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329:. Some methods and equipment were similar to methods used today, such as wooden pipes used in the victims nostrils to blow air into the lungs. Or the use of bellows with a flexible tube for blowing tobacco smoke through the anus to revive vestigial life in the victim's intestines, which was discontinued with the eventual further understanding of respiration.
274:. Diaphragm pacing is a technique used by persons with spinal cord injuries who are on a mechanical ventilator to aid with breathing, speaking, and overall quality of life. It may be possible to reduce reliance on a mechanical ventilator with diaphragm pacing. Historically, this has been accomplished through the electrical stimulation of a
221:. In most cases tubes with inflatable cuffs are used for protection against leakage and aspiration. Intubation with a cuffed tube is thought to provide the best protection against aspiration. Downside of tracheal tubes is the pain and coughing that follows. Therefore, unless a patient is unconscious or anesthetized,
720:
97:
Here are some key words used throughout the article. The process of forcing air into and out of the lungs is known as ventilation. The process by which oxygen is taken in by the bloodstream is called oxygenation. Lung compliance is the capacity of the lungs to contract and expand. The obstruction of
345:. It involved placing the patient on his stomach and applying pressure to the lower part of the ribs. It was the standard method of artificial respiration taught in Red Cross and similar first aid manuals for decades, until mouth-to-mouth resuscitation became the preferred technique in mid-century.
94:
prevents the accumulation of carbon dioxide so that the lungs don't collapse due to the low pressure. The use of artificial ventilation can be traced back to the seventeenth century. There are three ways of exchanging gases in the body: manual methods, mechanical ventilation, and neurostimulation.
93:
a metabolic process to exchange gases in the body by pulmonary ventilation, external respiration, and internal respiration. A machine called a ventilator provides the person air manually by moving air in and out of the lungs when an individual is unable to breathe on their own. The ventilator
717:
310:(1736–1808) began publicizing the power of artificial ventilation to resuscitate people who superficially appeared to have drowned. For a year he paid a reward out of his own pocket to any one bringing him a body rescued from the water within a reasonable time of immersion.
141:, whereas lay first aiders are advised to undertake full CPR in any case where the patient is not breathing. This method of insufflation has been proved more effective than methods which involve mechanical manipulation of the patient's chest or arms, such as the
341:. A method in which a patient is laid on their back and their arms are raised above their head to aid inhalation and then pressed against their chest to aid exhalation. In 1903, another manual technique, the "prone pressure" method, was introduced by Sir
336:
in 1856 suggested against the use of any type of bellows/positive pressure ventilation. These views that were held for several decades. The introduction of a common method of external manual manipulation in 1858, was the "Silvester Method" invented by
294:
may have been the first to describe artificial ventilation: "If you take a dead animal and blow air through its larynx through a reed, you will fill its bronchi and watch its lungs attain the greatest distention."
741:
Esteban A, Ferguson ND, Meade MO, Frutos-Vivar F, Apezteguia C, Brochard L, Raymondos K, Nin N, Hurtado J, Tomicic V, González M, Elizalde J, Nightingale P, Abroug F, Pelosi P (2008-01-15).
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airflow via the respiratory tract is known as airway resistance. The amount of ventilated air that is not involved in gas exchange is known as dead-space ventilation.
1391:
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STEVEN J. SOMERSON, MICHAEL R. SICILIA, Historical perspectives on the development and use of mechanical ventilation, AANA Journal
February 1992/Vol.60/No.1, page 85
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drugs are usually given to provide tolerance of the tube. Other disadvantages of tracheal intubation include damage to the mucosal lining of the
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The shortcomings of manual manipulation led doctors in the 1880s to come up with improved methods of mechanical ventilation, which included
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1979:
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217:. It's when a tube is inserted through the nose (nasotracheal intubation) or mouth (orotracheal intubation) and advanced into the
1807:
1301:(detailed slideshow presentation), by Amirali Nader, MD FCCP, Critical Care Medicine, Suburban Hospital, Johns Hopkins Medicine.
