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Assamese people

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358: 1134:"The idea of a composite Assamese or Asomiya 'jati' or nationality took shape during the later part of the Ahom rule. This process had started during the first Muslim invasion from neighbouring Bengal in the 16th century when the people were brought under an Ahom or Assamese banner against the common enemy. Not only were the Ahom successful in repelling the Muslim invasions, but by the 1530s the Ahoms had freed the greater part of Kamrup and Kamata from Muslim occupation and "extended their dominion right up to the Karatoya in Murshidabad in the west and almost to close proximity of Dacc". ( 267: 120: 1199:"he demographic break-up of the Assamese society on the eve of British entry into the province may be said to have included the different ethnic groups brought within the Hindu fold, the caste Hindus, the plains tribal communities and the relatively small number of Assamese Muslims...It is, however, interesting to note that common 19th and early 20th century perceptions about the Assamese nationality were limited almost exclusively to only those people who lived in the Brahmaputra valley." ( 189: 80: 1212:"Here I will follow the lead of Wendy Doniger, who suggests that the development of Hinduism as a whole in South Asia was not simply a process of Sanskritisation, that is, the absorption of non-Hindu traditions into the brahminic system; rather, it also involved a process of ‘Deshification’, that is, the influence of local (deshi) and indigenous cultures on brahmaic religion and the mutual interaction between Sanskritic and deshi traditions." ( 159: 98: 242: 169: 1561: 179: 62: 476:(1682 CE) when the Ahoms took direct control over western Brahmaputra valley. Many Muslim soldiers and professionals who had accompanied invading armies or immigrated peacefully since the 13th century, including those from the 16th century, were given power and eminence by the Ahom kings, and they in turn helped the Ahoms in repelling the Mughals. This was also the time when the 199: 1160:"The Ahom rulers gave positions of power and eminence to the Assamese Muslims and the latter took active part in resisting successive Mughal attempts to overrun the region. The assimilation of this segment of Muslims into Assamese society was so complete that the historians who accompanied the Mughal expeditions into Assam noted that they were more Assamese than Muslim." ( 1147:"During the rule of the Ahom monarch, Pratap Singha (1603-41) consolidation of the Assamese community was further sped up because of the common fight against Mughal incursions and encroachment on Assam territory. The Ahom victory over the Mughals in early 1616 was followed by the defeat of the Mughal army led by Ram Singh in the Battle of Saraighat in March 1671" ( 788:"All this suggests that Assamese nationalism was a post-British phenomenon. As an ideology and movement it took shape only during the second half of the 19th century, when such questions as the preservation and promotion of the mother-tongue, jobs for the sons of the soil and concern over colonial constraints on development, began to stir Assamese minds." ( 142: 385:, due to linguistically and culturally heterogeneous population. Though there is a political dispute over the definition of Assamese people, in general; the people belonging to the state of Assam are referred sometimes as Assamese people or more appropriately as People of Assam. The lack of a definition has put stumbling blocks in implementing 316:, where they are native and constitute around 56% of the Valley's population. The use of the term precedes the name of the language or the people. It has also been used retrospectively to the people of Assam before the term "Assamese" came into use. They are an ethnically diverse group formed after centuries of assimilation of 495:
On the eve of British colonialism in the early 19th century the Assamese society consisted of the hinduised ethnic groups, the caste Hindu groups, the plain tribal groups, and the Assamese Muslims; and the expression of Assamese nationalism in the 19th/20th-century was confined to the Brahmaputra
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populations, and constitute a tribal-caste continuum—though not all Assamese people are Hindus and ethnic Assamese Muslims numbering around 42 lakh (4,200,000) constitute a significant part of this identity. The total population of Assamese speakers in Assam is nearly 15.09 million which makes up
