1179:. RPA binds specifically to ATRIP, which then recruits ATR through an ATR activating domain (AAD) on its surface. This association of ATR with RPA is how ATR specifically binds to and works on single-stranded DNA—this was proven through experiments with cells that had mutated nucleotide excision pathways. In these cells, ATR was unable to activate after UV damage, showing the need for single stranded DNA for ATR activity. The acidic alpha-helix of ATRIP binds to a basic cleft in the large RPA subunit to create a site for effective ATR binding. Many other proteins exist that are recruited to the cite of ssDNA that are needed for ATR activation. While RPA recruits ATRIP, the RAD9-RAD1-HUS1 (9-1-1) complex is loaded onto the DNA adjacent to the ssDNA; though ATRIP and the 9-1-1 complex are recruited independently to the site of DNA damage, they interact extensively through massive phosphorylation once colocalized. The 9-1-1 complex, a ring-shaped molecule related to PCNA, allows the accumulation of ATR in a damage specific way. For effective association of the 9-1-1 complex with DNA, RAD17-RFC is also needed. This complex also brings in topoisomerase binding protein 1 (
1203:
response, mediated by Chk1, is essential to regulating replication within a cell; through the Chk1-CDC25 pathway, which effects levels of CDC2, this response is thought to reduce the rate of DNA synthesis in the cell and inhibit origin firing during replication. In addition to its role in activating the DNA damage checkpoint, ATR is thought to function in unperturbed DNA replication. The response is dependent on how much ssDNA accumulates at stalled replication forks. ATR is activated during every S phase, even in normally cycling cells, as it works to monitor replication forks to repair and stop cell cycling when needed. This means that ATR is activated at normal, background levels within all healthy cells. There are many points in the genome that are susceptible to stalling during replication due to complex sequences of DNA or endogenous damage that occurs during the replication. In these cases, ATR works to stabilize the forks so that DNA replication can occur as it should.
1183:) which binds ATR through a highly conserved AAD. TOPBP1 binding is dependent on the phosphorylation of the Ser387 residue of the RAD9 subunit of the 9-1-1 complex. This is likely one of the main functions of the 9-1-1 complex within this DNA damage response. Another important protein that binds TR was identified by Haahr et al. in 2016: Ewings tumor-associated antigen 1 (ETAA1). This protein works in parallel with TOPBP1 to activate ATR through a conserved AAD. It is hypothesized that this pathway, which works independently of TOPBP1 pathway, is used to divide labor and possibly respond to differential needs within the cell. It is hypothesized that one pathway may be most active when ATR is carrying out normal support for replicating cells, and the other may be active when the cell is under more extreme replicative stress.
1271:
dividing, and thus these same cells could be very susceptible to ATR knockout. In ATR-Seckel mice, after exposure to cancer-causing agents, the damage DNA damage response pathway actually conferred resistance to tumor development (6). After many screens to identify specific ATR inhibitors, currently four made it into phase I or phase II clinical trials since 2013; these include AZD6738, M6620 (VX-970), BAY1895344 (Elimusertib). and M4344 (VX-803) (10). These ATR inhibitors work to help the cell proceed through p53 independent apoptosis, as well as force mitotic entry that leads to mitotic catastrophe.
249:
226:
1210:, which is activated by double strand breaks in DNA or chromatin disruption. ATR has also been shown to work on double strand breaks (DSB), acting a slower response to address the common end resections that occur in DSBs, and thus leave long strands of ssDNA (which then go on to signal ATR). In this circumstance, ATM recruits ATR and they work in partnership to respond to this DNA damage. They are responsible for the “slow” DNA damage response that can eventually trigger p53 in healthy cells and thus lead to cell cycle arrest or apoptosis.
1331:
growth delay, microtia, micrognathia, dental crowding, and skeletal issues (evidenced in unique patellar growth). Sequencing revealed that this ATRIP mutation occurred most likely due to missplicing which led to fragments of the gene without exon 2. The cells also had a nonsense mutation in exon 12 of the ATR gene which led to a truncated ATR protein. Both of these mutations resulted in lower levels of ATR and ATRIP than in wild-type cells, leading to insufficient DNA damage response and the severe form of Seckel
Syndrome noted above.
148:
123:
255:
154:
5537:
31:
1219:
DNA during replication, or due to its job stabilizing stalled replication forks, which naturally occur. In this setting, ATR is essential to preventing fork collapse, which would lead to extensive double strand breakage across the genome. The accumulation of these double strand breaks could lead to cell death.
1186:
It is not just ssDNA that activates ATR, though the existence of RPA associated ssDNA is important. Instead, ATR activation is heavily dependent on the existence of all the proteins previously described, that colocalize around the site of DNA damage. An experiment where RAD9, ATRIP, and TOPBP1 were
1218:
Mutations in ATR are very uncommon. The total knockout of ATR is responsible for early death of mouse embryos, showing that it is a protein with essential life functions. It is hypothesized that this could be related to its likely activity in stabilizing
Okazaki fragments on the lagging strands of
1202:
arrest. It acts to activate Chk1 through a claspin intermediate which binds the two proteins together. This claspin intermediate needs to be phosphorylated at two sites in order to do this job, something that can be carried out by ATR but is most likely under the control of some other kinase. This
1330:
In 2012, Ogi and colleagues discovered multiple new mutations that also caused the disease. One form of the disease, which involved mutation in genes encoding the ATRIP partner protein, is considered more severe that the form that was first discovered. This mutation led to severe microcephaly and
1270:
in advanced solid tumours. ATR provided and exciting point for potential targeting in these solid tumors, as many tumors function through activating the DNA damage response. These tumor cells rely on pathways like ATR to reduce replicative stress within the cancerous cells that are uncontrollably
1293:
Deficiency of ATR expression in adult mice leads to the appearance of age-related alterations such as hair graying, hair loss, kyphosis (rounded upper back), osteoporosis and thymic involution. Furthermore, there are dramatic reductions with age in tissue-specific stem and progenitor cells, and
1274:
One study by Flynn et al. found that ATR inhibitors work especially well in cancer cells which rely on the alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) pathway. This is due to RPA presence when ALT is being established, which recruits ATR to regulate homologous recombination. This ALT pathway was
1174:
repair. ATR is activated during more persistent issues with DNA damage; within cells, most DNA damage is repaired quickly and faithfully through other mechanisms. ATR works with a partner protein called ATRIP to recognize single-stranded DNA coated with
1243:
1266:. The first clinical trials using inhibitors of ATR have been initiated by AstraZeneca, preferably in ATM-mutated chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), prolymphocytic leukaemia (PLL) or B-cell lymphoma patients and by
262:
161:
1326:
appearance has also been frequently noted in Seckel patients. For many years, the mutation found in the two families first diagnosed with Seckel
Syndrome were the only mutations known to cause the disease.
6465:
2292:
Pusch F, Dorado GarcĂa H, Xu R, GĂĽrgen D, Bei Y, Brueckner L, et al. (2022). "Elimusertib outperforms standard of care chemotherapy in preclinical patient-derived pediatric solid tumor models".
1334:
Researchers also found that heterozygous mutations in ATR were responsible for causing Seckel
Syndrome. Two novel mutations in one copy of the ATR gene caused under-expression of both ATR and ATRIP.
2877:"Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase and ATM and Rad3 related kinase mediate phosphorylation of Brca1 at distinct and overlapping sites. In vivo assessment using phospho-specific antibodies"
6328:
5569:
6596:
1348:
Somatic cells of mice deficient in ATR have a decreased frequency of homologous recombination and an increased level of chromosomal damage. This finding implies that ATR is required for
3400:
3685:
3064:
Bao S, Tibbetts RS, Brumbaugh KM, Fang Y, Richardson DA, Ali A, et al. (June 2001). "ATR/ATM-mediated phosphorylation of human Rad17 is required for genotoxic stress responses".
1275:
extremely fragile with ATR inhibition and thus using these inhibitors to target this pathway that keeps cancer cell immortal could provide high specificity to stubborn cancer cells.
1294:
exhaustion of tissue renewal and homeostatic capacity. There was also an early and permanent loss of spermatogenesis. However, there was no significant increase in tumor risk.
5562:
2919:
Schmidt DR, Schreiber SL (November 1999). "Molecular association between ATR and two components of the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylating complex, HDAC2 and CHD4".
2275:"The Novel ATR Inhibitor BAY 1895344 Is Efficacious as Monotherapy and Combined with DNA Damage–Inducing or Repair–Compromising Therapies in Preclinical Cancer Models"
3393:
5555:
1154:
arrest in eukaryotes. ATR is activated in response to persistent single-stranded DNA, which is a common intermediate formed during DNA damage detection and
2718:
Rasmuson A (September 1984). "Effects of DNA-repair-deficient mutants on somatic and germ line mutagenesis in the UZ system in
Drosophila melanogaster".
1187:
overexpressed proved that these proteins alone were enough to activate ATR in the absence of ssDNA, showing their importance in triggering this pathway.
819:
84:
6470:
3386:
800:
3593:
2848:
Chen J (September 2000). "Ataxia telangiectasia-related protein is involved in the phosphorylation of BRCA1 following deoxyribonucleic acid damage".
