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Asama-Sansō incident

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542: 491:, made it a stronghold: it was a three-story wood and concrete edifice built into the side of the hill atop an exposed base of steel-reinforced concrete. The upper floor was slightly larger than the two below, giving the lodge a mushroom appearance. The lodge towered over the steep, snow-covered slopes below and its windows had heavy outer storm shutters. The building's maze-like floor plan and narrow staircases made it easy for the defenders to block off movement inside. The radicals would spend most of their time on the uppermost floor, which contained a kitchen, dining room, 1118: 1096: 518:
would surrender on their own. After three days without a surrender offer from the hostage-takers, the police shut off the electricity to the lodge and set up loudspeakers from which the parents of several of the radicals implored them to surrender, to no avail. One of the participating parent’s son had been killed in the purge incident, but both the police and the parent were unaware of this because the full extent of the purge had not yet become known.
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eye but survived. Eventually, at 6:15 p.m., 280 hours after the incident began, the remaining four radicals were taken into custody and Muta was rescued. Muta was cold but uninjured and told police that her captors had not mistreated her, although they had tied her to a bed during most of the standoff. That same evening, despondent over his son's behavior, Bandō's father hanged himself in his home in
2011: 119: 600: 2448: 359:, and including Kunio Bandō (who is still at large), carried out a series of robberies—4 banks, 3 post offices, and an elementary school—over the period February 22 to July 23, 1971 (referred to by police as "Operation M", for "money"). At the time, leftist student demonstrations were losing momentum, but other than a few journalists and security specialists, no one had heard of these groups before. 558:
time, the radicals kept up continuous gunfire on the assaulting police and threw homemade bombs at them. Two policemen, Inspector Shigemitsu Takami (42) and Superintendent Hisataka Uchida (47) were shot and killed and fifteen other policemen were injured. A civilian observer who intruded into the area without police permission was also shot, reportedly by the radicals, and fatally wounded.
411:. On 20 December, the first leadership conference of the combined groups was held at the Haruna base of the Keihin Group. The leaders knew that the police were aware of their general location, and it would be difficult to leave the mountains. Without hope of outside help or escape, in late 1971, the leaders of the two factions, Mori and Nagata, planned a "annihilation operation" 403:(the Niikura Base). Using funds from the robberies, the URA purchased weapons from the Keihin Group, and in early December 1971 the first joint military exercises were held between the two groups (29 members total). However, a faction emerged within the Keihin Group that resisted integration. On 18 December, radio news announced that 346:) on February 17, acquiring 9 shotguns, 1 rifle, 1 airgun, and 2300 rounds of ammunition. Panicked by the prompt response of the police, most raiders escaped by car but two were left behind; once arrested, they identified the culprits, resulting in Nagata, Sakaguchi, and the others being placed on the wanted list. 696:
which occurred several months later and several hijackings, contributed to an intense social backlash amongst the Japanese population against radical student leftist groups. After the hostage incident, the leftist movement in Japan greatly decreased in numbers and enjoyed much less popular support. A
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The police experienced difficulty in breaching the radicals' defenses on the top floor, and hours later had not made much headway. They directed high-pressure water hoses at the top floor, gouging out large holes in the building's walls and drenching the radicals and Muta with cold water. During this
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an hour later, which went unheeded by the radicals. At 10 a.m. the crane began to batter the lodge's walls with the wrecking ball. The police cautiously approached the building and began to break through the barricades. By noon, the police had occupied the two lower floors, isolating the radicals and
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and an armored driver's compartment was positioned near the building and police armed themselves with ladders, heavy mallets, and chainsaws. Muta's husband implored the radicals by loudspeaker to release his wife, but was ignored. On February 27, the police used a baseball pitching machine to bombard
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As darkness fell, the police breached the top floor's barricades and captured one of the Katō brothers. The remaining four radicals burrowed into a pile of futon bedding and refused to surrender. As the police approached them, Bandō shot one of the policemen, Masahiro Endō, in the eye. Endō lost his
484:. The radicals entered the lodge and discovered Yasuko Muta, the 31-year-old wife of the lodge's caretaker. She was the only person in the building, as her husband was walking the dog and the lodge's guests had gone ice skating. The radicals took Muta hostage at gunpoint and barricaded the building. 305:
pervaded Japan's universities, as similar movements did in the West. By the latter half of the decade, these movements had become very factionalized, competitive, and violent. After a series of incidents in which leftist student groups injured or killed law enforcement officials and civilians, the
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When Muta's husband returned and saw the barricades, he realized what had happened and quickly notified police. The police immediately set up roadblocks and surrounded the lodge to cut off any avenues of escape for the radicals inside. The police initially decided to wait and see if the radicals
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of the group. Nagata and Mori directed the deaths by beating of eight URA members, as well as one non-member who happened to be present. Six other members were tied to trees outside, where they froze to death in the frigid weather. On February 16, police arrested Mori, Nagata, and six other URA
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Schilling, "The final days of revolutionary struggle in Japan", Nakamura, "'We did not leave anything positive,' says ex-radical", Kyodo, "Wanted radical Kunio Bando was in Philippines in 2000: sources", Kyodo, "Court dismisses death-row inmates' translation appeals", Schreiber, pp.
