27:
492:
The sixth son was Tiras from whom were born our very own
Ashkenaz and Togarmah who named the country that he possessed Thrace after himself, as well as Chittim who brought under his sway the Macedonians. 7. The sons of Tiras were Ashkenaz, from whom descended the Sarmatians, Riphath, whence the
274:'of the land of Asguza,' a name (originally perhaps Asgunza) which the skepticism of Dillmann need not hinder us from identifying with Ashkenaz, and from considering as that of a horde from the north, of Indo-Germanic origin, which settled on the south of Lake Urumiyeh."
679:, for which the Germans have of old been called Scythians too (very justly, for they came mostly from old Scythia) and Germany had several ancient names; for that part next to the Euxin was called Scythia, and the country of the Getes, but the parts east of the
456:, where their rite replaced that of existing Jewish communities whom some scholars believe to have been larger in demographics than the Ashkenazi Jews themselves, and then to all parts of the world with the migrations of Jews who identified as "Ashkenazi Jews".
493:
Sauromatians , and
Togarmah, who according to Jeremiah subjugated the Ashkenazian army and called it the House of Togarmah; for at first Ashkenaz had named our people after himself in accord with the law of seniority, as we shall explain in its proper place.
239:
Set ye up a standard in the land, blow the trumpet among the nations, prepare the nations against her , call together against her the kingdoms of Ararat, Minni, and
Ashchenaz; appoint a captain against her; cause the horses to come up as the rough
581:, there are some villages of the name Askenaz, and from him the Jews call the Germans Askenaz, but in the Saxonic and Italian, they are called Tuiscones, from Tuisco his other name. In the 25th year of his reign, he partitioned the kingdom into
561:
or Tuizo (whom
Aventinus makes the 4th son of Noah, and that he was born after the flood, but without authority) was sent by Noah into Europe, after the flood 131 years, with 20 Captains, and made a settlement near the
784:
Silk Road
Linguistics: The birth of Yiddish and the multiethnic Jewish peoples on the Silk Roads, 9–13th centuries: The indispensable role of the Arabs, Chinese, Germans, Iranians, Slavs and Turks,
480:
I had been thinking of the God-given alphabet of the
Azkanazian nation and of the land of Armenia—when, in what time, and through what kind of man that new divine gift had been bestowed ...
880:
570:(by some called Asken from him) and there founded the kingdom of the Germans and the Sarmatians ... when Askenaz himself was 24 years old, for he lived above 200 years, and reigned 176.
719:
in his
Chronology, p. 201 etc. Askenaz, or Tuisco, after his death, was worshipped as the ambassador and interpreter of the gods, and from thence called the first German
517:", now considered a forgery, claiming that Babylonian records had shown that Noah had more sons than the three sons of his listed in the Bible. Specifically, Tuiscon or
942:, "The World History of the Jewish People. Vol. XI (11): The Dark Ages. Jews in Christian Europe 711-1096 [Second Series: Medieval Period. Vol. Two: The Dark Ages",
548:
reports a significant number of antiquarian or mythographic traditions regarding
Askenaz as the first king of ancient Germany, for example the following entry:
476:, the earliest Armenian historian, calls the Armenians an "Askanazian (i.e., Ashkenazi) nation". He starts the "Life of Mashtots" with these words:
452:, the term Ashkenazi came to refer to both the Jews of medieval Germany and France. Ashkenazi Jewish culture later spread in the 16th century into
348:
In rabbinic literature from the 11th century, Ashkenaz was considered the ruler of a kingdom in the North and of the
Northern and
1061:
894:
794:
345:
How the name of
Ashkenaz came to be associated in the rabbinic literature with the Rhineland is a subject of speculation.
374:, in conformity with the custom of designating areas of Jewish settlement with biblical names, Spain being identified as
819:
314:, and, from the 11th century onwards, with northern Europe and Germany. The region of Ashkenaz was centred on the
1240:
525:
and Germany following the dispersion of peoples, with him being succeeded by his son Mannus as the second king.