1375:
process that depends on mei-41(ATR). Mutants defective in mei-41(ATR) have increased sensitivity to killing by exposure to the DNA damaging agents
4938:
1306:(partial loss of gene function) in the ATR gene are linked to Seckel syndrome, an autosomal recessive condition characterized by proportionate
1541:
5830:
5578:
4980:
4141:
3444:
1918:
1523:
1115:
1716:
Sancar A, Lindsey-Boltz LA, Unsal-Kaçmaz K, Linn S (2004). "Molecular mechanisms of mammalian DNA repair and the DNA damage checkpoints".
5089:
2484:"Identification of the first ATRIP-deficient patient and novel mutations in ATR define a clinical spectrum for ATR-ATRIP Seckel Syndrome"
2274:
3827:
3714:
2185:
Llona-Minguez S, Höglund A, Jacques SA, Koolmeister T, Helleday T (May 2014). "Chemical strategies for development of ATR inhibitors".
1025:
2128:"Complete loss of ATM function augments replication catastrophe induced by ATR inhibition and gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer models"
2016:
Bakkenist CJ, Kastan MB (January 2003). "DNA damage activates ATM through intermolecular autophosphorylation and dimer dissociation".
6066:
5621:
4102:
3360:
3025:"BRCA1-BARD1 complexes are required for p53Ser-15 phosphorylation and a G1/S arrest following ionizing radiation-induced DNA damage"
1032:
6573:
6209:
6117:
6014:
5728:
5684:
5075:
4894:
4540:
4136:
4126:
4121:
3431:
3413:
6531:
6386:
5927:
5177:
5058:
6409:
6165:
6160:
5922:
5611:
4764:
3633:
4828:
3803:
2069:"A splicing mutation affecting expression of ataxia-telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein (ATR) results in Seckel syndrome"
1820:
1506:
6616:
6510:
6433:
5084:
3618:
3366:
1485:
6553:
4816:
5141:
5962:
5256:
4073:
4063:
3748:
2387:"Deletion of the developmentally essential gene ATR in adult mice leads to age-related phenotypes and stem cell loss"
1669:"Quaternary structure of ATR and effects of ATRIP and replication protein A on its DNA binding and kinase activities"
3378:
2126:
Dunlop CR, Wallez Y, Johnson TI, Bernaldo de Quirós Fernández S, Durant ST, Cadogan EB, et al. (October 2020).
248:
6092:
4755:
2594:"High-dose irradiation induces cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and developmental defects during Drosophila oogenesis"
5024:
4696:
4058:
4049:
1510:
1489:
225:
2434:
O'Driscoll M, Jeggo PA (January 2006). "The role of double-strand break repair - insights from human genetics".
6521:
5723:
5699:
5679:
864:
1391:
suggesting that wild-type mei-41(ATR) is employed in recombinational repair of spontaneous DNA damages during
6280:
5733:
5412:
4439:
3936:
3927:
3584:
3530:
1236:
1207:
845:
6486:
6461:
6452:
6314:
5967:
3627:
147:
122:
64:
2966:"MSH2 and ATR form a signaling module and regulate two branches of the damage response to DNA methylation"
6345:
5594:
1404:
5527:
4651:
4469:
3965:
1167:
2799:
Tibbetts RS, Cortez D, Brumbaugh KM, Scully R, Livingston D, Elledge SJ, et al. (December 2000).
1751:
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261:
160:
5513:
5500:
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5397:
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4171:
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153:
6568:
6155:
5658:
5640:
5407:
5361:
5304:
4864:
4855:
4806:
3572:
3417:
3277:
Abraham RT (2005). "The ATM-related kinase, hSMG-1, bridges genome and RNA surveillance pathways".
2656:
1372:
1349:
1343:
1171:
989:
938:
72:
51:
6361:
6071:
6041:
6026:
5989:
5309:
5164:
4587:
2661:"Genetic controls of meiotic recombination and somatic DNA metabolism in Drosophila melanogaster"
1380:
1303:
5547:
2760:"Substrate specificities and identification of putative substrates of ATM kinase family members"
2385:
Ruzankina Y, Pinzon-Guzman C, Asare A, Ong T, Pontano L, Cotsarelis G, et al. (June 2007).
1618:
Bentley NJ, Holtzman DA, Flaggs G, Keegan KS, DeMaggio A, Ford JC, et al. (December 1996).
985:
959:
934:
5649:
2928:
2535:"ATR suppresses endogenous DNA damage and allows completion of homologous recombination repair"
1267:
6442:
6253:
6021:
5330:
5249:
3863:
2801:"Functional interactions between BRCA1 and the checkpoint kinase ATR during genotoxic stress"
2482:
Ogi T, Walker S, Stiff T, Hobson E, Limsirichaikul S, Carpenter G, et al. (2012-11-08).
1729:
1424:
1384:
1232:
1176:
1147:
2325:"Alternative lengthening of telomeres renders cancer cells hypersensitive to ATR inhibitors"
5845:
5402:
4430:
3128:
3073:
2977:
2672:
2605:
2546:
2336:
2025:
1760:
1572:
136:
1917:
Haahr P, Hoffmann S, Tollenaere MA, Ho T, Toledo LI, Mann M, et al. (November 2016).
8:
6424:
6297:
5366:
4539:
3372:
3023:
Fabbro M, Savage K, Hobson K, Deans AJ, Powell SN, McArthur GA, et al. (July 2004).
2323:
Flynn RL, Cox KE, Jeitany M, Wakimoto H, Bryll AR, Ganem NJ, et al. (January 2015).
1323:
1195:
1119:
92:
3430:
3308:"Roles of HIV-1 auxiliary proteins in viral pathogenesis and host-pathogen interactions"
3132:
3077:
2981:
2676:
2609:
2550:
2340:
2029:
1764:
1576:
6626:
5795:
5299:
5041:
4995:
3265:
3154:
3097:
2628:
2593:
2569:
2534:
2510:
2483:
2459:
2411:
2386:
2357:
2324:
2305:
2256:
2210:
2167:
2154:
2127:
2109:"OMIM Entry - # 614564 - CUTANEOUS TELANGIECTASIA AND CANCER SYNDROME, FAMILIAL; FCTCS"
2049:
1949:
1891:
1866:
1784:
1635:
96:
3224:
3211:
Shiloh Y (February 2001). "ATM and ATR: networking cellular responses to DNA damage".
3000:
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2800:
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3005:
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2781:
2735:
2731:
2700:
2659:, Boyd JB, Carpenter AT, Green MM, Nguyen TD, Ripoll P, et al. (November 1976).
2633:
2574:
2515:
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2416:
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2202:
2171:
2159:
2090:
2041:
1998:
1941:
1896:
1826:
1816:
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1733:
1698:
1649:
1600:
1595:
1560:
710:
positive regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator
44:
3348:
3269:
2260:
2214:
1969:"Essential and dispensable roles of ATR in cell cycle arrest and genome maintenance"
1953:
1788:
1684:
5689:
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5345:
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5242:
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4030:
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2613:
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2406:
2398:
2352:
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2194:
2149:
2139:
2080:
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1988:
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1725:
1688:
1680:
1639:
1631:
1590:
1580:
1159:
341:
272:
216:
171:
76:
1561:"cDNA cloning and gene mapping of a candidate human cell cycle checkpoint protein"
1254:
ATR/ChK1 inhibitors can potentiate the effect of DNA cross-linking agents such as
6404:
6136:
6131:
6097:
5994:
5746:
5392:
5376:
5289:
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100:
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National Center for
Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
1528:
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Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
6108:
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5430:
5371:
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2970:
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1565:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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417:
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2301:
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6126:
5999:
5335:
5294:
3776:
2776:
2759:
2231:
Lecona E, Fernandez-Capetillo O (September 2018). "Targeting ATR in cancer".
1830:
519:
6187:
3844:
3178:"The complexity of p53 modulation: emerging patterns from divergent signals"
2990:
2685:
2348:
1772:
477:
355:
6143:
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2094:
2067:
O'Driscoll M, Ruiz-Perez VL, Woods CG, Jeggo PA, Goodship JA (April 2003).
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2002:
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113:
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1984:
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6031:
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3483:
2816:
1259:
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1163:
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1151:
233:
130:
80:
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2184:
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2533:
Brown AD, Sager BW, Gorthi A, Tonapi SS, Brown EJ, Bishop AJ (2014).
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1135:
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300:
287:
199:
186:
88:
2875:
Gatei M, Zhou BB, Hobson K, Scott S, Young D, Khanna KK (May 2001).
2447:
1937:
1882:
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establishment of protein-containing complex localization to telomere
5536:
4326:
4221:
4216:
4211:
2085:
2068:
1715:
1319:
1307:
1056:
3686:
3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring) kinase
2066:
6578:
6302:
6148:
5577:
4985:
4963:
4958:
4948:
4943:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4710:
4705:
4356:
4321:
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3555:
3550:
1403:
Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein has been shown to
1392:
1388:
876:
831:
749:
745:
660:
positive regulation of telomerase catalytic core complex assembly
3115:
Long X, Lin Y, Ortiz-Vega S, Yonezawa K, Avruch J (April 2005).
