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converge at about 300 meters to form the
Kallada River. The river reaches the coast at an altitude of 0-10 meters before emptying into Ashtamudi Lake. From the east, the estuary comprises eight arms: Thevally, Kureepuzha, Kandachira, Thekkumbhagam, Peruman, Kanjirottu, Kallada, and Kumbaluthu, giving it the name "Ashtamudi" which means "eight-coned." The estuary also encompasses four major islands: Munroturuttu, Thekkumbhagam, Trikkaruva, and Trikakkadavur. With a maximum depth of 21 ft (6.4 m) at the confluence, it is Kerala's deepest estuary. Ashtamudi Estuary exhibits a shallow characteristic, with an average depth of 1.8 meters and a maximum depth of 9 meters. The central area of the estuary typically ranges in depth from 1 to 2 meters, featuring a deep, funnel-shaped depression along its eastern margins.
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sewage from households and establishments, said a report submitted by the board on the ecological condition of the
Ashtamudi Lake before the National Green Tribunal on August 17, 2022. A survey conducted by the Kerala State Pollution Control Board (PCB) revealed that Ashtamudi Lake is facing pollution stress caused by various factors, such as solid waste dumping and sewage discharge. With numerous drainage channels from households and businesses flowing into the lake, local authorities have been directed to implement urgent remedial actions.Garbage covers many areas, including Link Road, Pullikada, Thoppil Kadav, and Manichithodu. The area opposite the KSRTC bus stand in the city center is heavily littered with various types of waste.
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benefit is assessed at Rs.1.5 million (using the standard travel cost method). But this is reported to be showing a downward trend, particularly in fish resources in the estuary. This evaluation provides an insight into the economic importance of conserving
Ashtamudi estuary. Ferry services, both public and private, are operational in various parts of the estuary. Local fishermen utilize Chinese fishing nets, known as 'Cheenavala' in Malayalam, which are a common sight along the waterway. The lake, along with Quilon Town on its banks and Neendakara Port at the confluence point, serves as transportation hubs for the state's trade and commerce, particularly in the cashew trading and processing industry and marine products industry.
527:, Kerala's largest natural freshwater lake, which is now listed as a Ramsar site, was believed to have been part of Ashtamudi Lake approximately 10,000 years ago but became disconnected around 7,000 years ago. Currently, Sasthamkotta Lake has eight creeks (Ashtamudi). Two other creeks of the lake were disconnected during a similar process in the early Holocene period, namely Chittumala Lake and Cherupola Lake. During the disconnection period, the creek that later formed Sasthamcotta Lake had the upper estuary salinity of the then Ashtamudi Lake. It is estimated that it took at least 1,000 years for the disconnected water body to completely lose its salinity.
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kayalvaram, Tholukadavu, Malibhagam, Thundivila kadavu, Njaramoodu, Ammavankodi, Koppanveettil
Puthuval, Thekkum bhagam, Thuduvila kadavu , Panakottil shertraputhuval, Kandalathuputhuval, Ponnayathuputhuval, Guhanadhapuram, Kacheri Kadavu, Kadanmoola, Panamottilkadavu, Azhakathukadavu, Kulangaraveli, Valathil, Nadakavupalliputhuval, Munnapathu kadavu, Munnapathu North, Puttuvila, Pavamba west, Mukundapuram, Melampallikadavu, Pallikadavu, Karattil kadavu, Pannamoottil kadavu, Puthanthura, Delavapuram Old Bridge, Marryland panchayathukadavu, Neelaswaram Kadavu, Neendakara, Vadakumbhagam
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Kuppana
Erakkukadavu, Poovanthazham Temple, Chandakadavu, Vanvila, Oalikara, Thekkechirayil, Kanjaveli, Pochayil Kayalvaram, Challikkuzhi Kayalvaram, Gosthalakavu Kayalvaram, Kollante Kayalvaram, Panavila, Mukkekadavu, Pallikkadavu, Prakkulam, Sambranikodi, Neendakara, Sakthikulangara, Kallumpurathukadavu, Kaikkara Kadavu, Kallayyathu Kadavu, Kinattummoottil Kadavu, Mukkad Kadavu, Mukkad Pallikadavu, Kaniyan Kadavu, Aravila, Kavanad, Mamoottilkadavu North, Mamoottilkadavu, Kureepuzha, Kollam, Erattakadavu, Manalilkadavu, Kollam, Kaithavaram, Thoppilkadavu, Njanakshethram
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coconut and other fruit trees. Subsequently, in the nineteenth century, the
British expanded the expanse of Quilon by establishing an army garrison and extending markets in the area. Railway links were established with Thirunelveli in 1904 and with Trivandrum in 1918, as documented by Menon (1964). Furthermore, the establishment of roads and a railway link between Kollam and Ernakulam via Munroe Island in 1958 eventually led to the fragmentation of the Ashtamudi estuary into two parts, particularly isolating the Karali marshes.
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extensively exploited, contributing significantly to the region's mineral output. Kollam
District is responsible for producing 36% of the state's crude clay and 43.5% of its processed clay, which collectively account for 9.08% of India's total China Clay production. The coastal side of the basin exposes the Guruvayur Formation from the quaternary period, characterized by a sand-silt-clay admixture of marine origin.
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contributing 48% of the total rainfall. Temperature typically ranges between 22-33°C. Evaporation rates peak during
January (207 mm) and reach a minimum in July (89 mm). Relative humidity varies from 63% in January to 87% in June-July. Wind speeds range from 1.3 to 2.1 km/hour, with higher speeds observed during March-June and lower speeds during September-December.
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Vellimon Kadavu, Nadeelaveettil puthuval, Kodiyil
Kayalvaram, Chamakkadu, Road Kadavu, Chamakadavu, Thottumugamkadavu, Karuli Kadavu, Mampuzha Kadavu, Kuzhiyam, Pulikuzhi, Edakkara, Edakkara , Njaravila, Manchadimula Kadavu, Kaithakodi, Vellimon Resort Palace, Elavakuzhi, Karapoika Kadavu, Road Kadavu, Perumon Kadavu, Perumon Lake, Chemmakkadu Palli Kadavu
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hundreds of households within the estuary shore community. A variety of tourism packages are available, connecting all the backwater cities of Kerala, including Kollam, Alappuzha, Kumarakam, Kottayam, and Kochi. Houseboats typically follow a specific navigation path, starting from the Kollam KSWTD boat jetty via
National Waterway 3 to Munroe Island.
1205:. More than 20,000 waterfowl visit Ashtamudi Lake annually. Additionally, the lake serves as a nursery ground for commercially important shrimp species that are harvested off the Kollam coast. The zooplankton fauna in Ashtamudi Lake primarily comprises Copepoda, fish larvae, Oligochaeta, fish eggs, Ostracoda, Polychaeta, Coelenterata, and Rotifer.
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In terms of percentage distribution, Perciformes is the most dominant order, constituting 52.87% of the total fish species, followed by Clupeiformes (13.79%), Mugiliformes (6.89%), Cypriniformes and Siluriformes (4.59% each), Pleuronectiformes, Beloniformes, and Tetradontiformes (3.45% each), and the
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The lake supports 57 species of avifauna, of which 6 are migratory and 51 resident species. It is also reported that about 40 species of wetland-dependent birds are recorded in the lake, out of which 45% are long-distance migrants. Terns, plovers, cormorants, and herons are most abundant birds in the
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and upland crops, it has aggravated the salinity ingress into the wetland and the river due to reduced outflows during summer months. 88% of the inflow contributed by Kallada and 12% through rainfall. During peak monsoon, the inundation of the Ashtamudi Estuary reaches 5,700 hectares, with a maximum
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Government has carried out a study with the objective of evolving a management plan for sustainable management of the estuary for ecosystem development. The shores of the lake are home to important species of rare birds and animals. Any decisions made concerning the Ashtamudi Estuary's resources and
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An analysis of the water quality of the lake from 2019 to 2021 under the State Water Quality Monitoring Programme revealed that the maximum total coliform count, indicating faecal contamination, was in the range of 540 MPN/100 ml to 920 MPN/100 ml. A major contributor to the pollution of the lake is
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Ashtamudi yields an annual landing of 28,611 metric tons of biomass, based on five years of catch assessments conducted at five sites. This biomass has an estimated market value of 970 million, according to market price data from 2014. The catch is composed predominantly of clams, accounting for 83%
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The commissioning of the Kallada Dam has resulted in a significant reduction in freshwater inflow into the estuary. This, coupled with decreasing rainfall and rising sea levels, has led to a increase in salinity levels. However, the decline in water quality within the estuary has been notable due to
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The Perumon Disaster was a catastrophic railway accident that occurred on July 8, 1988, near Perumon in the Kollam district of Kerala, India. The accident involved the derailment of the Island Express train, which was traveling from Bangalore to Thiruvananthapuram, while it was crossing the Perumon
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Littoral drift, which involves the movement of sediments in near-shore zones by waves and currents, significantly influences the shaping and orientation of coastal landforms and the overall evolution of the coast. The Neendakara inlet serves as a confluence zone between the sea and the estuary. The
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at Peringalam (Koivilai) located to the west of Munroe Island. The Kallada River has a length of 121 km and a catchment area of 1,699 sq. km. The annual run-off is estimated at 2,140.8 million meter. The river's tributaries originate independently in the highlands at an altitude of 1,200 meters and
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estuary and backwaters are just 21 kilometer away from Ashtamudi. National waterway 3 (Kollam - Kottappuram) starts from the south of Ashtamudi lake over a distance of 168 km. Among the seven terminals positioned along this waterway, Ashtamudi and Kollam are situated along the estuary. Regular
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During surveys conducted in 2015, at least 25 retting units were found to be operational around Ashtamudi. The majority of these retting operations are concentrated around Trikkaruva, Thekkumbhagam, and Chavara. The coir thus retted serves as a crucial input for cottage to medium-scale industries,
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Ashtamudi Estuary remains an open system year-round, characterized by the absence of sandbar formations regardless of the season. Consequently, tidal action persists strongly throughout the year, extending even to the interior parts of the estuary. There is a net tidal exchange of 4968 m. The
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Ashtamudi Kadavu, Thottathil Kayalvaram, Sanga Kadavu, Kannadimukku, Veerabadra Temple East, Karinjapalli, Chekkalayil Puthuvel, Mangalathu East, Koolpadam, Ottaffice Kayalvaram, Mundakkal Pallikadavu, Mundakal, Perumon, Perumon Devi Temple, Vadakkepura Kadavu, Koothala puthuval, Mulluvila Kadavu,
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The study discovered microplastics in the lake's fish, shellfish, sediment, and water. The highest percentage of microplastics was found in the macrofauna, with fish containing 19.6% and shellfish 40.9%. Fibers made up 35.6% of the microplastics found in the collected samples, followed closely by
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An evaluation of the marketed use benefits of Ashtamudi estuary (valued using market valuation approach) has assessed the total direct use value at Rs.66.8 million per annum; coconut husk retting accounts for Rs.5.1 million, Inland navigation service accounts for Rs.3.7 million and the recreation
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Ashramam Biodiversity Heritage Site is the first biodiversity heritage site in the Kerala state that came up at Asramam in the banks of Ashtamudi lake. This heritage site encompasses more than 50 hectares, including the Government Guest House complex, the mangrove area, and the creek of Ashtamudi
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is reported to be 76 km of freshwater. The basin drainage area is 1,700 km (660 mi) and with an average annual rainfall of 2400 mm (94 in) it discharges 3.375 km (2,740,000 ac·ft) of flow annually. It acts as a flood storage lake thus protecting the thickly populated
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In natural conditions, high drift rates are likely to lead to the formation of shoals and bars at the mouth of the estuary, which may be periodically cut open by high-velocity river flows. With the reduction in inflows from the Kallada River, the mouth of the estuary requires periodic dredging to
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Ashtamudi Lake receives water from numerous minor streams draining from the south and east. It is connected to Paravur Kayal (Kollam Thodu) in the south and to Kayamkulam Kayal (Chavara - Panmana Thodu) in the north via canals. Other streams like manichithodu drains into the lake. The presence of
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Kottayathukadavu, Kochukottayathukadavu, Pandonni Kadavu, Kadavoor West , Mukkadayil, Thonippurakkal, Chamavila, Panamukkam, Thevadanathu Kayalvaram, Kureepuzha, Mamoottilkadavu Kureepuzha, Pathinettampadi Kadavu, Ayiravalli Temple, Aravila Kadavu, Malayante Kayalvaram, AiKadavu, Mundante Kadavu,
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Kureepuzha Kayal of Ashtamudi Estuary is often likened to the "Loch Lomond" of Kerala due to its resemblance to Loch Lomond in Britain. It is the busiest kayal in the Ashtamudi estuarine system as it is part of the National Waterway and serves as the only route to Kollam town from Neendakara. The
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Kandachira Kayal serves as the southern arm of Ashtamudi Lake, connecting three panchayats: Panayam, Thrikadavoor, and Mangadu. According to data from the Panayam Village Office, the catchment area of Kandachira Kayal is approximately 20 hectares and 10 ares. The Kayal area extends to Kandachira,
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The estuary and its drainage basin are situated in a warm, humid tropical climate. The average annual rainfall amounts to 2251.57 mm, primarily received in two distinct spells of the south-west and north-east monsoons. Rainfall during the south-west monsoon constitutes the predominant component,
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The tertiary Warkalli Formation and Quilon Formation are prominently exposed around the Ashtamudi Estuary. The Warkalli Formation consists of sandstone and clay with lignite intercalations, which overlay fossiliferous limestone and calcareous clay of the Quilon Formation. The latter formation is
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at the southern tip of Ashtamudi Lake in Kollam has been seeing a rise in tourist flow of late. This is a narrow patch of land popped up a few years ago in the Ashtamudi Lake about 350m away from the Sambranikodi coast and it became a complete isle after soil dredged for the construction of the
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Ashtamudi lake is considered as the entrance to backwaters of Kerala. According to information provided by the District Tourism Promotion Council (DTPC), the estuary hosts over 50 houseboats. The presence of these houseboats, along with associated tourism activities, supports the livelihoods of
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language. The name is indicative of the lake's topography with its multiple branches. The lake is also called the gateway to the backwaters of Kerala and is well known for its houseboat and backwater resorts. Ashtamudi Wetland was included in the list of wetlands of international importance, as
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Trends in the landing of fish, prawn, crab, and clams over the years are depicted in Figure 2.11. The finfish catch includes mullets, pearl spot, catfishes, estuarine sprat, gerrieds, Glossogobius giuris (goby), ambassids, Chanos chanos, and Caranx sp. Among shellfish, Fenneropeanaeus indicus,
1306:(Venus Clams) and this study found it was wrongly identified as short-neck clam in previous studies. Clams found in the estuary are exported. The estuary is the source of livelihood for thousands of fishermen and is stated to be the second biggest fish-landing centre after the Vembanad estuary.
