Arturo Toscanini - Knowledge

1697:, who produced many of Toscanini's early NBC Symphony recordings, stated that RCA Victor decided to record the orchestra in Carnegie Hall whenever possible, after numerous customer complaints about the flat and dull-sounding early recordings made in Studio 8-H in 1938 and 1939. Nevertheless, some recording sessions continued to be held in Studio 8-H as late as June 1950, probably because of alterations to the studio beginning in 1939, including installation of an acoustical shell in 1941 at the insurance of Leopold Stokowski before he temporarily replaced Toscanini as principal conductor of the NBC Symphony in the fall of 1941. O'Connell and others often complained the Maestro was little interested in the details of recorded sound and, as Harvey Sachs wrote, Toscanini was frequently disappointed that the microphones failed to pick up everything he heard as he led the orchestra. O'Connell even complained of Toscanini's failure to cooperate with him during the sessions. Toscanini himself was often disappointed that the 78-rpm discs failed to fully capture all of the instruments in the orchestra or altered their sound to such an extent they became unrecognizable. Those who attended Toscanini's concerts later said the NBC string section was especially outstanding. 1718:. RCA Victor apparently was now hesitant to promote the orchestra and recordings since it was now under contract to arch-rival Columbia and declared the defective Philadelphia masters unsalvageable. When told that RCA had finally decided to scrap the Philadelphia recordings, Toscanini vehemently exclaimed, "I worked like a dog!". The conductor eventually recorded all of the same music with the NBC Symphony. The best sounding of the Philadelphia recordings is the Schubert C-Major Symphony (The "Great"), which had been successfully restored and issued by RCA Victor in 1963. In 1968, the Philadelphia Orchestra returned to RCA and the company was now more favorable toward issuing all of the discs. RCA finally released a complete edition of the Toscanini/Philadelphia recordings in 1977, and it was suggested by Sachs and others at that date some of the masters may have deteriorated further. As for the historic nature of the recordings, even on the first RCA Victor compact disc issue, released in 1991, some of the sides have considerable 2314:(1998, 15 22–8). Frank and Dyment also discuss Maestro Toscanini's performance history in the 50th anniversary issue of Classic Record Collector (2006, 47) Frank with 'Toscanini – Myth and Reality' (10–14) and Dyment 'A Whirlwind in London' (15–21) This issue also contains interviews with people who performed with Toscanini – Jon Tolansky 'Licia Albanese – Maestro and Me' (22–6) and 'A Mesmerising Beat: John Tolansky talks to some of those who worked with Arturo Toscanini, to discover some of the secrets of his hold over singers, orchestras and audiences.' (34–7). There is also a feature article on Toscanini's interpretation of Brahms's First Symphony – Norman C. Nelson, 'First Among Equals ... Toscanini's interpretation of Brahms's First Symphony in the context of others' (28–33) 1761: rpm transcription discs from the start of the Maestro's broadcasts in December 1937, but the infrequent use of higher-fidelity sound film for recording sessions began as early as 1933 with the Philharmonic, and by December 1948, improved high fidelity made its appearance when RCA began using magnetic tape on a regular basis. High fidelity quickly became the norm for the company and the industry. NBC Radio followed, adopting the new technology in the fall of 1949 for its NBC Symphony broadcasts, among others. The first Toscanini recording sessions in Carnegie Hall followed immediately thereafter, although individual takes continued as with 78s, each running only about 2406:, released on an LP by the Society. (A kinescope of the same performance, from the television simulcast, has been released on VHS and laser disc by RCA/BMG and on DVD by Testament.) There was speculation that the Toscanini family itself, prodded by his daughter Wanda, had sought to defend the Maestro's original decisions (made mostly during his last years) on what should be released. Walter Toscanini later admitted that his father likely rejected performances that were satisfactory. Whatever the real reasons, the Arturo Toscanini Society was forced to disband and cease releasing any further recordings. 895:. Because of World War II, the score was microfilmed in the Soviet Union and brought by courier to the United States. Stokowski had previously given the US premieres of Shostakovich's First, Third and Sixth Symphonies in Philadelphia, and in December 1941, urged NBC to obtain the score of the Seventh Symphony as he desired to conduct its premiere as well. Toscanini coveted this for himself resulting in a dispute between both conductors which he ultimately won. A major thunderstorm virtually obliterated the NBC radio signals in New York City, but the performance was heard elsewhere and preserved on 1642:

for thirty-four years when he made his first records in 1920, and did not begin recording on a regular basis until 1938, after he became conductor of the NBC Symphony Orchestra at the age of seventy. Over the years as the recording process improved, so did Toscanini's attitude towards making records and eventually he became more interested in preserving his performances for posterity. The majority of Toscanini's recordings were made with the NBC Symphony and cover the bulk of his repertoire. These recordings document the final phase of his 68-year conducting career.

1114: 1032: 2866:) as perhaps the most extreme of these critics. Frank writes that this revisionism has unfairly influenced younger listeners and critics, who may have not heard as many of Toscanini's performances as older listeners, and as a result, Toscanini's reputation, extraordinarily high in the years that he was active, has suffered a decline. Conversely, Joseph Horowitz contends that those who keep the Toscanini legend alive are members of a "Toscanini cult", an idea not altogether refuted by Frank, but not embraced by him, either. 926: 5446: 2873:, also took Toscanini to task for not paying enough attention to the "modern repertoire" (i.e., 20th-century composers, of which Thomson was one). It may be speculated, knowing Toscanini's antipathy toward much 20th-century music, that perhaps Thomson had a feeling that the conductor would never have played any of his (Thomson's) music, and that perhaps because of this, Thomson bore a resentment against him. During Toscanini's middle years, however, such now widely accepted composers as 142: 2270: 1842: 34: 6703: 678: 6691: 1706:

in 1977). Harvey Sachs also recounts that the wax masters were damaged during processing, possibly because of the use of somewhat-inferior materials imposed by wartime restrictions. Toscanini had listened to several of the test pressings and had given his approval to some of the recordings, rejected others and was prepared to re-record the unsatisfactory sides. Unfortunately, the 1942-44

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the Society appeared to offer little real competition to RCA. But classical-LP profits were low enough even in 1970, and piracy by fly-by-night firms so prevalent within the industry at that time (an estimated $ 100 million in tape sales for 1969 alone), that even a benevolent buccaneer outfit like the Arturo Toscanini Society had to be looked at twice before it could be tolerated.

6179: 5809: 5776: 5757: 5668: 5628: 5560: 5527: 490:). He exhibited a considerable capacity for hard work, conducting 43 concerts in Turin in 1898. By 1898, Toscanini was Principal Conductor at La Scala, where he remained until 1908, returning as Music Director, from 1921 to 1929. In December 1920, he brought the La Scala Orchestra to the United States on a concert tour during which time he made his first recordings for the 6715: 2991:, commemorating Toscanini's years with the NBC Symphony Orchestra. The show, hosted by NBC announcer Ben Grauer, who had also hosted many of the original Toscanini broadcasts, featured interviews with members of the conductor's family, as well as musicians of the NBC Symphony, David Sarnoff, and noted classical musicians who had worked with the conductor, such as 2834: 1779:. With RCA's experiments in stereo beginning in early 1953 when two-track decks were first delivered by the engineers to the record producers (per Jack Pfeiffer, 11/77 interview, NYC, by CWR), stereo tapes were eventually made of Toscanini's final two broadcast concerts, plus the dress rehearsal for the final broadcast, as documented by Samuel Antek in 2792:. It received scathing reviews and was never officially released in the United States. The film is a fictional recounting of the events that led up to Toscanini making his conducting debut in Rio de Janeiro in 1886. Although nearly all of the plot is embellished, the events surrounding the sudden and unexpected conducting debut are based on fact. 669:, and confiscated his passport. His passport was returned only after a world outcry over Toscanini's treatment. Upon the outbreak of World War II, Toscanini left Italy. He returned in 1946 to conduct a concert for the opening of the restored La Scala Opera House, which was heavily damaged by bombing during the war. 388: 2845:

criticism has been directed at Toscanini. These critics contend that Toscanini was ultimately a detriment to American music rather than an asset because of the tremendous marketing of him by RCA as the greatest conductor of all time and his preference to perform mostly older European music. According

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Because the Arturo Toscanini Society was nonprofit, Key said he believed he had successfully bypassed both copyright restrictions and the maze of contractual ties between RCA and the Maestro's family. RCA's attorneys were soon looking into the matter to see if they agreed. As long as it stayed small,

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with the Philharmonic and LPs of the 1948 televised concert of the ninth symphony taken from an FM radio transcription, complete with Ben Grauer's comments. (In the early 1990s, the kinescopes of these and the other televised concerts were released by RCA with soundtracks dubbed in from the NBC radio

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and some distortion, especially during the louder passages. Nevertheless, despite the occasional problems, the sound has been markedly improved on CD, and the entire set is an impressive document of Toscanini's collaboration with the Philadelphia musicians. A second RCA CD reissue of the Philadelphia

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The NBC broadcasts were initially preserved on large 16-inch transcription discs recorded at 33-1/3 rpm, until NBC began using magnetic tape in 1949. NBC employed special RCA high fidelity microphones for the broadcasts, and they can be seen in some photographs of Toscanini and the orchestra. Some of

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who left La Scala to assume the post as the Met's general manager. During Toscanini's seven seasons at the Met (1908–1915), he made several reforms and set many standards in opera production and performance which are still in practice today. At the end of his final season with the Metropolitan Opera

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on June 25, telling the newspapers that his decision had been caused by the behavior of the orchestra. His substitute, Carlo Superti, was heavily contested by the public, failing even to give the attack to the orchestra. In desperation, the singers suggested the name of their assistant chorusmaster,

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Magazine and newspaper reports subsequently detailed legal action taken against Key and the Society, presumably after some of the LPs began to appear in retail stores. Toscanini fans and record collectors were dismayed because, although Toscanini had not approved the release of these performances in

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symphony. For Toscanini, later in March and in early April, the microphones were placed relatively close to the orchestra with limited separation, so the stereo effects were not as dramatic as the commercial "Living Stereo" recordings RCA Victor began to make in March with the Chicago Symphony, just

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O'Connell also extensively documented RCA's technical problems with the series of recordings by Toscanini and the Philadelphia Orchestra, made in 1941–42, which required extensive electronic editing before they could be issued (well after Toscanini's death, beginning in 1963, with the rest following

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on May 14. Later that year, Toscanini had a disagreement with NBC management over their use of his musicians in other NBC broadcasts. This, among other reasons, resulted in a letter of resignation which Toscanini wrote on March 10, 1941, to RCA's president David Sarnoff. He stated that he now wished

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purchased the bulk of Toscanini's papers, scores and sound recordings from his heirs. Named The Toscanini Legacy, this vast collection contains thousands of letters, programs and various documents, over 1,800 scores and more than 400 hours of sound recordings. A finding aid for the scores and sound

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replaced direct wax disc recording and high fidelity long-playing records were both introduced in the late 1940s, Toscanini said he was much happier making recordings. Sachs wrote that an Italian journalist, Raffaele Calzini, said Toscanini told him, "My son Walter sent me the test pressing of the

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issued a 6-CD set containing Toscanini's complete HMV recordings with the BBC Symphony. Toscanini's dislike of recording was well-known; he especially despised the acoustic method, and for several years he recorded only sporadically as a result. He was fifty-three years old and had been conducting

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were also broadcast on television). All of these performances were eventually released on records and CD by RCA Victor, thus enabling modern listeners an opportunity to hear what an opera conducted by Toscanini sounded like. He also conducted, broadcast and recorded entire acts and various excerpts

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was engaged on a three-year contract to conduct the orchestra and served as the NBC Symphony's music director from 1941 until 1944. Toscanini's state of mind soon underwent a change and he returned as Stokowski's co-conductor for the latter's second and third seasons, resuming full control in 1944.

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The NBC cameras were often left on Toscanini for extended periods, documenting not only his baton techniques but his deep involvement in the music. At the end of a piece, Toscanini generally nodded rather than bowed and exited the stage quickly. Although NBC continued to broadcast the orchestra on

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from studio 8H. Acts I and II were telecast on March 26 and III and IV on April 2. Portions of the audio were rerecorded in June 1954 for the commercial release on LP records. As the video shows, the soloists were placed close to Toscanini, in front of the orchestra, while the robed members of the

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reported, Key scoured the U.S. and Europe for off-the-air transcriptions of Toscanini broadcasts, acquiring almost 5,000 transcriptions (all transferred to tape) of previously unreleased material—a complete catalogue of broadcasts by the Maestro between 1933 and 1954. It included about 50 concerts

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lacking in much reverberation, while ideal for broadcasting, were unsuited for symphonic concerts and opera. It is widely held that Toscanini favored it because its close miking enabled listeners to hear every instrumental strand in the orchestra clearly, something in which the conductor strongly

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The public was taken by surprise, at first by the youth, charisma and sheer intensity of this unknown conductor, then by his solid musicianship. The result was astounding acclaim. For the rest of that season, Toscanini conducted 18 operas, each one an absolute success. Thus began his career as a

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The NBC Symphony concerts continued in Studio 8-H until 1950. That summer, 8-H was remodeled for television broadcasting, and the concerts were moved briefly to Manhattan Center, then soon thereafter moved again to Carnegie Hall at Toscanini's insistence, where many of the orchestra's recording

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Many hundreds of hours of Toscanini's rehearsals were recorded. Some of these have circulated in limited edition recordings. Many broadcast recordings with orchestras other than the NBC have also survived, including: The New York Philharmonic from 1933 to 1936, 1942, and 1945; The BBC Symphony

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with the NBC Symphony for RCA Victor. Horowitz also became close to Toscanini and his family. In 1933, Wanda Toscanini married Horowitz, with the conductor's blessings and warnings; they remained married until Vladimir Horowitz' death in 1989. Wanda's daughter Sonia was photographed by

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sessions had been held due to the acrid acoustics of Studio 8-H. On April 4, 1954, Toscanini conducted his final broadcast performance, an all-Wagner program, in Carnegie Hall. During this final concert, the aging Toscanini suffered a minor lapse of concentration which became a

325:; March 25, 1867 – January 16, 1957) was an Italian conductor. He was one of the most acclaimed and influential musicians of the late 19th and early 20th century, renowned for his intensity, his perfectionism, his ear for orchestral detail and sonority, and his 2810:

Throughout his career, Toscanini was virtually idolized by the critics, as well as by most fellow musicians and the public alike. He enjoyed the kind of consistent critical acclaim during his life that few other musicians have had. He was featured three times on the cover of

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At La Scala, which had what was then the most modern stage lighting system installed in 1901 and an orchestral pit installed in 1907, Toscanini pushed through reforms in the performance of opera. He insisted on dimming the house-lights during performances. As his biographer

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With the help of his son Walter, Toscanini spent his remaining years evaluating and editing tapes and transcriptions of his broadcast performances with the NBC Symphony for possible future release on records. Many of these recordings were eventually issued by RCA Victor.