1173:"Incidentally, literate Ahoms retained the Tai language and script well until the end of the 17th century. In that century of Ahom-Mughal conflicts, this language first coexisted with and then was progressively replaced by Assamese (Asamiya) at and outside the Court." ( 525:;—and all Assam's kings were originally non-Indo-Aryan who were gradually Sanskritised. This enabled many of the common folks to follow the ruling classes into Sanskritisation and also bring along with them elements of their own local customs and religions. 831:
the group that now identifies as Tai–Ahom were historically seen as Assamese people. However, the term ethnic Assamese is now associated by the Indian government at Delhi with the Assamese speaking Indo-Aryan group (comprising both Hindus and Muslims) of
801:"Assamese micro-nationalism began in the middle of the nineteenth century as an assertion of the autonomy and distinctiveness of Assamese language and culture against the British colonial view of Assam as a periphery of Bengal." ( 1024:: "Constitutional, legislative and administrative safeguards, as may be appropriate, shall be provided to protect, preserve and promote the cultural, social and linguistic identity and heritage of the Assamese people." 541:
institutions created a path for individuals of tribal origins to traverse the tribal-caste continuum. Tribal people could take initiation at a Sattra—and a neophyte would be called a
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The name "Assamese" is of British colonial coinage of the 19th and 20th century. Assamese is an English word meaning "of Assam"—though most Assamese people live in Assam, not all the
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Despite the lack of a legal definition, social scientists consider the Assamese identity to constitute a tribal-caste continuum that has been the result of a historical process.
445:(1497–1539) to resist a common enemy. The kingdom not only succeeded in resisting the invasion, but a general pursued the invaders to the Karatoya river and freed most of the 848: 1238:"Virtually all of Assam's kings, from the fourth-century Varmans down to the eighteenth-century Ahoms, came from non-Aryan tribes that were only gradually Sanskritised."( 492:
converted to different forms of Hinduism in the 17th-18th century and a composite Assamese identity comprising caste-Hindus, tribals and Assamese Muslims began to form.
959:—"sed to form adjectives and nouns describing things and characteristics of a city, region, or country, such as the people and the language spoken by these people." 731: 1578: 1693: 1034: 973: 751: 1121: 1072: 1051: 2322: 1091: 861:"Assamese language and literature played a major role in forming the Assamese cultural mind even before they came to be known as Assamese." ( 401:
in 1985. Since a legal definition is important to provide "constitutional, legislative and cultural" safeguards to the Assamese people, the
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in the court and outside. As a result of the Ahom kings increasingly patronising Hinduism alongside the proselytising activities of
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identity that has been described at various times as nationalistic or micro-nationalistic. This group is often associated with the
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Baruah, Sanjib (1994). "'Ethnic' Conflict as State—Society Struggle: The Poetics and Politics of Assamese Micro-Nationalism".
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All those whose names appeared in the 1951 National Register of Citizens and their progenies should be considered as Assamese
255: 2803: 874:"Yet once the community adopted Assamese as its name, even their ancient language started to be referred to as Assamese." ( 836:. The latter group is the majority people of Assam, while the Tai-Ahom people were a dominant minority during the Ahom Rule 583:
and often the pontiffs of Sattra's were Brahmins called Goswamis. Some of these Goswamis were a few generations earlier
1527: 1390: 902: 824: 775:"As an socio-ethnic linguistic community, Assamese culture evolved through many centuries in a melting pot syndrome." ( 849:"Battleground Assam a tale of two valleys and the CAA quandary Assam bengal polls 2021 | Opinion News – India TV" 280: 1831: 1493:
Sharma, Chandan Kumar (2009). "Tribe Caste Continuum and the Formation of Assamese Identity". In Medhi, B.K (ed.).