2108:
68:
6583:
6371:
6366:
6076:
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5215:
5210:
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5185:
5136:
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4336:
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4146:
4131:
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3902:
3878:
3704:
3699:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3653:
3648:
3638:
3478:
3409:
1919:"Activation of the ATR kinase by the RPA-binding protein ETAA1"
1180:
1131:
1114:. It is a large kinase of about 301.66 kDa. ATR belongs to the
1104:
1040:
786:
2384:
1231:, a rare human disorder that shares some characteristics with
16:
Protein kinase that detects DNA damage and halts cell division
6597:
deficiencies of intracellular signaling peptides and proteins
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2798:
1441:
1412:
1383:. Deficiency of mei-41(ATR) also causes reduced spontaneous
55:, ATR serine/threonine kinase, FCTCS, FRP1, MEC1, SCKL, SCKL1
6563:
6548:
6333:
6273:
6268:
6263:
6258:
6197:
6192:
6036:
6009:
6004:
5917:
5912:
5907:
5902:
5897:
5874:
5869:
5864:
5859:
5854:
5805:
5800:
5790:
5004:
4931:
4926:
4916:
4889:
4646:
4596:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4449:
4405:
4346:
4341:
4291:
4276:
4246:
4176:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4015:
3917:
3858:
3853:
3757:
3723:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3567:
3535:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3503:
3498:
1617:
1559:
Cimprich KA, Shin TB, Keith CT, Schreiber SL (April 1996).
1447:
1430:
1418:
1191:
1111:
5234:
2291:
1558:
670:
positive regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase
4973:
3508:
3493:
3114:
2230:
1916:
1436:
1371:
DNA damages caused by exogenous agents are repaired by a
1206:
ATR is related to a second checkpoint-activating kinase,
1143:
5163:
3063:
324:
3022:
2655:
2322:
735:
regulation of signal transduction by p53 class mediator
30:
2758:
Kim ST, Lim DS, Canman CE, Kastan MB (December 1999).
2532:
5525:
1244:
familial cutaneous telangiectasia and cancer syndrome
489:
3306:
Li L, Li HS, Pauza CD, Bukrinsky M, Zhao RY (2006).
2874:
2592:
Shim HJ, Lee EM, Nguyen LD, Shim J, Song YH (2014).
2481:
1620:"The Schizosaccharomyces pombe rad3 checkpoint gene"
1337:
675:
protein localization to chromosome, telomeric region
2433:
6471:Sh2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase
3305:
2757:
1666:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1481:
1479:
1477:
2591:
1867:"ATR: an essential regulator of genome integrity"
1815:(2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1355:
1122:, and works with ATM to ensure genome integrity.
271:
170:
6608:
2918:
1118:protein family. ATR is activated in response to
2914:
2912:
2753:
2751:
2749:
2015:
1495:
1474:
1966:
1864:
1507:GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000032409
1213:
1089:ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein
5579:Intracellular signaling peptides and proteins
5563:
5250:
3445:Non-specific serine/threonine protein kinases
3394:
3213:Current Opinion in Genetics & Development
3175:
720:establishment of RNA localization to telomere
3108:
3057:
3016:
2957:
2909:
2868:
2841:
2792:
2746:
2585:
2526:
2427:
2380:
2378:
2376:
2178:
2060:
2009:
1960:
1116:phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinase
2711:
1812:The cell cycle : principles of control
1744:
1709:
1486:GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000175054
6466:Receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatase
5570:
5556:
5257:
5243:
3828:Goodpasture-antigen-binding protein kinase
3401:
3387:
3117:"Rheb binds and regulates the mTOR kinase"
1750:
1667:Unsal-Kaçmaz K, Sancar A (February 2004).
1611:
1552:
6067:Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor protein
4541:Serine/threonine-specific protein kinases
3715:(isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+)) kinase
3432:Serine/threonine-specific protein kinases
3414:Serine/threonine-specific protein kinases
3323:
3239:
3193:
3140:
3040:
2999:
2989:
2932:
2892:
2824:
2775:
2694:
2684:
2627:
2617:
2568:
2558:
2509:
2499:
2410:
2373:
2356:
2153:
2143:
2084:
1992:
1890:
1692:
1643:
1594:
1584:
1190:Once ATR is activated, it phosphorylates
1158:. Single-stranded DNA occurs at stalled
6574:Phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein
6210:Interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase
5622:Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase
5076:Receptor protein serine/threonine kinase
2717:
2651:
2649:
2647:
1730:10.1146/annurev.biochem.73.011303.073723
1222:
725:cellular response to DNA damage stimulus
578:protein serine/threonine kinase activity
5059:Low-density-lipoprotein receptor kinase
3276:
2963:
700:regulation of cellular response to heat
6609:
6329:Focal adhesion protein-tyrosine kinase
5612:Intracellular calcium-sensing proteins
3242:Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology
3210:
3176:Giaccia AJ, Kastan MB (October 1998).
1871:Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology
1860:
1808:
665:negative regulation of DNA replication
5551:
5238:
5162:
4538:
3804:Fas-activated serine/threonine kinase
3429:
3382:
2644:
2477:
2475:
2473:
2226:
2224:
1912:
1910:
1865:Cimprich KA, Cortez D (August 2008).
1858:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1804:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1227:Mutations in ATR are responsible for
1146:damage and activating the DNA damage
276:
237:
232:
175:
134:
129:
5176:
5085:Bone morphogenetic protein receptors
2847:
2187:Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine
1967:Brown EJ, Baltimore D (March 2003).
1367:ortholog of ATR. During mitosis in
695:cellular response to gamma radiation
3619:Dephospho-(reductase kinase) kinase
3029:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
2881:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
2764:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
1107:that, in humans, is encoded by the
1085:Serine/threonine-protein kinase ATR
13:
6554:Signal transducing adaptor protein
5729:3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase
5685:3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase
4074:G-protein coupled receptor kinases
3168:
2470:
2221:
1907:
1837:
1795:
1636:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1996.tb01054.x
1297:
680:multicellular organism development
14:
6638:
6549:Activating transcription factor 6
5963:G protein-coupled receptor kinase
4064:Beta adrenergic receptor kinase-2
3749:(tyrosine 3-monooxygenase) kinase
3342:
1352:repair of endogenous DNA damage.
1338:Homologous recombinational repair
6093:Phosphoinositide phospholipase C
5535:
4756:Mitogen-activated protein kinase
260:
253:
247:
224:
159:
152:
146:
121:
29:
5142:Anti-MĂĽllerian hormone receptor
5025:(acetyl-CoA carboxylase) kinase
4697:(RNA-polymerase)-subunit kinase
4059:Beta adrenergic receptor kinase
4050:Beta adrenergic receptor kinase
2964:Wang Y, Qin J (December 2003).
2316:
2285:
2267:
2119:
2101:
1685:10.1128/MCB.24.3.1292-1300.2003
1398:
690:peptidyl-serine phosphorylation
655:DNA damage checkpoint signaling
6532:GTP-binding protein regulators
6522:GTP-binding protein regulators
4765:Extracellular signal-regulated
1673:Molecular and Cellular Biology
1660:
1534:
1516:
1310:, developmental delay, marked
478:More reference expression data
1:
6281:Rho-associated protein kinase