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Toscanini has also been noted for his temper in rehearsals. Apparently less controlled later in life, he was known to vent his anger in front of the orchestra when he thought they were not playing well. One well-known example comes from a recording of a rehearsal for

2362:'s "Scottish" Symphony, dating from the same NBC period; and a Rossini-Verdi-Puccini LP emanating from the post-War reopening of La Scala on May 11, 1946, with the Maestro conducting. That same year it released a Beethoven bicentennial set that included the 1935 1800:

took the podium in a hastily organized session to record the Franck Symphony in D minor, for RCA Victor using the same microphone and equipment set-up put in place for the Maestro. The stereo version of the recording was finally released on LP by RCA in 1978

362:, where he studied the cello. Living conditions at the conservatory were harsh and strict. For example, the menu at the conservatory consisted almost entirely of fish; in his later years, Toscanini steadfastly refused to eat anything that came from the sea. 380:

who knew the whole opera from memory. Although he had no conducting experience, Toscanini was eventually persuaded by the musicians to take up the baton at 9:15 pm, and led a performance of the two-and-a-half hour opera, completely from memory.

2995:. It spotlighted partial or complete rebroadcasts of many of Toscanini's recordings. The program ran for at least three years, and did not feature any of the revisionist commentary about the conductor one finds so often today in magazines such as 1616:

label (issued in the US by RCA Victor, HMV/EMI's American affiliate). Toscanini also conducted the New York Philharmonic in Carnegie Hall for RCA Victor in several recordings in 1929 and 1936. He made a series of long-unissued recordings with the

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Sachs and other biographers have documented the numerous conductors, singers, and musicians who visited Toscanini during his retirement. He reportedly enjoyed watching boxing and wrestling matches, as well as comedy programs on television.

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is a 1985 documentary made for cable television. The film features archival footage of the conductor and interviews with musicians who worked with him. This film was released on VHS and in 2004 on the same DVD which included the film,

1686:. He made many recordings, especially towards the end of his career, most of which are still in print. In addition, there are many recordings available of his broadcast performances, as well as his rehearsals with the NBC Symphony. 2671:

audio tape recordings made simultaneously by RCA technicians during the televised concerts. The hi-fi audio was synchronized with the kinescope video for the home video release. Original introductions by NBC's longtime announcer

875:"to withdraw from the militant scene of Art" and thus declined to sign a new contract for the up-coming winter season, but left the door open for an eventual return "if my state of mind, health and rest will be improved enough". 4852:

Four lists compiled by Harvey Sachs as addenda to his new biography: chronological list of all performances, alphabetical list by composer of all works in repertoire, select bibliography, and reference notes for the biography

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every case, many of them were found to be further proof of the greatness of the Maestro's musical talents. One outstanding example of a remarkable performance not approved by the Maestro was his December 1948 NBC broadcast of

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films of the live broadcasts. These films, issued by RCA on VHS tape and laser disc and on DVD by Testament, provide unique video documentation of the passionate yet restrained podium technique for which he was well known.

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in 1951 (at page 289) quotes him (without citation) as saying "I asked myself, did I conduct that? Did I work two weeks memorizing that symphony? Impossible! I was stupid!" The violist William Carboni, when interviewed by

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Others attacked the conductor on the ground that he was a slave to the metronome. They said that his beat was inexorable, that his rhythms were rigid, that he was an enemy of Italian song and a wrecker of the art of bel

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Gradually, Toscanini's reputation as an operatic conductor of unusual authority and skill supplanted his cello career. In the following decade, he consolidated his career in Italy, entrusted with the world premieres of

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from 1926 until 1936; he toured Europe with the Philharmonic in 1930. At each performance, he and the orchestra were acclaimed by both critics and audiences. Toscanini was the first non-German conductor to appear at

1824:. Using modern digital technology the company constructed a stereophonic version of the performance from the two recordings which it made available in 2009. The company calls this an example of "accidental stereo". 431:(La Scala, Milan, 1887) under the composer's supervision. Verdi, who habitually complained that conductors never seemed interested in directing his scores the way he had written them, was impressed by reports from 1820:, previously recorded and released in high-fidelity monophonic sound by RCA Victor. Recently a separate NBC tape of the same performance, using a different microphone in a different location, was acquired by 1186:

wrote: "He believed that a performance could not be artistically successful unless unity of intention was first established among all the components: singers, orchestra, chorus, staging, sets, and costumes."

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and making the lapse appear to be much worse than it actually was; many people still believe the orchestra stopped playing, but it did not; Toscanini quickly regained his composure and the concert continued.

2497:'s Symphony no. 1, which had been recently rediscovered. The Ormandy concert was telecast by rival network CBS, but the schedules were arranged so that the two programs would not interfere with one another. 902:

In the spring of 1950, Toscanini led the NBC Symphony on the orchestra's only extensive tour of the United States. It was during this tour that the well-known photograph of Toscanini riding the ski lift at

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have dismissed much of what was written about Toscanini during his lifetime and for about ten years afterwards as "adoring puffery". Nevertheless, composers and others who worked with Toscanini, including

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A premiere of Wagenaar's Symphony No. 2, November 10, 1932; a Chasins premiere April 8, 1931; and the first performance of Hanson's Symphony No. 2 (the "Romantic") on March 1, 1933 (programs at

2131:, with the combined forces of the New York Philharmonic and the NBC Symphony; the entire concert, complete with an auctioning of one of Toscanini's batons, was released on an unofficial recording in 1995) 415:, Milan, on February 27, of that year). This was the beginning of Toscanini's lifelong friendship and championing of Catalani; he even named his first daughter Wally after the heroine of Catalani's opera 2500:

Less than a month after the first Toscanini televised concert, a complete performance by the conductor of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony was telecast on April 3, 1948. On November 13, 1948, there was an all-

341:(1937–1954), and this led to his becoming a household name, especially in the United States, through his radio and television broadcasts and many recordings of the operatic and symphonic repertoire. 947:, for release on records. Toscanini was 87 years old when he finally stepped down. After his retirement, NBC disbanded the Symphony in 1954. Most of the orchestra's membership reorganized as the 693:(RCA), proposed creating a symphony orchestra for radio concerts and engaging Toscanini to conduct it. Toscanini was initially uninterested in the proposal, but Sarnoff sent Toscanini's friend 2322:

In 1969, Clyde J. Key acted on a dream he had of meeting Toscanini by starting the Arturo Toscanini Society to release a number of "unapproved" live performances by Toscanini. As the magazine

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When he was young as a conductor, it was complained of Toscanini that he held the tempo and rhythm of the music firmly to its course and that it had the mechanical exactitude of a metronome.

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had begun and prevented immediate retakes; by the end of the ban over two years later, the Philadelphia Orchestra's contract with RCA Victor had expired and the orchestra had signed with

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for RCA Victor in Philadelphia's Academy of Music in 1941 and 1942. All of Toscanini's commercially issued RCA Victor and HMV recordings have been digitally remastered and released on

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One more example of Toscanini and the NBC Symphony in stereo now also exists in a commercially available edition. This one is of the January 27, 1951, concert devoted to the Verdi

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now holds the rights and has issued several CD versions). Toscanini's June sessions were recorded monophonically to correct unsatisfactory portions of the broadcast recordings of

4624:, New York: Vanguard Press, 1963 (Essays by an NBC Symphony musician who played under Toscanini; also includes rehearsal photographs from the latter part of Toscanini's career.) 1190:

Toscanini favored the traditional orchestral seating plan with the first violins and cellos on the left, the violas on the near right, and the second violins on the far right.

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In June 1954, Toscanini participated in his final RCA Victor sessions, recording re-takes of isolated unsatisfactory passages from his NBC radio broadcasts of the Verdi operas

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In 1919, Toscanini unsuccessfully ran on the Socialist ticket for a minor municipal office in Milan. He had been called "the greatest conductor in the world" by Fascist leader

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Orchestra from 1935 to 1939; The Lucerne Festival Orchestra; and broadcasts from the Salzburg Festival in the late 1930s. Documents of Toscanini's guest appearances with the

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He joined the orchestra of an opera company organized by Claudio Rossi, with which he toured Brazil in 1886. After performing in Sao Paulo, the locally hired conductor,

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The film was commercially released by RCA/BMG on DVD in 2004. The "Internationale" was cut from the 1943 film after its original release, but the complete recording of

701:; Chotzinoff was able to persuade the wary Toscanini to accept Sarnoff's offer. Toscanini returned to the United States to conduct his first broadcast concert with the 2885:, and in 1930 Toscanini requested him to compose a symphony which would be premiered in 1961 and dedicated to the memory of Toscanini. He also performed excerpts from 1637:

released a new 84 CD boxed set reissue of Toscanini's complete RCA Victor recordings and commercially issued HMV recordings with the BBC Symphony Orchestra. In 2013,

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A private, nonprofit club based in Dumas, Texas, it offered members five or six LPs annually for a $ 25-a-year membership fee. Key's first package offering included

951:, The ensemble appeared in concert and made recordings until its disbandment in 1963. NBC used the "NBC Symphony Orchestra" name once more for its 1963 telecast of 1775:

minutes. RCA continued in this vein with 7-inch tape reels until 1953, when long takes on 10-inch reels were finally implemented for the recording of Beethoven's

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in December of Delibes with members of the Boston Symphony under Pierre Monteux, in February 1954 with the full Boston Symphony under Charles Munch in Berlioz'

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recordings from 2006 makes even more effective use of digital editing and processing in an attempt to produce improved sound. Longtime Philadelphia conductor

6825: 2719:(Hymn of the Nations), which contains national anthems of England, France, and Italy (the World War I allied nations), to which Toscanini added the Soviet " 2273:

A few of the hundreds of hours of rehearsal tapes featuring Toscanini, residing in the Rodgers and Hammerstein Archive of Recorded Sound, a division of the

747:. In addition, hundreds of hours of Toscanini's rehearsals with the NBC Symphony were preserved and are now housed in the Toscanini Legacy archive at the 717:'s insistence, added a bit more reverberation. In 1950, 8-H was converted into a television studio, and the NBC Symphony broadcast concerts were moved to 6820: 694: 6765: 3079:, whose political stance during World War II was controversial: "To Strauss the composer I take off my hat; to Strauss the man I put it back on again." 754:

Toscanini was sometimes criticized for neglecting American music, but on November 5, 1938, he conducted the world premieres of two orchestral works by

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As part of a restoration project initiated by the Toscanini family in the late 1980s, the kinescopes were fully restored and issued by RCA on VHS and

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when broadcast technicians overreacted with panic and took the music off the air for about a minute, substituting Toscanini's recording of the Brahms

5477: 1125:, was born on March 19, 1898. A daughter, Wally, was born on January 16, 1900. Carla gave birth to a boy, Giorgio, in September 1901, but he died of 2928:

Another criticism leveled at Toscanini stems from the constricted sound quality that comes from many of his recordings, notably those made in NBC's

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where it was not set out in the score. Verdi said that he had left it out for fear that "certain interpreters would have exaggerated the marking".

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magazine, in 1926, 1934, and again in 1948. In the magazine's history, he is the only conductor to have been so honored. On March 25, 1989, the

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beginning in 1989. The audio portion of the sound was taken, not from the noisy kinescopes, but from 33-1/3 rpm 16-inch transcription disc and

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Among his most critically acclaimed recordings, many of which were not officially released during his lifetime, are the following (with the

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Additional releases included a number of Beethoven symphonies recorded with the New York Philharmonic during the 1930s, a performance of

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about Toscanini's ability to interpret his scores. The composer was also impressed when Toscanini consulted him personally about Verdi's

3714: 788:, with Grofé in attendance. Both works had previously been performed on broadcast concerts. He also conducted broadcast performances of 4962: 3828:, April 2002. Retrieved February 26, 2008. "That archive was housed at Wave Hill, Toscanini's Riverdale residence during World War II." 2418:. Between 1948 and 1952, he conducted ten concerts telecast on NBC, including a two-part concert performance of Verdi's complete opera 4258: 4232: 4206: 3972: 1744:

from America; I want to hear and check how it came out, and possibly to correct it. These long-playing records often make me happy."

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were mastered on sound film in a process developed around 1930, as detailed by RCA Victor producer Charles O'Connell in his memoirs,

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A guide to Toscanini's recording career can be found in Mortimer H. Frank's "From the Pit to the Podium: Toscanini in America" in

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by Puccini – Milan, April 25, 1926 (Note: Toscanini informed the audience that the opera was incomplete due to Puccini's death.)

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Upon returning to Italy, Toscanini set out on a dual path. He continued to conduct, his first appearance in Italy being at the

98: 6810: 5470: 4560: 4527: 1856: 1694: 70: 2680:. The entire group of Toscanini videos has since been reissued by Testament on DVD, with further improvements to the sound. 2005:, (1954, exists in two versions: one as approved by Toscanini with excerpts from the rehearsals, and the unedited broadcast) 1198:

Toscanini conducted the world premieres of many operas, four of which have become part of the standard operatic repertoire:

5244: 4865: 3116:: "Here Death triumphed over art" (Toscanini then left the opera pit, the lights went up and the audience left in silence). 2842: 3262:

where he was unhappy with the playing of the solo for four muted cellos that ushers in the final duet of the first act of

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Despite the reported infidelities revealed in Toscanini's letters documented by Harvey Sachs (most famously, with soprano

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recordings is available on the library's website. In-house finding aids are available for other parts of the collection.

