239:, left Germany but was captured and imprisoned. The Rosh raised a ransom for his release, but Rabbi Meir refused it, for fear of encouraging the imprisonment of other rabbis. Thereafter the Rosh assumed Rabbi Meir's position in Worms. He was, however, forced to emigrate (in all likelihood, a victim of blackmail by the government, aimed at acquiring his fortune). After leaving Germany, he first settled in southern
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535:
There is a volume of responsa entitled 'Besamim Rosh' which is falsely attributed to the Rosh. In fact it has been shown to be a forgery from the 18th century, and contains controversial decisions which contradict what the Rosh wrote in his (genuine) responsa. This collection was published by
274:. The Rosh was known for his independent legal reasoning: "We must not be guided in our decisions by the admiration of great men, and in the event of a
270:
Rabbenu Asher possessed "methodical and systematic" Talmudic knowledge, and was distinguished for his ability to analyze and thereby clarify long
313:. He attempted to issue a decree against the study of non-Jewish learning. One effect of this attitude was to limit his influence on
267:
5088 (1327 CE). His known surviving children were said to have been killed in the ensuing persecutions that affected Spain in 1392.
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Rabbenu Asher's work has been printed with almost every edition of the Talmud since its publication. This work was so important in
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317:
Spanish Jewry. At the same time, within rabbinic circles, "he transplanted the strict and narrow
Talmudic spirit from Germany to
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1918:
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1938:
462:, written for his sons. It begins with the comment, “Distance yourself from haughtiness, with the essence of distancing.”
206:. His family was prominent for learning and piety, his father Yechiel was a Talmudist, and one of his ancestors was Rabbi
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rabbinic approach, was significant. However, the wider intellectual Jewish culture was deeply drawn to philosophy, with
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and the two are thus "incapable of harmonization". He said that "none that go unto her may return"—in fact, he thanked
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not being clearly stated in the Talmud, we are not bound to accept it, even if it be based on the works of the
263:). Rabbenu Asher's son Judah testified to the fact that he died in poverty. Rabbeinu Asher died in Toledo on 9
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emerging as a prominent center where philosophy was studied alongside
Talmudic scholarship within the local
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321:", and this, in some measure, turned Spanish Jews from secular research to the study of the Talmud.
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for having saved him from its influence, and boasted of possessing no knowledge outside the
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and Alfasi himself. One theory states that the work is actually not a commentary on the
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had instituted a new persecution of the Jews, and the great teacher of the Rosh, Rabbi
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Sages of Spain in the Eye of the Storm: Jewish
Scholars of Late Medieval Spain
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of the Geonim was not subject to the
Talmudic rule against change in the
725: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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Rabbenu Asher was opposed to the study of secular knowledge, especially
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best known for his abstract of
Talmudic law. He is often referred to as
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compiled a list of the decisions found in the work, under the title
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357:(such as agricultural and sacrificial laws) as well as the
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214:). Asher had eight sons, the most prominent of whom were
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which often uses mystical interpretations such as using
19:"The Rosh" redirects here. For other uses of Rosh, see
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this work is studied as a regular part of the daily
413:, given that it always starts with the text of the
329:Rabbenu Asher's best known work is his abstract of
375:were written by a number of later Talmudists. In
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702:(in Hebrew). Jerusalem: Bialik. p. 231.
371:(decisions of the Rosh). Commentaries on his
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282:." (For instance, the Rosh ruled that the
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778:
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563:more famous work Rimzei Ba'al ha-Turim.
544:'s son. It was exposed as a forgery by
530:History of Responsa: Fourteenth century
301:research, whereas religion is based on
158:) (1250 or 1259 – 1327) was an eminent
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297:. He held that philosophy is based on
773:
755:Rabbi Asher ben Yechiel – The “Rosh”
363:portions of the Talmud. Asher's son
16:Rabbi and Talmudist (1250/1259–1327)
657:Kelalei HaRif, Rabbeinu Asher VeTur
351:. It omits areas of law limited to
151:
13:
636:Gedaliah ibn Jechia the Spaniard,
409:but is rather a commentary on the
154:, or Asher ben Yechiel, sometimes
14:
1950:
748:
734:; et al., eds. (1901–1906).