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and the URA radicals took place, lasting ten days. The lodge was a natural fortress, solidly constructed of thick concrete on a steep hillside with only one entrance, which, along with their guns, enabled the hostage-takers to keep police at a distance.
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Of the three Katō brothers, the eldest died during the internal group "review process" (purge), the second (aged 19 when arrested) was sentenced to 13 years hard labor, and the youngest (16 when arrested) was sent to reform school.
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began live, continuous coverage of the siege that lasted until 8:20 p.m. that night. Ratings for NHK's coverage averaged 50.8% and peaked at 89.7% at 6:26 p.m. Vehicle traffic was noticeably lighter throughout the day in
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On February 28, the police stormed the lodge. Two police officers were killed in the assault, the hostage was rescued and the URA radicals were taken into custody. The incident contributed to a decline in popularity of
257:, which lasted from February 19 to February 28, 1972. The police rescue operation on the final day of the standoff was the first marathon live television broadcast in Japan, lasting 10 hours and 40 minutes. 1914: 2233: 2243: 1657: 689:
Muta remained in the Karuizawa, working at another lodge. She refused to speak any further about her ordeal since her initial statements to the police and press after she was rescued.
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members at either the compound or at a nearby village. Five others, armed with rifles and shotguns, managed to escape, fleeing on foot through the mountains towards the community of
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Pulvers, "Mammon and myopia: Japan's governing '70s legacy", NHK, "Asama-Sanso Incident", Nakamura, "'We did not leave anything positive,' says ex-radical", Schreiber, pp. 209–217.
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cracked down on these groups, raiding their hideouts and arresting dozens in 1971 and 1972. Attempting to conceal themselves from the police, a core group of radicals from the
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A manga version of the story (in Japanese) from the 16-year-old's point of view is told here (because he was a minor, the name is changed to Kishida Keizo) (5 min 25 secs):
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Sighting the police pursuit near Karuizawa on February 19, the five radicals took refuge in a vacation lodge called Asama Sansō (Asama Mountain Villa) owned by
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Kyodo, "Wanted radical Kunio Bando was in Philippines in 2000: sources", Kyodo, "Court dismisses death-row inmates' translation appeals", Schreiber, p. 209.
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Pulvers, "Mammon and myopia: Japan's governing '70s legacy", Nakamura, "'We did not leave anything positive,' says ex-radical", Schreiber, pp. 215–216.
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Nakamura, "'We did not leave anything positive,' says ex-radical", "Film looks at '72 Asama ultraleftists," Schreiber, pp. 198–201.
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The wrecking balls used by police to breach the lodge during the incident, now displayed in the area with a commemorative plaque
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The police launched a nationwide manhunt, making it impossible for perpetrators to hide, even in distant cities such as
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Jitsuroku rengô sekigun: Asama sansô e no michi (United Red Army – The Path to Asama Mountain Lodge)
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that left fourteen members of the group plus one bystander dead, broke into a holiday lodge below
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rejected an appeal from Sakaguchi for a retrial, leaving him on death row awaiting execution.
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The police moved into position for the assault at 8 a.m. on February 28 and issued a final
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Nakamura, "'We did not leave anything positive,' says ex-radical", Schreiber, p. 207.
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It was at the Gunma compound, on the second week of February 1972, that URA chairman
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On August 8, 1975, the Japanese government released Bandō and flew him to asylum in
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Japan Revolutionary Communist League, National Committee (Central Core Faction)
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Relations between Japanese revolutionaries, the Comintern and the Soviet Union
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bedding around the doors and windows and secured them in place with wire.