977:
444:(Ashkenazi language) to describe the German language, and Byzantium and Syrian Jewish letters referred to the
1225:
999:
448:
as Ashkenazim. Given the close links between the Jewish communities of France and Germany following the
1054:
995:
537:
485:
540:
in the early 18th century that this Tuiscon was in fact none other than the biblical Ashkenaz, son of
1235:
287:
20:
779:
716:
653:
839:
767:
Berossus and Genesis, Manetho and Exodus: Hellenistic Histories and the Date of the Pentateuch
765:
1047:
910:
885:
854:
729:
589:, and Governments, and brought colonies from diverse parts to increase it. He built the city
246:
174:
925:
103:
8:
1152:
1070:
786:
720:
319:
303:
87:
339:
290:, writing around the turn of the millennium, identified Ashkenaz as the ancestor of the
943:
554:
529:
449:
1125:
1115:
1095:
890:
872:
815:
790:
118:
91:
1039:
1230:
1110:
1087:
955:
510:
415:
349:
83:
533:
1074:
1021:
981:
514:
283:
53:
649:
453:
433:
367:
361:
323:
165:
1004:(1732) p. 441 (Table 213); also p.442 "The Most Ancient Kings of the Germans".
889:. Vol. 2 (2nd ed.). Detroit: Macmillan Reference. pp. 569–571.
389:
379:
220:
205:
1219:
1179:
1100:
661:
403:
370:
period, the Jews of Central and Eastern Europe came to be called by the name
311:
250:, "Ashkenaz must have been one of the migratory peoples which in the time of
201:
189:
95:
38:
1001:
Royal Genealogies, Or the Genealogical Tables of Emperors, Kings and Princes
699:; for old Germany comprehended the greater part of Europe; and those called
1137:
1017:
876:
335:
185:
151:
71:
67:
536:) managed to furnish numerous further details, including the assertion by
927:
Reconstructing Ashkenaz: The Human Face of Franco-German Jewry, 1000–1250
586:
420:
960:, Yerevan, 1981. Translated from Old Armenian (Grabar) by Bedros Norehad
675:
Askenaz had a brother called Scytha (say the Germans) the father of the
600:
The 20 captains or dukes that came with Askenaz are: Sarmata, from whom
271:
1105:
939:
660:; Adulas, Dietas, Ibalus – people that of old dwelt between the rivers
582:
263:
255:
251:
134:
856:
Rabbis and Revolution: The Jews of Moravia in the Age of Emancipation
683:
or Weyssel were called Sarmatia Europaea, and westward it was called
676:
597:
later imitated, for the Greek and High Dutch are alike in many words.
469:
425:
315:
267:
228:
129:
970:
521:
is given as the fourth son of Noah, who had been the first ruler of
1166:
688:
645:
629:
625:
613:
601:
590:
465:
445:
197:
79:
732:
again equated Ashkenaz with the Germans, deriving the name of the
1199:
1162:
1142:
1129:
708:
692:
680:
637:
621:
522:
393:
384:
331:
307:
291:
259:
232:
213:
193:
111:
107:
99:
34:
26:
712:
696:
684:
669:
657:
594:
578:
574:
567:
563:
558:
518:
473:
429:
398:
327:
224:
1204:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1174:
1034:
The Geographical and Topographical Texts of the Old Testament
812:
Yiddish Civilization: The Rise and Fall of a Forgotten Nation
755:
Kraus. S, 1932, Hashemot 'ashkenaz usefarad, Tarbiz 3:423-435
733:
700:
665:
633:
617:
609:
605:
541:
437:
407:
262:. One branch of this great migration appears to have reached
90:, the descendants of Ashkenaz were first associated with the
75:
593:, made a body of laws in verse, and invented letters, which
1147:
1083:
805:
803:
704:
641:
209:
440:, the most important Jewish communities arose. Rashi uses
142:) from the Armenian highland of the Upper Euphrates area.