4829:P38 mitogen-activated protein
3928:cGMP-dependent protein kinase
3889:cAMP-dependent protein kinase
3585:Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase
3531:Ataxia telangiectasia mutated
3225:10.1016/S0959-437X(00)00159-3
2279:Molecular Cancer Therapeutics
1718:Annual Review of Biochemistry
1468:
1249:
630:interstrand cross-link repair
245:
144:
6487:Dual-specificity phosphatase
6462:protein tyrosine phosphatase
5968:AMP-activated protein kinase
3628:AMP-activated protein kinase
3291:10.1016/j.dnarep.2004.04.003
2732:10.1016/0165-7992(84)90033-2
2619:10.1371/journal.pone.0089009
2560:10.1371/journal.pone.0091222
2501:10.1371/journal.pgen.1002945
1142:that is involved in sensing
386:Epithelium of choroid plexus
7:
6617:Genes on human chromosome 3
6511:apoptosis signaling pathway
5264:
4543:(EC 2.7.11.21-EC 2.7.11.30)
1455:
1214:ATR as an essential protein
1198:cascade that culminates in
1125:
705:protein autophosphorylation
10:
6643:
4470:Elongation factor 2 kinase
3434:(EC 2.7.11.1-EC 2.7.11.20)
3371:gene details page in the
2403:10.1016/j.stem.2007.03.002
1464:, investigational new drug
1350:homologous recombinational
1341:
1168:nucleotide excision repair
1162:and as an intermediate in
6592:
6541:
6520:
6499:
6479:
6451:
6432:
6422:
6397:
6355:Serine/threonine/tyrosine
6354:
6313:
6116:
6106:
6085:
6059:
5980:
5958:
5841:
5742:
5698:
5648:
5639:
5630:
5604:
5585:
5421:
5413:Michaelis–Menten kinetics
5385:
5354:
5323:
5272:
5172:
5158:
5074:
5057:
5040:
5023:
4994:
4865:MAP kinase kinase kinases
4854:
4754:
4695:
4586:
4552:
4548:
4534:
4492:
4468:
4429:
4397:Myosin light-chain kinase
4395:
4103:Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent
4101:
4072:
4048:
4029:
3950:
3926:
3887:
3843:
3826:
3802:
3768:Myosin-heavy-chain kinase
3766:
3747:
3713:
3684:
3617:
3583:
3443:
3439:
3425:
3142:10.1016/j.cub.2005.02.053
2302:10.1101/2022.11.10.515290
2245:10.1038/s41568-018-0034-3
2145:10.1038/s41416-020-1016-2
2132:British Journal of Cancer
1542:"Mouse PubMed Reference:"
1524:"Human PubMed Reference:"
1071:
1066:
1062:
1055:
1039:
1026:Chr 3: 142.45 – 142.58 Mb
1020:
1007:
1003:
982:
978:
971:
956:
952:
931:
927:
920:
907:
903:
888:
884:
875:
862:
858:
843:
839:
830:
817:
813:
798:
794:
785:
770:
763:
759:
743:
568:MutLalpha complex binding
558:MutSalpha complex binding
518:
514:
502:
497:
488:
475:
424:
415:
402:bronchial epithelial cell
370:epithelium of nasopharynx
362:
353:
323:
315:
311:
294:
281:
244:
223:
214:
210:
193:
180:
143:
120:
111:
107:
62:
59:
49:
42:
37:
28:
23:
6569:Olfactory marker protein
6156:Glycogen synthase kinase
5659:Heterotrimeric G protein
5305:Diffusion-limited enzyme
5165:Dual-specificity kinases
2777:10.1074/jbc.274.53.37538
2436:Nature Reviews. Genetics
1373:homologous recombination
1344:Homologous recombination
1288:
1172:homologous recombination
444:Rostral migratory stream
6362:Dual-specificity kinase
6072:Cyclin-dependent kinase
4588:Cyclin-dependent kinase
3182:Genes & Development
2991:10.1073/pnas.2536810100
2805:Genes & Development
2686:10.1073/pnas.73.11.4140
2349:10.1126/science.1257216
1973:Genes & Development
1773:10.1126/science.1083430
1387:(crossing over) during
1381:methyl methanesulfonate
1033:Chr 9: 95.74 – 95.83 Mb
650:cellular response to UV
543:protein kinase activity
3195:10.1101/gad.12.19.2973
3042:10.1074/jbc.M405372200
2894:10.1074/jbc.M011681200
2233:Nature Reviews. Cancer
1586:10.1073/pnas.93.7.2850
1268:Vertex Pharmaceuticals
1242:ATR is also linked to
1097:FRAP-related protein 1
645:replicative senescence
6443:Protein phosphatase 2
6254:p21-activated kinases
5398:Eadie–Hofstee diagram
5331:Allosteric regulation
3355:- The Interactive Fly
3325:10.1038/sj.cr.7290370
1385:allelic recombination
1304:hypomorphic mutations
1235:, which results from
1233:ataxia telangiectasia
1223:Clinical significance
398:middle temporal gyrus
5846:G beta-gamma complex
5408:Lineweaver–Burk plot
4431:Phosphorylase kinase
3365:genome location and
1120:single strand breaks
730:telomere maintenance
533:transferase activity
239:Chromosome 9 (mouse)
137:Chromosome 3 (human)
6425:protein phosphatase
6298:Ribosomal s6 kinase
3373:UCSC Genome Browser
3133:2005CBio...15..702L
3078:2001Natur.411..969B
3035:(30): 31251–31258.
2982:2003PNAS..10015387W
2976:(26): 15387–15392.
2927:(44): 14711–14717.
2887:(20): 17276–17280.
2770:(53): 37538–37543.
2677:1976PNAS...73.4140B
2610:2014PLoSO...989009S
2551:2014PLoSO...991222B
2341:2015Sci...347..273F
2199:10.1017/erm.2014.10
2038:10.1038/nature01368
2030:2003Natur.421..499B
1985:10.1101/gad.1067403
1926:Nature Cell Biology
1765:2003Sci...300.1542Z
1759:(5625): 1542–1548.
1577:1996PNAS...93.2850C
1359:mitosis and meiosis
1196:signal transduction
436:seminiferous tubule
394:germinal epithelium
5595:MAP kinase pathway
5367:Enzyme superfamily
5300:Enzyme promiscuity
5042:Tropomyosin kinase
4996:Tau-protein kinase
3318:(11–12): 923–934.
2817:10.1101/gad.851000
1809:Morgan DO (2012).
1262:analogues such as
865:ENSMUSG00000032409
623:Biological process
587:Cellular component
548:nucleotide binding
526:Molecular function
6604:
6603:
6559:I-kappa B protein
6495:
6494:
6418:
6417:
6055:
6054:
5976:
5975:
5719:Guanylate cyclase
5675:Adenylate cyclase
5523:
5522:
5232:
5231:
5228:
5227:
5224:
5223:
5154:
5153:
5150:
5149:
4530:
4529:
4526:
4525:
4011:Protein kinase N1
3966:Protein kinase Cζ
3188:(19): 2973–2983.
3072:(6840): 969–974.
2943:10.1021/bi991614n
2856:(18): 5037–5039.
2811:(23): 2989–3002.
2720:Mutation Research
2671:(11): 4140–4144.
2335:(6219): 273–277.
2024:(6922): 499–506.
1932:(11): 1196–1207.
1822:978-0-19-957716-3
1630:(23): 6641–6651.
1278:Examples include
1166:pathways such as
1160:replication forks
1082:
1081:
1078:
1077:
1051:
1050:
1016:
1015:
997:
996:
967:
966:
946:
945:
916:
915:
897:
896:
871:
870:
852:
851:
826:
825:
807:
806:
755:
754:
510:
509:
506:
505:
484:
483:
471:
470:
409:
408:
390:corpus epididymis
307:
306:
206:
205:
6634:
6434:Serine/threonine
6430:
6429:
6118:Serine/threonine
6114:
6113:
5734:Protein kinase G
5690:Protein kinase A
5646:
5645:
5637:
5636:
5572:
5565:
5558:
5549:
5548:
5540:
5539:
5531:
5403:Hanes–Woolf plot
5346:Enzyme activator
5341:Enzyme inhibitor
5315:Enzyme catalysis
5259:
5252:
5245:
5236:
5235:
5174:
5173:
5160:
5159:
4807:C-Jun N-terminal
4550:
4549:
4536:
4535:
4040:Rhodopsin kinase
4031:Rhodopsin kinase
3961:Protein kinase C
3952:Protein kinase C
3937:Protein kinase G
3898:Protein kinase A
3509:Protein kinase B
3441:
3440:
3427:
3426:
3403:
3396:
3389:
3380:
3379:
3337:
3327:
3302:
3285:(8–9): 919–925.
3273:
3254:10.1038/35043058
3236:
3207:
3197:
3163:
3162:
3144:
3112:
3106:
3105:
3086:10.1038/35082110
3061:
3055:
3054:
3044:
3020:
3014:
3013:
3003:
2993:
2961:
2955:
2954:
2936:
2916:
2907:
2906:
2896:
2872:
2866:
2865:
2845:
2839:
2838:
2828:
2796:
2790:
2789:
2779:
2755:
2744:
2743:
2715:
2709:
2708:
2698:
2688:
2653:
2642:
2641:
2631:
2621:
2589:
2583:
2582:
2572:
2562:
2530:
2524:
2523:
2513:
2503:
2494:(11): e1002945.
2479:
2468:
2467:
2431:
2425:
2424:
2414:
2382:
2371:
2370:
2360:
2320:
2314:
2313:
2289:
2283:
2282:
2271:
2265:
2264:
2228:
2219:
2218:
2182:
2176:
2175:
2157:
2147:
2138:(9): 1424–1436.
2123:
2117:
2116:
2105:
2099:
2098:
2088:
2064:
2058:
2057:
2013:
2007:
2006:
1996:
1964:
1958:
1957:
1923:
1914:
1905:
1904:
1894:
1862:
1835:
1834:
1806:
1793:
1792:
1748:
1742:
1741:
1713:
1707:
1706:
1696:
1679:(3): 1292–1300.
1664:
1658:
1657:
1647:
1624:The EMBO Journal
1615:
1609:
1608:
1598:
1588:
1571:(7): 2850–2855.