3014:

The library also has many other collections that have Toscanini materials in them, such as the Bruno Walter papers, the

770:. The performance received significant critical acclaim. In 1945, Toscanini led the orchestra in recording sessions for 657:

in the audience. Afterwards, he was, in his own words, "attacked, injured and repeatedly hit in the face" by a group of

77: 6805: 4481:

Tick, Judith; Becoming Ella Fitzgerald: The Jazz Singer Who Transformed American Song; 2023; W. W. Norton & Company

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Toscanini worked with many great singers and musicians throughout his career, but few impressed him as much as pianist

628:

and repeatedly defied the Italian dictator. He refused to display Mussolini's photograph or conduct the Fascist anthem

4631:, New York: Amadeus Press, 2002. (Complete list and analysis of Toscanini's NBC Symphony performances and recordings.) 2881:, whose music the conductor held in very high regard, were considered to be radical and modern. He performed works by 2114:

with restored sound on the Treasury of Immortal Performances label (Andante version out of print); 1950 NBC broadcast)

4716: 4679: 3418: 3241: 3158: 1584:

Toscanini made his first recordings in December 1920 with the La Scala Orchestra in the Trinity Church studio of the

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that were never broadcast, but which were recorded surreptitiously by engineers supposedly testing their equipment.

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in Milan. His epitaph is taken from one account of his remarks concluding the 1926 premiere of Puccini's unfinished

1051:

in New York City. It was his daughter Wally's 57th birthday. His body was returned to Italy and was entombed in the

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Toscanini suffered a stroke on New Year's Day 1957, and he died on January 16, at the age of 89 at his home in the

84: 5237: 4259:"TIME Magazine Cover: Arturo Toscanini - Jan. 25, 1926 - Arturo Toscanini - Conductors - Classical Music - Music" 4207:"TIME Magazine Cover: Arturo Toscanini - Apr. 26, 1948 - Arturo Toscanini - Conductors - Classical Music - Music" 861: 4233:"TIME Magazine Cover: Arturo Toscanini - Apr. 2, 1934 - Arturo Toscanini - Conductors - Classical Music - Music" 2354:, all NBC Symphony broadcasts dating from the late 1930s or early 1940s. In 1970, the Society releases included 6785: 4955: 3838: 2799: 1585: 491: 55: 4491: 1921: 685:

In 1936, Toscanini resigned from the New York Philharmonic, returned to Italy and was considering retirement;

6800: 6249: 5146: 1283: 1145: 892: 582: 546: 66: 5808: 5197: 2818: 2009: 2002: 1985: 1574: 1121:

Toscanini married Carla De Martini on June 21, 1897, when she was not yet 20 years old. Their first child,

1036: 961: 766: 690: 421:. He also returned to his chair in the cello section, and participated as cellist in the world premiere of 3324: 6815: 5627: 5296: 5134: 4861: 4846: 4089: 3123:

studios. There he said with tears in his eyes, "I will remember three things in my life: the sunset, the

2438:

on radio. These concerts were all shown only once during that four-year span, but they were preserved on

2213: 1791:, and in early March with the NBC Symphony in Manhattan Center again under Stokowski doing the Beethoven 4750:, New York: Prima Publishing, 1993. (Series of essays on various aspects of Toscanini's life and impact) 6681: 5667: 5103: 3652:

in 1975 (at p. 234) quotes him (without citation) as saying "Did I really learn and conduct such junk?"

3090: 2822: 2643: 2431: 2384: 1910: 1903: 1892: 1885: 1878: 1741: 578: 5841: 4743:, New York: Prima Publishing, 1995. (Reprint of standard and best biography originally published 1978) 3881: 3850: 2925:, though his performances of these last three works have been criticized as not being "jazzy" enough. 2706:, consists of Toscanini conducting the NBC Symphony Orchestra in a performance of Verdi's overture to 1995:, (NBC 1947, studio and broadcast versions; Philadelphia 1941); Scherzo, New York Philharmonic, (1929) 6514: 4948: 2689: 2063: 2048: 4366: 4322: 3821: 735:, the first one being a tribute to Toscanini, punctuated by clips from his NBC television concerts. 5925: 5756: 5559: 5422: 5284: 5174: 4845:

on the selection of the 1938 radio broadcast of Toscanini conducting the NBC Orchestra to the 2005

4828: 4691: 4192: 3571: 3082:"The conduct of my life has been, is, and will always be the echo and reflection of my conscience." 2922: 2724: 2521: 2505: 956: 828: 814: 483: 2932:. Studio 8-H was foremost a radio and later a television studio, not a true concert hall. Its dry 2052:(1938, 1948 and 1953 broadcast, studio recording 1953, all of them in the version orchestrated by 5834: 5775: 5486: 3034: 2571:. On December 29, 1951, there was another all-Wagner program that included the two excerpts from 2568: 2517: 2027: 1949: 1939: 1932: 1849: 1173:), he remained married to Carla until she died on June 23, 1951, and Toscanini remained widowed. 748: 634:

at La Scala. He raged to a friend, "If I were capable of killing a man, I would kill Mussolini."

545:(1934–1937), as well as the 1936 inaugural concert of the Palestine Orchestra (later renamed the 44: 4842: 4552: 913: 6695: 5211: 5129: 4115: 4064: 3015: 2929: 2758: 2539:

There were two Toscanini telecasts in 1949, both devoted to the concert performance of Verdi's

2427: 1959: 1945:

Brahms, Symphony No. 3 (February 1948 broadcast) (October 1952 concert, Philharmonia Orchestra)

1867: 1853: 1630: 1618: 1605: 1600:, save for two recordings for Brunswick in 1926 (his first by the electrical process) with the 1540: 1065:" ("Here the opera ends, because at this point the maestro died"). During his funeral service, 706: 702: 535: 338: 5602: 4297: 2525: 2397: 1981: 91: 6553: 6493: 6065: 5797: 5260: 5027: 4823: 2996: 2795: 2128: 1896: 1613: 1601: 1274: 1212: 574: 538:(1930–1931), and the New York Philharmonic was the first non-German orchestra to play there. 530: 525:, but instead cut his concert schedule short and left a week early, aboard the Italian liner 334: 6174: 5869: 3663: 2841:

Over the past thirty years or so, as a new generation has appeared, an increasing amount of

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also made his live television concert debut with the Philadelphia Orchestra. They performed

2457: 6740: 6735: 6641: 6044: 5635: 5000: 4667: 4262: 4236: 4210: 3649: 2917: 2638: 2597: 2558: 2484: 2469: 2097: 2056:. The studio recording from January 1953 is the only one to have been officially released.) 2012:, (1942 broadcast, 1953 studio recording. The 1953 version is the one officially released.) 1874: 1651: 1238: 1163: 1052: 1006: 794: 771: 514: 6367: 2833: 2742:

including the "Internationale" can be heard on all RCA LP and CD releases of the cantata.

8: 6567: 6532: 6270: 5988: 5656: 5642: 5616: 5609: 5380: 5338: 5202: 5141: 5089: 4786: 3120: 3047: 2992: 2902: 2694: 2628: 2547: 2203: 1465: 1365: 1323: 1279: 948: 888: 723: 601: 465: 20: 5229: 3256:

Verdi, however, was quick to criticise Toscanini when appropriate, as in a rehearsal of

1113: 6486: 6458: 6277: 6139: 5574: 5272: 5082: 4767: 4545: 4187: 3932: 2891: 2882: 2715: 2591: 2184: 2043: 1802: 1589: 1527: 1479: 1413: 1292: 1262: 952: 907:, was taken. Toscanini and the musicians traveled on a special train chartered by NBC. 896: 834: 780: 760: 710: 510: 495: 359: 5911: 5362: 2032: 731:

and the New York Philharmonic began a series of special televised NBC concerts called

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He refused to conduct the section that Alfano composed at the opera's world premiere.

3924: 3790: 3648:) quotes him (without citation) as saying "Did I play this? I must have been crazy." 3535: 3507: 3414: 3237: 3154: 2897: 2789: 2732: 2647: 2633: 2585: 2573: 2463: 2451: 2359: 2251: 2209: 2191: 2169: 2165:

There are many pieces which Toscanini never recorded in the studio; among these are:

2153: 2111: 2037: 1998: 1671: 1625:. There are also recorded concerts with various European orchestras, especially with 1232: 1141: 904: 876: 845:. (Earlier, while music director of the New York Philharmonic, he conducted music by 823: 714: 638: 609: 588:

During his career as an opera conductor, Toscanini collaborated with such artists as

542: 6560: 6507: 5862: 5682: 3458: 3107: 1031: 474:. In 1896, Toscanini conducted his first symphonic concert (in Turin, with works by 6719: 6263: 6221: 6118: 6100: 6009: 5995: 5953: 5946: 5932: 5918: 5897: 5703: 5581: 5567: 5515: 5302: 5290: 5278: 5168: 4932: 3916: 3782: 3766: 3103: 2911: 2785: 2781: 2703: 2699: 2106: 1974: 1784: 1715: 1561: 1455: 1429: 1309: 1268: 1170: 1122: 1044: 1000: 868: 850: 800: 621: 605: 593: 404: 396: 321: 258: 240: 193: 175: 6332: 6291: 5939: 5883: 860:

In 1940, Toscanini took the NBC Symphony on a tour of South America, sailing from

624:. Toscanini had already become disillusioned with fascism before the October 1922 6546: 6539: 6451: 6430: 6402: 6381: 6360: 6305: 6167: 6125: 6072: 5855: 5738: 5623: 5595: 5508: 5434: 5428: 5356: 5320: 5014: 4857: 4764:, New York/London: Liveright, 2017. (Completely new and more detailed biography.) 4594: 4353: 3615: 3509: 3434: 3338: 3076: 3059: 2906: 2886: 2874: 2859: 2813: 2776: 2677: 2501: 2415: 2414:

Arturo Toscanini was one of the first conductors to make extended appearances on

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Toscanini prepared and conducted seven complete operas for NBC radio broadcasts:

775: 653:, but he flatly refused, despite the presence of fascist communications minister 479: 455: 366: 244: 4457: 4432: 3112:

At the point where Puccini left off writing the finale of his unfinished opera,

2605: 2293:. Toscanini's ten NBC Symphony telecasts from 1948 until 1952 were preserved in 1913:, (1953 and 1940 NBC broadcast) (Only the 1953 version was released officially.) 925: 6608: 6594: 6587: 6479: 6472: 6465: 6444: 6437: 6409: 6395: 6388: 6312: 6298: 6256: 6207: 6146: 6086: 6079: 6058: 6030: 6002: 5967: 5904: 5745: 5731: 5675: 5663: 5649: 5522: 5501: 5326: 5218: 5048: 4985: 4909: 4798: 4778: 4704: 4586: 3636: 3128: 3119:

While in California in 1940, Toscanini was invited to visit a movie set at the

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in which he yells in frustration when the double basses aren't quite together.

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In December 1943, Toscanini appeared in a 31-minute film for the United States

2623: 2489: 2480: 2446: 2310:(1998, 15 8–21) and Christopher Dyment's "Toscanini's European Inheritance" in 2290: 2236: 2197: 2143: 2083: 2059: 1969: 1916: 1821: 1797: 1724: 1707: 1675: 1667: 1659: 1551: 1403: 1244: 842: 654: 569:. During his engagement with the New York Philharmonic, his concert master was 487: 475: 422: 376: 326: 2830:

in an audio interview, readily acknowledged what they felt was his greatness.

2579: 2475: 785: 6729: 6622: 6615: 6214: 6200: 6186: 6132: 6037: 6023: 5974: 5890: 5724: 5548: 5445: 5398: 5332: 5076: 4891: 4283: 3928: 3794: 3063: 2827: 2747: 2668: 2642:. The final live Toscanini telecast, on March 22, 1952, included Beethoven's 2613: 2554: 2375: 2256: 2053: 1736: 1719: 1593: 1536: 1287: 1223: 854: 846: 809: 789: 755: 718: 686: 662: 625: 589: 519: 4870: 4851: 4346: 2987:

Beginning in 1963, NBC Radio broadcast a weekly series of programs entitled

403:, on November 4, 1886, in the world premiere of the revised version of 6707: 6655: 6634: 6601: 6500: 6416: 6374: 6353: 6346: 6339: 6235: 5876: 5816: 5790: 5764: 5752: 5689: 5555: 5416: 5392: 5368: 5042: 4736: 4634: 4617: 4613: 4578: 3641: 3124: 3099: 3055: 3019: 2851: 2847: 2652: 2494: 2245: 2225: 2080:

benefit concert at Carnegie Hall, first issued in 1959 on LP by RCA Victor)

1963: 1679: 1638: 1634: 1622: 1475: 1183: 1130: 1066: 839: 822:; and music by several other American composers, including some marches of 819: 666: 432: 5541: 5455: 5020: 4656:, New York: Knopf, 1987 (contains many inaccuracies corrected by Sachs in 2020: 1206: 1133:. Then, that same year (1906), Carla gave birth to their second daughter, 976: 460: 6160: 6153: 6093: 6016: 5981: 5848: 5771: 5710: 5588: 5404: 5308: 4819: 3786: 3700:"Symphony of the Air: Former NBC Symphony Players Still Great Ensemble." 3608: 2821:

issued a 25 cent postage stamp in his honor. Some online critics such as

2423: 2230: 2069: 1925:(1947 NBC broadcast) (only excerpts released during Toscanini's lifetime) 1727:

expressed his admiration for what Toscanini achieved with the orchestra.

1079: 982: 865: 832:, which was incorporated into the NBC Symphony's performances of Verdi's 728: 658: 141: 4159: 2076:, Vladimir Horowitz and NBC Symphony, (live recording of April 25, 1943 1978:(1950 and 1940 broadcast; only the 1950 version was released officially) 387: 337:. Later in his career, he was appointed the first music director of the 5960: 5410: 4138: 4017: 2728: 2673: 2664: 2269: 1597: 1126: 740: 630: 597: 570: 566: 441: 358:, Emilia-Romagna, His father was a tailor. He won a scholarship to the 4838:

Toscanini and the History of the NBC Symphony plus Live WWII broadcast

3936: 3904: 3480: 2479:. On the very same day that this concert was telecast live, conductor 6242: 6228: 5314: 5006: 2941: 2933: 2563: 2439: 2435: 2379: 2367:

transcriptions; in 2006, they were re-released by Testament on DVD.)