640:, Jerusalem 1962, p. 268 (Hebrew)
489:)—with the exception of Tractate
1531:Isaac ben Mordecai of Regensburg
744:. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
720:
559:and acronyms similar to his son
428:included the Rosh together with
257:Rabbi Solomon ben Abraham Aderet
1536:Ephraim ben Isaac of Regensburg
1934:Authors of books on Jewish law
1674:Moses ben Isaac ben ha-Nessiah
1520:Judah ben Samuel of Regensburg
1358:Elhanan ben Isaac of Dampierre
1353:Isaac ben Abraham of Dampierre
691:
688:, Klalei HaPoskim, s.v. "Rosh"
676:
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466:is today an important work of
194:The Rosh was probably born in
170:, “our Rabbi Asher” or by the
1:
1924:14th-century Castilian rabbis
1919:13th-century Castilian rabbis
1393:Samuel ben Solomon of Falaise
1288:Abraham ben Joseph of Orleans
1144:Abraham ben Isaac of Narbonne
931:Shem Tov ben Abraham ibn Gaon
593:
417:. Some however dispute this.
47:
1878:Judah Leon ben Moses Mosconi
1791:Eliezer ben Samuel of Verona
1490:Yaakov ben Moshe Levi Moelin
1249:Samson ben Joseph of Falaise
799:
567:
519:-like glosses on the Talmud.
189:
174:acronym for this title, the
7:
1939:Writers of Musar literature
1754:Isaiah di Trani the Younger
1398:Judah ben Isaac Messer Leon
1150:Levi ben Abraham ben Hayyim
1018:Zerachiah ha-Levi of Girona
937:Meir ben Solomon Abi-Sahula
10:
1955:
1929:Rabbis from Worms, Germany
1914:13th-century German rabbis
1654:Eliyahu Menachem of London
1546:Eliezer ben Isaac ha-Gadol
1423:Elijah ben Menahem HaZaken
1368:Samson ben Abraham of Sens
1132:David ben Levi of Narbonne
436:as one of the three major
347:and concisely stating the
18:
1819:
1786:Moses ben Meir of Ferrara
1732:
1697:
1664:Jacob ben Judah of London
1629:
1436:
1403:Joseph ben Samuel Bonfils
1208:
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572:During the Toledo era of
255:on the recommendation of
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38:
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1863:Isaac ben Jacob ha-Lavan
1853:Isaac ben Samuel of Acre
1373:Isaac ben Eliezer Halevi
1303:Haim ben Hananel HaCohen
1271:Moses ben Jacob of Coucy
1195:Aaron ben Jacob ha-Kohen
843:Samuel ben Jacob ibn Jam
504:(the sixth order of the
483:(the first order of the
451:Rabbi Asher also wrote:
389:This work resembles the
324:
1719:Avigdor Cohen of Vienna
1611:Isaac ben Asher ha-Levi
1556:Yehuda HaKohen ben Meir
1502:Eliezer ben Joel HaLevi
1446:Meshullam ben Kalonymus
741:The Jewish Encyclopedia
698:Marciano, Yoel (2019).