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peoples to become Assamese peasants, especially in Upper and Central Assam; and it was noted that some kayastha
587:, and some Kayastha pontiffs were earlier tribal and low caste. It is this process by which many groups such as 2260: 1846: 510: 2327: 1955: 1803: 1627: 1609: 1592: 2793: 2281: 2203: 2113: 2003: 1700: 1856: 1836: 1826: 1783: 1636: 1618: 1600: 658: 1410:"The Ahom Political System: An Enquiry into the State Formation Process in Medieval Assam (1228-1714)" 2767: 2519: 2432: 2180: 465: 2788: 2240: 692:
Mikael Parkvall, "Världens 100 största språk 2007" (The World's 100 Largest Languages in 2007), in
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had announced a definition on 10 April 2000 which was based on residency with a temporal limit:
1998: 1980: 1970: 1003: 357: 2362: 1813: 1663: 1640: 732:"Assamese rockstar in Bangladesh challenges CAAcophony | Guwahati News - Times of India" 707: 892: 405:
had formed a ministerial committee to finalise the definition in March 2007. To address the
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Guha, Amalendu (1984). "Nationalism: Pan-Indian and Regional in a Historical Perspective".
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and deshification processes beginning in the 5th–8th century during the reign of the
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The Government of Assam faced difficulties in defining Assamese people for
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Misra, Udayon (1999). "Immigration and Identity Transformation in Assam".
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that emerged in the 16th century and the proselytising activities of the
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Deka, Harekrishna (2005). "The Assamese Mind: contours of a landscape".
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in the early 16th century and the people banded together under
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The process of identity formation sped up during the rule of
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Linguistic Survey of India: Indo-Aryan Family Eastern Group
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is the English suffix with etymological roots in the Latin
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Assamese as a nationalistic identity was seeded when the
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Fragmented Memories: Struggling to be Tai-Ahom in India
916: 914: 579:. At the end of this tribal-caste continuum were the 141: 911: 686: 333:48.38% of the population of state according to the 1495:Tribes of North-East India: Issues and Challenges 2780: 1497:. Delhi: Omsons Publications. pp. 354–366. 752:"Mission roots brings Assamese Sikhs to Punjab" 488:since the 16th-century—a large section of the 393:, an agreement signed by the activists of the 1543: 974:"Assamese People" definition rocks Assembly, 887: 1550: 1536: 700: 509:Scholars believe that with the arrival of 529:Social movement due to Ekasarana religion 308:, and Assamese people mostly live in the 1388: 948: 499: 356: 1358: 1304: 1089: 505:Social movement due to state formations 2781: 2428:Joymati, first Assamese motion picture 1492: 1321: 1291: 1278: 1265: 1252: 1226: 