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carved all over with vine branches, and the hollow (or, capitals) of them were sculptured and ornamented with cunning work in stone, and they were encircled with bands of gold and silver. And there were in the church four and twenty saints' chapels, and in them were placed four and twenty
Tabernacles of the Law (i.e. the arks that contained the Eucharistic Elements). And in one of these chapels was an image of our holy Lady, the Virgin Mary, the God-bearer, which was sculptured and inlaid with mother-of-pearl, and this image was apparelled in a garment that was made of the purple of Constantinople. And near the image of the Virgin Mary were sculptured the figures of two angels (i.e., Michael and Gabriel) which stood one on each side of it. And the lamps that were hanging before the image were made of gold and silver, and they ceased not to burn by day and by night, and kept them supplied and filled with oil.
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sophisticated in design, were also found. No matter how the pottery was made, floral decorations were found on almost all the finished and unfinished artifacts. Clay molds were also found in the middle
Ptolemaic era. They were circular in design with a sunken relief on one side. There was one artifact found from the early Ptolemaic era that was made from limestone, however the rest of the molds were made from clay.
73:
551:
Pottery itself from the workshops was also abundant, but compared to the figurines, it was simple in design. Made from either clay or terracotta, jugs that were Greek in design but clumsily crafted are found throughout the middle
Ptolemaic era. Most of the jugs were large in design, but smaller, more
535:
seemed to be popular throughout the findings at
Athribis. It is considered that these figurines could have been made in the pottery workshops. Most were made of terracotta, and others believe the figurines could have had more of a cult meaning. It is suggested that the Dionysus and Aphrodite figures,
415:
workshop during the early
Ptolemaic years. Most of the kilns were shaped in circular patterns. Early Byzantine lamps were being made in the area until the late fourth century AD. There was also a significant discovery of stored unfired pottery, which led to more evidence for a large pottery workshop.
526:
form. Many of the figurines depicted were heads of small dwarf-like creatures, and some were also used as oil lamps in the bathhouses. "Ptolemaic VI" is the phase that has been found to have the most artifacts or figurines. They were also more carefully crafted in design than other layers' findings
436:
In the church there were four doors, and in these four doors were four shrines, and above the four shrines were four canopies, which were supported by one hundred and sixty pillars, all of which were hewn out of white stone, and between each pillar was a distance of forty cubits. Each pillar was
536:
mostly erotic, could have played as a type of fertility cult in the bathhouse areas since a lot of the figurines were found in excavated remains of the bath area. Egyptian gods were also being depicted as Greek gods in the making of the figurines.
498:. Barbara Ruszczyc directed the works. The subsequent directors, Karol Myśliwiec and Hanna Szymańska, studied the older layers of the site, dating to the Roman and Ptolemaic periods. Annual reports were published in the “
869:
One
Hundred and Ten Miracles of Our Lady Mary Translated from Ethiopic Manuscripts ... with Extracts from Some Ancient European Versions and Illustrations from the Paintings in Manuscripts by Ethiopian
851:
One
Hundred and Ten Miracles of Our Lady Mary Translated from Ethiopic Manuscripts ... with Extracts from Some Ancient European Versions and Illustrations from the Paintings in Manuscripts by Ethiopian
548:, dated from the late second century. It shows that even though Athribis was mainly of Graeco-Roman influence at the time, Egyptian culture was still being used in some of their everyday lives.
617:
An
Egyptian hieroglyphic dictionary: with an index of English words, king list and geological list with indexes, list of hieroglyphic characters, coptic and semitic alphabets, etc. Vol II
360:
also had a temple built at
Athribis. He was an essential figure in Mediterranean trade and diplomacy. Local texts also suggest that the site used to have a temple dedicated to the god
470:
and co-operating institutions: the
Research Center for Mediterranean Archaeology of the Polish Academy of Sciences (now Institute of Mediterranean and Oriental Cultures, PAS), the
467:
458:
wrote a book on Athribis in Upper Egypt, so not to be confused with this Lower (northern) Egypt. It was published in 1908. Major excavations were started only after
336:. The former Amenhotep leveraged his influence to convince the pharaoh to patron the town and its local god. A local temple was rebuilt by Amenhotep III during the
1075:
388:. That was when it became the tenth lower Egyptian nome. Most of the Ptolemaic layers, mainly the ones dating to the 3rd century and the first half of the
392:, were not destroyed by later building activity or robbers. Evidence shows that Graeco-Roman occupation could have been as early as the "Ptolemaic II"
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332:, who gained considerable recognition and prestige in his time as a public official, architect, and scribe for pharaoh
475:
708:
Rowland, Joanne (2011). "An Old Kingdom mastaba and the results of the continued excavations at Quesna in 2010".
