181:(called a "coccygeal process", "coccygeal projection", or "caudal appendage"). Atavism can also be seen in humans who possess large teeth, like those of other primates. In addition, a case of "snake heart", the presence of "coronary circulation and myocardial architecture resemble those of the reptilian heart", has also been reported in medical literature. Atavism has also recently been induced in avian dinosaur (bird) fetuses to express dormant ancestral non-avian dinosaur (non-bird) features, including teeth.
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363:) pulled the liberal Europe into war, and that the liberal regimes of the other continental powers did not cause it. He used this idea to say that liberalism and commerce would continue to have a soothing effect in international relations, and that war would not arise between nations which are connected by commercial ties. This latter idea is very similar to the later
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Evolutionarily traits that have disappeared phenotypically do not necessarily disappear from an organism's DNA. The gene sequence often remains, but is inactive. Such an unused gene may remain in the genome for many generations. As long as the gene remains intact, a fault in the genetic control
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in the 1870s. He attempted to identify physical characteristics common to criminals and labeled those he found as atavistic, 'throw-back' traits that determined 'primitive' criminal behavior. His statistical evidence and the closely related idea of
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that an international society built on commerce will avoid war because of war's destructiveness and comparative cost. His reason for World War I is termed "atavism", in which he asserts that senescent governments in Europe (those of the
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in the early 1900s, atavism was used to account for the reappearance in an individual of a trait after several generations of absence—often called a "throw-back". The idea that atavisms could be made to accumulate by
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have long since been abandoned by the scientific community, but the concept that physical traits may affect the likelihood of criminal or unethical behavior in a person still has some scientific support.
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of various species display some ancestral features, like the tail on this human embryo. These features normally disappear in later development, but it may not happen if the animal has an atavism.
140:) or by prolongation of the same. In such a case, a shift in the time a trait is allowed to develop before it is fixed can bring forth an ancestral phenotype. Atavisms are often seen as
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that either knocks out the dominant genes for the new traits or makes the old traits dominate the new one. A number of traits can vary as a result of shortening of the
1697:
1186:
Kukalová-Peck, Jarmila (11 March 2008). "Phylogeny of Higher Taxa in
Insecta: Finding Synapomorphies in the Extant Fauna and Separating Them from Homoplasies".
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In addition, the concept of atavism as part of an individualistic explanation of the causes of criminal deviance was popularised by the
Italian criminologist
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suppressing the gene can lead to it being expressed again. Sometimes, the expression of dormant genes can be induced by artificial stimulation.
151:, atavism is the tendency of reversion. For example, people in the modern era reverting to the ways of thinking and acting of a former time.
1592:"Lombroso and the pathological perspective can be traced back to the 19th century following a history of demonic and classical perspectives"
484:, who claimed that "inferior" races displayed atavistic traits, and represented more primitive traits than other races. Both atavism's and
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Robert J. Raikow; et al. (1979), "The evolutionary re-establishment of a lost ancestral muscle in the bowerbird assemblage.",
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Robert J. Raikow (1975), "The evolutionary reappearance of ancestral muscles as developmental anomalies in two species of birds",
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Matthew P. Harris; et al. (2006), "The
Development of Archosaurian First-Generation Teeth in a Chicken Mutant",
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Tomic, Nenad; Meyer-Rochow, Victor Benno (2011). "Atavisms - medical, genetic, and evolutionary implications".
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1131:"Tergal and pleural structures contribute to the formation of ectopic prothoracic wings in cockroaches"
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Horses: The story of the horse family in the modern world and through sixty million years of evolution
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Somites and early morphogenesis in reptile limbs. In
Vertebrate Limb and Somite Morphogenesis
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Tyson R, Graham JP, Colahan PT, Berry CR (2004). "Skeletal atavism in a miniature horse".
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change in previous generations. Atavisms can occur in several ways, one of which is when
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Michael F. Whiting; et al. (2003), "Loss and recovery of wings in stick insects",
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Walia, I.; Arora, H. S.; Barker, E. A.; Delgado R.M., III; Frazier, O. H. (2010).
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Byrne, Alex; Hilbert, David R. (2010). "How do Things Look to the Color-Blind?".
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210:
49:
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Meyer-Rochow, Victor Benno (1989). "A report of webbed feet in a mature axolotl
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Katja Domes; et al. (2007), "Reevolution of sexuality breaks Dollo's law",
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E. Evansh (1959), "Hyoid muscle anomalies in the dog (Canis familiaris)",
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Brian K. Hall (1984), "Developmental mechanisms underlying the atavisms",
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is a modification of a biological structure whereby an ancestral genetic
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419: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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Bar-Maor, JA; Kesner, KM; Kaftori, JK (November 1980). "Human tails".
496:, as development towards a greater complexity and a superior ability.
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Atavisms have been observed in humans, such as with infants born with
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Anh H. Dao; Martin G. Netsky (1984), "Human tails and pseudotails",
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species of wild cattle. The same notions of atavisms were used by
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1618:"Bad to the bone: Facial structure predicts unethical behaviour"
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with selected primitive traits, in an attempt of "reviving" the
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in the mid-1800s and the rise of the modern understanding of
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Quirks of Human
Anatomy, an Evo-Devo Look at the Human Body
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Brian K. Hall (1995), "Atavisms and atavistic mutations",
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Domes, K.; Norton, R. A.; Maraun, M.; Scheu, S. (2007).