1111:, The Sentinel, Guwahati, 1 April 2007 921: 814: 802: 1531: 1501: 1471: 1239: 1213: 1200: 1187: 1161: 1148: 1135: 437:came under repeated attacks from the 429:Origins of the nationalistic identity 1442: 1407: 1370:India International Centre Quarterly 1367: 1174: 1049:1.40 lakh aliens deported since 1971 875: 862: 789: 776: 54:Regions with significant populations 16:Socio-ethnolinguistic group in India 1122:AASU flays Barman, Prafulla Mahanta 513:in Assam, there was a simultaneous 13: 2323:List of Assamese writers Pen Names 1080:, The Assam Tribune, 31 March 2007 1059:, The Assam Tribune, 27 March 2007 14: 2815: 1784:Legislative Assembly (Since 1937) 1125:, The Assam Tribune, 1 April 2007 1090:Hussain, Wasbir (24 April 2000). 1694:Institutions of higher education 1559: 1408:Guha, Amalendu (December 1983), 265: 258:, you may see errors in display. 240: 197: 187: 177: 167: 157: 140: 118: 96: 78: 60: 1641:Dipterocarpus retusus (Hollong) 1297: 1284: 1271: 1258: 1245: 1232: 1219: 1206: 1193: 1180: 1167: 1154: 1141: 1128: 1114: 1102: 1083: 1062: 1041: 1027: 1014: 996: 966: 941: 927: 881: 868: 855: 2333:The Arunodoi (Orunodoi - 1846) 1070:Move to define Assamese people 1038:, The Telegraph, 15 July 2004. 841: 808: 795: 782: 769: 744: 724: 1: 1474:Economic and Political Weekly 1314: 549:successively advanced to the 545:if he still took liquor. A 365:(depicting from top to down: 352: 2328:List of Assamese Periodicals 1779:Assam Province (1912 – 1947) 1508:The Journal of Hindu Studies 1010:. Chandigarh. 24 March 2013. 340: 7: 2804:Ethnic groups in South Asia 1389:Grierson, G A, ed. (1903). 1109:AASU joins 'Asomiya' debate 642: 480:progressively replaced the 349:today are Assamese people. 10: 2820: 2132:Barak Valley (South Assam) 1632:Foxtail Orchids (Kopouful) 659:Assamese Language Movement 423: 18: 2753: 2662: 2528: 2520:List of people from Assam 2441: 2433:Guwahati Theatre Festival 2348:Assam Rhetorical Congress 2280: 2179: 2169:The Hill station of Assam 2112: 2080: 2022: 1979: 1911: 1878: 1865: 1812: 1739: 1649: 1591: 1576: 1336:10.1017/S0026749X00011896 1035:Assam dithers over Accord 897:. Duke University Press. 819:. Duke University Press. 472:in 1671; and finally the 216: 211: 134: 129: 117: 112: 94: 76: 58: 53: 41: 36: 2127:Lower-Assam (West Assam) 2122:Upper-Assam (East Assam) 1359:Cantile, Audrey (1984). 1004:"Meet the Axomiya Sikhs" 679: 361:Tribal ethnicities from 19:Not to be confused with 1971:South Salmara Mankachar 1847:Human rights Commission 1502:Urban, Hugh B. (2011). 1092:"Of natives and aliens" 815:Saikia, Yasmin (2004). 631:from Muslim, Kaibarta, 335:Language census of 2011 285:question marks or boxes 2799:Ethnic groups in India 1804:Assam History Timeline 378: 273:This article contains 248:This article contains 982:Special Correspondent 627:had himself instated 500:Tribe-Caste continuum 360: 250:the Assamese alphabet 212:Related ethnic groups 2261:Textiles and dresses 2214:Folk dances of Assam 2004:Karbi Anglong (West) 1827:Legislative Assembly 1324:Modern Asian Studies 695:Nationalencyklopedin 490:Bodo-Kachari peoples 218:Bodo-Kachari peoples 2758:Fairs and Festivals 2373:Saptakanda Ramayana 2308:Assamese literature 2147:Mora Dhansiri River 1799:Golaghat Convention 1075:29 May 2007 at the 1054:29 May 2007 at the 894:Fragmented Memories 891:(9 November 2004). 