454:. Even though Athribis has been periodically excavated since the 19th century, it has yet to be fully excavated.
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621:
577:
479:
65:
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complex. In the 1960s and 1970s, research was conducted on Kom Sidi Youssuf to identify the early Christian
1090:
384:
Although Athribis was occupied during the later dynasties, the city didn’t gain real power until the early
662:
337:
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Mysliwiec, Karol; Poludnikiewicz, Anna (2003). "A Center of Ceramic Production in Ptolemaic Athribis".
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220:
615:
310:
463:
482:. The exploration of the so-called Kom A uncovered the foundations of temples from the reigns of
471:
314:
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This article is about the ancient city in Lower Egypt. For the ancient city in Upper Egypt, see
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and better preserved. Depictions of Egyptian and Greek gods and goddesses were also abundant.
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dating to the 13th century, Athribis was then a wealthy city with a huge church dedicated to
404:, villas, and industrial buildings. This is considered the eastern part of Athribis. Early
393:
373:
286:
178:
1006:
Mysliwiec, Karol (2013). "Archaeology Meeting Geophysics on Polish Excavations in Egypt".
784:
317:. Today, many of the preexisting artifacts are lost every year because local farmers like
8:
561:
733:
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348:, its true origin is unknown. Ramesses II also enlarged the local temple, placing two
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425:
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663:"أسماء بعض البلاد المصرية بالقبطية - كتاب لغتنا القبطية المصرية | St-Takla.org"
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statue shown with Dionysus. The god Silen was also depicted in one of the excavated
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600:
Dictionnaire des Noms Géographiques Contenus dans les Textes Hiéroglyphiques Vol. 4
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in black granite that are now located at the Egyptian Museum. Later, during the
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510:
340:, although it no longer stands today. One of the two lying lion statues at the
210:
1021:
Contributions of the University of California Archaeological Research Facility
993:
Mysliwiec, Karol (1992). "Polish-Egyptian Excavations at Tell Atrib in 1991".
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1028:
Petrie, William Matthew Flinders; Walker, J. H.; Knobel, Edward Ball (1908).
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282:
109:
96:
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466:. For 11 years, he directed an archaeological expedition organized by the
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345:
309:. After this, archeological evidence exists for an occupation during the
293:. This could perhaps have been confirmed in 2010 with the discovery of a
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on the hill of Kom Sidi Yusuf. The town lies around 40 km north of
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1023:. The George and Mary Foster Anthropology Library. pp. 133–152.
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432:, which was the oldest and most beautiful church in all of Egypt.
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Over 300 figurines were found throughout Athribis, mostly in the
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349:
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Polish Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology University of Warsaw
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290:
289:, with the earliest mention of Athribis dating to the reign of
502:” (since 1990) and “Études et Travaux” (since 1966) journals.
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is thought to be from the temple, but since it was usurped by
285:
indicates Egyptian occupation of the site dating back to the
250:
246:
214:
537:
258:
1052:
Szymanska, Hanna (2000). "Tell Atrib: Excavations, 1999".
1039:
Szymanska, Hanna (1999). "Tell Atrib: Excavations, 1998".
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Athribis was once the capital of the tenth Lower Egyptian
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excavations are at the northeastern part of the town.
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was being depicted as Aphrodite in some cases, or a
873:. Oxford University Press, H. Milford. p. 114.
855:. Oxford University Press, H. Milford. p. 116.
446:The first excavation of Athribis dates back to the
820:
744:
325:blocks that were used for most of the buildings.
1067:
396:. During the middle Ptolemaic era and up to the
564:– a now–destroyed pyramid located in Athribis.
866:Budge, Ernest Alfred Thompson Wallis (1923).
848:Budge, Ernest Alfred Thompson Wallis (1923).