1270:
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to invent the Fell-O'Dwyer apparatus, which is a bellows instrument for the insertion and extraction of a tube down the patients
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19th century pioneers of intensive therapy in North
America. Part 1: George Edward Fell, Crit Care Resusc. 2007 Dec;9(4):377-93
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191:. Mechanical ventilation is termed "invasive" if it involves any instrument penetrating through the mouth (such as an endo
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Pulmonary ventilation is done by manual insufflation of the lungs either by the rescuer blowing into the patient's lungs (
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Angela Keppel, Discovering
Buffalo, One Street at a Time, Death by Electrocution on Fell Alley?, buffalostreets.com
1044:
Colice GL (2006). "Historical
Perspective on the Development of Mechanical Ventilation". In Martin J Tobin (ed.).
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In the summer of 1774, Hawes and Cogan each brought fifteen friends to a meeting at the
Chapter Coffee-house in
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In 2020, the supply of mechanical ventilation became a central question for public health officials due to
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612:"Airway and ventilation management during cardiopulmonary resuscitation and after successful resuscitation"
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within the two divisions: positive pressure ventilation, where air (or another gas mix) is pushed into the
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352:'s "Fell method" or "Fell Motor." It consisted of a bellows and a breathing valve to pass air through a
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can be used by health care professionals, where an airway is inserted through a surgical opening in the
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is reserved for emergency access. This is usually only used when there is a complete blockage of the
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Le Pimpec-Barthes F, Legras A, Arame A, Pricopi C, Boucherie JC, Badia A, Panzini CM (April 2016).
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520:"Evidence-Based Practice: Use of the Ventilator Bundle to Prevent Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia"
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who was another
English physician had become interested in the same subject during a stay at
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overdoses. The performance of mouth to mouth on its own is now limited in most protocols to
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1956:
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Nolte H (March 1968). "A New
Evaluation of Emergency Methods for Artificial Ventilation".
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2007:
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129:. In some situations, mouth to mouth is also performed separately, for instance in near-
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364:. Such methods were still looked upon as harmful and were not adopted for many years.
207:, and negative pressure ventilation, where air is, in essence, sucked into the lungs.
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by an implanted receiver/electrode, though today an alternative option of attaching
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Implantable
Medical Electronics: Prosthetics, Drug Delivery, and Health Monitoring
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1987:
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967:"Diaphragm pacers as a treatment for congenital central hypoventilation syndrome"
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Mechanical ventilation is a method to mechanically assist or replace spontaneous
121:), or by using a mechanical device. Mouth-to-mouth resuscitation is also part of
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or there is massive maxillofacial injury, preventing other adjuncts being used.
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790:"Rapid sequence induction in the emergency department: a strategy for failure"
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Respiratory therapist examining a mechanically ventilated patient on an
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1119:"A Watery Grave- Discovering Resuscitation, exhibits.hsl.virginia.edu"
743:"Evolution of Mechanical Ventilation in Response to Clinical Research"
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1280:, article on mechanical ventilation along with technical information.
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2019–20 coronavirus pandemic related shortages#Mechanical ventilation
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1286:, Resource of information for users of home mechanical ventilation.
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Carley SD, Gwinnutt C, Butler J, Sammy I, Driscoll P (March 2002).
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878:. Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland. p. 453.
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433:"Airway management and artificial ventilation in intensive care"
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too describes ventilation by inserting a reed or cane into the
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672:. Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2007. Archived from
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A rhythmic pacing of the diaphragm is caused with the help
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European
Society of Paediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care
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American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
787:
965:
Chen, M.L., Tablizo, M.A., Kun, S., Keens, T.G. (2005).
477:
494:"medilexicon.com, Definition: 'Artificial Ventilation'"
518:
Shiao SY, Ruppert SD, Tolentino-Delosreyes AF (2007).