2294: 2124: 2119: 2077: 1256: 1200: 1048: 805: 554: 518:

in May 1915, Toscanini was set to return to Europe aboard the doomed

470: 2604:

On March 15, 1952, Toscanini conducted the Symphonic Interlude from

33: 6423: 5034: 4940: 4899: 4407: 3920: 3095: 2660:

radio until April 1954, telecasts were abandoned after March 1952.

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featured on the March 1948 telecast, plus the Prelude to Act II of

2355: 2285:

Orchestra from 1946 until 1952 include a live recording of Verdi's

2282: 2241: 1626: 1498: 1218: 1057: 550: 501: 417: 412: 330: 1747:

NBC recorded all of Toscanini's broadcast performances on 16-inch

3595:"Stokowski out of NBC Symphony; Toscanini Bans Dual Leadership." 2711: 2618: 2553:

There were no Toscanini telecasts in 1950, but they resumed from

1906:(1952 and 1938) (only the 1952 recording was released officially) 970: 646: 2858:, rejects this revisionism quite strongly, and cites the author 1962:, London (his only appearances with that orchestra, produced by 4991: 3258: 2371: 2333: 2136: 1958:, Four Symphonies, Tragic Overture and Haydn Variations, 1952, 1592:, and his last with the NBC Symphony Orchestra in June 1954 in 988: 427: 3721:. Vol. XXX, no. 104. IP. January 16, 1957. p. 1 3508:

Association for the Advancement of Instrumental Music (1993).

1144:. They worked together a number of times and recorded Brahms' 677: 302: 270: 3994:

Eyewitness accounts by William Knorp, B.H. Haggin and others.

3460:

Live from Studio 8H: A Tribute to Toscanini (TV Special 1980)

2977:(If You Can't Sing It) You'll Have to Swing It (Mr. Paganini) 2770:

Toscanini is the subject of the 1988 fictionalized biography

2341: 1512: 1327: 1313: 1063:

Qui finisce l'opera, perché a questo punto il maestro è morto

883:

One of the more remarkable broadcasts was in July 1942, when

698: 562: 558: 400: 355: 171: 6702: 1783:

and by Pfeiffer. These followed test sessions in New York's

1596:. His entire catalog of commercial recordings was issued by 1554:

with the NBC Symphony Orchestra, New York on 30 March, 1940.

615: 369:

relinquished the post a few hours before the performance of

261: 4639:

Arturo Toscanini: Contemporary Recollections of the Maestro

4433:"Toscanini in a rage - scary rehearsal | Ghostarchive" 3537:

American composers today: a biographical and critical guide

3193:

Non muore la musica – La vita e l'opera di Arturo Toscanini

2702:. Mostly filmed in NBC's Studio 8-H, the film, narrated by 2541: 1845:

1952 performance featuring Arturo Toscanini (conductor) of

1547: 994: 371: 308: 293: 273: 661:. Mussolini, incensed by the conductor's refusal, had his 284: 5259: 3085:"Gentlemen, be democrats in life but aristocrats in art." 3000: 2378:

made his New York debut, and a 1940 broadcast version of

1609: 2374:'s Piano Concerto No. 27 on February 20, 1936, at which 1700: 1650:

Toscanini was especially famous for his performances of

4458:"Toscanini DESTROYS a bass section | Ghostarchive" 1796:

a few weeks earlier. Two days after the final concert,

4390: 4388: 3715:"Arturo Toscanini, 89, dies in sleep at New York Home" 6679: 3481:"The Toscanini Legacy collection of sound recordings" 3439:. International Double Reed Society. 1995. p. 65 2512:, Op. 52 (with two pianists and a small chorus); and 305: 299: 290: 287: 278: 4140:

Toscanini: The Maestro / Verdi - Hymn of the Nations

3266:: "Gia nella notte densa". cf. Conati et al., p. 304 2506:

Concerto for Violin, Cello, and Orchestra in A minor

281: 267: 4385: 2445:

The telecasts began on March 20, 1948, with an all-

505:

Caricature of Toscanini drawn by Enrico Caruso

296: 264: 58:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 6771:Honorary members of the Royal Philharmonic Society 4544: 4408:"The Real Toscanini: Musicians Reveal the Maestro" 3807:"The Maestro Plays Games with Sonia on the Lawn." 3534: 2508:(Mischa Mischakoff, violin; Frank Miller, cello); 2206:, Symphony No. 7 "Leningrad" (1942, on RCA Victor) 1564:– NBC Symphony Orchestra, New York, November 1945. 826:. He even wrote his own orchestral arrangement of 448: 4519:The Oxford Illustrated History of the Third Reich 3413:. Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. p. 238. 3369: 3367: 2595:; and "Siegfried's Death and Funeral Music" from 2430:, and the first complete telecast of Beethoven's 1689: 1230:. He conducted the first Italian performances of 577:in Istanbul, who, later, became conductor of the 411:(it had had its premiere in its original form at 19:"Toscanini" redirects here. For the surname, see 6727: 3871: 3765: 2194:, Symphony No. 3 "Scottish" (1941, on Testament) 329:. He was at various times the music director of 3837: 3220:Greene's Biographical Encyclopedia of Composers 3008:New York Public Library for the Performing Arts 2275:New York Public Library for the Performing Arts 2092:(1940 NBC broadcast; and 1951 studio recording) 1078:In his will, he left his baton to his protégée 4641:, New York: Da Capo Press, 1989 (A reprint of 3364: 3297: 1881:"Eroica" (1953; also 1939 and 1949 recordings) 1422:by Antonio Smareglia – Milan, January 22, 1903 6756:Burials at the Cimitero Monumentale di Milano 5471: 5245: 4956: 4875:Discography of American Historical Recordings 4833:The Interviews: An Oral History of Television 4791:(contains inaccuracies corrected by Sachs in 4682:(contains inaccuracies corrected by Sachs in 4176: 3974:Arturo Toscanini: The Complete RCA Collection 3902: 3661: 2449:program, including the Prelude to Act III of 1380:by Cesare Galeotii – Milan, December 17, 1900 1260:, as well as the South American premieres of 6826:Music directors of the New York Philharmonic 4689:Marsh, R. C. Toscanini on Records – Part I: 3503: 3501: 2467:; "Dawn and Siegfried's Rhine Journey" from 2264: 2074:Piano concerto No. 1 in B flat minor, Op. 23 649:, Toscanini was ordered to begin by playing 5485: 3427: 3284:"Out Today: New Victor Records for March". 2905:'s symphonies (Nos. 1 and 7), and three of 2317: 1730: 1494:by Riccardo Zandonai – Milan, March 7, 1925 1342:by Natale Canti – Bologna, December 1, 1894 637:At a memorial concert for Italian composer 6821:Royal Philharmonic Society Gold Medallists 5478: 5464: 5252: 5238: 4963: 4949: 4858:Newspaper clippings about Arturo Toscanini 4701:Marsh Part III: vol 4,1955, pp. 83–91 4065:"Penn Special Collections – Ormandy/Usher" 3903:Boult, Adrian; Goldberg, Rachelle (1973). 3355: 3300:"8 Famous People Who Missed the Lusitania" 3018:papers, and a collection of material from 1286:. He also conducted the world premiere of 1117:Toscanini with his wife and daughter Wally 140: 6766:Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award winners 4783:The Maestro: The Life of Arturo Toscanini 4698:Marsh Part II: vol 4,1955, pp. 75–81 4542: 4515: 4295: 4084: 4082: 3498: 3236:. Cornell University Press. p. 303. 3050:, and featuring commentary by conductors 2957:The Maestro: The Life Of Arturo Toscanini 2516:On December 3, 1948, Toscanini conducted 1386:by Leoncavallo – Milan, November 10, 1900 885:Toscanini conducted the American premiere 672: 616:Departure from Italy to the United States 118:Learn how and when to remove this message 4543:Schonberg, Harold C. (January 1, 1997). 3526: 3342:, November 25, 1935 (to be found in the 3025: 2869:Some contemporary critics, particularly 2832: 2805: 2312:International Classical Record Collector 2308:International Classical Record Collector 2268: 1448:by Puccini – New York, December 10, 1910 1374:by Enrico De Leva – Turin, March 2, 1898 1162:During World War II, Toscanini lived in 1112: 1030: 924: 676: 500: 386: 6746:20th-century Italian conductors (music) 4777: 4516:Gellately, Robert (February 14, 2018). 4394: 4090:"The First Televised Orchestra Concert" 3569: 3408: 3190: 3088:Referring to the first movement of the 2944:(rhythmically too rigid) performances: 2940:Toscanini has also been criticized for 2473:; and "The Ride of the Valkyries" from 2123:(Act III only, 1944; from World War II 2066:(Philadelphia, 1941; NBC 1947 and 1953) 1520: 1348:by Antonio Lozzi – Venice, May 24, 1895 1101:Toscanini was posthumously awarded the 228: 1897; died 1951) 6781:Italian emigrants to the United States 6728: 4551:. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 4079: 3232:Conati, Marcello; et al. (1986). 3231: 1488:by Giordano – Milan, December 20, 1924 1010:(the two-part concert performances of 5459: 5233: 5204:Arturo Toscanini: Hymn of the Nations 4944: 4356:. Klassi.net. Retrieved June 7, 2012. 4136: 3570:Vinson, Bill; Casey, Ginger Quering. 3148: 2676:were replaced with new commentary by 2550:were on risers behind the orchestra. 2222:, Symphony No. 2 (1946, on Testament) 2200:, Symphony No. 2 (1940, on Testament) 1827: 1701:The Philadelphia Orchestra recordings 1516:by Giordano – Milan, January 12, 1929 1299: 320: 6761:Conductors of the Metropolitan Opera 4970: 4209:. September 30, 2007. Archived from 3874:"Letters detail Toscanini's affairs" 3687:"Survival Sought by NBC Orchestra." 3576:Welcome Aboard Moore-McCormack Lines 3532: 2989:Toscanini: The Man Behind The Legend 2798:plays Toscanini in a brief scene in 2532:; and Wagner's original overture to 1604:and a series of recordings with the 1272:and the North American premieres of 721:. Studio 8-H has been home to NBC's 56:adding citations to reliable sources 27: 6751:20th-century Italian male musicians 4567:Toscanini allegro con brio comment. 4235:. November 29, 2008. Archived from 3872:Catherine Milner (April 20, 2002). 2455:; the overture and bacchanale from 2344:'s Symphonies Nos. 88 and 104, and 1991:Mendelssohn, Incidental Music from 1986:Symphony No. 9 "From the New World" 739:Toscanini's recording sessions for 13: 4726:. UMI Dissertation Services, 1994. 4607: 4114:. January 13, 2009. Archived from 3618:. MOG.com. Retrieved June 7, 2012. 2301: 1942:(1952 and February 1948 broadcast) 1568: 1336:by Gnaga – Rome, November 15, 1892 541:In the 1930s, he conducted at the 14: 6837: 4813: 4762:Toscanini: Musician of Conscience 3958:"Toscanini Plays Two New Works." 2589:; the Prelude and Liebestod from 2514:Hungarian Dance No. 1 in G minor. 1897:Philharmonic-Symphony of New York 1850:Symphony No. 4 in E Minor Opus 98 1508:by Pizzetti – Milan, May 16, 1928 1222:. He also took an active role in 1103:Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award 6713: 6701: 6689: 6177: 5807: 5774: 5755: 5666: 5626: 5558: 5525: 5444: 4547:The Lives of the Great Composers 4492:"Search Results - - 173 Results" 4323:"Search Results - - 173 Results" 4298:"Toscanini, The Recorded Legend" 4112:"Toscanini: Hymn of the Nations" 3811:, November 27, 1939, 66–67 3040:Toscanini: The Maestro Revisited 2999:. The series was rebroadcast by 1840: 1166:, a historic home in Riverdale. 1108: 1082:, who sang in the broadcasts of 257: 32: 6791:Italian male conductors (music) 4755:The Letters of Arturo Toscanini 4662:Arturo Toscanini: The NBC Years 4629:Arturo Toscanini: The NBC Years 4572: 4536: 4509: 4484: 4475: 4450: 4425: 4400: 4359: 4340: 4315: 4289: 4277: 4261:. June 18, 2008. Archived from 4251: 4225: 4199: 4170: 4153: 4130: 4104: 4057: 4045: 4033: 4010: 3997: 3988: 3965: 3952: 3943: 3896: 3865: 3831: 3814: 3801: 3759: 3733: 3707: 3694: 3681: 3655: 3630: 3621: 3602: 3589: 3563: 3553: 3473: 3451: 3402: 3389: 3376: 3358:Toscanini: An Intimate Portrait 3349: 3330: 3314: 3291: 3288:, March 1, 1921 (advertisement) 3207:Arturo Toscanini: The NBC Years 3195:. SUGARco Edizioni. p. 36. 1035:Toscanini's family tomb at the 449:National and international fame 225: 43:needs additional citations for 4829:Talking About Arturo Toscanini 4733:. New York: A. A. Knopf, 1947. 4711:. New York: Hippocrene, 1982. 4695:, vol. 4, 1954, pp. 55–58 4137:Rosen, Peter (March 9, 2004), 3360:. Alfred A. Knopf. p. 98. 3298:Greg Daugherty (May 2, 2013). 3278: 3269: 3250: 3225: 3212: 3199: 3184: 3167: 3142: 2800:Florence Foster Jenkins (film) 2735:performed in the latter work. 2149:Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg 1690:Charles O'Connell on Toscanini 1645: 1586:Victor Talking Machine Company 1176: 509:In 1908, Toscanini joined the 492:Victor Talking Machine Company 349: 1: 6250:Arturo Benedetti Michelangeli 4599:The Book of Musical Anecdotes 3664:"Toscanini: The Last Concert" 3179:Microcosmo. Theatro Imperial. 3135: 3069: 2626:'s "Nuages" and "Fêtes" from 2409: 1069:sang an excerpt from Verdi's 1018: 930: 727:since 1975. In January 1980, 583:New Mexico Symphony Orchestra 547:Israel Philharmonic Orchestra 322:[arˈtuːrotoskaˈniːni] 147: 16:Italian conductor (1867–1957) 6811:People from Riverdale, Bronx 5198:Arturo Toscanini discography 4774:Vienna: Reichner Verlag 1937 4731:The Other Side of the Record 4674:, New York: Atheneum, 1975. 4647:The Toscanini Musicians Knew 4643:Conversations with Toscanini 3826:The Juilliard Journal Online 3646:The Toscanini Musicians Knew 3325:Music: Toscanini at Bayreuth 3038:telecast a program entitled 2837:Arturo Toscanini, March 1934 2819:United States Postal Service 2010:Symphony No. 5 "Reformation" 1575:Arturo Toscanini discography 1543:, New York, November 5, 1938 1478:(completed by Toscanini and 1458:– New York, January 25, 1915 1193: 1159:playing with the conductor. 1037:Monumental Cemetery of Milan 962:Amahl and the Night Visitors 691:Radio Corporation of America 665:, placed him under constant 585:as a professional ensemble. 575:Master of the Sultan's Music 344: 7: 4871:Arturo Toscanini recordings 4862:20th Century Press Archives 4847:National Recording Registry 4522:. Oxford University Press. 3773:and Its Posthumous Prima". 3356:Chotzinoff, Samuel (1956). 3106:. Bah! For me it is simply 2160: 1579: 1432:– Bologna, December 5, 1905 1226:'s completion of Puccini's 1015:from several other operas. 553:, later conducting them in 10: 6842: 6776:Italian classical cellists 5130:Overture to Colas Breugnon 4809:Magazine, July/August 2002 4724:The NBC Symphony Orchestra 3409:Farrell, Nicholas (2005). 3191:Tarozzi, Giuseppe (1977). 3042:, written and narrated by 2979:is a satire of Toscanini. 2557:on November 3, 1951, with 2522:Symphony No. 40 in G minor 1572: 1468:– Milan, December 16, 1922 1406:– Milan, November 16, 1901 697:to visit the conductor in 579:Chicago Symphony Orchestra 529:. Toscanini conducted the 18: 6806:Parma Conservatory alumni 6577: 6524: 6322: 6110: 5826: 5493: 5442: 5268: 5190: 5161: 5115: 5067: 5060: 4978: 4929: 4924:Music Director, La Scala 4922: 4916: 4906: 4896: 4888: 4883: 3644:in 1967 (at pp. 54–55 of 3003:radio in the late 1970s. 2982: 2746:was nominated for a 1944 2690:Office of War Information 2265:Rehearsals and broadcasts 2049:Pictures at an Exhibition 1993:A Midsummer Night's Dream 1952:(1951 and 1948 broadcast) 1870:unless otherwise shown): 1839: 1834: 1533:First Essay for Orchestra 1396:– Milan, January 17, 1901 1358:– Turin, February 1, 1896 1094:, the Verdi Requiem, and 705:on December 25, 1937, in 235: 209: 201: 182: 157: 139: 132: 5926:Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau 5175:Wanda Toscanini Horowitz 4757:, New York: Knopf, 2003. 4748:Reflections on Toscanini 4658:Reflections on Toscanini 4412:www.therealtoscanini.com 4352:August 17, 2004, at the 4185:. Movies & TV Dept. 3849:. London. Archived from 3275:Opera. June 1954, p. 334 2856:Toscanini: The NBC Years 2725:The Star-Spangled Banner 2461:; "Forest Murmurs" from 2318:Arturo Toscanini Society 2127:benefit concert held in 2003:Symphony No. 4 "Italian" 1731:High fidelity and stereo 1670:and his own compatriots 829:The Star-Spangled Banner 641:on May 14, 1931, at the 513:in New York, along with 6796:Music directors (opera) 6580:record label executives 5842:Victoria de los Ángeles 5487:Gramophone Hall of Fame 4654:Understanding Toscanini 4019:NBC Symphony Broadcasts 3035:The Bell Telephone Hour 2864:Understanding Toscanini 2683: 2504:program, including the 1442:– Milan, April 15, 1907 1416:– Milan, March 11, 1902 749:New York Public Library 581:and the founder of the 5212:Toscanini: The Maestro 4719:(includes discography) 4302:www.classicalnotes.net 4177:Matthew Tobey (2007). 