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Kyodo", Wanted radical Kunio Bando was in Philippines in 2000: sources",
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Japan Revolutionary Communist League (Revolutionary Marxist Faction)
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Japan Revolutionary Communist League (Revolutionary Marxist Faction)
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the building with rocks to keep the hostage-takers awake all night.
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Bombing of the Fusetsu no Gunzo and Institute of Northern Cultures
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Review (United Red Army)—process of criticism and self-criticism
1182:"Wanted radical Kunio Bando was in Philippines in 2000: sources" 375:; both groups decided to converge in the mountainous area of NW 1701: 675: 662:. Bandō later is believed to have assisted in the hijacking of 608: 599: 492: 995:, "Death-row convict wins libel case", Schreiber, pp. 209–217. 932:, "Death-row convict wins libel case", Schreiber, pp. 209–217. 427:
which required an ideological review process of criticism and
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The Asama-Sansō lodge surrounded by police during the incident
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won the Japanese Eyes Best Picture award at the October 2007
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Inbanuma Incident (attempted escape by members "A" and "B")
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Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War
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members who had stormed the U.S. and Swedish embassies in
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independently carried out violent acts in early 1971. The
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Totsunyûseyo! Asama sansô jiken (The Choice of Hercules)
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At 9:40 a.m. on February 28, public broadcaster
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Draft Constitution of the People's Republic of Japan
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The Keihin Group went to the mountainous area of 2288:Revolutionary Communist League, National Committee 1262:"Mammon and myopia: Japan's governing '70s legacy" 1041:Nakamura, "Film looks at '72 Asama ultraleftists". 607:The five radicals were charged on six counts: two 260:The incident began when five armed members of the 1340:"Operation M" (along with P/Pegasus and B/Bronco) 2498: 2344:Japan Socialist Youth League, Liberation Faction 1612:Beheiren (Citizen's League for Peace in Vietnam) 1579:Japan Socialist Youth League, Liberation Faction 332:Keihin Anti-Security Treaty Joint Struggle Group 487:The structure of the lodge, named after nearby 420: 230: 964: 414: 224: 1878: 1383: 946:Top court rejects United Army member's appeal 670:to Tokyo in 1977, forcing the jet to land in 16:1972 hostage crisis and police siege in Japan 2567:Attacks on buildings and structures in Japan 729: 338:and Hiroshi Sakaguchi, raided a gun shop in 2572:Attacks on buildings and structures in 1972 1135: 529:of the Nagano PPH, with the support of the 2234:Japan Communist League (Unified Committee) 1885: 1871: 1390: 1376: 1176: 1154: 1116: 1094: 884:"Cup Noodles slurping strong, 45 years on" 326:The two groups that later merged into the 321: 29: 2273:Japanese Communist Party (Action Faction) 1280: 1058: 2339:Japan Communist Party (Marxist–Leninist) 1468:1974 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries bombing 1217: 1198: 967:"【実話】あさま山荘事件…内部ではリンチ殺人が横行。