1942:
Critical illness–related corticosteroid insufficiency
1071:"Never quite there: a tale of resuscitation medicine"
872:"Chapter 19: Diaphragmatic/Phrenic Nerve Stimulation"
565:"Diaphragm Pacing: Clinical and Experimental Results"
843:
Bhimji, S. (16 December 2015). Mosenifar, Z. (ed.).
562:
1176:. Philadelphia: The Blakiston Company. p. 108.
1046:
Principles & Practice of Mechanical Ventilation
1013:"Use and Care of the NeuRx Diaphragm Pacing System"
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1174:American Red Cross First Aid Text-Book (Revised)
306:It wasn't until 1773, when an English physician
609:
332:The work of English physician and physiologist
845:"Overview - Indications and Contraindications"
369:2019–20 coronavirus pandemic related shortages
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1284:International Ventilator Users Network (IVUN)
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563:Brouillette RT, Marzocchi M (2009-09-30).
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1018:. Synapse Biomedical, Inc. Archived from
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187:, or other suitable person compressing a
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908:"Diaphragm pacing: the state of the art"
610:Newell C, Grier S, Soar J (2018-08-15).
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125:(CPR) making it an essential skill for
14:
2998:
1360:Nomenclature of mechanical ventilation
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478:Tortora GJ, Derrickson, Bryan (2006).
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1683:
1355:Mechanical ventilation in emergencies
1308:
1186:
1048:(2 ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
87:Artificial ventilation or respiration
2190:Recombinant activated protein C
1172:American National Red Cross (1933).
695:"What Is a Ventilator? - NHLBI, NIH"
480:Principles of Anatomy and Physiology
2747:High-resolution computed tomography
2405:Tests and procedures involving the
1903:Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome
1888:Acute respiratory distress syndrome
1828:Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome
1189:Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica
1165:
1148:"Sir Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer"
1062:
781:
431:Stocker R, Biro P (February 2005).
325:Churchyard, where they founded the
259:
24:
1201:10.1111/j.1399-6576.1968.tb00729.x
408:, inventor of the pulmoventilateur
27:Assisted breathing to support life
25:
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2301:Society of Critical Care Medicine
1998:Ventilator-associated lung injury
1499:Ventilator-associated lung injury
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524:American Journal of Critical Care
437:Current Opinion in Anesthesiology
106:
1264:
971:Expert Review of Medical Devices
449:10.1097/00001503-200502000-00007
2003:Ventilator-associated pneumonia
1936:Critical illness polyneuropathy
1489:Ventilator-associated pneumonia
1350:Modes of mechanical ventilation
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1234:
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282:wires to the diaphragm exists.
201:modes of mechanical ventilation
2525:Laryngotracheal reconstruction
711:
687:
662:
603:
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511:
486:
471:
424:
13:
1:
3026:Respiratory system procedures
2916:Positive pressure ventilation
1782:Geriatric intensive-care unit
1765:Pediatric intensive care unit
417:
412:Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer
386:Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
213:is often used for short-term
123:cardiopulmonary resuscitation
2911:Negative pressure ventilator
2185:Neuromuscular-blocking drugs
2128:Nutritional supplementation
1759:Neonatal intensive care unit
1087:10.7861/clinmedicine.3-6-573
482:. John Wiley & Sons Inc.
356:. He collaboratied with Dr.
119:mouth-to-mouth resuscitation
113:Mouth-to-mouth resuscitation
7:
2285:Water-electrolyte imbalance
2119:Early goal-directed therapy
912:Journal of Thoracic Disease
849:Medscape - Diaphragm Pacing
374:
163:. This involves the use of
10:
3052:
3021:Emergency medical services
2901:Surgical airway management
2757:Ventilation/perfusion scan
2557:Tracheoesophageal puncture
2137:Total parenteral nutrition
2070:Life-supporting treatments
1777:Critical illness insurance
794:Emergency Medicine Journal
285:
263:
199:tube). There are two main
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2102:Ventricular assist device
2097:Intra-aortic balloon pump
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2048:Pulmonary artery catheter
2020:
1970:
1928:
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1790:
1745:
1717:
1611:
1574:
1507:
1451:
1443:List of modes by category
1368:
1342:
1123:exhibits.hsl.virginia.edu
759:10.1164/rccm.200706-893OC
729:Health Sciences Authority
629:10.1186/s13054-018-2121-y
233:and subglottic stenosis.