3662:Peter Gutmann (1995). 3627:RCA Victor liner notes 3614:June 29, 2009, at the 3336:"Music: Lange's own", 3149:Sachs, Harvey (1978). 3016:Fiorello H. La Guardia 2965: 2909:'s most famous works, 2850:, Mortimer Frank, and 2838: 2759:Toscanini: The Maestro 2752:Best Documentary Short 2632:; and the overture of 2277: 1960:Philharmonia Orchestra 1854:Philharmonia Orchestra 1631:Philharmonia Orchestra 1619:Philadelphia Orchestra 1608:from 1937 to 1939 for 1606:BBC Symphony Orchestra 1541:NBC Symphony Orchestra 1482:) – Milan, May 1, 1924 1368:– Turin, March 6, 1897 1118: 1040: 936: 703:NBC Symphony Orchestra 682: 673:NBC Symphony Orchestra 573:, the son of the last 506: 392: 384:conductor, at age 19. 354:Toscanini was born in 339:NBC Symphony Orchestra 6786:Italian life senators 6494:Mstislav Rostropovich 6066:Elisabeth Schwarzkopf 5798:Michael Tilson Thomas 5261:New York Philharmonic 5028:La fanciulla del West 4213:on September 30, 2007 4195:on December 24, 2007. 3822:"A Toscanini Odyssey" 3560:archives.nyphil.org). 3514:. The Instrumentalist 3411:Mussolini: a New Life 3234:Encounters with Verdi 3176:, 5th July 1886 p.1: 3027:The Maestro Revisited 2997:American Record Guide 2946: 2836: 2806:Acclaim and criticism 2796:John Kavanagh (actor) 2272: 2188:(1940, on RCA Victor) 2129:Madison Square Garden 1602:New York Philharmonic 1446:La fanciulla del West 1308:(revised version) by 1213:La fanciulla del West 1146:second piano concerto 1129:on June 10, 1906, in 1116: 1034: 928: 745:On and Off The Record 680: 531:New York Philharmonic 504: 390: 335:New York Philharmonic 6801:Musicians from Parma 6578:Producers/engineers/ 6045:Anne Sofie von Otter 5636:Nikolaus Harnoncourt 5061:Orchestral premieres 4787:Simon & Schuster 4729:O'Connell, Charles, 4722:Meyer, Donald Carl, 4627:Frank, Mortimer H., 4239:on November 29, 2008 4181:Il Giovane Toscanini 3977:, RCA Red Seal, 2012 3843:"Conductor con brio" 3533:Ewen, David (1949). 3304:Smithsonian Magazine 3218:David Mason Greene, 3094:: "Some say this is 2918:An American in Paris 2772:Il giovane Toscanini 2708:La forza del destino 2530:Symphonic Variations 2434:. All of these were 2403:Symphonic Variations 2216:(1943, on Testament) 2176:(1938, on Testament) 2140:(1947 NBC broadcast) 2101:(1954 NBC broadcast) 2098:Un ballo in maschera 1811:Un Ballo in Maschera 1521:Orchestral premieres 1492:I Cavalieri di Ekebu 1251:Pelléas et Mélisande 1150:first piano concerto 1096:Un ballo in maschera 1053:Cimitero Monumentale 1007:Un Ballo in Maschera 945:Un Ballo in Maschera 838:, together with the 772:An American in Paris 515:Giulio Gatti-Casazza 52:improve this article 6568:The Tallis Scholars 6533:Alban Berg Quartett 6271:Sergei Rachmaninoff 5989:Dmitri Hvorostovsky 5657:Herbert von Karajan 5643:Christopher Hogwood 5617:Carlo Maria Giulini 5610:John Eliot Gardiner 5603:Wilhelm Furtwängler 5381:Dimitri Mitropoulos 5090:Essay for Orchestra 4768:Selden-Goth, Gisela 4753:Harvey Sachs, ed., 4496:UNT Digital Library 4367:"Kodaly's Symphony" 4327:UNT Digital Library 4161:Hymn of the Nations 4118:on January 13, 2009 4092:. Library.upenn.edu 4067:. Library.upenn.edu 3884:on October 21, 2014 3853:on October 21, 2014 3820:Frank, Mortimer H. 3747:on November 7, 2019 3704:, November 14, 1954 3511:The Instrumentalist 3323:, August 4, 1930: " 3310:on October 7, 2013. 3205:Mortimer H. Frank, 3174:Jornal do Commercio 3121:Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer 3075:Of German composer 3048:Harold C. Schonberg 2993:Giovanni Martinelli 2923:Piano Concerto in F 2903:Dmitri Shostakovich 2765:Hymn of the Nations 2744:Hymn of the Nations 2740:Hymn of the Nations 2695:Hymn of the Nations 2548:Robert Shaw Chorale 2510:Liebeslieder-Walzer 2204:Dmitri Shostakovich 1486:La Cena delle Beffe 1466:Ildebrando Pizzetti 1366:Arturo Buzzi-Peccia 1324:Ruggero Leoncavallo 1280:Dmitri Shostakovich 949:Symphony of the Air 897:transcription discs 889:Dmitri Shostakovich 835:Hymn of the Nations 815:Piano Concerto in F 767:Essay for Orchestra 733:Live From Studio 8H 724:Saturday Night Live 709:in New York City's 689:, president of the 602:Giovanni Martinelli 21:Toscanini (surname) 6816:RCA Victor artists 6554:The King's Singers 6487:Jean-Pierre Rampal 6459:Anne-Sophie Mutter 6278:Sviatoslav Richter 6175:Marc-André Hamelin 6140:Vladimir Ashkenazy 5870:Montserrat Caballé 5575:Sergiu Celibidache 5273:Ureli Corelli Hill 5215:(1985 documentary) 5083:Adagio for Strings 4979:Operatic premieres 4652:Horowitz, Joseph, 4622:This Was Toscanini 4593:, 1951; quoted in 4188:The New York Times 3960:The New York Times 3787:10.1093/oq/2.3.126 3702:The New York Times 3689:The New York Times 3597:The New York Times 3286:The New York Times 3108:allegro con brio." 2839: 2788:, and directed by 2716:Inno delle nazioni 2592:Tristan und Isolde 2358:' Symphony No. 4, 2278: 2185:Petrushka (ballet) 1828:Notable recordings 1803:Warner Music Group 1789:Damnation of Faust 1781:This Was Toscanini 1629:Orchestra and the 1614:His Master's Voice 1590:Camden, New Jersey 1528:Adagio for Strings 1480:Vincenzo Tommasini 1414:Alberto Franchetti 1316:, November 4, 1886 1300:Operatic premieres 1293:Adagio for Strings 1263:Tristan und Isolde 1148:and Tchaikovsky's 1119: 1041: 953:Gian Carlo Menotti 937: 781:Grand Canyon Suite 761:Adagio for Strings 711:Rockefeller Center 683: 527:Duca degli Abruzzi 511:Metropolitan Opera 507: 496:Camden, New Jersey 393: 360:Parma Conservatory 67:"Arturo Toscanini" 6677: 6676: 6668:Kenneth Wilkinson 6649:Goddard Lieberson 6368:Jacqueline du Pré 6285:Arthur Rubinstein 6194:Vladimir Horowitz 6052:Luciano Pavarotti 5784:Leopold Stokowski 5718:Yevgeny Mravinsky 5697:Charles Mackerras 5535:Leonard Bernstein 5453: 5452: 5387:Leonard Bernstein 5375:Leopold Stokowski 5345:Willem Mengelberg 5227: 5226: 5181:Vladimir Horowitz 5157: 5156: 4939: 4938: 4930:Succeeded by 4907:Succeeded by 4884:Cultural offices 4562:978-0-393-03857-6 4529:978-0-19-104402-1 4373:. August 16, 2015 3915:(1562): 378–379. 3909:The Musical Times 3485:archives.nypl.org 3153:. Da Capo Press. 2790:Franco Zeffirelli 2733:Westminster Choir 2248:Memorial Concert. 2210:Vasily Kalinnikov 2154:Salzburg Festival 2112:Salzburg Festival 2038:Salzburg Festival 1922:Roméo et Juliette 1888:"Pastoral" (1952) 1864: 1863: 1712:AFM recording ban 1695:Charles O'Connell 1334:Guglielmo Swarten 1142:Vladimir Horowitz 905:Sun Valley, Idaho 877:Leopold Stokowski 824:John Philip Sousa 715:Leopold Stokowski 695:Samuel Chotzinoff 639:Giuseppe Martucci 610:Aureliano Pertile 543:Salzburg Festival 391:Toscanini in 1908 333:in Milan and the 250: 249: 128: 127: 120: 102: 6833: 6718: 6717: 6716: 6706: 6705: 6694: 6693: 6692: 6685: 6670: 6663: 6658: 6651: 6644: 6637: 6630: 6625: 6618: 6611: 6604: 6597: 6590: 6570: 6563: 6556: 6549: 6542: 6535: 6517: 6510: 6503: 6496: 6489: 6482: 6475: 6468: 6461: 6454: 6447: 6440: 6433: 6426: 6419: 6412: 6405: 6398: 6391: 6384: 6377: 6370: 6363: 6356: 6349: 6342: 6335: 6325:woodwind players 6315: 6308: 6301: 6294: 6287: 6280: 6273: 6266: 6264:Maurizio Pollini 6259: 6252: 6245: 6238: 6231: 6224: 6222:Gustav Leonhardt 6217: 6210: 6203: 6196: 6189: 6182: 6181: 6170: 6163: 6156: 6149: 6142: 6135: 6128: 6121: 6119:Leif Ove Andsnes 6103: 6101:Fritz Wunderlich 6096: 6089: 6082: 6075: 6068: 6061: 6054: 6047: 6040: 6033: 6026: 6019: 6012: 6010:Simon Keenlyside 6005: 5998: 5996:Gundula Janowitz 5991: 5984: 5977: 5970: 5963: 5956: 5954:Nicolai Ghiaurov 5949: 5947:Angela Gheorghiu 5942: 5935: 5933:Kirsten Flagstad 5928: 5921: 5919:Kathleen Ferrier 5914: 5907: 5900: 5898:Feodor Chaliapin 5893: 5886: 5879: 5872: 5865: 5858: 5851: 5844: 5837: 5819: 5812: 5811: 5805:Arturo Toscanini 5800: 5793: 5786: 5779: 5778: 5767: 5760: 5759: 5748: 5741: 5734: 5727: 5720: 5713: 5706: 5704:Neville Marriner 5699: 5692: 5685: 5678: 5671: 5670: 5659: 5652: 5645: 5638: 5631: 5630: 5619: 5612: 5605: 5598: 5591: 5584: 5582:Riccardo Chailly 5577: 5570: 5568:Benjamin Britten 5563: 5562: 5551: 5544: 5537: 5530: 5529: 5518: 5516:Daniel Barenboim 5511: 5504: 5480: 5473: 5466: 5457: 5456: 5448: 5351:Arturo Toscanini 5303:Adolf Neuendorff 5291:Leopold Damrosch 5279:Theodore Eisfeld 5254: 5247: 5240: 5231: 5230: 5169:Walter Toscanini 5065: 5064: 4972:Arturo Toscanini 4965: 4958: 4951: 4942: 4941: 4933:Victor de Sabata 4917:Preceded by 4898:Music Director, 4889:Preceded by 4881: 4880: 4820:Arturo Toscanini 4790: 4772:Arturo Toscanini 4709:Arturo Toscanini 4668:Marek, George R. 4601: 4576: 4570: 4569: 4550: 4540: 4534: 4533: 4513: 4507: 4506: 4504: 4502: 4488: 4482: 4479: 4473: 4472: 4470: 4468: 4462:ghostarchive.org 4454: 4448: 4447: 4445: 4443: 4437:ghostarchive.org 4429: 4423: 4422: 4420: 4418: 4404: 4398: 4392: 4383: 4382: 4380: 4378: 4363: 4357: 4344: 4338: 4337: 4335: 4333: 4319: 4313: 4312: 4310: 4308: 4293: 4287: 4281: 4275: 4274: 4272: 4270: 4265:on June 18, 2008 4255: 4249: 4248: 4246: 4244: 4229: 4223: 4222: 4220: 4218: 4203: 4197: 4196: 4191:. 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Wilson Co 3540: 3530: 3524: 3523: 3521: 3519: 3505: 3496: 3495: 3493: 3491: 3477: 3471: 3470: 3469: 3467: 3455: 3449: 3448: 3446: 3444: 3431: 3425: 3424: 3406: 3400: 3393: 3387: 3380: 3374: 3371: 3362: 3361: 3353: 3347: 3334: 3328: 3318: 3312: 3311: 3306:. Archived from 3295: 3289: 3282: 3276: 3273: 3267: 3254: 3248: 3247: 3229: 3223: 3216: 3210: 3203: 3197: 3196: 3188: 3182: 3171: 3165: 3164: 3146: 2963: 2912:Rhapsody in Blue 2786:Elizabeth Taylor 2782:C. Thomas Howell 2704:Burgess Meredith 2700:Alexander Hammid 2244:, Milan, 1948 – 2024:(1946 broadcast) 1844: 1843: 1832: 1831: 1785:Manhattan Center 1774: 1773: 1769: 1766: 1760: 1759: 1755: 1752: 1716:Columbia Records 1562:Elie Siegmeister 1456:Umberto Giordano 1452:Madame Sans-Gène 1430:Vittorio Gnecchi 1310:Alfredo Catalani 1269:Madama Butterfly 1171:Geraldine Farrar 959:for television, 935: 932: 851:Bernard Wagenaar 801:Rhapsody in Blue 681:Arturo Toscanini 622:Benito Mussolini 606:Geraldine Farrar 594:Feodor Chaliapin 439:, suggesting an 405:Alfredo Catalani 397:Teatro Carignano 324: 319: 315: 314: 311: 310: 307: 304: 301: 298: 295: 292: 289: 286: 283: 280: 276: 275: 272: 269: 266: 263: 253:Arturo Toscanini 229: 227: 215:Carla de Martini 194:Riverdale, Bronx 189: 186:January 16, 1957 176:Kingdom of Italy 167: 165: 152: 149: 144: 134:Arturo Toscanini 130: 129: 123: 116: 112: 109: 103: 101: 60: 36: 28: 6841: 6840: 6836: 6835: 6834: 6832: 6831: 6830: 6726: 6725: 6724: 6714: 6712: 6700: 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5856:Cecilia Bartoli 5854: 5847: 5840: 5833: 5822: 5815: 5803: 5796: 5789: 5782: 5770: 5763: 5751: 5744: 5739:Antonio Pappano 5737: 5730: 5723: 5716: 5709: 5702: 5695: 5688: 5681: 5674: 5662: 5655: 5648: 5641: 5634: 5624:Bernard Haitink 5622: 5615: 5608: 5601: 5596:Gustavo Dudamel 5594: 5587: 5580: 5573: 5566: 5554: 5547: 5540: 5533: 5521: 5514: 5509:John Barbirolli 5507: 5500: 5489: 5484: 5454: 5449: 5440: 5435:Gustavo Dudamel 5429:Jaap van Zweden 5363:Artur Rodziński 5357:John Barbirolli 5321:Walter Damrosch 5297:Theodore Thomas 5264: 5263:Music Directors 5258: 5228: 5223: 5186: 5153: 5118: 5111: 5070: 5069:World premieres 5056: 4974: 4969: 4935: 4926: 4920: 4912: 4903: 4894: 4816: 4803:Toscanini Lives 4799:Teachout, Terry 4779:Taubman, Howard 4705:Matthews, Denis 4620:(photographs), 4610: 4608:Further reading 4605: 4604: 4595:Norman Lebrecht 4577: 4573: 4563: 4541: 4537: 4530: 4514: 4510: 4500: 4498: 4490: 4489: 4485: 4480: 4476: 4466: 4464: 4456: 4455: 4451: 4441: 4439: 4431: 4430: 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3542: 3531: 3527: 3517: 3515: 3506: 3499: 3489: 3487: 3479: 3478: 3474: 3465: 3463: 3457: 3456: 3452: 3442: 3440: 3436:The Double reed 3433: 