703:
were all old Germans; who by ancient authors were called
334:. Its geographic extent did not coincide with the German
37:
in this 1854 map of "The World as known to the Hebrews" (
800:
604:; Dacus or Danus – Dania or Denmark; Geta from whom the
306:, the kingdom of Ashkenaz was first associated with the
270:, who lived to the SW of that lake, sought the help of
223:, a kingdom of Ashkenaz was to be called together with
1069:
266:; for in the revolt which Esar-haddon chastised, the
770:, T & T Clark, Edinburgh, 2006 pp.148, 149 n.57.
501:
is a male given name still used today by Armenians.
179:
43:
Historical Textbook and Atlas of Biblical Geography
1217:
871:
1055:
468:, was considered among the ancestors of the
464:In Armenian tradition, Ashkenaz, along with
338:principalities of the time, and it included
155:
991:
989:
834:
832:
728:In the 19th century, the German theologian
98:, and, from the 11th century onwards, with
1062:
1048:
867:
865:
330:), in what is now the westernmost part of
930:, Stanford University Press, 2008, p. ix.
809:
504:
484:Later Armenian authors concur with this.
986:
829:
25:
862:
711:, which is confirmed by the historians
254:, burst upon the northern provinces of
1218:
918:
915:Princeton University Press 2010 p. 96.
758:
1043:
859:Stanford University Press,2010 p. 15.
814:. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
459:
277:
751:
749:
208:), with Gomer being the grandson of
406:period, Talmudic commentators like
297:
156:
57:
13:
14:
1252:
1024:) (1850) by August Wilhelm Knobel
746:
355:
612:; Tibiscus, people on the river
557:Tuisco the Giant, and by others
1007:
964:
949:
933:
723:, from Tuitseben to interpret.
553:Askenaz, or Askanes, called by
145:
74:. Ashkenaz is the first son of
903:
847:
773:
513:published fragments known as "
366:Sometime in the post Biblical
1:
739:
544:. James Anderson's 1732 tome
971:Hovhannes Draskhanakerttsi,
844:, Hachette 2011 p. 173 n. 9.
424:, where, especially in the
102:and northern Europe, or the
7:
1014:Die Völkertafel der Genesis
912:A Short History of the Jews
566:, on the West coast of the
497:Because of this tradition,
180:
117:His name is related to the
10:
1257:
486:Hovhannes Draskhanakerttsi
359:
188:. He was the first son of
150:In the genealogies of the
18:
1161:
1124:
1082:
946:Press, 1966. Pp. 302-303.
288:David ben Abraham al-Fāsi
169:
106:, in a manner similar to
58:
21:Ashkenaz (disambiguation)
826:, Chapter 3, footnote 9.
810:Kriwaczek, Paul (2005).
528:Later historians (e.g.,
488:(10th century) writes:
450:Carolingian unification
412:Ashkenaz/Eretz Ashkenaz
1241:Book of Genesis people
980:June 22, 2012, at the
726:
715:and Aventinus, and by
620:; Phrygus or Brigus –
608:; Gotha from whom the
509:In 1498, a monk named
505:German royal genealogy
495:
482:
310:, then later with the
242:
94:, then later with the
46:
1036:, Leiden, 1959, § 28.
