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depend on the relative orientation of the spherically harmonic wave mode with respect to the axis of the planet. This can be shown to be a consequence of the underlying (approximate) spherical symmetry of the planet, even though this symmetry is broken by the planet's rotation.
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shape. Spherical harmonics, representing individual Rossby-Haurwitz planetary wave modes, can have any orientation with respect to the axis of rotation of the planet. Remarkably - while the very existence of these planetary wave modes
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The mechanism for the forcing of the wave, for example, the generation of the initial or prolonged disturbance in the atmospheric variables, can vary. Generally, waves are either excited by
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249:. The sound wave propagates in the atmosphere though a series of compressions and expansions parallel to the direction of propagation.
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when considering wave motion), the types of waves and their propagation characteristics vary latitudinally, principally because the
340:"Elementary properties of non-Linear Rossby-Haurwitz planetary waves revisited in terms of the underlying spherical symmetry"
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the rotation of the planet around its polar axis - the phase velocity of the individual wave modes does
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inertio-gravity waves (also include a significant
Coriolis effect as opposed to "normal" gravity waves)
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Atmospheric waves, associated with a small dust storm of north western Africa on 23 September 2011.
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Because the propagation of the wave is fundamentally caused by an imbalance of the
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Longuet-Higgins, M.S. (1964). "Planetary Waves on a
Rotating Sphere".
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by the temperature contrasts between continents and oceans in the
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154:. This wave forcing of the flow is particularly important in the
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127:. Heating effects can be small-scale (like the generation of
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acting on the air (which is often thought of in terms of
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are used. When considering a section of a wave along a
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In the mathematical description of atmospheric waves,
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effects, for example the obstruction of the flow by
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270:(can be seen in the troughs and ridges of 500
79:. Atmospheric waves with periods which are
31:is a periodic disturbance in the fields of
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286:At the equator, mixed Rossby-gravity and
237:(usually eliminated from the atmospheric
230:There are four different types of waves:
71:scale from large-scale planetary waves (
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392:An Introduction to Dynamic Meteorology
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219:on horizontal flow is maximal at the
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274:geopotential caused by midlatitude
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247:longitudinal or compression waves
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185:circle, this is equivalent to a
338:Toorn, Ramses van der (2019).
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63:). Atmospheric waves range in
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164:sudden stratospheric warmings
241:due to their high frequency)
146:Atmospheric waves transport
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300:Atmospheric thermodynamics
172:quasi-biennial oscillation
357:10.3934/math.2019.2.279
290:can also be observed.
166:and the deposition by
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415:Atmospheric dynamics
57:) or be stationary (
239:equations of motion
179:spherical harmonics
141:Northern hemisphere
41:geopotential height
390:Holton, James R.:
261:of the atmosphere)
170:gives rise to the
95:Causes and effects
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89:atmospheric tides
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344:AIMS Mathematics
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257:(require stable
223:and zero at the
37:surface pressure
35:variables (like
29:atmospheric wave
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385:Further reading
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109:mountain ranges
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268:Rossby waves
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160:Rossby waves
156:stratosphere
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137:Rossby waves
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75:) to minute
73:Rossby waves
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26:
235:sound waves
213:air parcels
77:sound waves
45:temperature
33:atmospheric
409:Categories
327:: 446–473.
306:References
245:These are
187:sinusoidal
152:dissipates
133:convection
374:239363997
366:2473-6988
253:internal
143:winter).
111:like the
85:solar day
81:harmonics
294:See also
276:cyclones
192:requires
183:latitude
148:momentum
69:temporal
225:equator
119:or the
115:in the
105:dynamic
101:heating
65:spatial
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209:forces
125:Europe
420:Waves
394:2004
370:S2CID
221:poles
83:of 1
47:, or
396:ISBN
362:ISSN
278:and
121:Alps
117:U.S.
67:and
352:doi
325:279
272:hPa
196:not
131:by
123:in
103:or
39:or
27:An
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