警察が鉄球でアジトを破壊。" 907: 751:The Truth about the Asama Sanso Incident 735:「連合赤軍(統一組)第一審判決」(『判例時報』1052号 判例時報社 1981年 621:Firearm and Sword Possession Control Law 598: 540: 513:at the police perimeter during the siege 501: 2278:Japanese Communist Party (Left Faction) 1991:1974 French Embassy attack in The Hague 1473:1974 French Embassy attack in The Hague 1259: 1201:"Film looks at '72 Asama ultraleftists" 482:Kawai Musical Instruments Manufacturing 2499: 1971:1968–1969 Japanese university protests 1892: 1423:1968–1969 Japanese university protests 1358:Sangaku Base Incident (internal purge) 468:; 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2062: 2057: 2055:Kyuichi Tokuda 2052: 2047: 2042: 2040:Kanson Arahata 2037: 2032: 2026: 2024: 2016: 2015: 2008: 2006: 2004: 2003: 1998: 1993: 1988: 1983: 1978: 1973: 1968: 1963: 1962: 1961: 1954:Reverse Course 1951: 1944: 1937: 1932: 1927: 1922: 1920:Kantō Massacre 1917: 1912: 1906: 1904: 1900: 1899: 1890: 1889: 1882: 1875: 1867: 1858: 1857: 1854: 1853: 1851: 1850: 1847:Norwegian Wood 1843: 1836: 1828: 1826: 1820: 1819: 1817: 1816: 1808: 1800: 1792: 1784: 1775: 1773: 1764: 1760: 1759: 1756: 1755: 1753: 1752: 1747: 1742: 1736: 1734: 1728: 1727: 1725: 1724: 1719: 1714: 1712:Self-criticism 1709: 1704: 1699: 1694: 1689: 1683: 1681: 1672: 1668: 1667: 1664: 1663: 1661: 1660: 1655: 1650: 1645: 1639: 1637: 1631: 1630: 1628: 1627: 1622: 1614: 1608: 1606: 1604:Multi-tendency 1600: 1599: 1597: 1596: 1591: 1586: 1581: 1576: 1570: 1568: 1559: 1555: 1554: 1552: 1551: 1546: 1544:Mitsuko Tokoro 1541: 1536: 1531: 1526: 1521: 1516: 1511: 1506: 1501: 1495: 1493: 1489: 1488: 1486: 1485: 1480: 1475: 1470: 1465: 1460: 1455: 1450: 1445: 1440: 1435: 1430: 1420: 1415: 1409: 1407: 1403: 1402: 1395: 1394: 1387: 1380: 1372: 1366: 1365: 1359: 1353: 1347: 1341: 1335: 1329: 1323: 1317: 1309: 1306: 1304: 1303:External links 1301: 1300: 1299: 1278: 1257: 1234: 1215: 1196: 1174: 1152: 1131: 1128: 1127: 1126: 1123:Kōji Wakamatsu 1104: 1080: 1077: 1076: 1075: 1069: 1054: 1051: 1049: 1046: 1044: 1043: 1034: 1025: 1006: 997: 984: 956: 934: 922: 900: 874: 865: 856: 847: 838: 829: 820: 811: 802: 793: 783: 766: 759: 737: 728: 718: 716: 713: 699:Kōji Wakamatsu 596: 593: 575: 574:Media coverage 572: 566:, a city near 477: 474: 436: 435:Internal purge 433: 429:self-criticism 364: 361: 323: 320: 298:In the 1960s, 295: 292: 290: 287: 239:hostage crisis 214: 213: 209: 208: 205: 204: 199: 197: 192: 185: 184: 180: 179: 176: 175: 172: 170: 164:1,500 officers 163: 156: 155: 151: 150: 147: 146: 141: 139: 137: 136: 114: 107: 106: 102: 101: 98: 94: 93: 72:138°37′19.38″E 52: 50: 46: 45: 42: 38: 37: 34: 26: 25: 15: 9: 6: 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2121: 2118: 2116: 2113: 2111: 2108: 2106: 2105:Seiji Yoshida 2103: 2101: 2098: 2096: 2093: 2091: 2088: 2086: 2083: 2081: 2078: 2076: 2075:Hotsumi Ozaki 2073: 2071: 2070:Daisuke Nanba 2068: 2066: 2063: 2061: 2058: 2056: 2053: 2051: 2048: 2046: 2043: 2041: 2038: 2036: 2033: 2031: 2028: 2027: 2025: 2023: 2017: 2012: 2002: 1999: 1997: 1994: 1992: 1989: 1987: 1986:Laju incident 1984: 1982: 1979: 1977: 1974: 1972: 1969: 1967: 1964: 1960: 1957: 1956: 