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is credited with organizing the rebellion against the British from this place. During the colonial era, the Dutch Naval Commander General D’ Lanoy is believed to have ordered the reclamation of part of Ashtamudi marshes on the southern flanks, particularly in Dalawapuram, for the plantation of
534:, during his 24-year sojourn in the 14th century, is reported to have mentioned about the Quilon port as one of the five ports for Chinese trade. Links with Persia (9th century), Chinese mandarin in 1275 AD, Portuguese in 1502 AD, and the Dutch followed British in 1795 AD are recorded history.
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Pamba, Nadutheri, Dalavapuram, Pulimoottil kadav,Thekkumbhagam, Pallikadavu,Thekkumbhagam, Pallapil, Maalil kadavu,Prakkulam, Prakkulam Jetty, Manalil kadavu, Malayarikkal, Malayarikkal kadavu, Ashtamudi, AshtamudiVeerabadraTemple, Mootharea Kayalvaram, Paumba bridge East, Pauba Jetty, Chavudi
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The mouth of the Ashtamudi Estuary has been developed into Neendakara Harbour, which serves over 3,000 marine fishing boats and trawlers. The harbour features breakwaters extending 610 meters seaward and 380 meters leeward, creating a sheltered basin and a navigable approach for the vessels.
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The composition of the fish fauna in Ashtamudi Lake comprises a total of 87 species under 64 genera, belonging to 38 families within 14 orders. Among the recorded species, 8 are classified as highly commercial, 45 as commercial, 27 as minor commercial, and 7 have no fisheries interest.
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is reported to be very small, not more than 200. The major threats to the endangered species are reportedly draining of the wet lands and conversion into paddy fields. A total of 52 species of phytoplankton have been documented in the estuary, representing 35 families and 10 classes.
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Panayam, Kadavoor, Thrikadavoor, Anchalumood, Thevalli, Ashramam, and reaches the southern side of the KSRTC bus stand in Kollam. A significant quantity of municipal waste finds its way into the lake through the canal that traverses the southern and eastern regions of Kollam Town.
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Uliyakovil Kadavu, IInd Milestone, Kavanadu Kadavu, Mangadu Kadavu, Mangadu, Mangadu North, West of Kandachira Church, Kandachira, Road Kadavu Kandachira, Kaippana Kayalvaram, Vettuvila, Muttathumoola Kadavu, Kottilukada, Kuthirakkada, Venkekkara, KadavoorMurunthal, chirayil
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Kalladaparapu, Muttom, Thenguvila, Shingarapalli, Edachal, Pattakadavu, Manchadikadavu, Areekadavu, Mannukadavu, Arinalloor kadavu, Erunilakayal, Arinalloor pallikadavu, Cheri kadavu, KoyivilaPallikadavu, Koyivila Jetti, Kodikadavu, Mamottilkadavu, Kalladaparampu
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lake. A study report has identified 45 insect species, including 26 species of butterfly, 5 odonates, 9 hymenopteras, and 2 orthopterans, 1 hemipteran and 2 coleopterans. About 29 zooplankton species have also been identified. The water body is the habitat for
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With funds provided by the Union Ministry of Environment and Forests, revival of mangrove forests was done which is reported to be partially successful (out of 2,40,000 mangrove saplings planted over a period of two years 30,000 are reported to be surviving).
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of the total, with the remainder being fish (7%), crab (6%), and prawn (4%). In terms of market value in 2014, the catch was valued at Rs. 985 million, with clams contributing the largest share (51%), followed by crab (19%), fish (18%), and prawn (12%).
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Many fish species may have become extinct due to lack of spawning facilities on the banks of the lake due to canalization of the lake's banks by walls built of laterite and granite stones (these walls reportedly cover 80 per cent of the lake's
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providing transport access to many other towns and villages along this route. Luxury houseboats also operate on the lake. The boat journey is an 8-hour trip, winding through lakes, canals and water bound villages. Chinese fishing nets, called
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its sustainable management significance is dictated by about a million people who live on its shores and the large species of rare birds and animals which provide the equally important biodiversity to the lake's environs. The Plan envisages:
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built across the Kallada river is 85.3 m high by 35 m long (280 ft by 115 ft) with a reservoir area of 23 km (8.9 mi) with a storage volume of 0.505 km (409,000 ac·ft). Though it provides irrigation to 61630 ha for
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Kollam KSRTC Bus stand, Kollam Boatjetty, Kollam Asramam Link Road, Kollam Yathri Nivas / Tamirind, Advenger Park, Asramam West, Asramam North, Uliyajkovil, Uliyajkovil Thuruth, Thevally Fort, Thevally , Olayilkadavu, Postmortom Kadavu
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bridge over Ashtamudi Lake. The Island Express derailed while crossing the Perumon bridge, causing eight of its coaches to fall into the Ashtamudi Lake. The disaster resulted in the deaths of 105 passengers, with many others injured.
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Dwindling of the fragile lake zone due to conversion/destruction of natural habitats for development purposes (reported that the lake which had an area of 54 km according to old survey reports has shrunk to 34 km due to
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b) People dependent on coir for a livelihood used the lake to soak husks but now the Kanjiracode coir industry is non-existent due to closure of the creek resulting in migration of coir workers to other places for a living.
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A recent study has revealed the extent of microplastic pollution in Ashtamudi Lake, a Ramsar wetland in Kollam district, highlighting the necessity for ongoing monitoring and addressing "potential public health concerns."
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Hazardous heavy metals, including molybdenum, iron, and barium, were detected in the microplastics, potentially adsorbed from the surroundings. These findings pose potential risks to aquatic organisms and human beings.
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in an ideal spot where one can see the coir retting process, coir weaving, fishing, prawns feeding, migratory bird watch, narrow canals and waterways, coconut farms on the lake shore, lagoons, mangrove plants.
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Thekkumbhagom island, situated on the bank of the Ashtamudi Lake, provides the feel of rustic life of a village. The significance of this village is because the first epic poetry in the Malayalam language,
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Kanjiracode creek on the south-east end of the lake, one arm of the Ashtamudi, has suffered extinction due to the dumping of waste earth and clay into the lake by the Kerala Ceramics Limited (KCL) at
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for the conservation and sustainable utilization of wetlands. Ashtamudi Estuary is the deepest among all the estuaries in Kerala, with a maximum depth of 6.4 meters at the confluence zone.
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fragments at 33.3% and films at 28%. "Notably, the majority of particles were in the smaller size range, suggesting their potential bioavailability to aquatic organisms," the study noted.
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Vellimon, Padappakara, Kanjaveettil Kayalvaram, Vadhyarukadavu, Pookvarical, Thottarodimunambhu, Kattilpoika, Kuthiramunambhu, Kanjirottukadavu, Manchadimoola, Kaithakodi, Vellimon Kadavu
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Muttum Kadavu, Kadathukadavu, Valathil Mannukadavu, Kumbalam, Valiya Kumbalam, Padinjareathazhaveettil Kayalvaram, Oonambalam, Oonambalam West, Peringera Valavu, Kuzhikara, Nellimukkam
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A recent study on the late Quaternary evolution of the Ashtamudi-Sasthamkotta lake systems revealed that during the early Holocene period, Ashtamudi Lake had 12 creeks (Dhwadesamudi).
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length of 10.6 km and a width of 8 km. This seasonal transition is a significant aspect of the wetland's ecological character, particularly influencing its ecological productivity.
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and boats operate to all villages located in the canals of the backwater system. The boat jetty is located at about 2 km (1.2 mi) away from the railway station. Famous
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Ashtamudi is a brackish system, so the salinity values are high. It ranges between 13-33.5 ppt. The creek areas are normally remain fresh during the monsoon and post monsoon.
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Address the declining fish stock production through concerted efforts to conserve the fish stock of the estuary in a sustainable manner and with community participation
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Metapenaeus dobsoni, Macrobachium rosenbergii, Scylla tranquebarica, S. serrata, and Portunus pelagicus are dominant species in fish landing (Harikishnan, 2015).
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372:, (formerly Quilon) is an important historic port city located on the right bank of the lake. Boat cruises are operated by the Kollam Boat Club from Kollam to
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the continuous discharge of untreated waste from various sources, including Kollam City, tourist resorts, industrial units, slaughterhouses, and houseboats.
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was composed by the poet Azhakath Padmanabha Kurup in this village. An ancient 1000-year-old temple and a 200-year-old church are located here.
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1619:(Vallam kali), held annually on November 1st in the Estuary, commemorating the day Kerala State was created, serves as a major attraction.
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Better sanitation, reduction of industrial growth and reduction of urban waste to ensure the maintainable water quality of the estuary.
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The lake and the life on its shores have inspired many artists and writers. It has been the subject of many poems by the renowned poet
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Along both banks of the lake and its backwater canals, coconut groves and palm trees interspersed with towns and villages are seen.
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Quilon or Kollam and inevitably Ashtamudi lake's importance is claimed to be dated to the days of the Romans and the Phoenicians.
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tidal amplitude at this location reaches a maximum of 1.12 meters, with an average of 0.5 meters according to tide-forecast.com.
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boat services to Muthiraparamb, Guhanandapuram, Ayiramthengu, Munroe Island, and Alappuzha are available from the Kollam jetty.
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The above activities have been suggested for implementation in the Vellimon Kayal, a relatively unspoiled part of the estuary.
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Neendakara port to be provided with improved sanitation facilities, enhanced boat-fuelling terminals and drainage terminals.