345:intermediate discussion
1591:Jacob ben Judah Landau
1586:Joel ben Isaac ha-Levi
1561:Meir ben Baruch Halevi
1170:Abraham of Montpellier
1041:Simeon ben Zemah Duran
638:Shalshelet Ha-Kabbalah
574:Spanish Jewish history
1806:Isaac ben Melchizedek
1801:Joseph Colon Trabotto
1486:(Maharam MeRotenberg)
1146:(Raavad II, HaEshkol)
920:Isaac ben Moses Arama
848:Shemariah ben Elhanan
823:Chananel ben Chushiel
337:the final, practical
21:Rosh (disambiguation)
1883:Nethanel ben Isaiah
1868:Nathan ben Abraham I
1760:Obadiah of Bertinoro
1478:Mordechai ben Hillel
1418:Shemaiah of Soissons
766:Fulltext, daat.ac.il
551:A commentary on the
272:Talmudic discussions
1772:(Shibbolei HaLeket)
1689:Berechiah de Nicole
1639:Aaron of Canterbury
1621:Isaac Asir HaTikvah
1596:Samuel ben Natronai
1551:Judah ben Kalonymus
1516:(Hagahot Maimuniot)
1219:Rabbi Abin ha-Gadol
1165:Asher ben Meshullam
1160:Meshullam ben Jacob
1120:Isaac ben Abba Mari
1074:Judah ben Barzillai
659:printed before the
1873:Hillel ben Eliakim
1843:Zerahiah the Greek
1837:Tobiah ben Eliezer
1709:(Terumat HaDeshen)
1541:Samson ben Eliezer
1496:Eliezer ben Nathan
1484:Meir of Rothenburg
1453:(Rabbeinu Gershom)
1428:Ephraim ben Samson
1348:Eliezer of Touques
1259:Eliezer ben Samuel
1254:Yom Tov of Falaise
1126:Abraham ben Nathan
922:(Akeidat Yitzchak)
860:(except Catalonia)
736:"Asher ben Jehiel"
608:"Asher ben Jehiel"
393:of the Rif (Rabbi
343:, leaving out the
251:, where he became
237:Meir of Rothenburg
208:Eliezer ben Nathan
186:is on 9 Cheshvan.
1891:
1890:
1848:Isaac ben Dorbolo
1811:Judah Messer Leon
1796:Hillel ben Samuel
1742:Nathan ben Jehiel
1684:Yom Tov of Joigny
1571:Israel of Bamberg
1522:(Yehudah haHasid)
1451:Gershom ben Judah
1408:Menahem ben Helbo
1318:Peretz ben Elijah
1298:Judah ben Yom Tov
1229:List of Tosafists
1212:(except Provence)
1200:Jonathan of Lunel
1190:Isaac of Narbonne
1185:Samuel ibn Tibbon
1097:Abraham ben David
1035:Isaac ben Sheshet
1006:Shlomo ibn Aderet
947:Maimon ben Joseph
942:Isaac ibn Ghiyyat
888:Joseph ibn Migash
833:Zechariah Aghmati
828:Dunash ben Labrat
709:978-965-536-266-4
623:ʼAšer Ben Yeḥîʼel
542:Tzvi Hirsch Levin
200:Holy Roman Empire
141:
140:
59:Holy Roman Empire
1946:
1765:Menahem Recanati
1707:Israel Isserlein
1601:Alexander Suslin
1526:Yaakov ben Yakar
1508:Eleazar of Worms
1466:Asher ben Jehiel
1457:Simeon bar Isaac
1388:Samuel of Évreux
1363:Baruch ben Isaac
1338:Samson of Chinon
1333:Jacob of Orléans
1308:Yechiel of Paris
1277:Judah ben Nathan
1265:Isaac ben Samuel
1244:Solomon ben Meir
1155:Moshe ha-Darshan
1138:Moses ben Joseph
1092:Hachmei Provence
1059:Azriel of Gerona
1055:(Nimmukei Yosef)
1053:Joseph ibn Habib
1049:(Maggid Mishneh)
1014:(Rabbeinu Yonah)
1000:Nissim of Gerona
957:Abraham ibn Daud
926:Rabbenu Yerucham
900:Bahya ibn Paquda
882:Yom Tov Asevilli
877:Abraham ibn Ezra
838:Nissim ben Jacob
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498:A commentary on
468:musar literature
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113:Jehiel Ben Asher
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1659:Hagin Deulacres
1649:Elias of London
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1576:Ephraim of Bonn
1472:Jacob ben Asher
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546:Mordecai Benet
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458:, an essay on
