234:
the proposal. Auckland City was the principal supporter of the initiative. A Bill to create the ARA was introduced to
Parliament in 1961 but the Establishment Committee then thought better of it and it was withdrawn from the Parliamentary process by the Government. Robinson sought compromises about what was to be included (the Auckland Harbour Board, Electricity Supply Authorities and North Shore Drainage Board were excluded), on representation (appointment by the Local Authorities was used in the first term), on funding (direct rating was excluded) and restricting the role so only specifically empowered functions were allowed. Opposition continued with some parties implacably opposed, others wanting sub-regional councils and some promoting an alternative, much more limited Bill to Parliament. Through a good relationship with the Prime Minister
351:
larger territorial councils were regional roads and a role in stormwater on the isthmus. Anticipating a greater role in the region's governance and needing better accommodation for its staff, the ARC commenced acquisition of a new headquarters in Pitt St, completed in 1990. It was a controversial move, the building later criticised by an Audit Office review for being out-sized. The ARC had a guarantee from the developer of rental of the extra space but the failure of that guarantor, owned and asset stripped by
Equiticorp, left it worthless. The controversy helped in creating a political justification for the subsequent separation of many of the ARC's functions.
362:, was created. However this was voluntary, with the exception of transport, where council road design and delivery operations were required to be corporatised. Council bus operations were likewise required to be corporatised, with the ARC bus operation emerging in 1991 as Transport Auckland Ltd, trading as the Yellow Bus Company. The ARC studied forming its commercial operations into LATEs held under a holding company, but was injuncted by Auckland City Council in respect of the water and wastewater function and had a failure of political will in execution.
251:. Other functions taken over were regional planning, from the Auckland Regional Planning Authority, bulk sewage collection and treatment (south of the harbour only) from the Auckland Metropolitan Drainage Board, and bus passenger transport from the Auckland Transport Board. Water supply activities included constructing further bulk water storage dams, and treatment and water distribution works. Other achievements were completing and upgrading the Manukau wastewater treatment plant, creating the largest bus fleet in the country at the time, constructing
45:
417:
339:
323:, consistent with its policy of corporatising and privatising government-owned entities, looked to other quasi-commercial entities to apply the same process to. Power boards received early attention, but local government was not considered as potential owners of these and their corporatisations proceeded separately. Port authorities were considered part of local government and the Auckland Harbour Board was corporatised in 1988 as
1090:
377:(formed 1992) was one resulting company, the largest local government corporatisation in New Zealand. The Auckland Regional Services Trust was later required to privatise the Yellow Bus Company, which was bought by Stagecoach. The ARC later recovered the Ports of Auckland shareholding when ARST was wound up, and later forcibly purchased the minority shares.
373:, took the process further. He promoted legislation requiring that the remaining ARC corporatisations take place and transferred ownership of the resulting companies from the ARC to a new short-lived body, the Auckland Regional Services Trust (ARST). The businesses transferred included the shareholding in Ports of Auckland and the Yellow Bus Company.
428:, a move which was met with criticism from some politicians of the concerned Councils who normally regulate such matters. This criticism surfaced especially during a short-lived 2006 debate on further integration of the Auckland area, where many of the proposals included a proposed abolishment of the ARC, or a changed, less independent role.
233:
as models. He started with a draft comprehensive empowering bill but soon ran into opposition, with some
Establishment Committee members deliberately avoiding meetings, and the Mayors of the many small boroughs fearing for the ability of their bodies to continue to govern themselves, lobbying against
334:
and it was corporatised in 1988, with the shareholding split between the
Government and Auckland local authorities. Substantial airport reserves were also dispersed to the same parties. The ARA had no ongoing role, despite being the representative of the region's councils in the former joint venture
281:
had a tight inner city underground ring, operating in one direction only. The existing suburban rail line routes were to be used with track duplication to avoid freight conflicts, with extensions to
Hobsonville and Howick and two new lines; under the harbour to Whangaparaoa and south to the Airport.
713:
The legacy of the
Regional Council is primarily in the acceptance by Aucklanders and central government that a single government organisation for Auckland was needed. This resulted in the Auckland Council. The most enduring material things are the former Regional Parks now the dominant part of what
276:
The ARA turned its attention to commuter transport. It commissioned a comprehensive transportation plan completed in 1965 – the De Leuw Cather reports. The rail aspect of this made little progress with minimal support from
Authority politicians and staff, from Central Government and opposition from
224:
in standing for Mayor of
Auckland City in 1959 campaigned on wanting to unify all of Auckland. Once elected he sought to build a consensus for reform, starting in 1960 with a meeting of 400 local body politicians from 32 local bodies. An Auckland Regional Authority Establishment Committee resulted.