1556:
1550:
1549:
1538:
1532:
1531:
1520:
1514:
1504:
1493:
1483:
1087:, also known as
1064:
1063:
1035:
1028:
1011:
1001:
1000:
992:
976:
975:
972:RefSeq (protein)
962:
950:
949:
941:
925:
924:
901:
900:
882:
881:
856:
855:
837:
836:
811:
810:
792:
791:
761:
760:
516:
515:
495:
494:
480:
420:
418:Top expressed in
413:
412:
378:caput epididymis
374:endothelial cell
366:Brodmann area 23
358:
356:Top expressed in
351:
350:
330:
329:
313:
312:
303:
290:
279:
264:
257:
251:
240:
228:
212:
211:
202:
189:
178:
163:
156:
150:
139:
125:
109:
108:
103:
54:
47:
33:
21:
20:
6642:
6641:
6637:
6636:
6635:
6633:
6632:
6631:
6607:
6606:
6605:
6600:
6588:
6537:
6516:
6491:
6475:
6447:
6414:
6405:Arginine kinase
6393:
6350:
6309:
6102:
6098:Phospholipase C
6081:
6051:
5972:
5954:
5884:
5851:
5837:
5752:
5747:G alpha subunit
5738:
5694:
5626:
5600:
5581:
5576:
5546:
5534:
5526:
5524:
5519:
5431:Oxidoreductases
5417:
5393:Enzyme kinetics
5381:
5377:List of enzymes
5350:
5319:
5290:Catalytic triad
5268:
5263:
5233:
5220:
5168:
5146:
5070:
5053:
5036:
5019:
4990:
4850:
4750:
4721:P70-S6 Kinase 1
4691:
4582:
4544:
4522:
4488:
4464:
4425:
4391:
4097:
4068:
4044:
4025:
3946:
3922:
3883:
3839:
3822:
3798:
3792:Aurora C kinase
3787:Aurora B kinase
3782:Aurora A kinase
3762:
3743:
3709:
3680:
3613:
3579:
3435:
3421:
3407:
3345:
3340:
3171:
3169:Further reading
3166:
3121:Current Biology
3113:
3109:
3062:
3058:
3021:
3017:
2962:
2958:
2934:10.1.1.559.7745
2917:
2910:
2873:
2869:
2850:Cancer Research
2846:
2842:
2797:
2793:
2756:
2747:
2716:
2712:
2654:
2645:
2590:
2586:
2531:
2527:
2480:
2471:
2448:10.1038/nrg1746
2432:
2428:
2383:
2374:
2321:
2317:
2290:
2286:
2273:
2272:
2268:
2229:
2222:
2183:
2179:
2124:
2120:
2107:
2106:
2102:
2073:Nature Genetics
2065:
2061:
2014:
2010:
1965:
1961:
1938:10.1038/ncb3422
1921:
1915:
1908:
1883:10.1038/nrm2450
1863:
1838:
1823:
1807:
1796:
1749:
1745:
1714:
1710:
1665:
1661:
1616:
1612:
1557:
1553:
1540:
1539:
1535:
1522:
1521:
1517:
1505:
1496:
1484:
1475:
1471:
1458:
1453:
1401:
1361:
1346:
1340:
1322:. A senile or
1300:
1298:Seckel syndrome
1291:
1252:
1229:Seckel syndrome
1225:
1216:
1194:, initiating a
1128:
1073:View/Edit Mouse
1068:View/Edit Human
1031:
1024:
1021:Location (UCSC)
1009:
988:
984:
958:
937:
933:
846:ENSG00000175054
739:
685:DNA replication
635:phosphorylation
618:
599:Golgi apparatus
582:
563:protein binding
553:kinase activity
476:
467:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
416:
405:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
354:
298:
285:
277:
267:
266:
265:
258:
238:
215:Gene location (
197:
184:
176:
166:
165:
164:
157:
135:
112:Gene location (
101:ATR - orthologs
63:
50:
43:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6640:
6630:
6629:
6624:
6619:
6602:
6601:
6593:
6590:
6589:
6587:
6586:
6581:
6576:
6571:
6566:
6561:
6556:
6551:
6545:
6543:
6539:
6538:
6536:
6535:
6526:
6524:
6518:
6517:
6515:
6514:
6505:
6503:
6497:
6496:
6493:
6492:
6490:
6489:
6483:
6481:
6477:
6476:
6474:
6473:
6468:
6458:
6456:
6449:
6448:
6446:
6445:
6439:
6437:
6427:
6420:
6419:
6416:
6415:
6413:
6412:
6407:
6401:
6399:
6395:
6394:
6392:
6391:
6390:
6389:
6384:
6379:
6374:
6369:
6358:
6356:
6352:
6351:
6349:
6348:
6343:
6342:
6341:
6336:
6326:
6320:
6318:
6311:
6310:
6308:
6307:
6306:
6305:
6295:
6294:
6293:
6288:
6278:
6277:
6276:
6271:
6266:
6261:
6251:
6250:
6249:
6244:
6234:
6233:
6232:
6227:
6222:
6217:
6207:
6206:
6205:
6200:
6195:
6185:
6184:
6183:
6178:
6173:
6168:
6163:
6153:
6152:
6151:
6141:
6140:
6139:
6134:
6123:
6121:
6111:
6109:protein kinase
6104:
6103:
6101:
6100:
6095:
6089:
6087:
6083:
6082:
6080:
6079:
6074:
6069:
6063:
6061:
6057:
6056:
6053:
6052:
6050:
6049:
6044:
6039:
6034:
6029:
6024:
6019:
6018:
6017:
6012:
6007:
5997:
5992:
5986:
5984:
5978:
5977:
5974:
5973:
5971:
5970:
5965:
5959:
5956:
5955:
5953:
5952:
5951:
5950:
5945:
5940:
5935:
5930:
5925:
5920:
5915:
5910:
5905:
5900:
5895:
5890:
5882:
5879:
5878:
5877:
5872:
5867:
5862:
5857:
5849:
5842:
5839:
5838:
5836:
5835:
5834:
5833:
5828:
5823:
5818:
5813:
5808:
5803:
5798:
5793:
5788:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5750:
5743:
5740:
5739:
5737:
5736:
5731:
5726:
5721:
5716:
5711:
5705:
5703:
5696:
5695:
5693:
5692:
5687:
5682:
5677:
5672:
5671:
5670:
5655:
5653:
5643:
5641:Heterotrimeric
5634:
5628:
5627:
5625:
5624:
5619:
5614:
5608:
5606:
5602:
5601:
5599:
5598:
5589:
5587:
5583:
5582:
5575:
5574:
5567:
5560:
5552:
5545:
5544:
5521:
5520:
5518:
5517:
5504:
5491:
5478:
5465:
5452:
5439:
5425:
5423:
5419:
5418:
5416:
5415:
5410:
5405:
5400:
5395:
5389:
5387:
5383:
5382:
5380:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5358:
5356:
5355:Classification
5352:
5351:
5349:
5348:
5343:
5338:
5333:
5327:
5325:
5321:
5320:
5318:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5276:
5274:
5270:
5269:
5262:
5261:
5254:
5247:
5239:
5230:
5229:
5226:
5225:
5222:
5221:
5219:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5182:
5180:
5170:
5169:
5156:
5155:
5152:
5151:
5148:
5147:
5145:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5108:
5107:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5081:
5079:
5078:(EC 2.7.11.30)
5072:
5071:
5069:
5068:
5064:
5062:
5061:(EC 2.7.11.29)
5055:
5054:
5052:
5051:
5047:
5045:
5044:(EC 2.7.11.28)
5038:
5037:
5035:
5034:
5030:
5028:
5027:(EC 2.7.11.27)
5021:
5020:
5018:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5001:
4999:
4998:(EC 2.7.11.26)
4992:
4991:
4989:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4977:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4946:
4936:
4935:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4909:
4908:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4861:
4859:
4858:(EC 2.7.11.25)
4852:
4851:
4849:
4848:
4847:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4826:
4825:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4804:
4803:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4761:
4759:
4758:(EC 2.7.11.24)
4752:
4751:
4749:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4702:
4700:
4699:(EC 2.7.11.23)
4693:
4692:
4690:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4593:
4591:
4590:(EC 2.7.11.22)
4584:
4583:
4581:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4559:
4557:
4556:(EC 2.7.11.21)
4546:
4545:
4532:
4531:
4528:
4527:
4524:
4523:
4521:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4499:
4497:
4496:(EC 2.7.11.21)
4490:
4489:
4487:
4486:
4481:
4475:
4473:
4472:(EC 2.7.11.20)
4466:
4465:
4463:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4436:
4434:
4433:(EC 2.7.11.19)
4427:
4426:
4424:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4402:
4400:
4399:(EC 2.7.11.18)
4393:
4392:
4390:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4108:
4106:
4105:(EC 2.7.11.17)
4099:
4098:
4096:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4079:
4077:
4076:(EC 2.7.11.16)
4070:
4069:
4067:
4066:
4061:
4055:
4053:
4052:(EC 2.7.11.15)
4046:
4045:
4043:
4042:
4036:
4034:
4033:(EC 2.7.11.14)
4027:
4026:
4024:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3957:
3955:
3954:(EC 2.7.11.13)
3948:
3947:
3945:
3944:
3939:
3933:
3931:
3930:(EC 2.7.11.12)
3924:
3923:
3921:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3894:
3892:
3891:(EC 2.7.11.11)
3885:
3884:
3882:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3850:
3848:
3847:(EC 2.7.11.10)
3841:
3840:
3838:
3837:
3833:
3831:
3824:
3823:
3821:
3820:
3815:
3809:
3807:
3800:
3799:
3797:
3796:
3795:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3773:
3771:
3764:
3763:
3761:
3760:
3754:
3752:
3745:
3744:
3742:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3720:
3718:
3711:
3710:
3708:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3691:
3689:
3682:
3681:
3679:
3678:
3677:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3658:
3657:
3656:
3651:
3643:
3642:
3641:
3636:
3624:
3622:
3615:
3614:
3612:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3590:
3588:
3581:
3580:
3578:
3577:
3576:
3575:
3565:
3564:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3527:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3450:
3448:
3437:
3436:
3423:
3422:
3406:
3405:
3398:
3391:
3383:
3377:
3376:
3357:
3344:
3343:External links
3341:
3339:
3338:
3303:
3274:
3248:(3): 179–186.
3237:
3208:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3164:
3127:(8): 702–713.
3107:
3056:
3015:
2956:
2908:
2867:
2840:
2791:
2745:
2710:
2643:
2584:
2525:
2469:
2426:
2397:(1): 113–126.
2391:Cell Stem Cell
2372:
2315:
2284:
2266:
2239:(9): 586–595.
2220:
2177:
2118:
2100:
2086:10.1038/ng1129
2079:(4): 497–501.
2059:
2008:
1979:(5): 615–628.
1959:
1906:
1877:(8): 616–627.