3432: 3428: 3421: 3407: 3403: 3394: 3390: 3381: 3377: 3372: 3365: 3354: 3350: 3346:online archive) 3335: 3331: 3319: 3315: 3296: 3292: 3283: 3279: 3274: 3270: 3255: 3251: 3244: 3230: 3226: 3217: 3213: 3204: 3200: 3189: 3185: 3172: 3168: 3161: 3147: 3143: 3138: 3077:Richard Strauss 3072: 3060:Erich Leinsdorf 3030: 2985: 2964: 2955: 2950: 2907:George Gershwin 2887:Igor Stravinsky 2875:Richard Strauss 2860:Joseph Horowitz 2808: 2777:Young Toscanini 2686: 2678:Martin Bookspan 2598:Götterdämmerung 2561:'s overture to 2487:'s overture to 2470:Götterdämmerung 2416:live television 2412: 2351:Ein Heldenleben 2346:Richard Strauss 2320: 2304: 2302:Recording guide 2289:with the young 2267: 2163: 2033:Die Zauberflöte 1847:Johannes Brahms 1841: 1830: 1771: 1767: 1764: 1762: 1757: 1753: 1750: 1748: 1733: 1703: 1692: 1664:Richard Strauss 1648: 1582: 1577: 1571: 1569:Recorded legacy 1523: 1440:Francesco Cilea 1394:Pietro Mascagni 1356:Giacomo Puccini 1302: 1239:Götterdämmerung 1196: 1179: 1111: 1021: 957:Christmas opera 933: 795:El Salón México 776:George Gershwin 675: 643:Teatro Comunale 618: 451: 367:Leopoldo Miguez 352: 347: 317: 277: 260: 256: 245:Wanda Toscanini 231: 223: 219: 216: 197: 191: 187: 178: 169: 163: 161: 153: 150: 135: 124: 113: 107: 104: 61: 59: 49: 37: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6839: 6829: 6828: 6823: 6818: 6813: 6808: 6803: 6798: 6793: 6788: 6783: 6778: 6773: 6768: 6763: 6758: 6753: 6748: 6743: 6738: 6723: 6722: 6710: 6698: 6675: 6674: 6672: 6671: 6664: 6659: 6652: 6645: 6638: 6631: 6629:Alain Lanceron 6626: 6619: 6612: 6609:C. Robert Fine 6605: 6598: 6595:Bernard Coutaz 6591: 6588:Emile Berliner 6583: 6581: 6575: 6574: 6572: 6571: 6564: 6561:Takács Quartet 6557: 6550: 6543: 6536: 6528: 6526: 6522: 6521: 6519: 6518: 6511: 6508:Andrés Segovia 6504: 6497: 6490: 6483: 6480:Itzhak Perlman 6476: 6473:Emmanuel Pahud 6469: 6466:David Oistrakh 6462: 6455: 6448: 6445:Yehudi Menuhin 6441: 6438:Albrecht Mayer 6434: 6427: 6420: 6413: 6410:Fritz Kreisler 6406: 6399: 6396:Heinz Holliger 6392: 6389:Jascha Heifetz 6385: 6378: 6371: 6364: 6357: 6350: 6343: 6336: 6328: 6326: 6320: 6319: 6317: 6316: 6313:Mitsuko Uchida 6309: 6302: 6299:Artur Schnabel 6295: 6288: 6281: 6274: 6267: 6260: 6257:Murray Perahia 6253: 6246: 6239: 6232: 6225: 6218: 6211: 6208:Wilhelm Kempff 6204: 6197: 6190: 6183: 6171: 6164: 6157: 6150: 6147:Alfred Brendel 6143: 6136: 6129: 6122: 6114: 6112: 6108: 6107: 6105: 6104: 6097: 6090: 6087:Kiri Te Kanawa 6083: 6080:Renata Tebaldi 6076: 6069: 6062: 6059:Leontyne Price 6055: 6048: 6041: 6034: 6031:Birgit Nilsson 6027: 6020: 6013: 6006: 6003:Jonas Kaufmann 5999: 5992: 5985: 5978: 5971: 5968:Thomas Hampson 5964: 5957: 5950: 5943: 5936: 5929: 5922: 5915: 5908: 5905:Joyce DiDonato 5901: 5894: 5887: 5880: 5873: 5866: 5863:Jussi Björling 5859: 5852: 5845: 5838: 5830: 5828: 5824: 5823: 5821: 5820: 5813: 5801: 5794: 5787: 5780: 5768: 5761: 5749: 5746:Trevor Pinnock 5742: 5735: 5732:Eugene Ormandy 5728: 5721: 5714: 5707: 5700: 5693: 5686: 5683:Rafael Kubelík 5679: 5676:Otto Klemperer 5672: 5664:Carlos Kleiber 5660: 5653: 5650:Mariss Jansons 5646: 5639: 5632: 5620: 5613: 5606: 5599: 5592: 5585: 5578: 5571: 5564: 5552: 5545: 5538: 5531: 5523:Thomas Beecham 5519: 5512: 5505: 5502:Claudio Abbado 5497: 5495: 5491: 5490: 5483: 5482: 5475: 5468: 5460: 5451: 5450: 5443: 5441: 5439: 5438: 5432: 5426: 5420: 5414: 5408: 5402: 5396: 5390: 5384: 5378: 5372: 5366: 5360: 5354: 5348: 5342: 5339:Josef Stránský 5336: 5330: 5327:Vasily Safonov 5324: 5318: 5312: 5306: 5300: 5294: 5288: 5282: 5276: 5269: 5266: 5265: 5257: 5256: 5249: 5242: 5234: 5225: 5224: 5222: 5221: 5219:Guido Cantelli 5216: 5208: 5200: 5194: 5192: 5188: 5187: 5185: 5184: 5178: 5172: 5165: 5163: 5159: 5158: 5155: 5154: 5152: 5151: 5150: 5149: 5147:Symphony No. 7 5139: 5138: 5137: 5135:Symphony No. 2 5132: 5121: 5119: 5116: 5113: 5112: 5110: 5109: 5108: 5107: 5095: 5094: 5093: 5086: 5073: 5071: 5068: 5062: 5058: 5057: 5055: 5054: 5053: 5052: 5040: 5039: 5038: 5031: 5024: 5012: 5011: 5010: 4998: 4997: 4996: 4995:(as a cellist) 4982: 4980: 4976: 4975: 4968: 4967: 4960: 4953: 4945: 4937: 4936: 4931: 4928: 4921: 4919:Tullio Serafin 4918: 4914: 4913: 4910:Tullio Serafin 4908: 4905: 4895: 4890: 4886: 4885: 4879: 4878: 4868: 4855: 4849: 4840: 4835: 4826: 4815: 4814:External links 4812: 4811: 4810: 4796: 4775: 4765: 4760:Harvey Sachs, 4758: 4751: 4746:Harvey Sachs, 4744: 4734: 4727: 4720: 4702: 4699: 4696: 4687: 4665: 4650: 4632: 4625: 4609: 4606: 4603: 4602: 4587:Howard Taubman 4571: 4561: 4535: 4528: 4508: 4483: 4474: 4449: 4424: 4399: 4384: 4371:Your Classical 4358: 4339: 4314: 4288: 4276: 4250: 4224: 4198: 4169: 4152: 4129: 4103: 4078: 4056: 4051:Harvey Sachs, 4044: 4032: 4022:, Testament UK 4009: 4003:Harvey Sachs, 3996: 3987: 3964: 3951: 3942: 3921:10.2307/955185 3895: 3864: 3830: 3813: 3800: 3781:(3): 126–132. 3758: 3732: 3706: 3693: 3680: 3654: 3629: 3620: 3601: 3599:, June 8, 1944 3588: 3562: 3552: 3525: 3497: 3472: 3450: 3426: 3419: 3401: 3388: 3375: 3363: 3348: 3329: 3313: 3290: 3277: 3268: 3249: 3242: 3224: 3211: 3198: 3183: 3166: 3159: 3140: 3139: 3137: 3134: 3133: 3132: 3129:Eleanor Powell 3117: 3110: 3086: 3083: 3080: 3071: 3068: 3052:Eugene Ormandy 3044:New York Times 3029: 3024: 2984: 2981: 2961:Howard Taubman 2953: 2898:Feu d'artifice 2879:Claude Debussy 2871:Virgil Thomson 2807: 2804: 2721:Internationale 2698:, directed by 2685: 2682: 2644:Symphony No. 5 2569:Symphony No. 1 2490:Der Freischutz 2481:Eugene Ormandy 2432:Ninth Symphony 2428:Richard Tucker 2411: 2408: 2385:Missa Solemnis 2364:Missa Solemnis 2338:German Requiem 2319: 2316: 2303: 2300: 2291:Renata Tebaldi 2266: 2263: 2262: 2261: 2249: 2228:, scenes from 2223: 2217: 2214:Symphony No. 1 2207: 2201: 2198:Franz Schubert 2195: 2189: 2177: 2162: 2159: 2158: 2157: 2141: 2132: 2115: 2102: 2093: 2081: 2067: 2064:Symphony No. 9 2057: 2041: 2025: 2013: 2006: 1996: 1989: 1979: 1967: 1953: 1950:Symphony No. 4 1946: 1943: 1940:Symphony No. 2 1936: 1933:Symphony No. 1 1926: 1914: 1911:Missa Solemnis 1907: 1904:Symphony No. 9 1900: 1893:Symphony No. 7 1889: 1886:Symphony No. 6 1882: 1879:Symphony No. 3 1862: 1861: 1858:on archive.org 1837: 1836: 1835:External audio 1829: 1826: 1822:Pristine Audio 1798:Guido Cantelli 1777:Missa Solemnis 1732: 1729: 1725:Eugene Ormandy 1702: 1699: 1691: 1688: 1647: 1644: 1581: 1578: 1573:Main article: 1570: 1567: 1566: 1565: 1555: 1552:Giuseppe Verdi 1544: 1522: 1519: 1518: 1517: 1509: 1503: 1495: 1489: 1483: 1469: 1462:Debora e Jaele 1459: 1449: 1443: 1433: 1423: 1417: 1407: 1404:Lorenzo Perosi 1397: 1387: 1381: 1375: 1369: 1359: 1349: 1343: 1337: 1331: 1330:, May 21, 1892 1317: 1301: 1298: 1284:Symphony No. 7 1195: 1192: 1178: 1175: 1110: 1107: 1020: 1017: 919:First Symphony 893:Symphony No. 7 843:Internationale 804:with soloists 707:NBC Studio 8-H 674: 671: 655:Costanzo Ciano 617: 614: 450: 447: 377:Rio de Janeiro 351: 348: 346: 343: 327:eidetic memory 248: 247: 237: 233: 232: 221: 217: 214: 213: 211: 207: 206: 203: 199: 198: 192: 190:(aged 89) 184: 180: 179: 170: 168:March 25, 1867 159: 155: 154: 145: 137: 136: 133: 126: 125: 108:September 2023 40: 38: 31: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6838: 6827: 6824: 6822: 6819: 6817: 6814: 6812: 6809: 6807: 6804: 6802: 6799: 6797: 6794: 6792: 6789: 6787: 6784: 6782: 6779: 6777: 6774: 6772: 6769: 6767: 6764: 6762: 6759: 6757: 6754: 6752: 6749: 6747: 6744: 6742: 6739: 6737: 6734: 6733: 6731: 6721: 6711: 6709: 6704: 6699: 6697: 6687: 6686: 6683: 6669: 6665: 6660: 6657: 6653: 6650: 6646: 6643: 6639: 6636: 6632: 6627: 6624: 6623:Klaus Heymann 6620: 6617: 6616:Fred Gaisberg 6613: 6610: 6606: 6603: 6599: 6596: 6592: 6589: 6585: 6584: 6582: 6576: 6569: 6565: 6562: 6558: 6555: 6551: 6548: 6544: 6541: 6537: 6534: 6530: 6529: 6527: 6523: 6516: 6515:John Williams 6512: 6509: 6505: 6502: 6498: 6495: 6491: 6488: 6484: 6481: 6477: 6474: 6470: 6467: 6463: 6460: 6456: 6453: 6449: 6446: 6442: 6439: 6435: 6432: 6428: 6425: 6421: 6418: 6414: 6411: 6407: 6404: 6400: 6397: 6393: 6390: 6386: 6383: 6379: 6376: 6372: 6369: 6365: 6362: 6358: 6355: 6351: 6348: 6344: 6341: 6337: 6334: 6333:Maurice André 6330: 6329: 6327: 6323:String/brass/ 6321: 6314: 6310: 6307: 6303: 6300: 6296: 6293: 6292:András Schiff 6289: 6286: 6282: 6279: 6275: 6272: 6268: 6265: 6261: 6258: 6254: 6251: 6247: 6244: 6240: 6237: 6233: 6230: 6226: 6223: 6219: 6216: 6215:Evgeny Kissin 6212: 6209: 6205: 6202: 6201:Stephen Hough 6198: 6195: 6191: 6188: 6187:Angela Hewitt 6184: 6180: 6176: 6172: 6169: 6165: 6162: 6158: 6155: 6151: 6148: 6144: 6141: 6137: 6134: 6133:Claudio Arrau 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5618: 5614: 5611: 5607: 5604: 5600: 5597: 5593: 5590: 5586: 5583: 5579: 5576: 5572: 5569: 5565: 5561: 5557: 5553: 5550: 5549:Pierre Boulez 5546: 5543: 5539: 5536: 5532: 5528: 5524: 5520: 5517: 5513: 5510: 5506: 5503: 5499: 5498: 5496: 5492: 5488: 5481: 5476: 5474: 5469: 5467: 5462: 5461: 5458: 5447: 5436: 5433: 5430: 5427: 5424: 5421: 5418: 5415: 5412: 5409: 5406: 5403: 5400: 5399:Pierre Boulez 5397: 5394: 5391: 5388: 5385: 5382: 5379: 5376: 5373: 5370: 5367: 5364: 5361: 5358: 5355: 5352: 5349: 5346: 5343: 5340: 5337: 5334: 5333:Gustav Mahler 5331: 5328: 5325: 5322: 5319: 5316: 5313: 5310: 5307: 5304: 5301: 5298: 5295: 5292: 5289: 5286: 5285:Carl Bergmann 5283: 5280: 5277: 5274: 5271: 5270: 5267: 5262: 5255: 5250: 5248: 5243: 5241: 5236: 5235: 5232: 5220: 5217: 5214: 5213: 5209: 5206: 5205: 5201: 5199: 5196: 5195: 5193: 5189: 5182: 5179: 5176: 5173: 5170: 5167: 5166: 5164: 5160: 5148: 5145: 5144: 5143: 5140: 5136: 5133: 5131: 5128: 5127: 5126: 5123: 5122: 5120: 5114: 5106: 5105: 5101: 5100: 5099: 5096: 5092: 5091: 5087: 5085: 5084: 5080: 5079: 5078: 5075: 5074: 5072: 5066: 5063: 5059: 5051: 5050: 5046: 5045: 5044: 5041: 5037: 5036: 5032: 5030: 5029: 5025: 5023: 5022: 5018: 5017: 5016: 5013: 5009: 5008: 5004: 5003: 5002: 4999: 4994: 4993: 4989: 4988: 4987: 4984: 4983: 4981: 4977: 4973: 4966: 4961: 4959: 4954: 4952: 4947: 4946: 4943: 4934: 4925: 4915: 4911: 4902: 4901: 4893: 4892:Franco Faccio 4887: 4882: 4876: 4872: 4869: 4867: 4863: 4859: 4856: 4854: 4850: 4848: 4844: 4841: 4839: 4836: 4834: 4830: 4827: 4825: 4821: 4818: 4817: 4808: 4804: 4800: 4797: 4794: 4788: 4784: 4780: 4776: 4773: 4769: 4766: 4763: 4759: 4756: 4752: 4749: 4745: 4742: 4738: 4737:Sachs, Harvey 4735: 4732: 4728: 4725: 4721: 4718: 4717:0-88254-657-0 4714: 4710: 4706: 4703: 4700: 4697: 4694: 4693: 4692:High Fidelity 4688: 4685: 4681: 4680:0-689-10655-6 4677: 4673: 4669: 4666: 4663: 4660:and Frank in 4659: 4655: 4651: 4648: 4644: 4640: 4636: 4635:Haggin, B. H. 4633: 4630: 4626: 4623: 4619: 4618:Hupka, Robert 4616:(author) and 4615: 4614:Antek, Samuel 4612: 4611: 4600: 4596: 4592: 4588: 4584: 4580: 4575: 4568: 4564: 4558: 4554: 4549: 4548: 4539: 4531: 4525: 4521: 4520: 4512: 4497: 4493: 4487: 4478: 4463: 4459: 4453: 4438: 4434: 4428: 4413: 4409: 4403: 4396: 4391: 4389: 4372: 4368: 4362: 4355: 4351: 4348: 4343: 4328: 4324: 4318: 4303: 4299: 4292: 4285: 4284:Scott catalog 4280: 4264: 4260: 4254: 4238: 4234: 4228: 4212: 4208: 4202: 4194: 4190: 4189: 4184: 4182: 4173: 4167: 4163: 4162: 4156: 4142: 4141: 4133: 4117: 4113: 4107: 4091: 4085: 4083: 4066: 4060: 4054: 4048: 4041: 4036: 4021: 4020: 4013: 4007:, pp. 302–303 4006: 4000: 3991: 3976: 3975: 3968: 3961: 3955: 3946: 3938: 3934: 3930: 3926: 3922: 3918: 3914: 3910: 3906: 3899: 3883: 3879: 3875: 3868: 3852: 3848: 3844: 3840: 3834: 3827: 3823: 3817: 3810: 3804: 3796: 3792: 3788: 3784: 3780: 3776: 3772: 3768: 3762: 3746: 3742: 3736: 3720: 3716: 3710: 3703: 3697: 3690: 3684: 3669: 3665: 3658: 3651: 3647: 3643: 3638: 3633: 3624: 3617: 3613: 3610: 3605: 3598: 3592: 3577: 3573: 3572:"S.S. Brazil" 3566: 3556: 3539: 3538: 3529: 3513: 3512: 3504: 3502: 3486: 3482: 3476: 3462: 3461: 3454: 3438: 3437: 3430: 3422: 3420:1-84212-123-5 3416: 3412: 3405: 3398: 3392: 3385: 3379: 3373:Plaskin, 195. 