886:Encyclopaedia Judaica
730:August Wilhelm Knobel
550:
490:
478:
247:Encyclopaedia Biblica
237:
29:
1226:Hebrew Bible nations
1018:The Table of Nations
958:The Life of Mashtots
841:Yiddish Civilisation
764:Russell E. Gmirkin,
668:; Epirus, from whom
640:; Zavus – the river
636:; Albanus from whom
154:, Ashkenaz (Hebrew:
104:Indo-European people
19:For other uses, see
1071:Descendants of Noah
787:Harrassowitz Verlag
648:; Salon – the town
573:In the vocables of
418:, earlier known as
304:rabbinic literature
88:rabbinic literature
72:descendants of Noah
973:History of Armenia
944:Rutgers University
873:Berenbaum, Michael
530:Johannes Aventinus
460:Armenian tradition
312:Slavic territories
278:Medieval reception
186:descendant of Noah
96:Slavic territories
47:
1213:
1212:
1020:from the Book of
909:Michael Brenner,
896:978-0-02-866097-4
795:978-3-447-11573-5
546:Royal genealogies
244:According to the
178:
132:who expelled the
92:Scythian cultures
82:patriarch in the
1248:
1236:Noach (parashah)
1064:
1057:
1050:
1041:
1040:
1025:
1011:
1005:
993:
984:
968:
962:
953:
947:
937:
931:
922:
916:
907:
901:
900:
869:
860:
853:Michael Miller,
851:
845:
838:Paul Kriwaczek,
836:
827:
825:
807:
798:
777:
771:
762:
756:
753:
511:Annio da Viterbo
298:Rabbinic Judaism
206:1 Chronicles 1:6
183:
173:
171:
159:
158:
126:Aškuzai, Iškuzai
84:Table of Nations
62:
60:
1256:
1255:
1251:
1250:
1249:
1247:
1246:
1245:
1216:
1215:
1214:
1209:
1157:
1120:
1078:
1068:
1029:
1028:
1012:
1008:
994:
987:
982:Wayback Machine
975:, Chapter I 6-7
969:
965:
954:
950:
938:
934:
924:David Malkiel,
923:
919:
908:
904:
897:
879:, eds. (2007).
870:
863:
852:
848:
837:
830:
822:
808:
801:
778:
774:
763:
759:
754:
747:
742:
736:from Ashkenaz.
725:
674:
673:
652:, Azalus – the
599:
598:
572:
571:
515:Pseudo-Berossus
507:
462:
442:leshon Ashkenaz
428:communities of
364:
358:
352:. (See below.)
350:Germanic people
340:northern France
308:Scythian region
300:
280:
235:, which reads:
192:and brother of
148:
24:
17:
16:Biblical figure
12:
11:
5:
1254:
1244:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1211:
1210:
1208:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
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1177:
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1159:
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1145:
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1134:
1132:
1122:
1121:
1119:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1092:
1090:
1080:
1079:
1067:
1066:
1059:
1052:
1044:
1038:
1037:
1027:
1026:
1006:
996:James Anderson
985:
963:
948:
932:
917:
902:
895:
861:
846:
828:
820:
799:
772:
757:
744:
743:
741:
738:
634:Jadera Colonia
551:
538:James Anderson
506:
503:
461:
458:
454:Eastern Europe
399:Land of Canaan
368:early medieval
362:Ashkenazi Jews
360:Main article:
357:
356:Ashkenazi Jews
354:
299:
296:
279:
276:
221:Jeremiah 51:27
147:
144:
70:is one of the
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1253:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1223:
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1206:
1203:
1201:
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1123:
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1035:
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1030:
1023:
1019:
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992:
990:
983:
979:
976:
974:
967:
961:
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952:
945:
941:
936:
929:
928:
921:
914:
913:
906:
898:
892:
888:
887:
882:
878:
877:Skolnik, Fred
874:
868:
866:
858:
857:
850:
843:
842:
835:
833:
823:
821:0-297-82941-6
817:
813:
806:
804:
796:
792:
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785:
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776:
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731:
724:
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635:
631:
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623:
619:
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611:
607:
603:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
569:
565:
560:
556:
549:
547:
543:
539:
535:
534:Johann Hübner
531:
526:
524:
520:
516:
512:
502:
500:
494:
489:
487:
481:
477:
475:
471:
467:
457:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
422:
417:
414:to designate
413:
410:began to use
409:
405:
404:high medieval
401:
400:
395:
391:
387:
386:
382:), France as
381:
377:
373:
369:
363:
353:
351:
346:
343:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
295:
293:
289:
285:
275:
273:
269:
265:
264:Lake Urumiyeh
261:
257:
253:
249:
248:
241:
240:caterpillars.