824:Seventy Years of Polish Archaeology in Egypt
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1076:Ancient Greek archaeological sites in Egypt
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1038:
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808:
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573:List of ancient Egyptian towns and cities
785:"Inscriptions of Amenhotep, son of Hapu"
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509:
400:, Athribis was a busy town with a large
1054:Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean
1041:Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean
995:Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean
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500:Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean
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522:layers. Some of the artifacts were of
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328:It is also known as the birthplace of
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51:Block relief usurped by Ramesses II,
821:Laskowska-Kusztal, Ewa, ed. (2007).
261:. It was mainly occupied during the
771:Mysliwiec & Poludnikiewicz 2003
710:The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology
490:. The team also discovered a large
321:, fertilizer made from the ancient
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13:
877:
448:French invasion of Egypt and Syria
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1034:. School of archaeology in Egypt.
480:Egyptian Antiquities Organization
1086:Former populated places in Egypt
478:, the Coptic Committee, and the
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241:. It is located in present-day
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578:List of ancient Egyptian sites
514:Athribis, Roman era settlement
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1096:Archaeological sites in Egypt
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372:, was found along with other
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253:, on the eastern bank of the
614:Wallis Budge, E. A. (1920).
580:, including sites of temples
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472:National Museum in Warsaw
237:) was an ancient city in
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597:Gauthier, Henri (1927).
644:Pliny's Natural History
364:. In 1946, the tomb of
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648:Stephanus of Byzantium
568:Athribis (Upper Egypt)
515:
439:
426:Marian miracle stories
330:Amenhotep, son of Hapu
269:, and Byzantine eras.
18:Athribis (Upper Egypt)
634:Athribis is noted in
513:
464:Kazimierz Michałowski
450:and again in 1852 by
434:
430:Mary, mother of Jesus
110:30.46667°N 31.18333°E
1081:Roman sites in Egypt
394:archaeological phase
287:Old Kingdom of Egypt
245:, just northeast of
219:, from the original
1091:Tells (archaeology)
1008:Studia Quarternaria
642:iv. 5. § § 41, 51,
603:. pp. 140–141.
562:Pyramid of Athribis
506:Excavation findings
297:dating to the late
106: /
25:City in Lower Egypt
783:Doffinger, André.
516:
442:Excavation history
402:therma (bathhouse)
338:Eighteenth Dynasty
115:30.46667; 31.18333
834:978-83-903796-1-6
411:It was used as a
386:Ptolemaic Kingdom
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945:. Retrieved
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920:. Retrieved
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895:. Retrieved
891:
888:"Tell Atrib"
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175:ḥt tꜣ ḥrj jb
53:19th Dynasty
22:
1014:(2): 45–59.
794:20 December
754:Petrie 1908
622:John Murray
398:3rd century
374:Late Period
368:, queen of
346:Ramesses II
239:Lower Egypt
179:hieroglyphs
129:Lower Egypt
113: /
1070:Categories
938:"About Us"
585:References
524:terracotta
492:Roman bath
370:Psamtik II
305:in nearby
273:Background
243:Tell Atrib
101:31°11′00″E
98:30°28′00″N
738:190492551
716:: 11–29.
672:5 October
638:ii. 166,
636:Herodotus
546:oil lamps
533:Aphrodite
520:Ptolemaic
406:Byzantine
358:Ahmose II
301:to early
263:Ptolemaic
1060:: 77–82.
1047:: 71–76.
1031:Athribis
1001:: 24–28.
947:3 August
922:3 August
897:3 August
730:23269885
556:See also
542:Hercules
529:Dionysus
496:basilica
350:obelisks
323:mudbrick
255:Damietta
199:Athribis
79:Athribis
32:Athribis
913:"PAM 1"
870:Artists
852:Artists
640:Ptolemy
484:Taharqa
413:pottery
376:tombs.
366:Takhuit
313:of the
295:mastaba
216:Ἄθριβις
126:Country
831:
736:
728:
646:9.11;
488:Amasis
474:, the
319:sebakh
307:Quesna
291:Sahure
281:. The
234:Ⲁⲑⲣⲏⲃⲓ
229:Coptic
203:Arabic
734:S2CID
726:JSTOR
267:Roman
251:Cairo
247:Benha
211:Greek
207:أتريب
949:2020
924:2020
899:2020
829:ISBN
796:2017
674:2023
538:Isis
531:and
486:and
279:nome
259:Nile
39:City
718:doi
651:sv.
462:by
177:in
1072::
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