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2484:"Diversity and Phylogeny of Mangrove Sediment Derived Bacteria of Ashtamudi Lake, a Ramsar Site in Kollam, Kerala, India"
2257:"Ecobiological studies on the kandachira kayal of the ashtamudi estuary_ kerala_ india and the influence of coir retting"
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network of lines connects Quilon with all important centres in the rest of the country. Ferry services operate daily to
2518:"Fish diversity of ashtamudi lake_ a ramsar site at the South west coast of India_ with reference to ecological factors"
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producing ropes, mats, baskets, and wall hangings. Much of the employment in coir processing is provided to womenfolk.
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Product diversification of coir to ensure better economic returns to people with the coordination of self-help groups
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2153:. The Secretariat of the Convention on Wetlands (Ramsar, Iran, 1971) Rue Mauverney 28, CH-1196 Gland, Switzerland.
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sediments and sedimentary rocks are the formations in the lake basin and environs. The Quaternary sediments are of
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Large quantities of untreated sewage, disposal of human excreta, and the pollution from paper mills, industries (
1644:
1616:
2154:
1896:
1273:
97 species of fish (42 are typically marine, 3 estuarine, 9 estuarine-riverine, 15 marine-estuarine) and unique
8069:
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3617:
2827:
2331:
1927:
17:
1911:
1781:
Improved shore protection through mangrove afforestation for ecosystem development on the banks of the estuary
8064:
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7105:
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5398:
4304:
3704:
568:
74:
559:(NH 47) passes through the lake periphery not only from Quilon but also to other locations on its bank from
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7173:
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6639:
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4021:
3714:
3709:
3500:
459:
Kollam Corporation waste dumping yard is situated on the left bank of Kureepuzha Kayal (Mammoottilkadavu).
1690:, a state government-owned public sector unit. A university professor who has studied this aspect wonders
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in the lead roles. Various poems of Thirunellur Karunakaran including Rani has the lake as centre theme.
556:
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1884:
332:
and a large palm-shaped (also described as octopus-shaped) water body. It is second only in size to the
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403:
395:
The lake is the source of livelihood of many people living close by. Fishing, coconut husk retting for
232:
1695:
whether the lake would have to be soon rechristened "Sapthamudi" or the lake with seven locks of hair.
1217:
The taxonomic distribution of fish species in Ashtamudi Lake reveals the following order composition:
7725:
7274:
7194:
6896:
6677:
6364:
6158:
6047:
6027:
5523:
5428:
5423:
5378:
5145:
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4394:
4344:
4289:
4036:
3653:
3475:
2820:
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2413:
2368:
2344:
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2256:
1615:
Currently, it is estimated that nearly 25,000 tourists visit the estuary each year. The prestigious
8084:
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6414:
6276:
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5463:
5403:
5393:
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5262:
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4409:
4364:
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3535:
3258:
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1903:
1843:
410:
255:
416:
7735:
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6334:
6219:
6143:
6113:
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3819:
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Three major types of fisheries are practiced in the estuary: capture, culture, and clam fishing.
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6702:
6153:
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2465:"Ahead of International Biodiversity Day, a peek into Kerala's only biodiversity heritage site"
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is a major river discharging into the Ashtamudi Lake. The Kallada river, which originates near
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1870:
993:
245:
2011:
1951:
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port at the confluence offer a means of transport for the state's trade and commerce in the
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8:
8001:
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1608:
1999:
1639:
The following are reported to be the reasons for deterioration of the lake environment:
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Oil spills from thousands of fishing boats and from industries in the surrounding area.
560:
153:
48:
2122:
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as also 43 species of marshy and mangrove associates including two endangered species
630:
several islands (known as thruths) indicates a high rate of siltation in the estuary.
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6712:
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6537:
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6389:
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4208:
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3658:
3622:
3598:
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3303:
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3202:
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2720:
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in Malayalam, are used by local fisherman and are a common sight along the waterway.
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5176:
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4359:
4253:
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4148:
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3719:
3283:
3187:
3136:
3106:
3031:
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2491:
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2276:"Ecology and biodiversity of ashtamudi and kureepuzha kayals of ashtamudi estuary"
1810:
visits to temples nearby and other places of cultural and archeological importance
1784:
Mining to be allowed selectively at village level, away from the banks of the lake
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576:
421:
318:
103:
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2883:
1804:
1302:
the main clam fishery resources in the Ashtamudi Lake re-assigned to the genus
997:
987:
872:
177:
167:
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1752:
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2724:
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2482:
Sarlin, Pathissery John; Megha, M; Thomas, Jeniffer Ann; Gayathry, S (2023).
2234:
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1708:
1603:
1170:
669:
614:
602:
597:
241:
160:
136:
123:
3026:
2332:
http://manomohanam-manomohanam.blogspot.com/2008_08_01_archive.htmlAshtamudi
661:
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3192:
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1862:
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618:
610:
2483:
665:
An uninhabited island in Munroe Island cluster, situated at Lake Ashtamudi
7986:
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7023:
6717:
6586:
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3006:
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2495:
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1866:
1761:
1001:
535:
392:
trading and processing industry as well as the marine products industry.
5573:
2812:
2536:"Eco-certified Ashtamudi short-neck clam acquires its rightful identity"
2202:
399:
production and inland navigation services are the prominent businesses.
7675:
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7482:
7446:
7431:
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6128:
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4334:
4279:
4203:
4188:
4138:
3875:
3814:
3794:
3748:
3444:
3439:
3336:
3316:
3076:
2923:
2913:
2863:
2599:"Tourists flocking to Sambranikodi in Kollam; the isle to get a revamp"
2223:"Kerala's Ashtamudi lake gets recognition for sustainable clam fishing"
1858:
1756:
A house boat seen in Ashtamudi lake with Chinese nets in the background
1704:
1282:
970:
906:
864:
531:
402:
In 2014, the Clam Governing Council of Ashtamudi lake became the first
385:
154:
2713:"New study reveals extent of microplastic pollution in Ashtamudi Lake"
2563:, ST 23 - Economic uses of Ashtamudi Estuary in South India, Taal 2007
672:(Munroethuruth) is a cluster of eight tiny islands in Ashtamudi Lake.
7593:
7578:
7543:
7487:
6993:
6532:
6522:
6062:
5966:
5810:
5702:
5638:
5171:
4884:
4809:
4460:
3668:
3116:
2991:
2147:
1857:
There is a 1978 Indian Malayalam-language film Ashtamudikkaayal with
959:
955:
887:
373:
349:
329:
312:
5505:
Thrissur Zoological Park Wildlife Conversation & Research Centre
3567:
1700:
The loss to people due to destruction of the creek is stated to be:
1265:
remaining orders each constituting 1.15% of the total fish species.
7802:
7644:
7598:
7553:
7492:
6349:
5846:
5776:
5247:
4999:
4869:
4819:
4774:
4687:
4566:
4339:
4284:
3985:
3930:
3809:
3763:
3061:
2898:
1658:
1008:
lists the two endangered species in IUCN 2008. The total number of
883:
879:
868:
572:
333:
58:
7624:
7533:
7477:
7441:
6384:
6168:
5958:
5940:
5869:
5717:
5684:
4904:
4894:
4889:
4859:
4829:
4794:
4627:
4571:
4551:
4016:
3945:
3885:
3758:
3346:
2996:
2574:"Illegal boat services to island in Kollam raise safety concerns"
1716:
1687:
1666:
1662:
1278:
1274:
916:
876:
622:
606:
588:
360:
326:
264:
6318:
5976:
5856:
5828:
3950:
3865:
3663:
3331:
2847:
2428:"Biodiversity Heritage Sites - Kerala State Biodiversity Board"
2395:"Sumesh et al., 2014 and Vidyasagaran and Madhusoodanan, 2014".
1918:
1814:
1720:
1632:
1285:
996:
system. These species offer excellent scope for development of
564:
548:
406:
certified fishery in India for their sustainable clam fishing.
389:
369:
322:
107:
1562:
5648:
5630:
4601:
3935:
3845:
1289:
551:
as the entry city to the lake, access to the lake are to the
2179:
http://www.indiainfoweb.com/kerala/lakes/ashtamudi-lake.html
4389:
1818:
1277:
species. It is also a congenial habitat for all species of
1005:
926:
891:
396:
1313:
6287:
5666:
2481:
1807:
bio-reserve, nature island and mangrove conservation area
1790:
Set defined navigation routes undisturbed by fishing nets
6866:
1821:
fields, fish hatcheries and other biodiversity hot spots
1622:
1298:
A comparative shell morphology study of short-neck clam
806:
Perumon - Pezhumthuruthu (Kollam - Kayamkulam railway)
1148:
915:
average annual runoff from the river system into the
384:
The lake and the city of Kollam on its banks and the
2561:
http://www.taal2007.org/downloads/abstracts/Oral.pdf
2447:"State's first biodiversity heritage site in Kollam"
2305:
http://www.india9.com/i9show/Kallada-River-38931.htm
1993:
Traditional merchant boat on the backwaters (Kerala)
7373:
Mount Carmel Convent Anglo-Indian Girls High School
7265:
Indian Institute of Infrastructure and Construction
6693:
Kerala State Cashew Development Corporation Limited
2659:"Unhindered dumping of waste chokes Ashtamudi Lake"
617:is formed by the confluence of three rivers, viz.,
2746:https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344239148
2345:"Ashtamudi Estuary, An Integrated Management Plan"
2148:"The List of Wetlands of International Importance"
1681:
920:city of Quilon (Kollam) and the coastal land. The
435:
1981:Traditional Chinese fishing net in Ashtamudi Lake
1969:Houseboat in the midst of weeds in the backwaters
8046:
7111:Olympian Suresh Babu Multipurpose Indoor Stadium
6668:Cashew Export Promotion Council of India (CEPCI)
2780:http://www.wetlands.org/reports/ris/2IN009en.pdf
2334:Estuary Biodiversity Conservation and Management
1760:The Asia Development Assistance Facility of the
114:
1852:
1769:Identify and phase out of the pollution sources
1612:national highway was dumped in the backwaters.
1016:The mangroves seen in Ashtamudi ecosystem are
647:maintain sufficient depth for port operations.
40:
4991:Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Police Museum, Kollam
6303:
5589:
3583:
2828:
1796:Promote ecotourism with better facilities of
6914:N. S. Memorial Institute of Medical Sciences
6736:United Electrical Industries Limited(UNILEC)
5485:Crocodile Rehabilitation and Research Centre
2622:
2327:
2325:
2323:
2321:
2319:
2317:
2315:
2313:
2036:
2034:
2032:
475:
7342:Sree Narayana Guru College of Legal Studies
6759:Asramam Adventure Park & Picnic Village
1563:Economic evaluation of the lake's resources
910:Astamudi Lake Near Veerabhadra Swami Temple
882:of recent age. Tertiary sediments comprise
6918:ESIC Model & Super Speciality Hospital
6310:
6296:
6104:Point Calimere Wildlife and Bird Sanctuary
5596:
5582:
3590:
3576:
2835:
2821:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2102:
2100:
1129:(L.) Soland. ex Correa (Family: Malvaceae)
413:who was born and brought up on its banks.
