121:
elements of group 2, 12, and 13. They are also well-established for third-period or heavier elements of groups 14–18 in their higher oxidation states.
672:
589:
385:
690:
341:
32:
59:
612:
8:
638:
Wittig, Georg (1966). "The role of ate complexes as reaction-determining intermediates".
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44:
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114:
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G. Wittig (1958). "Komplexbildung und
Reaktivität in der metallorganischen Chemie".
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202:
28:
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471:
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that share the same chemical formulas (with different charges). For example, the
79:
16:
Salt formed by a Lewis acid-base reaction where the acid atom loses formal charge
325:
684:
624:
266:
222:
140:. Lewis bases form onium ions when the central atom reacts with an acceptor (
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48:
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Z-type ligand), gaining one more bond and becoming a positive-charged
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X-type ligand), gaining one more bond and becoming a negative-charged
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496:
485:
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409:
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can refer to salts of the anions or esters of the functional groups.
125:
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20:
531:
504:
500:
492:
459:
413:
389:
369:
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337:
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269:) and the radicals and functional groups that share their names.
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451:
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is a generic solvent molecule that has become a negative ion by
105:, lithium tetramethylborate(1-). This concept was introduced by
582:
Advanced organic
Chemistry, Reactions, mechanisms and structure
401:
277:
145:
110:
75:
67:
51:. (In this definition, the meaning of valence is equivalent to
70:
to the element in question. For example, the ate complex of a
194:
168:
137:
71:
43:
whereby the central atom (from the Lewis acid) increases its
665:
Advanced
Organic Chemistry: Reactions and mechanisms
565:, which has gained one fluoride and two electrons.
538:one or more protons and twice as many electrons.
167:can refer generically to many negatively charged
682:
667:, Maya Shankar Singh, 2007, Dorling Kindersley,
272:Oxyanions derived from inorganic acids include:
439:Oxyanions derived from organic acids include:
193:) generally refer to the negatively charged
132:when the central atom reacts with a donor (
423:Partially deprotonated oxyanions, such as
221:; the nitrate functional group that forms
117:(groups 3-11), as well as the metallic or
600:
503:), along with their sulfur analogs, the
470:, along with their sulfur analogs, the
683:
637:
276:Fully deprotonated oxyanions, such as
109:in 1958. Ate complexes are common for
640:Quarterly Reviews, Chemical Society
124:Ate complexes are a counterpart to
13:
14:
702:
526:suffix also applies to negative
658:
631:
594:
575:
151:
1:
568:
7:
10:
707:
185:Chemical terms ending in
625:10.1002/ange.19580700302
519:of one or more protons.
201:, and covalently bonded
265:one or more protons to
691:Coordination chemistry
243:or nitrogen trioxide,
495:such as methanolate (
74:compound is called a
60:chemical nomenclature
47:and gains a negative
652:10.1039/QR9662000191
617:1958AngCh..70...65W
433:dihydrogenphosphate
128:. Lewis acids form
53:coordination number
499:) and ethanolate (
253:Most numerous are
86:react to form the
673:978-81-317-1107-1
604:Angewandte Chemie
584:3ed. Jerry March
556:boron trifluoride
540:Tetrafluoroborate
429:hydrogenphosphate
203:functional groups
115:transition metals
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326:sulfur oxoanions
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113:, including the
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543:
472:thiocarboxylate
425:hydrogensulfate
248:
244:
241:nitrate radical
237:
233:
230:
226:
216:
213:
212:
210:
154:
141:
133:
100:
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90:
80:trimethylborane
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12:
11:
5:
704:
694:
693:
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657:
646:(2): 191–210.
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509:
508:
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479:
474:ions, such as
437:
436:
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246:
235:
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223:nitrate esters
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9:
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494:
491:Deprotonated
490:
487:
483:
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477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
446:ions such as
445:
442:
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411:
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307:
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267:deprotonation
264:
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208:
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200:
196:
192:
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183:
181:
177:
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149:
147:
139:
131:
127:
122:
120:
119:semi-metallic
116:
112:
108:
89:
85:
84:methyllithium
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
56:
54:
50:
49:formal charge
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
664:
660:
643:
639:
633:
611:(3): 65–71.
608:
602:
596:
581:
577:
535:
528:fluoroanions
523:
521:
516:
510:
438:
386:perruthenate
354:percobaltate
271:
262:
252:
190:
186:
184:
180:ate compound
179:
173:
172:
164:
158:
157:
155:
129:
123:
107:Georg Wittig
88:ate compound
87:
63:
57:
33:the reaction
24:
18:
534:which have
482:Phosphonate
476:thioacetate
464:isobutyrate
444:Carboxylate
382:pertechnate
298:thiocyanate
156:The phrase
152:-ate suffix
25:ate complex
569:References
456:propionate
418:bismuthate
394:antimonate
324:and other
294:isocyanate
261:that have
239:; and the
197:, neutral
126:onium ions
41:Lewis base
37:Lewis acid
31:formed by
532:fluorides
513:lyate ion
505:thiolates
497:methoxide
486:sulfonate
410:tungstate
406:perxenate
398:tellurate
378:molybdate
362:germanate
358:nickelate
346:manganate
318:phosphate
306:aluminate
302:fulminate
282:carbonate
255:oxyanions
62:the term
58:Often in
21:chemistry
685:Category
501:ethoxide
493:alcohols
460:butyrate
414:plumbate
390:stannate
370:selenate
366:arsenate
342:chromate
338:vanadate
334:titanate
330:chlorate
314:silicate
259:oxyacids
199:radicals
176:compound
130:ate ions
68:suffixed
613:Bibcode
468:oxalate
452:acetate
448:formate
374:bromate
350:ferrate
322:sulfate
310:zincate
290:cyanate
286:nitrate
209:anion,
207:nitrate
165:ate ion
78:. Thus
45:valence
39:with a
671:
588:
536:gained
466:, and
431:, and
416:, and
402:iodate
278:borate
195:anions
169:anions
146:cation
111:metals
91:LiB(CH
76:borate
554:, is
488:ions.
189:(and
138:anion
72:boron
35:of a
27:is a
23:, an
669:ISBN
586:ISBN
524:-ate
522:The
517:loss
484:and
263:lost
234:−ONO
191:-ite
187:-ate
174:-ate
159:-ate
82:and
29:salt
648:doi
621:doi
404:,
328:,
245:•NO
232:or
227:−NO
178:or
163:or
161:ion
142:0 e
134:2 e
66:is
64:ate
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609:70
607:.
560:BF
558:,
544:BF
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530:,
511:A
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384:,
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304:,
300:,
296:,
292:,
288:,
284:,
280:,
250:.
225:,
211:NO
171:.
148:.
654:.
650::
627:.
623::
615::
562:3
550:4
547:−
507:.
478:.
435:.
420:.
257:(
247:3
236:2
229:3
217:3
214:−
101:4
98:−
95:)
93:3
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