851:. 18 February 2021. 674:Demography of Assam 555:group (also called 470:Battle of Saraighat 466:repeated incursions 460:(1603–41) when the 403:Government of Assam 399:Government of India 306:Indo-Aryan language 47: 15.3 million 33: 2794:Indo-Aryan peoples 2592:and its variations 2538:and its variations 2388:Goalpariya Lokgeet 2204:Traditional crafts 1701:Physical geography 1669:Brahmaputra Valley 1520:10.1093/jhs/hir034 756:The Times of India 740:. 7 February 2020. 737:The Times of India 607:s were originally 474:Battle of Itakhuli 468:from 1615 and the 379: 363:Brahmaputra Valley 310:Brahmaputra Valley 304:, the easternmost 222:Indo-Aryan peoples 31: 2776: 2775: 2343:The Assam Tribune 2194:Assamese alphabet 2189:Assamese language 2137:Brahmaputra River 2108: 2107: 1623:White-winged duck 1614:Indian rhinoceros 1605:O Mur Apunar Desh 1480:(21): 1264–1271. 649:Assamese Brahmins 575:-Keot and then a 478:Assamese language 302:Assamese language 298:ethnic linguistic 281:rendering support 256:rendering support 236: 235: 2811: 2529:Notable surnames 2231:Ekasarana Dharma 1876: 1875: 1564: 1563: 1562: 1552: 1545: 1538: 1529: 1528: 1523: 1498: 1489: 1468: 1445:Social Scientist 1439: 1417:Social Scientist 1414: 1404: 1402: 1400: 1385: 1376:(2/3): 189–202. 1364: 1355: 1308: 1301: 1295: 1288: 1282: 1275: 1269: 1262: 1256: 1249: 1243: 1236: 1230: 1223: 1217: 1210: 1204: 1197: 1191: 1184: 1178: 1171: 1165: 1158: 1152: 1145: 1139: 1132: 1126: 1118: 1112: 1106: 1100: 1099: 1087: 1081: 1066: 1060: 1045: 1039: 1031: 1025: 1018: 1012: 1011: 1000: 994: 993: 991: 989: 970: 964: 945: 939: 938: 931: 925: 918: 909: 908: 885: 879: 872: 866: 859: 853: 852: 845: 839: 838: 812: 806: 799: 793: 786: 780: 773: 767: 766: 764: 762: 748: 742: 741: 728: 722: 721: 719: 717: 712: 704: 698: 690: 535:Ekasarana dharma 486:Ekasarana Dharma 439:Bengal Sultanate 269: 268: 244: 243: 201: 191: 181: 171: 161: 144: 122: 102: 100: 99: 84: 82: 81: 66: 64: 63: 48: 37:Total population 34: 30: 2819: 2818: 2814: 2813: 2812: 2810: 2809: 2808: 2789:Assamese people 2779: 2778: 2777: 2772: 2749: 2725:North Lakhimpur 2658: 2524: 2488:Tribes of Assam 2456:Assamese people 2437: 2313:Assamese poetry 2289: 2276: 2175: 2104: 2076: 2018: 1975: 1907: 1861: 1857:Political Party 1832:Chief Ministers 1808: 1769:Kachari Kingdom 1735: 1645: 1587: 1572: 1560: 1558: 1556: 1526: 1457:10.2307/3517093 1429:10.2307/3516963 1412: 1398: 1396: 1363:. 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Also, 940: 926: 910: 904:978-0822333739 903: 880: 867: 854: 840: 826:978-0822386162 825: 807: 794: 781: 768: 743: 723: 699: 684: 683: 681: 678: 677: 676: 671: 666: 664:Music of Assam 661: 656: 651: 644: 641: 530: 527: 519:Varman dynasty 506: 503: 501: 498: 430: 427: 425: 422: 395:Assam Movement 354: 351: 342: 339: 283:, you may see 271: 264: 263: 262: 246: 239: 238: 237: 234: 233: 214: 213: 209: 208: 206: 205: 195: 185: 175: 165: 154: 132: 131: 127: 126: 115: 114: 110: 109: 106: 92: 91: 88: 74: 73: 70: 56: 55: 51: 50: 39: 38: 27: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2816: 2805: 2802: 2800: 2797: 2795: 2792: 2790: 2787: 2786: 2784: 2769: 2766: 2764: 2763:Hindu Temples 2761: 2759: 2756: 2755: 2752: 2746: 2743: 2741: 2738: 2736: 2733: 2731: 2728: 2726: 2723: 2721: 2718: 2716: 2713: 2711: 2708: 2706: 2703: 2701: 