195:) or the skin (such as a
73:
63:
55:
39:
34:
2981:Pulmonary rehabilitation
2808:Bronchial challenge test
2775:Pneumonia severity index
2767:Clinical prediction rule
1152:Encyclopaedia Britannica
983:10.1586/17434440.2.5.577
670:"Artificial Respiration"
536:10.4037/ajcc2007.16.1.20
101:
3016:Intensive care medicine
2200:Stress ulcer prevention
2144:Therapeutic hypothermia
2043:Central venous catheter
1711:Intensive care medicine
1291:Mechanical Ventilation,
925:10.21037/jtd.2016.03.97
244:. This is similar to a
3006:Mechanical ventilation
2971:Hyperinflation therapy
2936:Artificial respiration
2906:Mechanical ventilation
2841:Bronchoalveolar lavage
2742:CT pulmonary angiogram
2275:Level of consciousness
2082:mechanical ventilation
1980:Methicillin-resistant
1336:Mechanical ventilation
1271:Artificial respiration
1069:Chamberlain D (2003).
918:(Suppl 4): S376–S386.
569:Biology of the Neonate
401:Two-balloon experiment
350:Dr. George Edward Fell
343:Edward Sharpey Schafer
339:Henry Robert Silvester
272:of electrical impulses
215:mechanical ventilation
155:Mechanical ventilation
149:Mechanical ventilation
59:artificial respiration
35:Artificial ventilation
18:Artificial respiration
2951:Decompression chamber
2619:Heart–lung transplant
1982:Staphylococcus aureus
1273:at Wikimedia Commons
870:Khanna, V.K. (2015).
727:, Revision 1.1. From
723:May 29, 2014, at the
242:cricothyroid membrane
181:respiratory therapist
111:Further information:
2823:Impulse oscillometry
2798:Body plethysmography
1957:Stress hyperglycemia
1798:Organ system failure
1732:Medical specialities
1479:Pulmonary volutrauma
1474:Pulmonary barotrauma
806:10.1136/emj.19.2.109
327:Royal Humane Society
290:The Greek physician
139:health professionals
3031:Respiratory therapy
2946:Hyperbaric medicine
2928:Respiratory therapy
2846:Nasopharyngeal swab
2471:Acoustic rhinometry
2320:Related specialties
2280:Acid–base imbalance
2216:ICU scoring systems
2087:Tracheal intubation
1898:Respiratory failure
1893:Acute liver failure
1883:Acute renal failure
1753:Intensive care unit
1737:Respiratory therapy
1025:on 19 February 2016
211:Tracheal intubation
177:physician assistant
48:Intensive Care Unit
3011:Emergency medicine
2818:Diffusion capacity
2790:Lung function test
2407:respiratory system
2229:Glasgow Coma Scale
2180:Intravenous fluids
2060:Screening cultures
2028:Arterial blood gas
1993:Refeeding syndrome
1910:Neonatal infection
1871:Vasodilatory shock
1846:Distributive shock
1771:Coronary care unit
1297:2020-07-27 at the
396:Medical ventilator
236:In an emergency a
91:machine assists in
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2976:Pulmonary hygiene
2966:Postural drainage
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2874:
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2332:Internal medicine
2078:Airway management
2016:
2015:
1856:Obstructive shock
1841:Cardiogenic shock
1677:
1676:
1269:Media related to
1055:978-0-07-144767-6
885:978-3-319-25448-7
699:www.nhlbi.nih.gov
581:10.1159/000244063
391:Medical emergency
84:
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16:(Redirected from
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2880:Other procedures
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1947:Decubitus ulcers
1861:Neurogenic shock
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496:. Archived from
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266:Diaphragm pacing
260:Neurostimulation
169:registered nurse
143:Silvester method
77:edit on Wikidata
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2609:Transplantation
2604:Wedge resection
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2170:Antithrombotics
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2132:Enteral feeding
2114:Kidney dialysis
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2012:
1988:Oxygen toxicity
1966:
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1494:Oxygen toxicity
1452:Related illness
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1299:Wayback Machine
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1195:(s29): 111–25.