1955: 1952: 1950: 1949: 1945: 1942: 1938: 1936: 1933: 1931: 1928: 1926: 1923: 1921: 1918: 1916: 1913: 1911: 1908: 1907: 1905: 1901: 1897: 1888: 1883: 1881: 1876: 1874: 1869: 1868: 1865: 1849: 1848: 1844: 1842: 1841: 1837: 1835: 1834: 1830: 1829: 1827: 1821: 1814: 1813: 1809: 1806: 1805: 1801: 1798: 1797: 1793: 1790: 1789: 1785: 1782: 1781: 1777: 1776: 1774: 1768: 1765: 1761: 1751: 1748: 1746: 1743: 1741: 1738: 1737: 1735: 1732:International 1729: 1723: 1720: 1718: 1715: 1713: 1710: 1708: 1705: 1703: 1700: 1698: 1695: 1693: 1690: 1688: 1685: 1684: 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Japan Times 1142: 1138: 1134: 1133: 1124: 1119: 1114: 1110: 1109: 1105: 1102: 1101:Masato Harada 1097: 1092: 1088: 1087: 1083: 1082: 1072: 1070:4-900737-34-8 1066: 1062: 1057: 1056: 1038: 1029: 1022: 1021: 1016: 1010: 1001: 994: 988: 972: 968: 960: 953: 952: 947: 943: 938: 931: 926: 911: 904: 889: 885: 878: 869: 860: 851: 842: 833: 824: 815: 806: 797: 787: 780: 779:4-88202-699-6 776: 770: 762: 756: 752: 748: 745:久能靖 (2000). 741: 732: 723: 719: 712: 710: 706: 705: 700: 697:2007 film by 695: 690: 687: 686:, and Japan. 685: 681: 677: 673: 669: 665: 661: 657: 653: 649: 645: 640: 636: 634: 630: 626: 622: 618: 614: 610: 601: 592: 590: 586: 581: 571: 569: 565: 559: 555: 552: 543: 539: 536: 535:wrecking ball 532: 528: 524: 519: 512: 508: 504: 500: 498: 494: 490: 485: 483: 473: 471: 467: 463: 459: 455: 450: 446: 445:Hiroko Nagata 442: 432: 430: 423: 410: 406: 402: 398: 394: 390: 386: 382: 378: 374: 370: 360: 358: 354: 353: 347: 345: 341: 337: 336:Hiroko Nagata 333: 329: 319: 317: 313: 309: 304: 301: 286: 284: 278: 275: 271: 267: 263: 258: 256: 252: 248: 244: 240: 233: 221: 210: 198: 191: 190: 186: 181: 171: 162: 161: 157: 152: 144: 140: 135: 132: 129: 128: 127: 126: 113: 112: 108: 103: 99: 95: 90: 69:36°17′20.93″N 59: 55: 51: 47: 43: 39: 32: 27: 22: 19: 2527:Shōwa period 2464: 2453:Japan portal 2263: 2125:Tetsuzo Fuwa 2050:Sanzō Nosaka 2030:Sen Katayama 1975: 1946: 1845: 1838: 1831: 1810: 1802: 1794: 1786: 1778: 1539:Mitsu Tanaka 1442: 1292:. 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NHK 1053:Books 749:[ 715:Notes 680:China 672:Dhaka 668:Paris 666:from 644:Libya 585:Tokyo 568:Kyoto 525:(the 497:futon 449:purge 373:Kyoto 340:Mooka 266:purge 255:Japan 125:Japan 1771:Film 1332:坂東國男 1320:永田洋子 1186:BNet 1113:IMDb 1091:IMDb 1065:ISBN 979:2020 917:2019 895:2019 775:ISBN 755:ISBN 658:and 564:Ōtsu 371:and 241:and 218:The 41:Date 1326:森恒夫 1314:坂口弘 1238:NHK 1130:Web 1111:at 1089:at 1017:", 948:", 944:, " 580:NHK 416:殲滅戦 399:in 249:in 2503:: 1833:69 1796:69 1285:. 1264:. 1244:. 1240:. 1222:. 1203:. 1184:. 1162:. 1121:– 1099:– 886:. 711:. 678:, 654:, 615:, 570:. 419:, 253:, 229:, 56:, 1943:" 1939:" 1886:e 1879:t 1872:v 1429:) 1425:( 1391:e 1384:t 1377:v 1297:. 1276:. 1255:. 1232:. 1213:. 1194:. 1172:. 1150:. 1073:. 919:. 897:. 763:. 425:) 413:( 342:( 235:) 223:( 173:5

Index


Karuizawa
Nagano
36°17′20.93″N 138°37′19.38″E / 36.2891472°N 138.6220500°E / 36.2891472; 138.6220500
Japan
Nagano
Prefectural Police
United Red Army
hostage crisis
police standoff
Karuizawa
Nagano Prefecture
Japan
United Red Army
purge
Mount Asama
Japanese police
leftist
leftist
student movements
National Police Agency
United Red Army
Gunma Prefecture
United Red Army
Hiroko Nagata
Mooka
Tochigi Prefecture
Red Army Faction
Tsuneo Mori
Sapporo

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