1836:
1821:
1794:
1743:
1708:
1659:
1610:
1551:
1533:
1515:
1494:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1466:
1465:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1451:
1445:
1439:
1434:
1428:
1422:
1416:
1409:
1400:
1397:
1363:Mei-41 is the
1360:
1354:
1342:Main article:
1339:
1336:
1299:
1296:
1290:
1287:
1286:
1285:
1251:
1248:
1224:
1221:
1215:
1212:
1140:protein kinase
1127:
1124:
1080:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1070:
1060:
1059:
1053:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1037:
1036:
1029:
1022:
1018:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1005:
1004:
998:
995:
994:
980:
979:
973:
969:
968:
965:
964:
954:
953:
947:
944:
943:
929:
928:
922:
918:
917:
914:
913:
905:
904:
898:
895:
894:
886:
885:
879:
873:
872:
869:
868:
860:
859:
853:
850:
849:
841:
840:
834:
828:
827:
824:
823:
815:
814:
808:
805:
804:
796:
795:
789:
783:
782:
777:
772:
768:
767:
757:
756:
753:
752:
741:
740:
738:
737:
732:
727:
722:
717:
712:
707:
702:
697:
692:
687:
682:
677:
672:
667:
662:
657:
652:
647:
642:
637:
632:
626:
624:
620:
619:
617:
616:
611:
606:
601:
596:
590:
588:
584:
583:
581:
580:
575:
570:
565:
560:
555:
550:
545:
540:
535:
529:
527:
523:
522:
512:
511:
508:
507:
504:
503:
500:
499:
492:
486:
485:
482:
481:
473:
472:
469:
468:
466:
465:
461:
457:
456:primary oocyte
453:
449:
448:tail of embryo
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
422:
421:
410:
407:
406:
404:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
360:
359:
347:
346:
338:
327:
321:
320:
317:RNA expression
309:
308:
305:
304:
296:
292:
291:
283:
280:
275:
269:
268:
259:
252:
246:
242:
241:
236:
230:
229:
221:
220:
208:
207:
204:
203:
195:
191:
190:
182:
179:
174:
168:
167:
158:
151:
145:
141:
140:
133:
127:
126:
118:
117:
105:
104:
61:
57:
56:
48:
40:
39:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6639:
6628:
6625:
6623:
6620:
6618:
6615:
6614:
6612:
6599:
6598:
6591:
6585:
6582:
6580:
6577:
6575:
6572:
6570:
6567:
6565:
6562:
6560:
6557:
6555:
6552:
6550:
6547:
6546:
6544:
6540:
6534:
6533:
6528:
6527:
6525:
6523:
6519:
6513:
6512:
6507:
6506:
6504:
6502:
6498:
6488:
6485:
6484:
6482:
6478:
6472:
6469:
6467:
6463:
6460:
6459:
6457:
6454:
6450:
6444:
6441:
6440:
6438:
6435:
6431:
6428:
6426:
6421:
6411:
6408:
6406:
6403:
6402:
6400:
6396:
6388:
6385:
6383:
6380:
6378:
6375:
6373:
6370:
6368:
6365:
6364:
6363:
6360:
6359:
6357:
6353:
6347:
6344:
6340:
6337:
6335:
6332:
6331:
6330:
6327:
6325:
6322:
6321:
6319:
6316:
6312:
6304:
6301:
6300:
6299:
6296:
6292:
6289:
6287:
6284:
6283:
6282:
6279:
6275:
6272:
6270:
6267:
6265:
6262:
6260:
6257:
6256:
6255:
6252:
6248:
6245:
6243:
6240:
6239:
6238:
6235:
6231:
6228:
6226:
6223:
6221:
6218:
6216:
6213:
6212:
6211:
6208:
6204:
6201:
6199:
6196:
6194:
6191:
6190:
6189:
6186:
6182:
6179:
6177:
6174:
6172:
6169:
6167:
6164:
6162:
6159:
6158:
6157:
6154:
6150:
6147:
6146:
6145:
6142:
6138:
6135:
6133:
6130:
6129:
6128:
6127:Casein kinase
6125:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6115:
6112:
6110:
6105:
6099:
6096:
6094:
6091:
6090:
6088:
6084:
6078:
6075:
6073:
6070:
6068:
6065:
6064:
6062:
6058:
6048:
6045:
6043:
6040:
6038:
6035:
6033:
6030:
6028:
6025:
6023:
6020:
6016:
6013:
6011:
6008:
6006:
6003:
6002:
6001:
5998:
5996:
5993:
5991:
5988:
5987:
5985:
5983:
5979:
5969:
5966:
5964:
5961:
5960:
5957:
5949:
5946:
5944:
5941:
5939:
5936:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5924:
5921:
5919:
5916:
5914:
5911:
5909:
5906:
5904:
5901:
5899:
5896:
5894:
5891:
5889:
5886:
5885:
5880:
5876:
5873:
5871:
5868:
5866:
5863:
5861:
5858:
5856:
5853:
5852:
5847:
5844:
5843:
5840:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5819:
5817:
5814:
5812:
5809:
5807:
5804:
5802:
5799:
5797:
5794:
5792:
5789:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5753:
5748:
5745:
5744:
5741:
5735:
5732:
5730:
5727:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5707:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5697:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5669:
5665:
5662:
5661:
5660:
5657:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5629:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5609:
5607:
5603:
5597:
5596:
5591:
5590:
5588:
5584:
5580:
5573:
5568:
5566:
5561:
5559:
5554:
5553:
5550:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5532:
5529:
5515:
5511:
5510:
5505:
5502:
5498:
5497:
5492:
5489:
5485:
5484:
5479:
5476:
5472:
5471:
5466:
5463:
5459:
5458:
5453:
5450:
5446:
5445:
5440:
5437:
5433:
5432:
5427:
5426:
5424:
5420:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5390:
5388:
5384:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5372:Enzyme family
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5359:
5357:
5353:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5336:Cooperativity
5334:
5332:
5329:
5328:
5326:
5322:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5295:Oxyanion hole
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5277:
5275:
5271:
5267:
5260:
5255:
5253:
5248:
5246:
5241:
5240:
5237:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5183:
5181:
5179:
5175:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5157:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5087:
5086:
5083:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5073:
5066:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5056:
5049:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5039:
5032:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5022:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4993:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4941:
4940:
4937:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4914:
4913:
4910:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4867:
4866:
4863:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4853:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4831:
4830:
4827:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4809:
4808:
4805:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4767:
4766:
4763:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4753:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4694:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4585:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4551:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4533:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4491:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4467:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4428:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4394:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4100:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4071:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4047:
4041:
4038:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4028:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3949:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3925:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3886:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3842:
3835:
3834:
3832:
3830:(EC 2.7.11.9)
3829:
3825:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3810:
3808:
3806:(EC 2.7.11.8)
3805:
3801:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3779:
3778:
3777:Aurora kinase
3775:
3774:
3772:
3770:(EC 2.7.11.7)
3769:
3765:
3759:
3756:
3755:
3753:
3751:(EC 2.7.11.6)
3750:
3746:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3721:
3719:
3717:(EC 2.7.11.5)
3716:
3712:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3692:
3690:
3688:(EC 2.7.11.4)
3687:
3683:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3661:
3659:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3646:
3644:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3625:
3623:
3621:(EC 2.7.11.3)
3620:
3616:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3591:
3589:
3587:(EC 2.7.11.2)
3586:
3582:
3574:
3571:
3570:
3569:
3566:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3543:
3542:
3541:EIF-2 kinases
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3511:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3451:
3449:
3447:(EC 2.7.11.1)
3446:
3442:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3424:
3419:
3415:
3411:
3404:
3399:
3397:
3392:
3390:
3385:
3384:
3381:
3374:
3370:
3369:
3364:
3363:
3358:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3347:
3346:
3335:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3317:
3313:
3312:Cell Research
3309:
3304:
3300:
3296:
3292:
3288:
3284:
3280:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3263:
3259:
3255:
3251:
3247:
3243:
3238:
3234:
3230:
3226:
3222:
3218:
3214:
3209:
3205:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3187:
3183:
3179:
3174:
3173:
3160:
3156:
3152:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3134:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3111:
3103:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3060:
3052:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3026:
3019:
3011:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2960:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2915:
2913:
2904:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2886:
2882:
2878:
2871:
2863:
2859:
2855:
2851:
2844:
2836:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2795:
2787:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2754:
2752:
2750:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2714:
2706:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2652:
2650:
2648:
2639:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2604:(2): e89009.
2603:
2599:
2595:
2588:
2580:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2545:(3): e91222.