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2867:Blood gas test
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2552:Cricothyrotomy
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2224:APACHE II
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2209:
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2055:Blood cultures
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1804:Shock sequence
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1464:Atelectotrauma
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1260:External links
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977:(5): 577–585.
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358:Joseph O'Dwyer
287:
284:
264:Main article:
261:
258:
250:cricothyrotomy
238:cricothyrotomy
189:bag valve mask
167:assisted by a
153:Main article:
150:
147:
108:
107:Manual methods
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2737:Bronchography
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2665:Thoracentesis
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2647:
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2630:
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2615:
2614:Decortication
2612:
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2607:
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2594:Pneumonectomy
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2294:Organisations
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2244:SAPS III
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2038:Arterial line
2036:
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2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2019:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
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1989:
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1984:
1983:
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1963:
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1945:
1943:
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1931:
1929:Complications
1927:
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1911:
1908:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
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1884:
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1879:
1878:Organ failure
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1833:
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1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1818:Severe sepsis
1816:
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1811:
1809:
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1746:General terms
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1129:on 2017-01-06
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719:
714:
700:
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690:
676:on 2009-10-30
675:
671:
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639:
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621:
617:
616:Critical Care
613:
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582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
559:
545:
541:
537:
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525:
521:
514:
500:on 2016-04-09
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372:
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365:
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359:
355:
351:
346:
344:
340:
335:
334:Marshall Hall
330:
328:
324:
319:
317:
313:
309:
308:William Hawes
304:
302:
298:
293:
283:
281:
277:
276:phrenic nerve
273:
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257:
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251:
247:
243:
239:
234:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
206:
202:
198:
194:
193:tracheal tube
190:
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182:
178:
174:
170:
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162:
156:
146:
144:
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136:
132:
128:
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114:
99:
95:
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88:
78:
72:
68:
66:
62:
58:
54:
49:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
2691:
2675:Thoracoscopy
2651:
2584:
2578:Bronchoscopy
2568:
2542:
2508:Laryngectomy
2503:Laryngoscopy
2493:
2477:
2431:
2364:Traumatology
2265:Hemodynamics
2239:SAPS II
2206:Vasopressors
2124:Induced coma
1981:
1972:Iatrogenesis
1962:Stress ulcer
1866:Spinal shock
1823:Septic shock
1664:A-a gradient
1343:Fundamentals
1290:
1263:
1245:
1236:
1225:
1192:
1188:
1182:
1173:
1167:
1155:. Retrieved
1151:
1142:
1131:. Retrieved
1127:the original
1122:
1113:
1081:(6): 573–7.
1078:
1074:
1064:
1045:
1039:
1027:. Retrieved
1020:the original
1007:
974:
970:
960:
915:
911:
901:
889:. Retrieved
875:
865:
853:. Retrieved
848:
838:
827:. Retrieved
797:
793:
783:
750:
746:
736:
713:
702:. Retrieved
698:
689:
678:. Retrieved
674:the original
664:
619:
615:
605:
572:
568:
558:
547:. Retrieved
530:(1): 20–27.
527:
523:
513:
502:. Retrieved
498:the original
488:
479:
473:
443:(1): 35–45.
440:
436:
426:
366:
347:
331:
320:
312:Thomas Cogan
305:
303:of animals.
