: 7307:"NASA selects SpaceX as its sole provider for a lunar lander - "We looked at what's the best value to the government."" 7269: 6781: 1127: 583: 194: 11277: 11189: 9667: 8909:

NASA's new Commercial Lunar Payload Services (CLPS) effort to award contracts to provide capabilities as soon as 2019.

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in 2028, the first lunar outpost of the Artemis program, but now that launch has been moved to a commercial launcher.

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test on 2 July 2019 tested the final iteration of the launch abort system on a 10,000 kg (22,000 lb) Orion

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Companion program to Artemis to provide nanosatellite solutions and exploration support for crewed Artemis missions.

2116: 2106: 2065: 2046: 1433: 1228: 1019: 473: 301: 13499: 11797: 11423: 7109: 1630:: future missions starting with Artemis III will have the core stage partly built after arriving at KSC, managed by 18426: 18057: 17779: 16260: 16208: 15966: 15553: 15462: 15169: 15152: 14907: 12826: 12316: 10747:"ESA Television - Videos - 2024 - 05 - Ariane 6 first flight: timelapse of transfer and assembly on the launch pad" 10232: 8423: 5917: 5360: 4471: 2013: 1910: 1614: 1530: 1519: 882: 852: 438: 98: 13864: 13290: 10328: 9106: 8499: 1243:

to develop a third crewed lunar lander, which will make its first crewed flight as part of the Artemis V mission.

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on the Moon, Moon rovers, and spacesuits. Some aspects of the program have been criticized, such as the use of a

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those of the Artemis Program, and the need of the Artemis Program to focus more on international collaboration.

2032:

Artemis VI crew members will use the Human Landing System to descend to and later ascend from the lunar surface.

1937:

Artemis IV crew members will use the Human Landing System to descend to and later ascend from the lunar surface.

16040: 16030: 15728: 14593: 14385: 9480: 8392: 8306: 8060: 7725: 7076: 4586:. Current plans call for some supporting hardware to be launched on other vehicles and from other launch pads. 4338:

As of February 2020, a lunar stay during a Phase 1 Artemis mission will be about seven days and will have five

1996:

Artemis V crew members will use the Human Landing System to descend to and later ascend from the lunar surface.

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is planned for early 2031. After Artemis VI, NASA plans yearly landings on the Moon from then on. However, the

762: 14971: 14643: 13466:"Nasa Peregrine 1 launch: Vulcan Centaur rocket carrying Nasa moon lander lifts off in Florida – live updates" 13351: 12640: 10082: 8991: 8130:"Artemis 2 astronauts simulated a day in the life on their moon mission. Here's what they learned (exclusive)" 7348: 5504:

Lunar Surface Scaled Construction Demo 2; Autonomous Robotics Demo; Deployable Hopper 2; ISRU Subscale Demo 2

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preparing the infrastructure to support NASA's Space Launch System (SLS) rocket and its payloads, such as the

2069: 18411: 18256: 17332: 16338: 16233: 15073: 15068: 14300: 14108: 12963: 11044: 10658: 8755: 8645: 8549: 6414: 5385:

Lunar Surface Power Demo; Lunar Surface Scaled Construction Demo 1; ISRU Pilot Excavator; ISRU Subscale Demo

2829: 1700: 1153: 12396: 11679: 8805: 7077:"NASA has a lot to tackle this year as Biden takes charge. Here's what the agency's acting chief has to say" 4351:

landing site on this first EVA. EVA 2 begins on day 3. The astronauts characterize and collect samples from

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program was awarded the winning NASA bid for the production of a crewed lunar landing vehicle. In May 2023,

18072: 18032: 17855: 17814: 17586: 16557: 16488: 16354: 15896: 15765: 15019: 14989: 14201: 9601: 7203:"Press Briefing by Press Secretary Jen Psaki and National Security Advisor Jake Sullivan, February 4, 2021" 5845: 5823: 5692: 5623: 5356: 5223: 4360: 3940: 3840: 3773: 3531: 3027: 2482: 2302: 2180: 2054: 1906: 1475: 1374: 423: 13195: 10169: 8012:"NASA, Lockheed Martin working to resolve Artemis II Orion issues, deliver spacecraft around summer's end" 18416: 18276: 18203: 18052: 17981: 17914: 17389: 16250: 16197: 16160: 16119: 16013: 15718: 15698: 15613: 15437: 15176: 15122: 14900: 14881: 14390: 13562:"Astrobotic Selects United Launch Alliance Vulcan Centaur Rocket to Launch its First Mission to the Moon" 12845: 10628:"Virginia has a rocket launch site, and it's about to grow with the most successful startup since SpaceX" 5804: 5627: 5626:

and transfer the crew from LEO to the lunar surface. The concept bears a heavy resemblance to NASA's own

4920: 4352: 4274: 4137: 2338: 1378: 1332: 1157: 1050: 767: 617: 560: 17: 14623: 11964:"Justification for other than full and open competition (JOFOC) for the Minimal Habitation Module (MHM)" 10570: 8281: 4249:. In July 2020, NASA established a program office for the rover at the Johnson Space Center in Houston. 18306: 18266: 18132: 17946: 16052: 15993: 15868: 15780: 15510: 15376: 14668: 14633: 14157: 14152: 14140: 12546: 8011: 6742: 5799: 3732: 3683: 3624: 3481: 3047: 2968: 2949: 2925: 1631: 1459:. Despite the immediate new goals, Mars missions by the 2030s were still intended as of May 2019. 1042: 495: 433: 12774:"Elon Musk offers for SpaceX to make NASA spacesuits, after watchdog says program to cost $ 1 billion" 12641:"NASA eyes closed-cabin rover "like an RV for the Moon" in first step toward long-term lunar presence" 7673: 7621: 6312: 4023:, nicknamed the "Turtles", graduated and were assigned to the Artemis program. The group includes two 3991:

Gateway design architecture as of October 2020, which includes European, Japanese, and Russian modules

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the Moon before returning safely to Earth. The splashdown occurred 50 years to the day since NASA's

18396: 18017: 16331: 16203: 16127: 15401: 14977: 14710: 14689: 14567: 14310: 14135: 14101: 13352:"NASA Exploration Production and Operations Long-Term Sustainability Request for Information (RFI)" 10021: 9898: 8525:"[Video] Airbus Defence and Space on LinkedIn: #moon #teamairbus #esm #orion | 16 comments" 7451:

protest prevented SpaceX from starting its contract for 95 days while the GAO adjudicated the case.

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As of November 2022, all crewed Artemis missions will launch on the Space Launch System from

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as Orion's primary launch vehicle, and the service module was replaced with a design based on the

1246:

The first two Gateway modules (PPE and HALO) will be delivered to NRHO in a single launch using a

18225: 18156: 18067: 17976: 17904: 17824: 17819: 17744: 17132: 17127: 16791: 16562: 16366: 16035: 15972: 15947: 15792: 15645: 15580: 15291: 15252: 15211: 15112: 14745: 14628: 14527: 14280: 12582: 8061:"Artemis 2 Orion spacecraft starts testing ahead of moon mission with astronauts in 2025 (video)" 6954: 6547: 5850: 4544: 4444: 4261: 4170: 4028: 4020: 3644: 3612: 3505: 3442: 3315: 2344: 1865: 1609: 1500: 1161: 968: 595: 388: 86: 17996: 14035: 14006:"This is Lockheed Martin's idea for a reusable lander that carries people and cargo to the Moon" 13940:"NASA administrator on new Moon plan: "We're doing this in a way that's never been done before"" 12517:"Exploration EVA System Concept of Operations Summary for Artemis Phase 1 Lunar Surface Mission" 12121: 10772: 8111: 6689:"NASA administrator on new Moon plan: "We're doing this in a way that's never been done before"" 6631: 5000:

Lunar landing with the delivery of lunar surface logistics and the Foundational Surface Habitat

4190:

that has already been visited by prior robotic missions. It will consist of three main modules:

2361: 1626:(KSC) in July. Notably, the SLS core stage for Artemis II was the last to be fully built at the 1197:. Launch is scheduled for no earlier than March 2030. The mission will also be the first to use 18436: 17789: 17253: 16275: 16218: 15740: 15723: 15669: 15632: 15432: 15406: 15361: 15117: 14540: 14484: 14320: 14315: 12397:"NASA has a plan for yearly Artemis moon flights through 2030. The first one could fly in 2021" 10460: 5860: 5615: 5454: 5429: 5141: 4843: 4707: 4530: 4036: 3884: 3848: 3418: 3339: 2825: 2427: 1965: 1870: 1464: 1389: 1202: 1143: 1093: 912: 463: 17892: 16891: 13704:

NASA said Griffin was now expected to be ready for the mission no earlier than September 2025.

13059: 9966:"US and seven other countries sign NASA's Artemis Accords to set rules for exploring the Moon" 7465:"Bezos' Blue Origin takes NASA to federal court over award of lunar lander contract to SpaceX" 7174: 6549: 2026:

Orion will deliver the Crew and Science Airlock to Gateway, where it will dock to Lunar I-Hab.

18291: 18251: 18246: 18220: 17862: 17804: 17726: 17324: 17314: 17162: 16440: 16396: 16310: 16223: 16213: 16155: 16025: 16020: 15861: 15526: 15488: 15457: 15366: 15265: 15247: 15147: 14663: 14522: 14496: 14290: 14285: 14186: 13808:"NASA's unnecessary US$ 504 million lunar orbit project doesn't help us get back to the Moon" 12827:"NASA just picked these 2 companies to build next-gen spacesuits for the moon, space station" 12342: 10228:"Artemis Programs: NASA Should Document and Communicate Plans to Address Gateway's Mass Risk" 9991: 7270:"The Biden administration has set out to dismantle Trump's legacy, except in one area: Space" 5253: 5249: 5150: 5145: 5117: 4852: 4394: 4227: 4198: 4024: 3996: 3931: 3921: 3917: 3872: 3679: 3667: 3636: 3264: 3031: 2248: 2242: 2141: 2075: 1973: 1839: 1793: 1366: 1301: 1277: 1194: 1182: 1089: 1081: 995: 988: 877: 483: 443: 395: 368: 102: 14074: 13988: 13908: 13329:, . "NASA's 'notional' plan for a human return to the Moon by 2024, and an outpost by 2028". 10907:"NASA completes Exploration Upper Stage CDR, focuses new office on SLS Block 1B development" 10429: 9646:"Key Propulsion System Components To Be Delivered By ArianeGroup for Artemis 3 Moon Mission" 7268: 6595: 3603:

spacecraft to be used in the Artemis program. The spacecraft consists of a Crew Module (CM)

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