2544:
2540:
2536:
2529:
2521:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2488:PLOS Genetics
2485:
2478:
2476:
2474:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2430:
2422:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2381:
2379:
2377:
2368:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2319:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2288:
2280:
2276:
2270:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2227:
2225:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2181:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2122:
2114:
2110:
2104:
2096:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2063:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2012:
2004:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1963:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1920:
1913:
1911:
1902:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1818:
1814:
1813:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1799:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1747:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1712:
1704:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1663:
1655:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1614:
1606:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1555:
1547:
1543:
1537:
1529:
1525:
1519:
1512:
1508:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1491:
1487:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1473:
1463:
1460:
1459:
1449:
1446:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1396:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1358:
1353:
1351:
1345:
1335:
1332:
1328:
1325:
1321:
1318:and thoracic
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1295:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1279:
1276:
1272:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1247:
1245:
1240:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1220:
1211:
1209:
1204:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1188:
1184:
1182:
1178:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1150:, leading to
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1123:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1074:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1058:
1054:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1012:
1006:
1002:
999:
993:
991:
987:
981:
977:
974:
970:
963:
961:
955:
951:
948:
942:
940:
936:
930:
926:
923:
921:RefSeq (mRNA)
919:
912:
911:
906:
902:
899:
893:
892:
887:
883:
880:
878:
874:
867:
866:
861:
857:
854:
848:
847:
842:
838:
835:
833:
829:
822:
821:
816:
812:
809:
803:
802:
797:
793:
790:
788:
784:
781:
778:
776:
773:
769:
766:
762:
758:
751:
747:
742:
736:
733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
706:
703:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
686:
683:
681:
678:
676:
673:
671:
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
628:
627:
625:
622:
621:
615:
612:
610:
607:
605:
602:
600:
597:
595:
592:
591:
589:
586:
585:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
534:
531:
530:
528:
525:
524:
521:
520:Gene ontology
517:
513:
501:
496:
493:
491:
487:
479:
474:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
440:Gonadal ridge
439:
435:
431:
427:
426:
423:
419:
414:
411:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
364:
361:
357:
352:
349:
348:
345:
343:
339:
337:
336:
332:
331:
328:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
302:
297:
293:
289:
284:
278:9|9 E3.3
274:
270:
263:
256:
250:
243:
235:
231:
227:
222:
218:
213:
209:
201:
196:
192:
188:
183:
173:
169:
162:
155:
149:
142:
138:
132:
128:
124:
119:
115:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
58:
53:
46:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
6594:
6529:
6508:
6144:eIF-2 kinase
5592:
5509:Translocases
5506:
5493:
5480:
5467:
5454:
5444:Transferases
5441:
5428:
5285:Binding site
4716:P70S6 kinase
3367:
3361:
3352:
3349:
3315:
3311:
3282:
3278:
3245:
3241:
3219:(1): 71–77.
3216:
3212:
3185:
3181:
3124:
3120:
3110:
3069:
3065:
3059:
3032:
3028:
3018:
2973:
2969:
2959:
2924:
2921:Biochemistry
2920:
2884:
2880:
2870:
2853:
2849:
2843:
2808:
2804:
2794:
2767:
2763:
2726:(1): 29–33.
2723:
2719:
2713:
2668:
2664:
2601:
2597:
2587:
2542:
2538:
2528:
2491:
2487:
2442:(1): 45–54.
2439:
2435:
2429:
2394:
2390:
2332:
2328:
2318:
2293:
2287:
2278:
2269:
2236:
2232:
2193:(e10): e10.
2190:
2186:
2180:
2135:
2131:
2121:
2112:
2103:
2076:
2072:
2062:
2021:
2017:
2011:
1976:
1972:
1962:
1929:
1925:
1874:
1870:
1811:
1756:
1752:
1746:
1724:(1): 39–85.
1721:
1717:
1711:
1676:
1672:
1662:
1627:
1623:
1613:
1568:
1564:
1554:
1545:
1536:
1527:
1518:
1462:Ceralasertib
1402:
1399:Interactions
1368:
1364:
1362:
1356:
1347:
1333:
1329:
1316:malocclusion
1312:microcephaly
1301:
1292:
1277:
1273:
1253:
1241:
1226:
1217:
1205:
1189:
1185:
1129:
1108:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1083:
1008:
990:NP_001341508
983:
957:
939:NM_001354579
932:
908:
889:
863:
844:
818:
799:
779:
774:
452:pineal gland
428:spermatocyte
340:
333:
198:142,578,733
185:142,449,007
60:External IDs
18:
5831:GNA15/GNA16
5617:Calcineurin
5280:Active site
5167:(EC 2.7.12)
4554:Polo kinase
4494:Polo kinase
1302:In humans,
1283:Berzosertib
1264:gemcitabine
604:nucleoplasm
573:ATP binding
538:DNA binding
299:95,833,834
286:95,739,650
38:Identifiers
6611:Categories
6237:Lim kinase
6188:IÎşB kinase
5709:Transducin
5483:Isomerases
5457:Hydrolases
5324:Regulation
3845:IÎşB kinase
3420:2.7.11-12)
3353:meiotic-41
3350:Drosophila
3279:DNA Repair
1513:, May 2017
1492:, May 2017
1469:References
1369:Drosophila
1365:Drosophila
1357:Drosophila
1260:nucleoside
1250:Inhibitors
1239:mutation.
1200:cell cycle
1164:DNA repair
1152:cell cycle
1148:checkpoint
1138:-specific
715:DNA repair
609:chromosome
344:(ortholog)
81:HomoloGene
6627:EC 2.7.11
6595:see also
6501:Apoptosis
5982:Monomeric
5714:Gustducin
5632:G protein
5362:EC number
3971:PKC alpha
2929:CiteSeerX
2310:253524852
2172:220931196
1831:769544943
1324:progeroid
1314:, dental
1256:cisplatin
1136:threonine
1130:ATR is a
1103:), is an
986:NP_001175
960:NM_019864
935:NM_001184
765:Orthologs
432:spermatid
89:GeneCards
6622:Proteins
6453:Tyrosine
6398:Arginine
6315:Tyrosine
5386:Kinetics
5310:Cofactor
5273:Activity
4327:KIAA0999
4222:MAPKAPK5
4217:MAPKAPK3
4212:MAPKAPK2
3334:16354571
3299:15279777
3270:10691352
3262:11252893
3233:11163154
3151:15854902
3094:11418864
3051:15159397
3010:14657349
2951:10545197
2903:11278964
2862:11016625
2835:11114888
2786:10608806
2657:Baker BS
2638:24551207
2598:PLOS ONE
2579:24675793
2539:PLOS ONE
2520:23144622
2456:16369571
2421:18371340
2367:25593184
2261:49189972
2253:29899559
2215:20714812
2207:24810715
2164:32741974
2113:omim.org
2095:12640452
2046:12556884
2003:12629044
1954:21989146
1946:27723717
1901:18594563
1789:30138518
1781:12791985
1738:15189136
1703:14729973
1509:–
1488:–
1456:See also
1405:interact
1320:kyphosis
1308:dwarfism
1126:Function
1057:Wikidata
744:Sources:
594:PML body
460:epiblast
6579:EDARADD
6564:Mucin-4
6303:RPS6KA1
6149:EIF2AK3
5605:Calcium
5542:Biology
5496:Ligases
5266:Enzymes
4986:MAP3K14
4964:MAP3K11
4959:MAP3K10
4949:MAP3K13
4944:MAP3K12
4746:RPS6KC1
4741:RPS6KA1
4736:RPS6KA3
4731:RPS6KA2
4726:RPS6KB2
4711:RPS6KA4
4706:RPS6KA5
4357:Kalirin
4322:SNF1LK2
3561:EIF2AK4
3556:EIF2AK3
3410:Kinases
3204:9765199