289:
280:percutaneous
269:
246:tracheostomy
235:
209:
197:tracheostomy
158:
116:
96:
86:
85:
29:
2813:Capnography
2693:mediastinum
2680:Thoracotomy
2670:Pleurodesis
2638:mediastinum
2562:Tracheotomy
2513:Laryngotomy
2451:Somnoplasty
2446:Septoplasty
2441:Rhinoplasty
2347:Pulmonology
2270:Hypotension
2165:Antibiotics
2008:Dialytrauma
1851:Anaphylaxis
1029:19 February
891:19 February
855:19 February
851:. WebMD LLC
354:tracheotomy
227:nasopharynx
56:Other names
3000:Categories
2896:Intubation
2803:Spirometry
2685:Chest tube
2629:Chest wall
2487:Sinusotomy
2461:Rhinectomy
2456:Alarplasty
2354:Pediatrics
2337:Cardiology
2258:Physiology
2160:Analgesics
2109:Chest tube
1938:/ myopathy
1915:Polytrauma
1791:Conditions
1484:Rheotrauma
1278:e-Medicine
1133:2016-03-30
829:2007-05-19
731:. May 2014
704:2016-03-27
680:2007-06-15
622:(1): 190.
549:2024-03-08
504:2016-03-30
418:References
231:oropharynx
165:ventilator
89:is when a
3036:First aid
2961:Nebulizer
2752:Spiral CT
2644:diaphragm
2599:Lobectomy
2518:Thyrotomy
2342:Neurology
2195:Sedatives
2175:Inotropes
2021:Diagnosis
1469:Biotrauma
934:2072-1439
767:1073-449X
638:1364-8535
589:0006-3126
457:0952-7907
323:St Paul's
316:Amsterdam
185:paramedic
173:physician
161:breathing
127:first aid
69:pulmonary
65:Specialty
2833:Cytology
2570:bronchus
2535:Lower RT
2424:Upper RT
2033:Catheter
1952:Fungemia
1727:Medicine
1508:Pressure
1295:Archived
1251:abstract
1157:8 August
1105:14703040
1075:Clin Med
999:12142444
991:16293069
952:27195135
824:11904254
775:17962636
721:Archived
656:30111343
544:17192523
465:16534315
375:See also
297:Vesalius
223:sedative
131:drowning
2780:CURB-65
2544:trachea
2415:Surgery
2359:Surgery
1576:Volumes
1217:2547073
1209:5674564
1096:4952587
943:4856845
815:1725832
647:6092791
597:8038293
362:trachea
301:trachea
286:History
254:pharynx
219:trachea
205:trachea
2956:Heliox
2653:pleura
2633:pleura
2495:larynx
1834:Other
1813:Sepsis
1767:(PICU)
1761:(NICU)
1629:static
1215:
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1103:
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455:
248:but a
135:opiate
2860:Other
2721:Tests
2479:sinus
2202:drugs
2153:Drugs
1836:shock
1773:(CCU)
1755:(ICU)
1612:Other
1370:Modes
1213:S2CID
1023:(PDF)
1016:(PDF)
995:S2CID
292:Galen
102:Types
75:[
2642:and
2586:lung
2433:nose
2249:SOFA
2234:PIM2
2080:and
1920:Coma
1808:SIRS
1565:plat
1459:ARDS
1418:APRV
1413:CPAP
1409:/NIV
1407:BPAP
1382:SIMV
1205:PMID
1159:2018
1101:PMID
1050:ISBN
1031:2016
987:PMID
948:PMID
930:ISSN
893:2016
880:ISBN
857:2016
820:PMID
771:PMID
763:ISSN
652:PMID
634:ISSN
593:PMID
585:ISSN
540:PMID
461:PMID
453:ISSN
133:and
2941:CPR
1621:dyn
1523:FiO
1517:EEP
1438:HFV
1433:ASV
1428:PAV
1423:MMV
1402:PAP
1397:CSV
1392:ACV
1387:CMV
1378:IMV
1197:doi
1091:PMC
1083:doi
979:doi
938:PMC
920:doi
810:PMC
802:doi
755:doi
751:177
642:PMC
624:doi
577:doi
532:doi
445:doi
318:.
229:or
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1659:OI
1651:/V
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