5603:
2842:
2310:
2198:
2196:
2194:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2029:
1730:
27:Lake in India (Gateway to the backwaters)
7134:Anandavalleeshwaram Sri Mahadevar Temple
6698:List of cashew companies based in Kollam
6405:4th Portuguese India Armada (Gama, 1502)
1933:Mechanised boats plying in the backwater
1751:
1626:
905:
781:Below are the major bridges in the lake
660:
587:
553:Thiruvananthapuram International Airport
426:
415:
359:
7829:Kerala Urban Road Transport Corporation
7824:Kerala State Road Transport Corporation
6099:Gulf of Mannar Marine Biosphere Reserve
2444:
2097:
1314:Households in and around Ashtamudi lake
1084:(Perr) CB.Rob. (Family: Rhizophoraceae)
1036:(Forsk.) Vierh. (Family: Avicenniaceae)
14:
8047:
7270:Institute of Fashion Technology Kerala
7159:Sasthamcotta Sree Dharma Sastha Temple
6924:Shankar's Institute of Medical Science
6824:Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Police Museum
3613:Kerala Tourism Development Corporation
2656:
2293:http://www.quilon.com/Html/history.htm
2254:
2191:
2061:
2042:"Ashtamudi Resort Kollam - Facilities"
776:
650:
509:
81:
7702:
7415:
7306:College of Engineering Karunagappally
7232:
6688:Kerala Minerals and Metals Ltd.(KMML)
6291:
5577:
4325:International Film Festival of Kerala
3597:
3571:
2816:
2710:
2625:"Waste dumping chokes Ashtamudi Lake"
2203:http://www.kazhakuttom.com/kollam.htm
1623:Deterioration of the lake environment
981:(endangered species according to the
845:Sakthikulngara - Kureeppuzha (NH 66)
822:Neendakara - Sakthikulangara (NH 66)
7918:Kollam–Thiruvananthapuram trunk line
7378:St. Aloysius Higher Secondary School
6933:Holy Cross Super Speciality Hospital
6930:Kerala Institute of Medical Sciences
4961:Kerala Science and Technology Museum
2515:
2273:
1747:
1631:A moving ferry on Lake Ashtamudi at
1294:paphia malabarica (short neck Clams)
683:List of major islands in Ashtamudi:
63:An aerial view of the Ashtamudi lake
8029:
6884:Travancore Medicity Medical College
6774:Thangassery Breakwater Tourism Park
6732:List of Seafood Companies in Kollam
6558:Ashramam Biodiversity Heritage Site
6360:Quilon Syrian (Tharisapalli) plates
5542:
5283:Meenmutty Falls, Thiruvananthapuram
4986:Pazhassi Raja Archaeological Museum
2623:Krishnakumar, G. (23 August 2022).
2160:from the original on 2 January 2008
1837:
1813:visits to coir-producing villages,
1155:Ashramam Biodiversity Heritage Site
492:
484:
453:
440:
364:Luxury house boat in the backwaters
195:61.4 km (23.7 sq mi)
172:1,700 km (660 sq mi)
24:
7416:
7205:List of schools in Kollam district
6879:Government Medical College, Kollam
6139:Udayamarthandapuram Bird Sanctuary
6134:Suchindram Theroor Wetland Complex
2657:Bureau, The Hindu (13 June 2023).
2445:Pereira, Ignatius (27 July 2017).
1268:World Wildlife Fund (WWF) reports
1149:Ashramam Biodoversity Heritagesite
1078:(L.) Lam. (Family: Rhizophoraceae)
431:A top view of Ashtamudi backwaters
25:
8101:
7399:Sree Narayana Polytechnic College
7358:Chinmaya Vidyalaya, Chandanathope
7249:Sree Narayanaguru Open University
7200:Neendakara Indo-Norwegian Project
7139:Asramam Sree Krishna Swamy Temple
6673:Indian Rare Earths Limited (IREL)
6124:Pallikaranai Marsh Reserve Forest
5444:Peechi-Vazhani Wildlife Sanctuary
2796:
466:
8028:
8019:
8018:
7368:Kendriya Vidyalaya, Mulangadakam
7325:Arts, science & law colleges
7280:Kerala State Institute of Design
7164:St Andrew's Church, Kovilthottam
6874:Azeezia Medical College Hospital
6650:Eravipuram Assembly constituency
6435:Roman Catholic Diocese of Quilon
6043:Keshopur-Miani Community Reserve
5555:
5541:
5530:
5529:
5518:
5517:
4057:Sree Narayana Jayanthi Boat Race
3728:Trivandrum International Airport
3552:
2010:
1998:
1986:
1974:
1962:
1950:
1938:
1926:
1910:
1895:
1883:
1105:(L.) R.Br. (Family: Apocynaceae)
830:Pezhunthuruthu - Pattomthuruthu
500:
336:estuary ecosystem of the state.
80:
73:
57:
7301:College of Engineering, Perumon
7169:St Antony's Church, Kanjiracode
6355:Kollam Era (Malayalam calendar)
5439:Parambikulam Wildlife Sanctuary
4946:Archaeological Museum, Thrissur
2773:
2738:
2704:
2650:
2616:
2591:
2566:
2554:
2528:
2509:
2475:
2457:
2438:
2420:
2388:
2375:
2337:
2298:
2286:
1787:Discontinue estuary reclamation
1682:Extinction of Kanjiracode creek
1587:
1066:(L.) Engl. (Family: Lythraceae)
436:Eight arms of Ashtamudi estuary
3618:Department of Tourism (Kerala)
2267:
2248:
2215:
2172:
2140:
1090:Blume (Family: Rhizophoraceae)
1004:in the estuarine of the lake.
983:Red Data Book of Indian Plants
348: : 'peaks') in the local
340:means 'eight hills or peaks' (
13:
1:
8055:Tourist attractions in Kollam
7897:Kollam-Chennai Egmore Express
7703:
7233:
7154:Paravur Puttingal Devi Temple
6645:Chavara Assembly constituency
6635:Kollam Lok Sabha constituency
5459:Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuary
5399:Karimpuzha Wildlife Sanctuary
4320:India International Boat Show
4305:Feast of Saint Raphael, Ollur
3705:Calicut International Airport
2022:
1800:and services in the form of:
1254:Cyprinidontiformes: 1 species
1111:Gaertn. (Family: Apocynaceae)
1048:Willd. (Family: Combretaceae)
798:Thevally - Mathilil (NH 183)
633:
583:
8080:Geography of Kollam district
7892:Kollam–Visakhapatnam Express
7332:Fatima Mata National College
7174:Valiya Koonambaikulam Temple
7101:International Hockey Stadium
7057:President's Trophy Boat Race
6902:Government Victoria Hospital
6897:Government District Hospital
6723:Fisheries Industry in Kollam
6640:Kollam Assembly constituency
6620:Kollam Development Authority
6615:Kollam Municipal Corporation
6119:Koonthankulam Bird Sanctuary
6109:Kanjirankulam Bird Sanctuary
5819:Ranganathittu Bird Sanctuary
5731:Bhindawas Wildlife Sanctuary
4936:8 Point Gallery Cafe, Kollam
4093:Nedumala caves, Piralimattam
4052:President's Trophy Boat Race
4022:Champakulam Moolam Boat Race
3715:Kannur International Airport
3710:Cochin International Airport
3486:President's Trophy Boat Race
2058:Back water Retreat Ashtamudi
1853:Recent cultural implications
1665:, seafood), as well as from
1239:Tetraodontiformes: 3 species
1236:Pleuronectiformes: 3 species
901:
814:Thekkumbhagom - Dalawapuram
7:
8090:Wetlands in Kollam district
7923:Kollam–Sengottai Chord Line
7316:TKM Institute of Technology
7096:Lal Bahadur Shastri Stadium
6789:Dutch Church, Munroe Island
6683:The Kerala Ceramics Limited
6210:Parvati Arga Bird Sanctuary
6149:Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary
5490:Parassinikkadavu Snake Park
5419:Mangalavanam Bird Sanctuary
5384:Chimmony Wildlife Sanctuary
2988:Karimpuzha River (Palakkad)
2711:Rajwi, Tiki (23 May 2024).
2078:"Ashtamudi Lake - Overview"
1257:Gonorynchiformes: 1 species
1163:
853:Mangadu - Kadavoor (NH 66)
420:View of Ashtamudi Lake and
211:76,000,000,000 km (1.8
10:
8106:
7311:TKM College of Engineering
7106:KDRA Indoor Shooting Range
6548:Thekkumbhagam-Kappil Beach
6317:
6094:Chitrangudi Bird Sanctuary
5469:Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary
5449:Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary
5414:Malabar Wildlife Sanctuary
5389:Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary
5151:Sri Moolam Thirunal Palace
4501:St Thomas Fort, Tangasseri
4405:Tattamangalam Kuthira Vela
3871:Kappil, Thiruvananthapuram
3674:Temple Festivals of Kerala
2274:Raj, Vimal; V, R. (2013).
1876:
1841:
1617:President Trophy Boat Race
1596:
1571:
1245:Scorpaeniformes: 1 species
1152:
1141:Lam. (Family: Pandanaceae)
1135:Gamble (Family: Myrtaceae)
1095:Associate Mangrove Species
1054:L. (Family: Euphorbiaceae)
1042:L. (Family: Avicenniaceae)
940:
859:
722:Kallumpuram Puthen Thuruth
654:
595:
518:
404:Marine Stewardship Council
238:Sambrani Island, Prakkulam
8014:
7979:
7953:
7931:
7910:
7879:
7848:
7841:
7816:
7780:
7744:
7726:Andamukkam City bus stand
7718:
7711:
7698:
7663:
7617:
7521:
7465:
7424:
7411:
7386:
7350:
7324:
7288:
7275:Kerala Maritime Institute
7257:
7239:
7228:
7195:Cashew business in Kollam
7182:
7119:
7088:
7081:List of statues in Kollam
7032:
7001:
6940:
6867:Medical college hospitals
6857:
6744:
6678:Cashew business in Kollam
6658:
6605:
6566:
6448:
6325:
6262:
6248:
6185:
6167:
6159:Vembannur Wetland Complex
6084:
6061:
6048:Nangal Wildlife Sanctuary
6028:Beas Conservation Reserve
6018:
5975:
5957:
5939:
5911:
5878:
5855:
5827:
5809:
5767:
5739:
5716:
5683:
5665:
5647:
5629:
5611:
5513:
5477:
5429:Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve
5424:Neyyar Wildlife Sanctuary
5379:Aralam Wildlife Sanctuary
5371:
5200:
5164:
5146:Shakthan Thampuran Palace
5051:Hill Palace, Tripunithura
5013:
4928:
4767:
4696:
4615:
4524:
4428:
4395:Onathallu or Avittathallu
4345:Kerala Adventure Carnival
4290:Aluva Sivarathri festival
4272:
4106:
4070:
4037:Kandassankadavu Boat Race
4004:
3828:
3772:
3736:
3697:
3631:
3605:
3549:
3518:
3476:Kandassankadavu Boat Race
3453:
3422:
3415:
3302:
3226:
3165:
2854:
2116:"Ramsar cities in Kerala"
1945:As the lake joins the sea
1260:Anguilliformes: 1 species
1251:Atheriniformes: 1 species
1208:
563:to the northern towns of
542:
476:Kadapuzha Kayal (Kallada)
300:
296:
288:
279:
275:
251:
231:
227:
219:
207:
199:
191:
187:
176:
166:
152:
113:
99:
68:
56:
41:
39:
34:
7731:Kollam KSRTC bus station
7394:Govt. ITI, Chandanathope
7190:Kollam metropolitan area
7129:Ammachiveedu Devi Temple
7052:Kottankulangara Festival
6205:Nawabganj Bird Sanctuary
5464:Thattekad Bird Sanctuary
5404:Kumarakom Bird Sanctuary
5394:Kadalundi Bird Sanctuary
5288:Meenmutty Falls, Wayanad
5263:Kumbhavurutty Waterfalls
4451:Chandragiri Fort, Kerala
4410:Thirumandhamkunnu Pooram
4365:Kottankulangara Festival
4300:Edakkunni Uthram Vilakku
3679:Tourist Resorts (Kerala)
3536:Kumarakom Bird Sanctuary
2184:29 December 2012 at the
1844:Peruman railway accident
1230:Cypriniformes: 4 species
1224:Clupeiformes: 12 species
1072:L. (Family: Pteridaceae)
1060:Lour. (Family: Fabaceae)
1030:L. (Family: Acanthaceae)
949:
411:Thirunalloor Karunakaran
7992:Kollam KSWTD Boat Jetty
7902:Kollam–Tirupati Express
7736:Tangasseri Bus Terminal
7296:Bishop Jerome Institute
7220:Kollam Orthodox Diocese
7144:Kolloorvila Juma Mosque
6969:Kovilthottam Lighthouse
6779:Asramam Children's Park
6220:Samaspur Bird Sanctuary
6114:Karikili Bird Sanctuary
5726:Sultanpur National Park
5313:Panieli Poru waterfalls
5005:Wayanad Heritage Museum
4027:Indira Gandhi Boat Race
3991:Kadalundi Nagaram beach
3820:Thovarimala Ezhuthupara
1242:Beloniformes: 3 species
1233:Siluriformes: 4 species
1227:Mugiliformes: 6 species
1221:Perciformes: 46 species
1117:L. (Family: Guttiferae)
894:of Warkalai formation.