3159:3078706
3129:Bibcode
3102:4429058
3074:Bibcode
2978:Bibcode
2740:6090892
2673:Bibcode
2629:3923870
2606:Bibcode
2570:3968013
2547:Bibcode
2511:3493446
2464:7779574
2412:2920603
2358:4358324
2337:Bibcode
2329:Science
2294:bioRxiv
2155:7591912
2054:4403303
2026:Bibcode
1892:2663384
1761:Bibcode
1753:Science
1654:8978690
1605:8610130
1573:Bibcode
1511:Ensembl
1490:Ensembl
1393:meiosis
1389:meiosis
877:UniProt
832:Ensembl
771:Species
750:QuickGO
614:nucleus
319:pattern
45:Aliases
6584:PRKCSH
6423:Other
6372:DYRK1B
6367:DYRK1A
6107:Other
6077:Cyclin
6060:Cyclin
5528:Portal
5470:Lyases
5216:MAP2K7
5211:MAP2K6
5206:MAP2K5
5201:MAP2K4
5196:MAP2K3
5191:MAP2K2
5186:MAP2K1
5137:ACVRL1
5132:ACVR2B
5127:ACVR2A
5122:ACVR1C
5117:ACVR1B
5100:BMPR1B
5095:BMPR1A
4969:MAP3K7
4954:MAP3K9
4905:MAP3K8
4900:MAP3K7
4895:MAP3K6
4890:MAP3K5
4885:MAP3K4
4880:MAP3K3
4875:MAP3K2
4870:MAP3K1
4844:MAPK14
4839:MAPK13
4834:MAPK11
4822:MAPK10
4800:MAPK15
4795:MAPK12
4687:CDC2L1
4662:CDC2L5
4337:SNF1LK
4162:CAMK2G
4157:CAMK2D
4152:CAMK2B
4147:CAMK2A
4137:CAMK1G
4132:CAMK1D
4127:CAMK1B
4122:CAMK1A
3976:PRKCB1
3913:PRKACA
3908:PRKACB
3903:PRKACG
3879:IKBKAP
3705:BCKDHB
3700:BCKDHA
3674:PRKAG3
3669:PRKAG2
3664:PRKAG1
3654:PRKAB2
3649:PRKAB1
3639:PRKAA2
3634:PRKAA1
3479:STK38L
3359:Human
3332:
3297:
3268:
3260:
3231:
3202:
3157:
3149:
3100:
3092:
3066:Nature
3049:
3008:
3001:307577
2998:
2949:
2931:
2901:
2860:
2833:
2826:317107
2823:
2784:
2738:
2705:825857
2703:
2696:431359
2693:
2636:
2626:
2577:
2567:
2518:
2508:
2462:
2454:
2419:
2409:
2365:
2355:
2308:
2259:
2251:
2213:
2205:
2170:
2162:
2152:
2093:
2052:
2044:
2018:Nature
2001:
1994:196009
1991:
1952:
1944:
1899:
1889:
1829:
1819:
1787:
1779:
1736:
1701:
1694:321456
1691:
1652:
1645:452488
1642:
1603:
1593:
1444:, and
1407:with:
1379:, and
1181:TOPBP1
1156:repair
1132:serine
1105:enzyme
1043:search
1041:PubMed
910:Q9JKK8
891:Q13535
820:245000
787:Entrez
490:BioGPS
77:108028
69:601215
6542:Other
6480:both:
6387:DYRK4
6382:DYRK3
6377:DYRK2
6339:PTK2B
6324:ZAP70
6291:ROCK2
6286:ROCK1
6247:LIMK2
6242:LIMK1
6230:IRAK4
6225:IRAK3
6220:IRAK2
6215:IRAK1
6203:IKBKG
6181:GSK3B
6176:GSK3A
6171:GSK-3
6086:Lipid
6037:Rhebs
5948:BSCL2
5943:GNG13
5938:GNG12
5933:GNG11
5928:GNG10
5893:GNGT2
5888:GNGT1
5826:GNA14
5821:GNA13
5816:GNA12
5811:GNA11
5786:GNAT3
5781:GNAT2
5776:GNAT1
5771:GNAI3
5766:GNAI2
5761:GNAI1
5756:GNAO1
5422:Types
5178:MAP2K
5112:ACVR1
5105:BMPR2
5090:BMPR1
5015:GSK-3
4856:MAP3K
4817:MAPK9
4812:MAPK8
4790:MAPK7
4785:MAPK6
4780:MAPK4
4775:MAPK3
4770:MAPK1
4682:PFTK1
4677:PCTK3
4672:PCTK2
4667:PCTK1
4657:CDK12
4652:CDK10
4627:CDKL5
4607:CDKL2
4484:STK19
4479:EEF2K
4460:PHKG2
4455:PHKG1
4445:PHKA2
4440:PHKA1
4421:MYLK4
4416:MYLK3
4411:MYLK2
4387:DCLK1
4382:Titin
4372:TRIB3
4367:TRIB2
4362:TRIB1
4352:TSSK2
4332:STK40
4317:PSKH1
4312:PRKD3
4307:PRKD2
4287:PHKG2
4282:PHKG1
4272:OBSCN
4267:NUAK2
4262:NUAK1
4257:MKNK2
4252:MKNK1
4242:MARK4
4237:MARK3
4232:MARK2
4227:MARK1
4207:STK11
4202:DAPK3
4197:DAPK2
4192:DAPK1
4187:CHEK2
4182:CHEK1
4167:CAMK4
4142:CAMK2
4117:CAMK1
4112:BRSK2
4006:PRKCQ
4001:PRKCI
3996:PRKCG
3991:PRKCH
3986:PRKCE
3981:PRKCD
3942:PRKG1
3874:IKBKG
3869:IKBKE
3818:STK10
3813:FASTK
3739:IDH3G
3734:IDH3B
3729:IDH3A
3695:BCKDK
3489:ROCK1
3474:STK38
3469:MAST2
3464:MAST1
3459:LATS2
3454:LATS1
3266:S2CID
3155:S2CID
3098:S2CID
2460:S2CID
2306:S2CID
2257:S2CID
2211:S2CID
2168:S2CID
2050:S2CID
1950:S2CID
1922:(PDF)
1785:S2CID
1596:39722
1442:RAD17
1425:HDAC2
1413:BRCA1
1289:Aging
1095:) or
780:Mouse
775:Human
746:Amigo
464:ovary
382:tibia
342:Mouse
335:Human
282:Start
217:Mouse
181:Start
114:Human
85:96916
6530:see
6509:see
6410:McsB
6334:PTK2
6274:PAK4
6269:PAK3
6264:PAK2
6259:PAK1
6198:IKK2
6193:CHUK
6166:GSK2
6161:GSK1
6047:RGKs
6042:Raps
6027:Arfs
6022:Rhos
6015:NRAS
6010:KRAS
6005:HRAS
5995:Rabs
5990:ARFs
5923:GNG8
5918:GNG7
5913:GNG5
5908:GNG4
5903:GNG3
5898:GNG2
5875:GNB5
5870:GNB4
5865:GNB3
5860:GNB2
5855:GNB1
5806:GNAQ
5801:GNAL
5796:GNAS
5791:GNAZ
5724:cGMP
5700:cGMP
5680:cAMP
5650:cAMP
5593:see
5514:list
5507:EC7
5501:list
5494:EC6
5488:list
5481:EC5
5475:list
5468:EC4
5462:list
5455:EC3
5449:list
5442:EC2
5436:list
5429:EC1
5005:TPK1
4981:CDC7
4939:MLKs
4932:KSR2
4927:KSR1
4922:BRAF
4917:ARAF
4912:RAFs
4647:CDK9
4642:CDK8
4637:CDK7
4632:CDK6
4622:CDK5
4617:CDK4
4612:CDK3
4602:CDK2
4597:CDK1
4578:PLK4
4573:PLK3
4568:PLK2
4563:PLK1
4518:PLK4
4513:PLK3
4508:PLK2
4503:PLK1
4450:PHKB
4406:MYLK
4377:TRIO
4347:SPEG
4342:SNRK
4302:PKD1
4297:PIM2
4292:PIM1
4277:PASK
4247:MELK
4177:CASK
4172:MLCK
4093:GRK6
4088:GRK5
4083:GRK4
4021:PKN3
4016:PKN2
3918:PRKY
3864:TBK1
3859:IKK2
3854:CHUK
3758:STK4
3724:IDH2
3609:PDK4
3604:PDK3
3599:PDK2
3594:PDK1
3573:WEE1
3568:Wee1
3536:mTOR
3524:AKT3
3519:AKT2
3514:AKT1
3504:SGK3
3499:SGK2
3330:PMID
3295:PMID
3258:PMID
3229:PMID
3200:PMID
3147:PMID
3090:PMID
3047:PMID
3006:PMID
2947:PMID
2899:PMID
2858:PMID
2831:PMID
2782:PMID
2736:PMID
2701:PMID
2634:PMID
2575:PMID
2516:PMID
2452:PMID
2417:PMID
2363:PMID
2249:PMID
2203:PMID
2160:PMID
2091:PMID
2042:PMID
1999:PMID
1942:PMID
1897:PMID
1827:OCLC
1817:ISBN
1777:PMID
1734:PMID
1699:PMID
1650:PMID
1601:PMID
1448:RHEB
1431:MSH2
1419:CHD4
1258:and
1192:Chk1
1170:and
1112:gene
1101:FRP1
325:Bgee
273:Band
234:Chr.
177:3q23
172:Band
131:Chr.
65:OMIM
6346:BTK
6032:Ran
6000:Ras
5586:MAP
5010:TTK
4974:ZAK
3551:HRI
3546:PKR
3494:SGK
3484:CIT
3368:ATR
3362:ATR
3320:doi
3287:doi
3250:doi
3221:doi
3190:doi
3137:doi
3082:doi
3070:411
3037:doi
3033:279
2996:PMC
2986:doi
2974:100
2939:doi
2889:doi
2885:276
2821:PMC
2813:doi
2772:doi
2768:274
2728:doi
2724:141
2691:PMC
2681:doi
2624:PMC
2614:doi
2565:PMC
2555:doi
2506:PMC
2496:doi
2444:doi
2407:PMC
2399:doi
2353:PMC
2345:doi
2333:347
2298:doi
2241:doi
2195:doi
2150:PMC
2140:doi
2136:123
2081:doi
2034:doi
2022:421
1989:PMC
1981:doi
1934:doi
1887:PMC
1879:doi
1769:doi
1757:300
1726:doi
1689:PMC
1681:doi
1640:PMC
1632:doi
1591:PMC
1581:doi
1437:P53
1237:ATM
1208:ATM
1177:RPA
1144:DNA
1109:ATR
1093:ATR
1010:n/a
801:545
498:n/a
295:End
194:End
97:OMA
93:ATR
73:MGI
52:ATR
24:ATR
6613::
6464::
5668:Gi
5664:Gs
3660:Îł
3645:β
3630:α
3418:EC
3412::
3328:.
3316:15
3314:.
3310:.
3293:.
3281:.
3264:.
3256:.
3244:.
3227:.
3217:11
3215:.
3198:.
3186:12
3184:.
3180:.
3153:.
3145:.
3135:.
3125:15
3123:.
3119:.
3096:.
3088:.
3080:.
3068:.
3045:.
3031:.
3027:.
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2994:.
2984:.
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2968:.
2945:.
2937:.
2925:38
2923:.
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2897:.
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2879:.
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2852:.
2829:.
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2809:14
2807:.
2803:.
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2089:.
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2075:.
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2040:.
2032:.
2020:.
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1987:.
1977:17
1975:.
1971:.
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288:bp
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187:bp
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79:;
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5881:G
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5751:α
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