445:Shulchan Arukh
369:Piskei Ha-Rosh
349:final decision
326:
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243:, and then in
231:In 1286, King
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168:Rabbenu Asher
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1904:1250s births
1839:(Lekach Tov)
1724:Isaac Tyrnau
1566:Israel Bruna
1514:Meir HaKohen
1465:
1267:(Ri HaZaken)
1234:Rabbeinu Tam
1175:Joseph Caspi
972:Abraham Saba
872:Judah Halevi
817:Isaac Alfasi
809:North Africa
761:Orchot Chaim
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522:A volume of
512:
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464:Orchot Chaim
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456:Orchot Chaim
455:
450:
443:
437:
434:Isaac Alfasi
419:
414:
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395:Isaac Alfasi
390:
388:
384:Talmud study
376:
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338:
333:. This work
331:Talmudic law
328:
292:
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260:
230:
219:
211:
193:
175:
167:
155:
152:אשר בן יחיאל
143:
142:
123:
1909:1327 deaths
1744:(the Aruch)
1480:(Mordechai)
1413:Simeon Kara
1283:Bechor Shor
1134:(HaMichtam)
1109:David Kimhi
990:Nachmanides
933:(Migdal Oz)
915:Joseph Albo
890:(Ri Migash)
685:Sdei Chemed
538:Saul Berlin
1898:Categories
1858:Moses Taku
1781:Judah Anav
1715:(Or Zarua)
1606:Jacob Weil
1128:(HaManhig)
1103:Gersonides
1043:(Tashbatz)
867:Maimonides
594:References
475:commentary
430:Maimonides
426:Yosef Karo
422:Jewish law
399:Maimonides
295:philosophy
72:1327-10-24
1820:Elsewhere
1510:(Rokeach)
1504:(Raavyah)
1498:(Ra'aven)
1492:(Maharil)
1122:(HaIttur)
1115:Abba Mari
982:Catalonia
568:Influence
403:Tosafists
335:specifies
303:tradition
190:Biography
164:Talmudist
125:Yahrtzeit
53:probably
1261:(Yereim)
1105:(Ralbag)
1099:(Raavad)
1084:Provence
1037:(Rivash)
1008:(Rashba)
801:Rishonim
757:, ou.org
587:yeshivas
582:Zaragoza
578:Talmudic
557:gematria
525:responsa
492:Berachot
378:yeshivot
373:Halachot
299:critical
265:Cheshvan
233:Rudolf I
184:yahrzeit
132:Cheshvan
101:Children
91:Religion
39:Personal
1699:Austria
1631:England
1438:Germany
1279:(Rivan)
1273:(Semag)
1239:Rashbam
1140:(Rambi)
1111:(Radak)
1031:(Ra'ah)
896:(Ramah)
884:(Ritva)
729::
666:Shabbat
517:Tosafot
506:Mishnah
501:Tohorot
486:Mishnah
391:Hilchot
360:aggadic
340:halakha
315:secular
288:prayers
284:liturgy
196:Cologne
95:Judaism
84:Castile
55:Cologne
1756:(Riaz)
1468:(Rosh)
1210:France
764:Hebrew
706:
528:; see
480:Zeraim
460:ethics
439:poskim
407:Talmud
401:, the
280:Geonim
261:RaShBA
245:Toledo
241:France
224:) and
212:RaABaN
204:Toledo
172:Hebrew
156:Asheri
148:Hebrew
80:Toledo
1750:(Rid)
1734:Italy
1461:Mainz
1313:Rivam
1224:Rashi
1002:(Ran)
858:Spain
819:(Rif)
652:Shach
553:Torah
424:that
365:Jacob
325:Works
319:Spain
311:Torah
253:rabbi
249:Spain
226:Judah
216:Jacob
210:(the
160:rabbi
30:Rabbi
704:ISBN
682:See
671:Klal
661:Rosh
649:See
511:The
432:and
180:רא"ש
176:Rosh
162:and
66:Died
50:1250
44:Born
1459:of
663:on
477:on
415:Rif
411:Rif
307:God
290:.)
276:law
1900::
738:.
669:,
590:.
540:,
515:,
508:).
473:A
386:.
247:,
228:.
198:,
150::
130:9
82:,
57:,
48:c.
793:e
786:t
779:v
712:.
673:2
626:.
610:.
532:.
494:.
470:.
447:.
380:,
259:(
178:(
146:(
74:)
70:(
23:.
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