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1028:, Cambridge University Press, London, pp. 373–386
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The
Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British Volume
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1129:
Elias-Neto, Moysés; Belles, Xavier (3 August 2016).
16:
Reappearance of a genetic trait once thought extinct
790:"Dollo's law and the re-evolution of shell coiling"
1462:and remarks on webbed feet in Urodela generally".
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1594:. Criminology.fsu.edu. 2000-11-27. Archived from
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1388:(49 ed.), Carnegie Institution of Washington
1386:The origin of a polydactylous race of guinea-pigs
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895:"Snake Heart: A Case of Atavism in a Human Being"
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1698:Photograph of an additional (third) hoof of cows
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184:Other examples of observed atavisms include:
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1565:. Cleveland: The World Publishing Company.
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838:"29+ Evidences for Macroevolution: Part 2"
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435:Learn how and when to remove this message
112:reappears after having been lost through
76:Learn how and when to remove this message
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1535:10.7551/mitpress/9780262013857.003.0012
128:, and these become expressed through a
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1616:Haselhuhn, M. P.; Wong, E. M. (2011).
1561:(1969). "Imperialism and Capitalism".
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344:liberal international relations theory
976:Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound
844:from the original on 29 October 2006
673:Perspectives in Biology and Medicine
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417:adding citations to reliable sources
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935:"Dino-Chicken Gets One Step Closer"
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13:
1622:Proceedings of the Royal Society B
960:Dolphin May Have 'Remains' of Legs
875:from the original on 12 March 2009
794:Proceedings of the Royal Society B
638:10.1111/j.1469-185x.1984.tb00402.x
468:. This had been bred from ancient
248:Reappearance of wings on wingless
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788:Collin, R.; Cipriani, R. (2003).
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315:in humans (and other primates).
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199:Extra toes of the modern horse.
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1563:Imperialism and Social Classes
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250:stick insects and leaf insects
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1503:10.1016/S0046-8177(84)80079-9
1041:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
899:Texas Heart Institute Journal
555:"Tubal pregnancy with embryo"
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259:Atavistic muscles in several
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1576:Guy Standing (2016-11-09).
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56:the claims made and adding
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1384:William E. Castle (1906),
1135:Royal Society Open Science
720:Cambridge University Press
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124:features are preserved in
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1200:10.1007/s11692-007-9013-4
1108:10.1016/j.cub.2005.12.047
1013:, Oxford University Press
202:Reappearance of limbs in
863:"What our tails tell us"
464:, led to breeds such as
120:for previously existing
21:Atavism (disambiguation)
1580:. World Economic Forum.
1476:10.1163/156853889x00340
1426:10.1073/pnas.0700034104
1062:10.1073/pnas.0700034104
1009:Simpson, G. G. (1951),
559:WikiJournal of Medicine
361:Austro-Hungarian Empire
342:Europe. He defends the
311:(not pseudo-tails) and
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806:10.1098/rspb.2003.2517
587:"Multi-cell Organisms"
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1356:10.1002/ar.1091330204
1024:Raynauad, A. (1977),
685:10.1353/pbm.2011.0034
572:10.15347/wjm/2014.007
494:evolutionary progress
490:recapitulation theory
338:in twentieth-century
330:Atavism is a term in
313:supernumerary nipples
301:Webbed feet in adult
142:evidence of evolution
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1713:Evolutionary biology
1529:. pp. 258–290.
1188:Evolutionary Biology
957:(November 5, 2006),
589:. Universe-review.ca
519:Atavistic regression
413:improve this article
371:University of London
365:Golden Arches theory
204:limbless vertebrates
158:is derived from the
19:For other uses, see
1417:2007PNAS..104.7139D
1243:10.1038/nature01313
1235:2003Natur.421..264W
1155:10.1098/rsos.160347
1147:2016RSOS....360347E
1053:2007PNAS..104.7139D
800:(1533): 2551–2555.
553:Uthman, Ed (2014).
291:Hieracium pilosella
760:10.1038/ng0695-126
626:Biological Reviews
529:Spandrel (biology)
458:selective breeding
334:'s explanation of
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41:possibly contains
1628:(1728): 571–576.
1559:Joseph Schumpeter
1544:978-0-262-01385-7
1464:Amphibia-Reptilia
1460:Siredon mexicanum
1411:(17): 7139–7144.
1344:Anatomical Record
1229:(6920): 264–267,
1047:(17): 7139–7144,
963:, Livescience.com
868:Los Angeles Times
729:978-0-521-73233-8
714:Held, L. (2009).
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114:evolutionary
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534:Torna atrás
466:Heck cattle
336:World War I
309:Human tails
296:Crotoniidae
280:guinea pigs
239:prothoracic
1707:Categories
1602:2013-12-04
879:2009-03-08
848:2006-11-08
593:2011-09-29
540:References
524:Exaptation
373:professor
321:in humans.
122:phenotypic
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470:landraces
449:evolution
379:precariat
241:wings in
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190:cetaceans
154:The word
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513:See also
506:eugenics
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425:May 2023
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