2698: 2696: 2693: 2691: 2688: 2686: 2683: 2681: 2678: 2676: 2673: 2671: 2668: 2667: 2665: 2661: 2654: 2651: 2649: 2646: 2644: 2641: 2639: 2636: 2634: 2631: 2629: 2626: 2624: 2621: 2618: 2615: 2613: 2610: 2608: 2605: 2602: 2600: 2597: 2595: 2593: 2588: 2586: 2583: 2581: 2578: 2576: 2573: 2571: 2568: 2566: 2563: 2561: 2558: 2556: 2553: 2551: 2548: 2546: 2543: 2541: 2539: 2534: 2533: 2531: 2527: 2521: 2518: 2514: 2511: 2509: 2506: 2504: 2501: 2499: 2496: 2494: 2491: 2490: 2489: 2486: 2482: 2479: 2477: 2474: 2472: 2469: 2467: 2464: 2462: 2459: 2458: 2457: 2454: 2452: 2449: 2448: 2446: 2444: 2440: 2434: 2431: 2429: 2426: 2424: 2421: 2419: 2416: 2414: 2411: 2409: 2406: 2404: 2401: 2399: 2396: 2394: 2391: 2389: 2386: 2384: 2381: 2379: 2376: 2374: 2371: 2369: 2366: 2364: 2361: 2359: 2356: 2354: 2351: 2349: 2346: 2344: 2341: 2339: 2336: 2334: 2331: 2329: 2326: 2324: 2321: 2319: 2318:List of poets 2316: 2314: 2311: 2309: 2306: 2304: 2301: 2300: 2298: 2296: 2292: 2287: 2283: 2279: 2273: 2271: 2267: 2262: 2259: 2257: 2254: 2252: 2249: 2247: 2244: 2242: 2239: 2237: 2234: 2232: 2229: 2225: 2222: 2220: 2217: 2216: 2215: 2212: 2210: 2207: 2205: 2202: 2200: 2197: 2195: 2192: 2190: 2187: 2186: 2184: 2182: 2178: 2172: 2170: 2165: 2163: 2160: 2158: 2155: 2153: 2150: 2148: 2145: 2143: 2140: 2138: 2135: 2133: 2130: 2128: 2125: 2123: 2120: 2119: 2117: 2115: 2111: 2101: 2098: 2096: 2093: 2091: 2088: 2087: 2085: 2083: 2079: 2073: 2070: 2068: 2065: 2063: 2060: 2058: 2055: 2053: 2050: 2048: 2045: 2043: 2040: 2038: 2035: 2033: 2030: 2029: 2027: 2025: 2021: 2015: 2012: 2010: 2007: 2005: 2002: 2000: 1999:Karbi Anglong 1997: 1995: 1992: 1990: 1987: 1986: 1984: 1982: 1981:Central Assam 1978: 1972: 1969: 1967: 1964: 1962: 1959: 1957: 1954: 1952: 1949: 1947: 1944: 1942: 1939: 1937: 1934: 1932: 1929: 1927: 1924: 1922: 1919: 1918: 1916: 1914: 1910: 1904: 1901: 1899: 1896: 1894: 1891: 1889: 1886: 1885: 1883: 1881: 1877: 1874: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1858: 1855: 1853: 1850: 1848: 1845: 1843: 1840: 1838: 1835: 1833: 1830: 1828: 1825: 1823: 1820: 1819: 1817: 1815: 1811: 1805: 1802: 1800: 1797: 1795: 1792: 1790: 1787: 1785: 1782: 1780: 1777: 1775: 1772: 1770: 1767: 1765: 1762: 1760: 1757: 1755: 1752: 1750: 1747: 1746: 1744: 1742: 1738: 1732: 1729: 1727: 1724: 1722: 1719: 1717: 1714: 1712: 1709: 1707: 1704: 1702: 1699: 1695: 1692: 1691: 1690: 1687: 1685: 1682: 1680: 1677: 1675: 1672: 1670: 1667: 1665: 1662: 1660: 1657: 1656: 1654: 1652: 1648: 1642: 1638: 1635: 1633: 1629: 1626: 1624: 1620: 1617: 1615: 1611: 1608: 1606: 1602: 1599: 1598: 1596: 1594: 1593:State symbols 1590: 1586: 1585: 1580: 1575: 1571: 1567: 1553: 1548: 1546: 1541: 1539: 1534: 1533: 1530: 1521: 1517: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1500: 1496: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1441: 1438: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1411: 1406: 1395:. 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Index

People of Assam
c.
India
Bangladesh
Myanmar

Assamese

Hinduism

Islam

Christianity

Buddhism

Jainism

Sikhism
Bodo-Kachari peoples
Indo-Aryan peoples
Tibeto-Burman
Tai peoples
the Assamese alphabet
rendering support
Indic text
rendering support
question marks or boxes
ethnic linguistic
Assamese language

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