321:of the Indian state of
203:6.4 m (21 ft)
7149:Infant Jesus Cathedral
6784:Chinnakada Clock Tower
6703:Parvathy Mills Limited
6154:Vellode Bird Sanctuary
6144:Vaduvur Bird Sanctuary
6071:Keoladeo National Park
5990:Bhitarkanika Mangroves
5495:Thiruvananthapuram Zoo
5363:Vazhvanthol waterfalls
5218:Aruvikkuzhi Waterfalls
4956:Indo-Portuguese Museum
4951:Indian Business Museum
4385:Nenmara Vallanghy Vela
4042:Nehru Trophy Boat Race
4017:Biyyam Kayal Boat Race
3506:Sree Narayana Jayanthi
2432:keralabiodiversity.org
2408:Cite journal requires
2383:Syzygium travancoricum
2363:Cite journal requires
2255:Sachin, S. R. (2013).
1757:
1731:Microplastic pollution
1719:in the south and even
1698:
1636:
1308:
1296:and a variety of fish.
1248:Elopiformes: 1 species
1133:Syzygium travancoricum
1123:L. (Family: Malvaceae)
1115:Calophyllum inophyllum
1010:Syzygium travancoricum
1000:bioreserve to promote
978:Syzygium travancoricum
954:Ashtamudi Estuary has
911:
758:St. Sabastian Thuruthu
666:
593:
432:
424:
365:
223:10 m (33 ft)
8070:Ramsar sites in India
7767:National Highway 183A
7210:Jatayu Earth's Center
7089:Sports & stadiums
7067:Kollam Public Library
6984:Tangasseri Lighthouse
6964:Crowther Masonic Hall
6844:Thirumullavaram Beach
6839:Paravur Thekkumbhagam
6834:Tangasseri Lighthouse
6543:Thirumullavaram Beach
6272:East Kolkata Wetlands
5605:Ramsar sites in India
5454:Periyar Tiger Reserve
5409:Kurinjimala Sanctuary
5293:Meenvallam Waterfalls
5253:Kozhippara Waterfalls
5071:Kodungallur Kovilakam
4078:Chovvanur burial cave
4047:Payippadu Vallam Kali
3971:Thirumullavaram Beach
3966:Paravur Thekkumbhagam
3654:Jatayu Earth’s Center
3466:Payippadu Vallam Kali
3372:Paravur Thekkumbhagam
1871:Sreelatha Namboothiri
1817:-producing villages,
1755:
1692:
1630:
1270:
1139:Pandanus fascicularis
1064:Sonneratia caseolaris
1040:Avicennia officinalis
1020:True Mangrove Species
909:
835:Puthenthuruthu Bridge
664:
591:
430:
419:
363:
246:Chavara Thekkumbhagom
8065:Reservoirs in Kerala
7762:National Highway 744
7757:National Highway 183
7363:Govt. Boys Model HSS
7289:Engineering colleges
7258:Premier institutions
7042:Kalidasa Kalakendram
6794:Estuaries of Paravur
6478:Estuaries of Paravur
6225:Sandi Bird Sanctuary
6215:Saman Bird Sanctuary
5847:Vembanad-Kol Wetland
5372:Wildlife sanctuaries
5353:Thoovanam Waterfalls
5328:Perunthenaruvi Falls
5228:Ayyapanov Waterfalls
5061:Karimpuzha Kovilakam
4597:Balathiruthi Islands
4380:Kalpathi Ratholsavam
4375:Nalukulangara Pooram
4098:Vizhinjam rock caves
4088:Kottukal cave temple
3931:Padinjarekkara beach
3921:Muzhappilangad Beach
3773:Archaeological sites
3639:Chinese fishing nets
3632:Informative articles
3526:Estuaries of Paravur
3377:Padinjarekkara Beach
2516:Usha, N. S. (2014).
2496:10.2139/ssrn.4334595
2208:11 June 2012 at the
1917:Ashtamudi Lake with
1890:Backwaters at sunset
1088:Rhizophora apiculata
1076:Bruguiera gymnorhiza
1052:Excoecaria agallocha
1028:Acanthus ilicifolius
966:Brugiera gymnorrhiza
725:Neelaswaram Thuruthu
8002:National Waterway 3
7887:Ananthapuri Express
7752:National Highway 66
7009:Bishop Jerome Nagar
6819:Portuguese Cemetery
6809:Mahatma Gandhi Park
6769:Sambranikodi Island
6410:Portuguese Cemetery
6375:Rama Varma of Venad
6129:Pichavaram Mangrove
5921:Nandur Madhameshwar
5333:Siruvani Waterfalls
5318:Pattathippara Falls
5298:Oliyarik Waterfalls
5111:Mattancherry Palace
5101:Lakshmipuram Palace
5091:Krishnapuram Palace
5056:Kanakakkunnu Palace
4971:Lockhart Tea Museum
4840:Ilaveezha Poonchira
4330:Kadavallur Anyonyam
4244:Thanneermukkom Bund
4062:Triprayar Boat Race
3785:Ariyannur Umbrellas
3471:Triprayar Boat Race
2807:World Wildlife Fund
2785:27 May 2011 at the
2229:. 7 November 2014.
2084:on 17 December 2007
1609:Sambranikodi Island
1046:Lumnitzera racemosa
777:Bridges in the lake
766:Sambranikodi Island
678:Ramachandravilasam,
651:Islands in the lake
557:National Highway 47
510:Thekkumbhagum Kayal
315:: "അഷ്ടമുടിക്കായൽ"
260:(Metropolitan Area)
215:10 cu mi)
133: /
7215:Kollam CSI Diocese
6927:Dr. Nairs Hospital
6909:Meditrina Hospital
6625:Kollam City Police
6230:Sarsai Nawar Jheel
5348:Thusharagiri Falls
5308:Paloor Kotta Falls
5273:Manalar Waterfalls
5268:Lakkom Water Falls
5248:Kollam Kolli Falls
5223:Athirappilly Falls
5187:Thunchan Samarakam
5165:Ancient residences
5121:Nilambur Kovilakam
5116:Merry Lodge Palace
4966:Kerala Soil Museum
4420:Uthralikavu Pooram
4295:Arattupuzha Pooram
4214:Peruvaripallam Dam
4114:Banasura Sagar Dam
4012:Aranmula Boat Race
3961:Snehatheeram Beach
3956:Shankumugham Beach
3805:Kudakkallu Parambu
3689:Wildlife of Kerala
3501:Champakulam Moolam
3259:Meenmutty, Wayanad
2696:has generic name (
2469:www.onmanorama.com
2434:. 10 October 2022.
2212:Kollam at a Glance
1904:Kollam KSRTC Depot
1758:
1637:
1300:Paphia malabarica,
1127:Thespesia populnea
1121:Hibiscus tiliaceus
1103:Alstonia scholaris
1070:Acrostichum aureum
912:
811:Delavapuram Bridge
717:Pathumma Thuruthu
706:Pannakka Thuruthu
695:Palliyam Thuruthu
667:
594:
561:Thiruvananthapuram
433:
425:
366:
8042:
8041:
8010:
8009:
7971:
7949:
7948:
7934:maintenance yards
7837:
7836:
7788:Asramam Link Road
7745:National highways
7694:
7693:
7407:
7406:
7121:Places of worship
6949:British Residency
6892:
6891:
6799:Islands of Kollam
6764:British Residency
6713:Kollam Technopark
6608:& authorities
6538:Sasthamcotta Lake
6483:Islands of Kollam
6425:Kollam Cantonment
6390:Cantonment Maidan
6285:
6284:
6277:Sundarban Wetland
6240:Upper Ganga River
6200:Haiderpur Wetland
6195:Bakhira Sanctuary
6000:Hirakud Reservoir
5842:Sasthamkotta Lake
5837:Ashtamudi Wetland
5787:Shallbugh Wetland
5769:Jammu and Kashmir
5571:
5570:
5278:Marmala waterfall
5192:Varikkasseri Mana
5076:Kollengode Palace
5066:Kilimanoor Palace
5036:British Residency
5026:Aranmula Kottaram
4976:Munnar Tea Museum
4663:Sasthamcotta Lake
4607:Willingdon Island
4547:Islands of Kollam
4315:Ilanjithara Melam
4209:Peringalkuthu Dam
4032:Kallada Boat Race
3986:Vadakara Sandbank
3941:Payyambalam Beach
3724:
3659:Kerala backwaters
3644:God's Own Country
3623:Gandhi Seva Sadan
3599:Tourism in Kerala
3565:
3564:
3531:Islands of Kollam
3514:
3513:
3183:Kavvayi Backwater
2874:Anjarakandi River
2761:Missing or empty
2542:. 5 December 2018
2295:Land of cashewnut
1957:Ducks in the lake
1798:inland navigation
1748:Restoration plans
1707:) and "kanambu" (
1560:
1559:
1058:Derris trifoliata
857:
856:
819:Neendakara Bridge
774:
773:
755:St. Joseph Island
703:Koyivila Thuruthu
657:Islands of Kollam
569:Southern Railways
525:Sasthamkotta Lake
493:Kumbalathu Kayal
355:Ramsar Convention
344: : 'eight';
311:Ashtamudi Kayal,
304:
303:
270:
261:
220:Surface elevation
16:(Redirected from
8097:
8032:
8031:
8022:
8021:
7967:
7941:Kollam MEMU Shed
7846:
7845:
7716:
7715:
7700:
7699:
7413:
7412:
7387:Other institutes
7230:
7229:
7062:Kollam Kite Club
7002:Shopping centres
6943:& structures
6921:Upasana Hospital
6864:
6863:
6754:8 Point Art Cafe
6553:Chittumala Chira
6458:Quilon formation
6430:Battle of Quilon
6415:Buckingham Canal
6370:Rama Rajasekhara
6312:
6305:
6298:
6289:
6288:
5741:Himachal Pradesh
5708:Wadhvana Wetland
5598:
5591:
5584:
5575:
5574:
5562:India portal
5560:
5559:
5558:
5545:
5544:
5533:
5532:
5521:
5520:
5338:Soochipara Falls
5243:Dhoni Waterfalls
5182:Poonthanam Illam
5177:Olappamanna Mana
5172:Azhvanchery Mana
5141:Puthen Kovilakam
5126:Paliam Kovilakam
4532:Dharmadam Island
4511:Tellicherry Fort
4481:Overbury's Folly
4441:Anchuthengu Fort
4400:Peruvanam Pooram
4360:Kottakkal pooram
4254:Thunakkadavu Dam
4194:Parambikulam Dam
4184:Mullaperiyar Dam
4149:Kanjirapuzha Dam
4119:Bhoothathankettu
3861:Fort Kochi beach
3790:Cheraman Parambu
3722:
3592:
3585:
3578:
3569:
3568:
3559:India portal
3557:
3556:
3555:
3420:
3419:
3188:Kayamkulam Kayal
3137:Thuppanadippuzha
2837:
2830:
2823:
2814:
2813:
2790:
2777:
2771:
2770:
2764:
2759:
2757:
2749:
2742:
2736:
2735:
2733:
2731:
2708:
2702:
2701:
2695:
2691:
2689:
2681:
2679:
2677:
2654:
2648:
2647:
2645:
2643:
2620:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2609:
2595:
2589:
2588:
2586:
2584:
2570:
2564:
2558:
2552:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2532:
2526:
2525:
2513:
2507:
2506:
2504:
2502:
2479:
2473:
2472:
2461:
2455:
2454:
2442:
2436:
2435:
2424:
2418:
2417:
2411:
2406:
2404:
2396:
2392:
2386:
2379:
2373:
2372:
2366:
2361:
2359:
2351:
2349:
2341:
2335:
2329:
2308:
2302:
2296:
2290:
2284:
2283:
2271:
2265:
2264:
2252:
2246:
2245:
2243:
2241:
2219:
2213:
2200:
2189:
2176:
2170:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2159:
2152:
2144:
2138:
2137:
2135:
2133:
2127:
2121:. Archived from
2120:
2112:
2095:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2080:. Archived from
2074:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2044:. Archived from
2038:
2017:Ashtamudi Lake 2
2014:
2002:
1990:
1978:
1966:
1954:
1942:
1930:
1914:
1899:
1887:
1838:Perumon Disaster
1414:Kizhakkekallada
1318:
1317:
1173:from the genera
1034:Avicennia marina
784:
783:
750:Puthen Thuruthu
733:Neettum Thuruthu
700:Cheekan Thuruthu
686:
685:
485:Kanjirottu Kayal
454:Kureepuzha Kayal
441:Kandachira Kayal
268:
259:
214:
156:
148:
147:
145:
144:
143:
138:
137:8.967°N 76.583°E
134:
131:
130:
129:
126:
116:
84:
83:
77:
61:
52:
44:
43:
32:
31:
21:
8105:
8104:
8100:
8099:
8098:
8096:
8095:
8094:
8085:Lakes in Kollam
8060:Lakes of Kollam
8045:
8044:
8043:
8038:
8006:
7975:
7961:Kerala Seaplane
7945:
7933:
7927:
7906:
7875:
7856:Kollam Junction
7833:
7812:
7776:
7740:
7707:
7690:
7686:Thirumullavaram
7659:
7655:Punthalathazham
7613:
7517:
7503:Sakthikulangara
7461:
7420:
7403:
7382:
7346:
7337:NSS Law College
7320:
7284:
7253:
7235:
7224:
7178:
7115:
7084:
7028:
7014:Downtown Kollam
6997:
6989:Thevally Palace
6959:Cheena Kottaram
6942:
6936:
6888:
6853:
6814:Mundakkal Beach
6746:
6740:
6728:Neendakara Port
6654:
6607:
6601:
6577:Sakthikulangara
6562:
6508:Mundakkal Beach
6488:Ithikkara River
6444:
6321:
6316:
6286:
6281:
6258:
6244:
6181:
6177:Rudrasagar Lake
6163:
6080:
6057:
6014:
5971:
5953:
5935:
5907:
5874:
5851:
5823:
5805:
5763:
5735:
5712:
5679:
5661:
5643:
5625:
5607:
5602:
5572:
5567:
5556:
5554:
5509:
5473:
5367:
5358:Vazhachal Falls
5258:Kudamutti Falls
5208:Adyanpara Falls
5196:
5160:
5156:Thevally Palace
5131:Pandalam Palace
5086:Koyikkal Palace
5041:Cheena Kottaram
5031:Bolgatty Palace
5009:
4924:
4885:Pandallur hills
4865:Meenuliyan Para
4855:Kunnathoor Padi
4763:
4692:
4611:
4537:Ezhumanthuruthu
4520:
4506:St. Angelo Fort
4496:Pallipuram Fort
4456:Cranganore Fort
4424:
4415:Thrissur Pooram
4370:Machad Mamangam
4310:Gandharvanpattu
4268:
4144:Kakki Reservoir
4102:
4066:
4000:
3936:Paravanna beach
3916:Mundakkal Beach
3906:Meenkunnu Beach
3891:Kozhikode Beach
3851:Chavakkad Beach
3836:Alappuzha Beach
3824:
3768:
3737:Amusement parks
3732:
3693:
3627:
3601:
3596:
3566:
3561:
3553:
3551:
3545:
3510:
3449:
3411:
3402:Thirumullavaram
3322:Chavakkad Beach
3298:
3222:
3169:
3161:
2904:Cherukunnapuzha
2850:
2841:
2799:
2794:
2793:
2787:Wayback Machine
2778:
2774:
2762:
2760:
2751:
2750:
2744:
2743:
2739:
2729:
2727:
2709:
2705:
2693:
2692:
2683:
2682:
2675:
2673:
2655:
2651:
2641:
2639:
2621:
2617:
2607:
2605:
2597:
2596:
2592:
2582:
2580:
2572:
2571:
2567:
2559:
2555:
2545:
2543:
2534:
2533:
2529:
2514:
2510:
2500:
2498:
2480:
2476:
2463:
2462:
2458:
2443:
2439:
2426:
2425:
2421:
2409:
2407:
2398:
2397:
2394:
2393:
2389:
2380:
2376:
2364:
2362:
2353:
2352:
2347:
2343:
2342:
2338:
2330:
2311:
2307:, Kallada River
2303:
2299:
2291:
2287:
2272:
2268:
2253:
2249:
2239:
2237:
2221:
2220:
2216:
2210:Wayback Machine
2201:
2192:
2186:Wayback Machine
2177:
2173:
2163:
2161:
2157:
2150:
2146:
2145:
2141:
2131:
2129:
2128:on 21 July 2011
2125:
2118:
2114:
2113:
2098:
2087:
2085:
2076:
2075:
2062:
2051:
2049:
2040:
2039:
2030:
2025:
2018:
2015:
2006:
2003:
1994:
1991:
1982:
1979:
1970:
1967:
1958:
1955:
1946:
1943:
1934:
1931:
1922:
1915:
1906:
1900:
1891:
1888:
1879:
1855:
1846:
1840:
1834:
1750:
1733:
1703:a) "Karimeen" (
1684:
1625:
1599:
1590:
1574:
1565:
1316:
1310:
1211:
1166:
1157:
1151:
1145:
1109:Cerbera odollam
952:
943:
904:
862:
795:Thevally Bridge
779:
714:Mantro Thuruthu
689:Bishop Thuruthu
659:
653:
636:
600:
586:
545:
521:
512:
503:
495:
487:
478:
469:
467:Thevally Kayal
456:
443:
438:
422:Downtown Kollam
353:defined by the
319:Kollam District
284:
263:
244:
240:
212:
180: countries
155:Primary inflows
141:
139:
135:
132:
127:
124:
122:
120:
119:
104:Kollam District
95:
94:
93:
92:
91:
90:
89:
85:
64:
46:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8103:
8093:
8092:
8087:
8082:
8077:
8072:
8067:
8062:
8057:
8040:
8039:
8037:
8036:
8026:
8015:
8012:
8011:
8008:
8007:
8005:
8004:
7999:
7994:
7989:
7983:
7981:
7977:
7976:
7974:
7973:
7966:Kollam Airport
7963:
7957:
7955:
7951:
7950:
7947:
7946:
7944:
7943:
7937:
7935:
7929:
7928:
7926:
7925:
7920:
7914:
7912:
7908:
7907:
7905:
7904:
7899:
7894:
7889:
7883:
7881:
7877:
7876:
7874:
7873:
7868:
7863:
7858:
7852:
7850:
7843:
7839:
7838:
7835:
7834:
7832:
7831:
7826:
7820:
7818:
7814:
7813:
7811:
7810:
7808:Residency Road
7805:
7800:
7795:
7790:
7784:
7782:
7778:
7777:
7775:
7774:
7769:
7764:
7759:
7754:
7748:
7746:
7742:
7741:
7739:
7738:
7733:
7728:
7722:
7720:
7713:
7709:
7708:
7696:
7695:
7692:
7691:
7689:
7688:
7683:
7678:
7673:
7667:
7665:
7661:
7660:
7658:
7657:
7652:
7647:
7642:
7637:
7635:Chathinamkulam
7632:
7627:
7621:
7619:
7615:
7614:
7612:
7611:
7606:
7601:
7596:
7591:
7586:
7581:
7576:
7571:
7569:Kochupilamoodu
7566:
7561:
7556:
7551:
7546:
7541:
7536:
7531:
7525:
7523:
7522:Central Kollam
7519:
7518:
7516:
7515:
7510:
7505:
7500:
7498:Ramankulangara
7495:
7490:
7485:
7480:
7475:
7469:
7467:
7463:
7462:
7460:
7459:
7454:
7449:
7444:
7439:
7434:
7428:
7426:
7422:
7421:
7418:Neighbourhoods
7409:
7408:
7405:
7404:
7402:
7401:
7396:
7390:
7388:
7384:
7383:
7381:
7380:
7375:
7370:
7365:
7360:
7354:
7352:
7348:
7347:
7345:
7344:
7339:
7334:
7328:
7326:
7322:
7321:
7319:
7318:
7313:
7308:
7303:
7298:
7292:
7290:
7286:
7285:
7283:
7282:
7277:
7272:
7267:
7261:
7259:
7255:
7254:
7252:
7251:
7245:
7243:
7237:
7236:
7226:
7225:
7223:
7222:
7217:
7212:
7207:
7202:
7197:
7192:
7186:
7184:
7180:
7179:
7177:
7176:
7171:
7166:
7161:
7156:
7151:
7146:
7141:
7136:
7131:
7125:
7123:
7117:
7116:
7114:
7113:
7108:
7103:
7098:
7092:
7090:
7086:
7085:
7083:
7082:
7079:
7074:
7069:
7064:
7059:
7054:
7049:
7044:
7038:
7036:
7030:
7029:
7027:
7026:
7021:
7016:
7011:
7005:
7003:
6999:
6998:
6996:
6991:
6986:
6981:
6979:St Thomas Fort
6976:
6971:
6966:
6961:
6956:
6951:
6946:
6944:
6938:
6937:
6935:
6934:
6931:
6928:
6925:
6922:
6919:
6916:
6911:
6906:
6904:
6899:
6893:
6890:
6889:
6887:
6886:
6881:
6876:
6870:
6868:
6861:
6855:
6854:
6852:
6851:
6846:
6841:
6836:
6831:
6829:St Thomas Fort
6826:
6821:
6816:
6811:
6806:
6801:
6796:
6791:
6786:
6781:
6776:
6771:
6766:
6761:
6756:
6750:
6748:
6742:
6741:
6739:
6738:
6733:
6730:
6725:
6720:
6715:
6710:
6705:
6700:
6695:
6690:
6685:
6680:
6675:
6670:
6664:
6662:
6656:
6655:
6653:
6652:
6647:
6642:
6637:
6632:
6627:
6622:
6617:
6611:
6609:
6606:Administration
6603:
6602:
6600:
6599:
6594:
6589:
6584:
6579:
6574:
6570:
6568:
6564:
6563:
6561:
6560:
6555:
6550:
6545:
6540:
6535:
6530:
6525:
6520:
6515:
6510:
6505:
6500:
6495:
6490:
6485:
6480:
6475:
6473:Asramam Maidan
6470:
6468:Kollam Parappu
6465:
6463:Ashtamudi Lake
6460:
6454:
6452:
6446:
6445:
6443:
6442:
6440:Kollam Airport
6437:
6432:
6427:
6422:
6420:St Thomas Fort
6417:
6412:
6407:
6402:
6397:
6392:
6387:
6382:
6377:
6372:
6367:
6362:
6357:
6352:
6347:
6342:
6337:
6331:
6329:
6323:
6322:
6315:
6314:
6307:
6300:
6292:
6283:
6282:
6280:
6279:
6274:
6268:
6266:
6260:
6259:
6254:
6252:
6246:
6245:
6243:
6242:
6237:
6232:
6227:
6222:
6217:
6212:
6207:
6202:
6197:
6191:
6189:
6183:
6182:
6180:
6179:
6173:
6171:
6165:
6164:
6162:
6161:
6156:
6151:
6146:
6141:
6136:
6131:
6126:
6121:
6116:
6111:
6106:
6101:
6096:
6090:
6088:
6082:
6081:
6079:
6078:
6073:
6067:
6065:
6059:
6058:
6056:
6055:
6050:
6045:
6040:
6038:Kanjli Wetland
6035:
6033:Harike Wetland
6030:
6024:
6022:
6016:
6015:
6013:
6012:
6007:
6005:Satkosia Gorge
6002:
5997:
5992:
5987:
5981:
5979:
5973:
5972:
5970:
5969:
5963:
5961:
5955:
5954:
5952:
5951:
5945:
5943:
5937:
5936:
5934:
5933:
5928:
5923:
5917:
5915:
5909:
5908:
5906:
5905:
5903:Yashwant Sagar
5900:
5895:
5890:
5884:
5882:
5880:Madhya Pradesh
5876:
5875:
5873:
5872:
5867:
5861:
5859:
5853:
5852:
5850:
5849:
5844:
5839:
5833:
5831:
5825:
5824:
5822:
5821:
5815:
5813:
5807:
5806:
5804:
5803:
5798:
5789:
5784:
5779:
5777:Hokera Wetland
5773:
5771:
5765:
5764:
5762:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5745:
5743:
5737:
5736:
5734:
5733:
5728:
5722:
5720:
5714:
5713:
5711:
5710:
5705:
5700:
5695:
5689:
5687:
5681:
5680:
5678:
5677:
5671:
5669:
5663:
5662:
5660:
5659:
5653:
5651:
5645:
5644:
5642:
5641:
5635:
5633:
5627:
5626:
5624:
5623:
5617:
5615:
5613:Andhra Pradesh
5609:
5608:
5601:
5600:
5593:
5586:
5578:
5569:
5568:
5566:
5565:
5551:
5539:
5527:
5514:
5511:
5510:
5508:
5507:
5502:
5497:
5492:
5487:
5481:
5479:
5475:
5474:
5472:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5451:
5446:
5441:
5436:
5431:
5426:
5421:
5416:
5411:
5406:
5401:
5396:
5391:
5386:
5381:
5375:
5373:
5369:
5368:
5366:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5323:Perunthenaruvi
5320:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5303:Palaruvi Falls
5300:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5204:
5202:
5198:
5197:
5195:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5168:
5166:
5162:
5161:
5159:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5136:Punnathurkotta
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5106:Maipady Palace
5103:
5098:
5096:Kuthira Malika
5093:
5088:
5083:
5081:Kowdiar Palace
5078:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5046:Halcyon Castle
5043:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5021:Arakkal Palace
5017:
5015:
5011:
5010:
5008:
5007:
5002:
4993:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4973:
4968:
4963:
4958:
4953:
4948:
4943:
4941:Arakkal Museum
4938:
4932:
4930:
4926:
4925:
4923:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4845:Illickal Kallu
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4820:Chekkunnu Mala
4817:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4790:Ambukuthi mala
4787:
4782:
4777:
4771:
4769:
4765:
4764:
4762:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4700:
4698:
4694:
4693:
4691:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4673:Vellayani Lake
4670:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4648:Padinjarechira
4645:
4640:
4635:
4633:Enamakkal Lake
4630:
4625:
4623:Ashtamudi Lake
4619:
4617:
4613:
4612:
4610:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4528:
4526:
4522:
4521:
4519:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4432:
4430:
4426:
4425:
4423:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4276:
4274:
4270:
4269:
4267:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4174:Mattupetty Dam
4171:
4166:
4161:
4159:Malampuzha Dam
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4134:Idamalayar Dam
4131:
4126:
4124:Cheruthoni Dam
4121:
4116:
4110:
4108:
4104:
4103:
4101:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4074:
4072:
4068:
4067:
4065:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4008:
4006:
4002:
4001:
3999:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3981:Thottada Beach
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3911:Munakkal Beach
3908:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3841:Azheekal beach
3838:
3832:
3830:
3826:
3825:
3823:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3776:
3774:
3770:
3769:
3767:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3749:Flora Fantasia
3746:
3740:
3738:
3734:
3733:
3731:
3730:
3725:
3720:Kollam Airport
3717:
3712:
3707:
3701:
3699:
3695:
3694:
3692:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3649:Chundan Vallam
3646:
3641:
3635:
3633:
3629:
3628:
3626:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3609:
3607:
3603:
3602:
3595:
3594:
3587:
3580:
3572:
3563:
3562:
3550:
3547:
3546:
3544:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3522:
3520:
3519:Related topics
3516:
3515:
3512:
3511:
3509:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3457:
3455:
3451:
3450:
3448:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3430:Chundan Vallam
3426:
3424:
3417:
3413:
3412:
3410:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3367:Muzhappilangad
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
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2809:-India website
2803:Ashtamudi Lake
2798:
2797:External links
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2094:Ashtamudi Lake
2060:
2048:on 2 June 2008
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6187:Uttar Pradesh
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6053:Ropar Wetland
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5782:Hygam Wetland
5780:
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5754:Pong Dam Lake
5752:
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5213:Aripara Falls
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5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5169:
5167:
5163:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5018:
5016:
5012:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4981:Napier Museum
4979:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4959:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4939:
4937:
4934:
4933:
4931:
4927:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4850:Kodikuthimala
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4830:Cheriyam hill
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4815:Banasura Hill
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4805:Arimbra hills
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4785:Ambanad Hills
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4772:
4770:
4766:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4701:
4699:
4695:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4620:
4618:
4614:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4587:Valiyaparamba
4585:
4583:
4582:Ramanthuruthu
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4562:Munroe Island
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4529:
4527:
4523:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4486:Palakkad Fort
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4466:Fort Emmanuel
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4433:
4431:
4427:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4355:Kollam Pooram
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4277:
4275:
4271:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4164:Malankara Dam
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4154:Karapuzha Dam
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4111:
4109:
4105:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4083:Edakkal Caves
4081:
4079:
4076:
4075:
4073:
4069:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4009:
4007:
4003:
3997:
3996:Varkala Beach
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3926:Muziris beach
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3833:
3831:
3827:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3777:
3775:
3771:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3741:
3739:
3735:
3729:
3726:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3702:
3700:
3696:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3636:
3634:
3630:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3610:
3608:
3606:Organisations
3604:
3600:
3593:
3588:
3586:
3581:
3579:
3574:
3573:
3570:
3560:
3548:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3523:
3521:
3517:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3496:Indira Gandhi
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3458:
3456:
3452:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3427:
3425:
3421:
3418:
3414:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3309:
3307:
3305:
3301:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3274:Pattathippara
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3249:Kumbhavurutty
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3231:
3229:
3225:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3175:
3173:
3171:
3164:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3122:Perinjankutti
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3047:Maruthappuzha
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3017:Kuthirappuzha
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2969:Kanjirappuzha
2967:
2965:
2964:Kalpathipuzha
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2929:Gayathripuzha
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2861:
2859:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2845:
2838:
2833:
2831:
2826:
2824:
2819:
2818:
2815:
2808:
2804:
2801:
2800:
2788:
2784:
2781:
2776:
2768:
2755:
2747:
2741:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2707:
2699:
2687:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2653:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2619:
2604:
2600:
2594:
2579:
2575:
2569:
2562:
2557:
2541:
2537:
2531:
2523:
2519:
2512:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2478:
2470:
2466:
2460:
2452:
2448:
2441:
2433:
2429:
2423:
2415:
2402:
2391:
2385:
2384:
2378:
2370:
2357:
2346:
2340:
2333:
2328:
2326:
2324:
2322:
2320:
2318:
2316:
2314:
2306:
2301:
2294:
2289:
2281:
2277:
2270:
2262:
2258:
2251:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2218:
2211:
2207:
2204:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2187:
2183:
2180:
2175:
2156:
2149:
2143:
2124:
2117:
2111:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2083:
2079:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2047:
2043:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2028:
2013:
2008:
2001:
1996:
1989:
1984:
1977:
1972:
1965:
1960:
1953:
1948:
1941:
1936:
1929:
1924:
1920:
1913:
1908:
1905:
1898:
1893:
1886:
1881:
1880:
1874:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1850:
1845:
1835:
1832:
1828:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1809:
1806:
1802:
1801:
1799:
1795:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1783:
1780:
1777:
1774:
1771:
1768:
1767:
1766:
1763:
1754:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1728:
1724:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1701:
1697:
1696:
1691:
1689:
1679:
1671:
1669:husk retting.
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1649:
1646:
1645:anthropogenic
1642:
1641:
1640:
1634:
1629:
1620:
1618:
1613:
1610:
1605:
1604:Munroe island
1594:
1585:
1582:
1578:
1569:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1544:
1540:
1537:
1535:West Kallada
1534:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1510:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1457:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1440:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1406:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1389:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1344:Thevalakkara
1343:
1340:
1337:
1336:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1319:
1311:
1307:
1305:
1304:Marcia recens
1301:
1297:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1269:
1266:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1218:
1215:
1206:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1171:phytoplankton
1161:
1156:
1146:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1082:Ceriops tagal
1080:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1018:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
989:
984:
980:
979:
974:
972:
967:
963:
961:
957:
947:
938:
934:
931:
928:
923:
918:
908:
899:
895:
893:
889:
885:
881:
878:
874:
870:
866:
852:
850:Mangad Bridge
849:
848:
844:
841:
840:
837:
834:
833:
829:
826:
825:
821:
818:
817:
813:
810:
809:
805:
802:
801:
797:
794:
793:
789:
786:
785:
782:
770:
768:
765:
764:
760:
757:
754:
753:
749:
746:
743:
742:
738:
735:
732:
731:
727:
724:
721:
720:
716:
713:
711:IInd Thuruthu
710:
709:
705:
702:
699:
698:
694:
691:
688:
687:
684:
681:
679:
673:
671:
670:Munroe Island
663:
658:
648:
644:
640:
631:
627:
624:
620:
616:
615:Western Ghats
612:
608:
604:
603:Kallada River
599:
598:Kallada River
592:Kallada River
590:
581:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
540:
537:
533:
528:
526:
516:
507:
501:Perumon Kayal
498:
490:
482:
473:
464:
460:
451:
447:
429:
423:
418:
414:
412:
407:
405:
400:
398:
393:
391:
387:
382:
380:
375:
371:
362:
358:
356:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
328:
324:
320:
316:
314:
308:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
278:
274:
271:
269:(Census Town)
266:
262:
257:
254:
250:
247:
243:
242:Munroe Island
239:
236:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
179:
175:
171:
169:
165:
162:
161:Kallada River
159:
157:
151:
146:
142:8.967; 76.583
118:
112:
109:
105:
102:
98:
76:
67:
60:
55:
50:
42:അഷ്ടമുടി കായൽ
38:
33:
30:
19:
7997:Kollam Canal
7968:
7932:Sheds &
7871:Chandanattop
7793:Coastal Road
7719:Bus stations
7681:Thamarakulam
7671:Pallithottam
7574:Mulamkadakam
7473:Anchalumoodu
7466:North Kollam
7425:South Kollam
7241:Universities
7183:Other topics
7077:Anglo-Indian
7024:H&J Mall
6954:Cashew House
6849:Thanni Beach
6804:Kollam Beach