236:
234:
230:
226:
222:
217:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
182:
176:
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137:
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101:
97:
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81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
55:
51:
44:
40:
39:Lyman Coleman
36:
32:
28:
22:
1033:
1013:
1009:
1000:
972:
966:
957:
951:
935:
926:
920:
911:
905:
884:
855:
849:
840:
811:
783:
775:
766:
760:
727:
707:, Gauls and
628:; Dalmata –
552:
545:
527:
508:
498:
496:
491:
483:
479:
463:
441:
419:
411:
397:
390:1 Kings 17:9
383:
380:Obadiah 1:20
375:
371:
365:
347:
344:
301:
286:philologist
281:
245:
243:
238:
218:
202:Genesis 10:3
161:
152:Hebrew Bible
149:
146:Hebrew Bible
139:
133:
125:
121:
116:
68:Hebrew Bible
63:
49:
48:
42:
33:is shown in
30:
1032:J. Simons:
780:Paul Wexler
687:, Celtica,
656:; Hister –
644:; Pannus –
624:; Thynus –
587:Tetrarchies
258:, and upon
252:Esar-haddon
157:אַשְׁכְּנַז
59:אַשְׁכְּנָז
1220:Categories
1106:Arpachshad
940:Cecil Roth
881:"Ashkenaz"
740:References
632:; Jader –
616:; Mocia –
583:Toparchies
372:Ashkenazim
320:Palatinate
256:Asia Minor
717:Alstedius
709:Galatians
689:Allemania
677:Scythians
568:Euxin sea
555:Aventinus
470:Armenians
446:Crusaders
426:Rhineland
402:. By the
336:Christian
322:(notably
316:Rhineland
175:romanized
130:Scythians
66:) in the
1167:Japhetic
978:Archived
956:Koriun,
697:Teutonia
646:Pannonia
630:Dalmatia
626:Bithynia
614:Tibiscus
602:Sarmatia
591:Duisburg
466:Togarmah
385:Tsarefat
318:and the
231:against
212:through
198:Togarmah
184:) was a
181:Askhanáz
162:’Aškənaz
140:Gimirrāi
119:Assyrian
80:Japhetic
78:, and a
64:ʾAškənāz
50:Ashkenaz
31:Ashkenaz
1231:Japheth
1200:Meshech
1163:Japheth
1143:Mizraim
1130:Hamitic
1088:Semitic
1075:Genesis
1022:Genesis
721:Mercury
693:Francia
681:Vistule
638:Albania
622:Phrygia
523:Scythia
499:Askanaz
416:Germany
394:Bohemia
392:), and
376:Sefarad
332:Germany
292:Khazars
284:Karaite
272:Ispakai
260:Armenia
233:Babylon
214:Japheth
194:Riphath
177::
170:Ἀσχανάζ
135:Gimirri
128:), the
112:Sefarad
108:Tzarfat
100:Germany
61:
35:Phrygia
1153:Canaan
893:
818:
793:
713:Strabo
685:Gallia
670:Epirus
666:Rhenus
658:Istria
595:Kadmos
579:Hessia
575:Saxony
564:Tanais
559:Tuisto
519:Tuisto
474:Koriun
430:Speyer
328:Speyer
268:Mannai
225:Ararat
122:Aškūza
54:Hebrew
1205:Tiras
1195:Tubal
1190:Javan
1185:Madai
1180:Magog
1175:Gomer
1101:Ashur
797:p.84
789:2021
734:Aesir
705:Celts
701:Gauls
662:Oenus
654:Azali
618:Mysia
610:Goths
606:Getae
542:Gomer
438:Mainz
434:Worms
421:Loter
408:Rashi
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