3370: 3368: 3359: 3352: 3345: 3341: 3340: 3333: 3326: 3322: 3317: 3309: 3305: 3301: 3294: 3287: 3281: 3272: 3265: 3261: 3260: 3253: 3245: 3243:0-8014-9430-3 3239: 3235: 3228: 3221: 3215: 3208: 3202: 3194: 3187: 3181: 3180: 3175: 3170: 3162: 3160:0-306-80137-X 3156: 3152: 3145: 3141: 3130: 3126: 3122: 3118: 3115: 3111: 3109: 3105: 3101: 3097: 3093: 3092: 3087: 3084: 3081: 3078: 3074: 3073: 3067: 3065: 3064:Milton Katims 3061: 3057: 3053: 3049: 3046:music critic 3045: 3041: 3037: 3036: 3028: 3023: 3021: 3017: 3012: 3009: 3006:In 1986, the 3004: 3002: 2998: 2994: 2990: 2980: 2978: 2973: 2971: 2962: 2958: 2952: 2945: 2943: 2938: 2935: 2931: 2926: 2924: 2920: 2919: 2914: 2913: 2908: 2904: 2900: 2899: 2894: 2893: 2888: 2884: 2883:Zoltán Kodály 2880: 2876: 2872: 2867: 2865: 2861: 2857: 2853: 2849: 2844: 2835: 2831: 2829: 2828:Aaron Copland 2824: 2823:Peter Gutmann 2820: 2816: 2815: 2803: 2801: 2797: 2793: 2791: 2787: 2783: 2779: 2778: 2773: 2768: 2766: 2761: 2760: 2755: 2753: 2749: 2748:Academy Award 2745: 2741: 2736: 2734: 2730: 2726: 2722: 2718: 2717: 2713: 2709: 2705: 2701: 2697: 2696: 2691: 2681: 2679: 2675: 2670: 2669:high fidelity 2666: 2661: 2657: 2655: 2654: 2653:Pines of Rome 2649: 2645: 2641: 2640: 2635: 2631: 2630: 2625: 2621: 2620: 2615: 2611: 2607: 2602: 2600: 2599: 2594: 2593: 2588: 2587: 2582: 2581: 2576: 2575: 2570: 2566: 2565: 2560: 2556: 2555:Carnegie Hall 2551: 2549: 2544: 2543: 2537: 2535: 2531: 2527: 2523: 2519: 2515: 2511: 2507: 2503: 2498: 2496: 2492: 2491: 2486: 2482: 2478: 2477: 2472: 2471: 2466: 2465: 2460: 2459: 2454: 2453: 2448: 2443: 2441: 2437: 2433: 2429: 2425: 2421: 2417: 2407: 2405: 2404: 2399: 2393: 2389: 2387: 2386: 2381: 2377: 2376:Rudolf Serkin 2373: 2368: 2365: 2361: 2357: 2353: 2352: 2347: 2343: 2339: 2335: 2330: 2327: 2326: 2315: 2313: 2309: 2299: 2296: 2292: 2288: 2284: 2276: 2271: 2259: 2258: 2257:Khovanshchina 2254:, Prelude to 2253: 2250: 2247: 2243: 2239: 2238: 2233: 2232: 2227: 2224: 2221: 2218: 2215: 2211: 2208: 2205: 2202: 2199: 2196: 2193: 2190: 2187: 2186: 2182:, Suite from 2181: 2178: 2175: 2171: 2168: 2167: 2166: 2155: 2151: 2150: 2145: 2142: 2139: 2138: 2133: 2130: 2126: 2122: 2121: 2116: 2113: 2109: 2108: 2103: 2100: 2099: 2094: 2091: 2090: 2085: 2082: 2079: 2075: 2071: 2068: 2065: 2061: 2058: 2055: 2054:Maurice Ravel 2051: 2050: 2045: 2042: 2040:; poor sound) 2039: 2035: 2034: 2029: 2026: 2023: 2022: 2017: 2014: 2011: 2008:Mendelssohn, 2007: 2004: 2000: 1997: 1994: 1990: 1987: 1983: 1980: 1977: 1976: 1971: 1968: 1965: 1961: 1957: 1954: 1951: 1947: 1944: 1941: 1937: 1934: 1930: 1927: 1924: 1923: 1918: 1915: 1912: 1908: 1905: 1901: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1887: 1883: 1880: 1876: 1873: 1872: 1871: 1869: 1860: 1859: 1855: 1851: 1848: 1838: 1833: 1825: 1823: 1819: 1814: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1799: 1794: 1790: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1745: 1743: 1738: 1737:magnetic tape 1728: 1726: 1721: 1720:surface noise 1717: 1713: 1709: 1698: 1696: 1687: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1643: 1640: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1624: 1620: 1615: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1594:Carnegie Hall 1591: 1587: 1576: 1563: 1559: 1558:Western Suite 1556: 1553: 1549: 1545: 1542: 1538: 1537:Samuel Barber 1534: 1530: 1529: 1525: 1524: 1515: 1514: 1510: 1507: 1504: 1501: 1500: 1496: 1493: 1490: 1487: 1484: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1470: 1467: 1463: 1460: 1457: 1453: 1450: 1447: 1444: 1441: 1437: 1434: 1431: 1427: 1424: 1421: 1418: 1415: 1411: 1408: 1405: 1401: 1398: 1395: 1391: 1388: 1385: 1382: 1379: 1376: 1373: 1370: 1367: 1363: 1362:Forza d'Amore 1360: 1357: 1353: 1350: 1347: 1344: 1341: 1338: 1335: 1332: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1318: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1304: 1303: 1297: 1296: 1294: 1289: 1288:Samuel Barber 1285: 1281: 1277: 1276: 1275:Boris Godunov 1271: 1270: 1265: 1264: 1259: 1258: 1253: 1252: 1247: 1246: 1241: 1240: 1235: 1234: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1220: 1215: 1214: 1209: 1208: 1203: 1202: 1191: 1188: 1185: 1174: 1172: 1167: 1165: 1160: 1158: 1157: 1151: 1147: 1143: 1138: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1115: 1109:Personal life 1106: 1104: 1099: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1076: 1074: 1073: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1059: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1038: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1016: 1013: 1009: 1008: 1003: 1002: 997: 996: 991: 990: 985: 984: 979: 978: 973: 972: 966: 964: 963: 958: 954: 950: 946: 942: 927: 923: 920: 916: 915: 914:cause célèbre 908: 906: 900: 898: 894: 890: 886: 881: 878: 873: 872: 867: 863: 858: 856: 855:Howard Hanson 852: 848: 847:Abram Chasins 844: 841: 837: 836: 831: 830: 825: 821: 818:with pianist 817: 816: 811: 810:Benny Goodman 807: 803: 802: 798:; Gershwin's 797: 796: 791: 787: 783: 782: 777: 773: 769: 768: 763: 762: 757: 756:Samuel Barber 752: 750: 746: 742: 736: 734: 730: 726: 725: 720: 719:Carnegie Hall 716: 712: 708: 704: 700: 696: 692: 688: 687:David Sarnoff 679: 670: 668: 664: 660: 656: 652: 648: 644: 640: 635: 633: 632: 627: 626:March on Rome 623: 613: 611: 607: 603: 599: 595: 591: 590:Enrico Caruso 586: 584: 580: 576: 572: 568: 564: 560: 556: 552: 548: 544: 539: 537: 532: 528: 524: 523: 516: 512: 503: 499: 497: 493: 489: 485: 481: 477: 473: 472: 467: 463: 462: 457: 446: 444: 443: 438: 434: 430: 429: 424: 420: 419: 414: 410: 406: 402: 398: 389: 385: 381: 378: 374: 373: 368: 363: 361: 357: 342: 340: 336: 332: 328: 323: 313: 254: 246: 242: 239:3; including 238: 234: 212: 208: 204: 200: 195: 185: 181: 177: 173: 160: 156: 143: 138: 131: 122: 119: 111: 100: 97: 93: 90: 86: 83: 79: 76: 72: 69: – 68: 64: 63:Find sources: 57: 53: 47: 46: 41:This article 39: 35: 30: 29: 26: 22: 6656:Richard Mohr 6642:Edward Lewis 6635:Walter Legge 6602:John Culshaw 6501:Jordi Savall 6417:Gidon Kremer 6375:James Galway 6354:Pablo Casals 6347:Julian Bream 6340:Dennis Brain 6236:Dinu Lipatti 6111:Keyboardists 5877:Maria Callas 5835:Thomas Allen 5817:Bruno Walter 5804: 5791:George Szell 5765:Fritz Reiner 5753:Simon Rattle 5690:James Levine 5556:Adrian Boult 5423:Alan Gilbert 5417:Lorin Maazel 5393:George Szell 5369:Bruno Walter 5350: 5210: 5203: 5183:(son-in-law) 5142:Shostakovich 5117:US premieres 5104:Feste romane 5102: 5088: 5081: 5047: 5033: 5026: 5019: 5005: 4990: 4971: 4923: 4897: 4806: 4802: 4792: 4785:. New York: 4782: 4771: 4761: 4754: 4747: 4740: 4730: 4723: 4708: 4690: 4683: 4671: 4661: 4657: 4653: 4646: 4642: 4638: 4628: 4621: 4598: 4590: 4582: 4579:Mosco Carner 4574: 4566: 4546: 4538: 4518: 4511: 4499:. Retrieved 4495: 4486: 4477: 4465:. Retrieved 4461: 4452: 4440:. Retrieved 4436: 4427: 4415:. Retrieved 4411: 4402: 4395:Taubman 1951 4377:November 24, 4375:. Retrieved 4370: 4361: 4342: 4330:. Retrieved 4326: 4317: 4305:. Retrieved 4301: 4291: 4279: 4267:. Retrieved 4263:the original 4253: 4241:. Retrieved 4237:the original 4227: 4215:. Retrieved 4211:the original 4201: 4193:the original 4186: 4180: 4172: 4160: 4155: 4144:, retrieved 4139: 4132: 4120:. Retrieved 4116:the original 4106: 4094:. Retrieved 4069:. Retrieved 4059: 4052: 4047: 4039: 4035: 4024:, retrieved 4018: 4012: 4004: 3999: 3990: 3979:, retrieved 3973: 3967: 3959: 3954: 3945: 3912: 3908: 3898: 3886:. Retrieved 3882:the original 3877: 3867: 3855:. Retrieved 3851:the original 3846: 3833: 3825: 3816: 3808: 3803: 3778: 3774: 3770: 3761: 3749:. Retrieved 3745:the original 3735: 3723:. Retrieved 3718: 3709: 3701: 3696: 3688: 3683: 3671:. Retrieved 3667: 3657: 3645: 3632: 3623: 3604: 3596: 3591: 3579:. Retrieved 3575: 3565: 3555: 3543:. Retrieved 3536: 3528: 3516:. Retrieved 3510: 3488:. Retrieved 3484: 3475: 3464:, retrieved 3459: 3453: 3441:. Retrieved 3435: 3429: 3410: 3404: 3396: 3391: 3383: 3378: 3357: 3351: 3343: 3337: 3332: 3320: 3316: 3308:the original 3303: 3293: 3285: 3280: 3271: 3263: 3257: 3252: 3233: 3227: 3219: 3214: 3206: 3201: 3192: 3186: 3178: 3173: 3169: 3150: 3144: 3131:'s dancing." 3125:Grand Canyon 3113: 3089: 3056:George Szell 3043: 3039: 3033: 3031: 3026: 3020:Rose Bampton 3013: 3005: 2988: 2986: 2974: 2969: 2966: 2956: 2947: 2939: 2927: 2916: 2910: 2896: 2890: 2868: 2863: 2855: 2852:B. H. Haggin 2848:Harvey Sachs 2840: 2812: 2809: 2794: 2780:), starring 2775: 2771: 2769: 2764: 2757: 2756: 2743: 2739: 2737: 2714: 2710:and Verdi's 2707: 2693: 2687: 2662: 2658: 2651: 2639:William Tell 2637: 2627: 2617: 2609: 2603: 2596: 2590: 2584: 2578: 2572: 2567:and Brahms' 2562: 2552: 2540: 2538: 2533: 2529: 2513: 2509: 2499: 2495:Rachmaninoff 2488: 2474: 2468: 2462: 2456: 2450: 2444: 2419: 2413: 2401: 2394: 2390: 2383: 2369: 2363: 2349: 2337: 2331: 2323: 2321: 2311: 2307: 2305: 2286: 2279: 2255: 2235: 2229: 2183: 2173: 2172:Overture to 2164: 2147: 2135: 2118: 2105: 2096: 2087: 2047: 2031: 2019: 1992: 1973: 1964:Walter Legge 1920: 1868:NBC Symphony 1865: 1857: 1817: 1815: 1810: 1806: 1792: 1788: 1780: 1776: 1746: 1734: 1704: 1693: 1649: 1639:EMI Classics 1635:RCA Red Seal 1623:compact disc 1583: 1557: 1546:Overture to 1532: 1526: 1511: 1505: 1497: 1491: 1485: 1476:Arrigo Boito 1471: 1461: 1451: 1445: 1435: 1425: 1419: 1409: 1399: 1389: 1383: 1377: 1371: 1361: 1351: 1345: 1339: 1333: 1319: 1305: 1291: 1273: 1267: 1261: 1255: 1249: 1243: 1237: 1231: 1227: 1217: 1211: 1205: 1199: 1197: 1189: 1184:Harvey Sachs 1180: 1168: 1161: 1154: 1139: 1131:Buenos Aires 1120: 1100: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1077: 1070: 1067:Leyla Gencer 1062: 1056: 1042: 1026: 1022: 1011: 1005: 999: 993: 987: 981: 975: 969: 967: 960: 944: 940: 938: 918: 912: 909: 901: 882: 870: 859: 833: 827: 820:Oscar Levant 813: 799: 793: 779: 765: 759: 753: 744: 737: 732: 722: 684: 667:surveillance 663:phone tapped 650: 642: 636: 629: 619: 587: 540: 526: 521: 508: 469: 459: 452: 440: 436: 433:Arrigo Boito 426: 416: 408: 394: 382: 370: 364: 353: 252: 251: 188:(1957-01-16) 151: 1930s 114: 105: 95: 88: 81: 74: 62: 50:Please help 45:verification 42: 25: 6741:1957 deaths 6736:1867 births 6161:Glenn Gould 6154:Emil Gilels 6094:Bryn Terfel 6017:Emma Kirkby 5982:Hans Hotter 5849:Janet Baker 5772:Georg Solti 5711:Zubin Mehta 5589:Colin Davis 5405:Zubin Mehta 5309:Anton Seidl 5207:(1944 film) 5001:Leoncavallo 4843:NPR special 4096:November 1, 4071:November 1, 3888:October 21, 3857:October 21, 3751:November 7, 2970:La Traviata 2862:(author of 2843:revisionist 2580:Die Walküre 2476:Die Walküre 2424:Herva Nelli 2360:Mendelssohn 2231:Mefistofele 2192:Mendelssohn 2070:Tchaikovsky 1999:Mendelssohn 1909:Beethoven, 1902:Beethoven, 1891:Beethoven, 1884:Beethoven, 1646:Specialties 1633:. In 2012, 1506:Fra Gherado 1390:Le Maschere 1177:Innovations 1080:Herva Nelli 1047:section of 983:La Traviata 934: 1950 929:Toscanini, 866:ocean liner 786:Ferde Grofé 729:Zubin Mehta 659:Blackshirts 484:Tchaikovsky 466:Leoncavallo 350:Early years 146:Toscanini, 6730:Categories 5961:Tito Gobbi 5494:Conductors 5411:Kurt Masur 5177:(daughter) 5125:Kabalevsky 4927:1921–1929 4904:1898–1908 4807:Commentary 4770:, editor. 4347:Klassi.net 3719:Desert Sun 3673:October 9, 3136:References 3070:Quotations 2959:(1951) by 2942:metronomic 2937:believed. 2930:Studio 8-H 2921:, and the 2729:Jan Peerce 2674:Ben Grauer 2665:laser disc 2610:Rédemption 2534:Tannhäuser 2458:Tannhäuser 2440:kinescopes 2410:Television 2252:Mussorgsky 2180:Stravinsky 2044:Mussorgsky 1598:RCA Victor 1372:La Camargo 1346:Emma Liona 1127:diphtheria 1019:Last years 778:' and the 741:RCA Victor 651:Giovinezza 631:Giovinezza 598:Ezio Pinza 571:Hans Lange 567:Alexandria 442:allargando 202:Occupation 196:, New York 164:1867-03-25 78:newspapers 6720:Biography 6662:Ted Perry 6525:Ensembles 6243:Radu Lupu 6229:Lang Lang 5542:Karl Böhm 5315:Emil Paur 5021:La bohème 5007:Pagliacci 4793:Toscanini 4741:Toscanini 4684:Toscanini 4672:Toscanini 4591:Toscanini 4501:March 17, 4467:March 17, 4442:March 17, 4417:March 17, 4332:March 17, 4307:March 17, 4269:March 17, 4243:March 17, 4217:March 17, 4146:March 17, 4122:March 17, 4053:Toscanini 4026:March 17, 4005:Toscanini 3981:March 17, 3929:0027-4666 3878:Telegraph 3847:Telegraph 3797:. 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