6708:Techno-lodge
6630:Kollam Taluk
6573:Central Zone
6518:Paravur Lake
6503:Kollam Beach
6462:
6256:Asan Barrage
6076:Sambhar Lake
6010:Tampara Lake
5995:Chilika Lake
5985:Anshupa Lake
5967:Pala Wetland
5893:Sakhya Sagar
5888:Bhoj Wetland
5836:
5796:Mansar Lakes
5749:Chandra Taal
5621:Kolleru Lake
5553:
5546:
5534:
5522:
5500:Thrissur Zoo
5434:Pathiramanal
5343:Thommankuthu
5233:Charpa Falls
4875:Nelliampathi
4835:Elivai Malai
4825:Chembra Peak
4800:Anginda peak
4780:Agastya Mala
4714:Kovilthottam
4678:Vadakkechira
4658:Pookode Lake
4653:Paravur Lake
4643:Oranju Poika
4622:
4542:Gundu Island
4516:William Fort
4491:Paloor Kotta
4471:Hosdurg Fort
4436:Arikady Fort
4350:Keralotsavam
4249:Thenmala Dam
4239:Siruvani Dam
4234:Sholayar Dam
4229:Pothundi Dam
4199:Pazhassi Dam
4179:Meenkara Dam
4169:Mangalam Dam
4129:Chimmony Dam
3901:Marari Beach
3881:Kollam Beach
3856:Cherai Beach
3800:Kandanissery
3744:Fantasy Park
3541:Pathiramanal
3491:Nehru Trophy
3392:Snehatheeram
3387:Shankumugham
3289:Thusharagiri
3239:Athirappilly
3203:Sasthamkotta
3177:
3152:Valapattanam
3112:Parambikulam
3087:Pallichelaru
3072:Muvattupuzha
3067:Muthirapuzha
2974:Kannadipuzha
2775:
2763:|title=
2740:
2728:. Retrieved
2716:
2706:
2674:. Retrieved
2662:
2652:
2640:. Retrieved
2628:
2618:
2606:. Retrieved
2602:
2593:
2581:. Retrieved
2577:
2568:
2556:
2544:. Retrieved
2540:Pensoft blog
2539:
2530:
2521:
2511:
2499:. Retrieved
2487:
2477:
2468:
2459:
2450:
2440:
2431:
2422:
2401:cite journal
2390:
2382:
2377:
2356:cite journal
2339:
2300:
2288:
2279:
2269:
2260:
2250:
2238:. Retrieved
2226:
2217:
2174:
2162:. Retrieved
2142:
2130:. Retrieved
2123:the original
2086:. Retrieved
2082:the original
2050:. Retrieved
2046:the original
1921:on its banks
1863:Jayabharathi
1856:
1847:
1833:
1829:
1826:
1759:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1725:
1702:
1699:
1694:
1693:
1685:
1676:
1638:
1614:
1600:
1591:
1588:Coir retting
1583:
1579:
1575:
1566:
1448:Thrikkaruva
1309:
1303:
1299:
1272:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1216:
1212:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1167:
1158:
1144:
1138:
1132:
1126:
1120:
1114:
1108:
1102:
1087:
1081:
1075:
1069:
1063:
1057:
1051:
1045:
1039:
1033:
1027:
1015:
1009:
986:
982:
976:
969:
965:
958:
953:
944:
935:
932:
922:Thenmala Dam
913:
896:
863:
780:
744:Padappakkara
739:Poothuruthu
682:
677:
674:
668:
645:
641:
637:
628:
619:Kulathupuzha
611:Kulathupuzha
601:
547:Considering
546:
529:
522:
513:
504:
496:
488:
479:
470:
461:
457:
448:
444:
408:
401:
394:
383:
378:
367:
345:
341:
337:
325:is a unique
310:
306:
305:
267:
258:
208:Water volume
192:Surface area
29:
8034:WikiProject
7987:Kollam Port
7664:West Kollam
7618:East Kollam
7589:Polayathode
7584:Pattathanam
7559:Kadappakada
7513:Vallikeezhu
7457:Valathungal
7452:Vadakkevila
7437:Koottikkada
6747:attractions
6718:Kollam Port
6587:Vadakkevila
6513:Vattakkayal
6345:Kollam Port
6264:West Bengal
6250:Uttarakhand
6235:Sur Sarovar
5949:Loktak Lake
5931:Thane Creek
5913:Maharashtra
5898:Sirpur Lake
5759:Renuka Lake
5657:Kanwar Lake
5639:Deepor Beel
5548:WikiProject
5238:Cheeyappara
4996:Teak Museum
4920:Vellarimala
4900:Urakam Hill
4880:Paithalmala
4697:Lighthouses
4683:Vanchikulam
4668:Veeranpuzha
4628:Biyyam Lake
4592:Vallarpadam
4577:Pulinkunnoo
4557:Kuruvadweep
4264:Walayar Dam
4259:Vazhani Dam
4224:Poomala Dam
4219:Ponmudi Dam
3976:Tanur beach
3896:Mappila Bay
3846:Bekal beach
3780:Anchuthengu
3754:Kottakkunnu
3684:Vallam kali
3461:Vallam kali
3435:Kettuvallam
3397:Tanur Beach
3382:Payyambalam
3234:Aruvikkuzhy
3218:Veeranpuzha
3142:Thuthapuzha
3132:Punnappuzha
3102:Pandippuzha
3022:Madatharuvi
3007:Kunthipuzha
3002:Kottappuzha
2894:Chalippuzha
2879:Ayalurpuzha
2869:Ambankadavu
2844:Hydrography
2694:|last=
2546:20 December
2088:20 November
1867:Adoor Bhasi
1762:New Zealand
1380:Neendakara
1333:Population
1324:Settlement
1002:eco-tourism
994:Terrestrial
962:officinalis
728:Peringalam
536:Velu Thampi
379:cheena vala
252:Settlements
140: /
115:Coordinates
8049:Categories
7866:Kilikollur
7861:Eravipuram
7781:City roads
7676:Tangasseri
7650:Kilikollur
7609:Uliyakovil
7549:Chinnakada
7539:Cantonment
7529:Andamukkam
7483:Kureepuzha
7447:Thattamala
7432:Eravipuram
6974:SMP Palace
6859:Healthcare
6592:Eravipuram
6582:Kilikollur
6395:Tangasseri
6086:Tamil Nadu
5926:Lonar Lake
5801:Wular Lake
5698:Nalsarovar
5675:Nanda Lake
5201:Waterfalls
4915:Vavul Mala
4910:Vagavurrai
4724:Manakkodam
4709:Tangasseri
4638:Mananchira
4476:Nedumkotta
4446:Bekal Fort
4335:Kanyarkali
4280:Aanayoottu
4204:Peechi Dam
4189:Neyyar Dam
4139:Idukki Dam
4005:Boat races
3876:Kappkadavu
3815:Tangasseri
3795:Kadavallur
3440:Palliyodam
3337:Kappkadavu
3284:Soochipara
3227:Waterfalls
3107:Papanasini
3077:Neerppuzha
3032:Malampuzha
2984:Karimpuzha
2924:Edamalayar
2914:Cheruthoni
2909:Cherupuzha
2864:Achankovil
2789:Fact sheet
2603:Onmanorama
2578:Onmanorama
2522:University
2488:dx.doi.org
2280:University
2261:University
2240:28 January
2132:7 February
2052:14 October
2023:References
1902:Lake near
1859:Prem Nazir
1705:pearl spot
1330:Household
1283:palaemonid
1183:Cyclotella
973:caseolaris
971:Sonneratia
888:sandstones
865:Quaternary
655:See also:
634:Neendakara
584:Topography
532:Ibn Batuta
386:Neendakara
317:), in the
289:Designated
200:Max. depth
7969:(defunct)
7798:Port Road
7705:Transport
7594:Pullikada
7579:Mundakkal
7544:Chamakada
7488:Maruthadi
7234:Education
6994:The Raviz
6941:Buildings
6533:Polachira
6523:Pozhikara
6450:Geography
6063:Rajasthan
5865:Tsomoriri
5811:Karnataka
5703:Thol Lake
5693:Khijadiya
5524:Templates
4810:Attappadi
4768:Mountains
4754:Kozhikode
4719:Alappuzha
4704:Vizhinjam
4461:East Fort
4273:Festivals
3723:(Defunct)
3669:Puli Kali
3362:Mundakkal
3357:Meenkunnu
3312:Alappuzha
3294:Vazhachal
3198:Punnamada
3178:Ashtamudi
3117:Payaswini
3052:Meenachil
2992:Korapuzha
2949:Kadalundi
2939:Ithikkara
2919:Chulliyar
2889:Chalakudy
2725:0971-751X
2717:The Hindu
2686:cite news
2671:0971-751X
2663:The Hindu
2637:0971-751X
2629:The Hindu
2451:The Hindu
2235:0971-751X
2227:The Hindu
2164:7 January
1647:pressure.
1431:Mulavana
1288:, edible
1191:Gyrozigma
1179:Borosigma
960:Avicennia
956:mangroves
902:Hydrology
790:Connects
609:from the
374:Alappuzha
350:Malayalam
338:Ashtamudi
330:ecosystem
49:Malayalam
8024:Category
7880:Services
7849:Stations
7803:QAC Road
7645:Karicode
7599:Thevally
7554:Cutchery
7493:Mathilil
6350:Nelcynda
5792:Surinsar
5536:Category
5000:Nilambur
4870:Mukurthi
4775:Aathanad
4734:Azhikode
4688:Vembanad
4567:Parumala
4340:Karivela
4285:Aaraattu
3810:Pattanam
3764:Wonderla
3698:Airports
3481:Aranmula
3269:Palaruvi
3264:Oliyarik
3213:Vembanad
3062:Mullayar
3042:Manimala
3037:Mangalam
3012:Kurumali
2979:Karamana
2899:Chaliyar
2783:Archived
2754:cite web
2206:Archived
2182:Archived
2155:Archived
1663:ceramics
1659:aluminum
1643:Intense
1518:Chavara
1484:Perinad
1465:Panayam
1203:Nitzschi
1199:Navicula
1195:Meloziva
1187:Cymbella
1164:Wildlife
884:laterite
880:alluvium
869:Tertiary
573:Alleppey
334:Vembanad
100:Location
7842:Railway
7625:Ayathil
7564:Karbala
7534:Asramam
7478:Kavanad
7442:Mevaram
7351:Schools
7034:Culture
7019:RP Mall
6745:Visitor
6660:Economy
6385:Kundara
6380:Paravur
6327:History
6169:Tripura
5959:Mizoram
5941:Manipur
5870:Tso Kar
5718:Haryana
5685:Gujarat
5014:Palaces
4929:Museums
4905:Vagamon
4895:Poomala
4890:Ponmudi
4860:Marayur
4795:Anamudi
4749:Beypore
4744:Ponnani
4739:Chetwai
4572:Pizhala
4552:Kavvayi
4525:Islands
3946:Ponnani
3886:Kovalam
3829:Beaches
3759:Vismaya
3407:Varkala
3347:Kovalam
3304:Beaches
3254:Manalar
3193:Paravur
3166:Lakes,
3127:Periyar
2997:Korayar
2959:Kallayi
2954:Kallada
1877:Gallery
1717:Varkala
1713:Paravur
1688:Kundara
1667:coconut
1597:Tourism
1572:Fishing
1556:277172
1279:penaeid
1275:copepod
1175:Amphora
992:in the
988:Calamus
941:Climate
917:estuary
877:fluvial
860:Geology
787:Bridges
623:wetland
607:Ponmudi
577:Paravur
519:History
327:wetland
265:Kundara
233:Islands
128:76°35′E
6319:Kollam
6020:Punjab
5977:Odisha
5857:Ladakh
5829:Kerala
4759:Kannur
3951:Poovar
3866:Kappad
3664:Pooram
3352:Marari
3342:Kollam
3332:Kappad
3327:Cherai
3244:Charpa
3097:Pambar
3082:Neyyar
2944:Kabini
2856:Rivers
2848:Kerala
2730:6 June
2723:
2676:6 June
2669:
2642:6 June
2635:
2608:6 June
2583:6 June
2501:6 June
2233:
1919:Quilon
1815:rubber
1805:marine
1721:Kannur
1709:mullet
1673:banks)
1633:Kollam
1553:69532
1546:Total
1532:Rural
1515:Rural
1507:39285
1498:Urban
1490:35173
1481:Urban
1471:25607
1462:Urban
1454:25432
1445:Urban
1437:35887
1428:Rural
1420:21820
1411:Rural
1394:Rural
1386:16976
1377:Urban
1369:16937
1360:Rural
1350:42977
1347:10473
1341:Rural
1286:Prawns
1209:Fishes
1160:Lake.
998:marine
990:rotang
985:) and
873:marine
613:hills
565:Kerala
549:Kollam
543:Access
390:cashew
370:Kollam
323:Kerala
256:Kollam
125:8°58′N
108:Kerala
45:
7980:Water
7911:Lines
6567:Zones
6365:Venad
5649:Bihar
5631:Assam
4729:Vypin
4616:Lakes
4602:Vypin
4429:Forts
4071:Caves
3454:Races
3423:Types
3416:Boats
3317:Bekal
3168:dams
3147:Tirur
3092:Pamba
2348:(PDF)
2158:(PDF)
2151:(PDF)
2126:(PDF)
2119:(PDF)
1541:1167
1524:6857
1521:1689
1504:9845
1487:8719
1468:6415
1451:6307
1434:9289
1417:5603
1403:9054
1400:2407
1383:4087
1366:4388
1327:Name
1321:S.No
1290:crabs
950:Flora
927:paddy
892:clays
342:Ashta
183:India
178:Basin
7712:Road
5478:Zoos
4390:Onam
4107:Dams
3027:Mahé
2767:help
2732:2024
2721:ISSN
2698:help
2678:2024
2667:ISSN
2644:2024
2633:ISSN
2610:2024
2585:2024
2548:2018
2503:2024
2414:help
2369:help
2242:2016
2231:ISSN
2166:2008
2134:2011
2090:2007
2054:2008
1869:and
1819:rice
1715:and
1635:city
1538:310
1281:and
1201:and
1006:IUCN
968:and
890:and
875:and
867:and
397:coir
346:mudi
7954:Air
5667:Goa
3445:Uru
2846:of
2805:on
2492:doi
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1512:11
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