439:
Of the rates collected by the ARC, 50% would go to fund public transport via ARTA, which is to amount to NZ$ 155 million in 2007/2008, up from $ 124 million in the preceding 2-year period 2006/2007. The ARC also managed regional parks with 400 km and 150 km of coastline, for which 15% of
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From then on and despite the focus of successor organisations on public transport, ARA had a mixed record on the matter, in 1983 going so far as to propose abolishing the
Auckland railway system altogether. As late as 1987, major ARA transport strategy reports were still paying little attention to
280:
The return in 1968 of Dove-Myer
Robinson to the Auckland Mayoralty and as a member of the Authority marked a return to progress. A more detailed plan of a rapid transit system was worked on, and a planning committee known as Auckland Rapid Transit was formed. The scheme design as finalised in 1972
350:
concluded a reform of all local government in New Zealand. This greatly reduced the number of territorial councils in Auckland but did not materially alter the ARA, which essentially retained its previous functions under the new name of Auckland Regional Council. Two functions transferred to the
440:
its total funding is spent. A further 19% was spent on ecological concerns, such as water quality and protecting ecosystems. Other minor percentages funded areas like "built environment" (4%), "safety" (1%), "economic development" (3%) and "regional leadership and community development" (8%).
409:, as well as significant rail and public transport investment. Soon after, the Council purchased those shares in private hands Ports of Auckland to fund the improvements with the dividends. In the final period before its subsumation into Auckland Council, the ARC was concentrating on the
255:
representing local government in a joint venture with central government and creating the regional parks network, founded on the Centennial Memorial Park in the Waitākere Ranges which was transferred from Auckland City Council control and added to first with the purchase of what became
238:, Robinson persuaded the Government to support his second compromise Bill in 1962, which was passed. Many of the compromises persisted though the duration of the ARA and its successor, the ARC. Robinson was rewarded with his election by the Authority members as its first chairman.
267:
Despite the massive public support for Regional Parks even they were the subject of political division with the rural based district councils successfully resisting paying a contribution towards them. They were essentially built for the urban population and paid for by them.
327:, with the majority shareholding held by the ARA and the minority by Waikato local government. Some non-commercial assets and maritime regulation came to the ARA. The ARA at one stage looked to sell its holding in the port company but the proposal was defeated politically.
380:
Watercare did not continue ownership of the catchment lands in the Waitakere and Hunua Ranges, taking a lease from the Council of the dam, pipeline and lake areas only. The result was the largest addition to the land in Regional Parks in the ARC's history.
246:
The ARC was preceded by the Auckland Regional Authority (ARA), which was formed in 1963. The ARA took over a number of existing operations from other bodies. One of its first areas of responsibility was bulk water supply, which it assumed from
431:
One of the mainstays of the ARC's work was expanding the parks network, which as of 2010 included 26 regional parks with more than 40,000 hectares, including many restored natural habitats and sanctuaries developed in co-operation with the
405:(ARTA) followed the return of assets to the Auckland Regional Council in 2004. They picked up on projects initiated by the ARC, territorial local authorities and government agencies such as Transit NZ. These included projects like the
263:
Functions added at later dates included a regional role operating and regulating refuse disposal, regional roads, the regional water board under the Water and Soil Conservation Act 1967 and harbour master and marine regulation.
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of the region, but its regulatory power and funding abilities were restricted to areas such as public transport, environmental protection and regional parks. The ARC was an elected body, and collected its own
284:
The station spacings were larger than the existing system and travel speeds would be much higher. Local opposition and obstruction within the elected ARA members continued, as there was from the
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The ruling Labour government showed little enthusiasm for the scheme and proposed a cheaper alternative in 1973 which the ARA seized upon, to Robinson's dismay. The
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public transport. In 1975 a documentary was released which charts the short history of the Auckland Rapid Transit project, presented by project manager Ian Mead.
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Presentation to joint conference of New Zealand Geographical Society / Australian Institute of Geographers conference, University of Otago, Dunedin
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was the end of the scheme. It has been mythologised since then as "Robbies Rapid Rail". ART was disbanded in 1976.
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There had been earlier attempts to rationalise Auckland's local government dating back to the early 1900s.
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463:(ARTA) – was responsible for planning, funding and developing the Auckland regional land transport system
398:. In 2003 the ARC commenced direct rating and ceased to collect levies through the territorial councils.
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900:. Urban Planning Program, Faculty of Architecture, Building & Planning, University of Melbourne
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920:"START...STOP...A FILM ABOUT THE AUCKLAND RAPID TRANSIT PROJECT 1974-1975"
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894:"The American Heresy: Half a century of transport planning in Auckland"
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the Auckland Council identifies as its Premier and Regional Parks.
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Submission to the Auckland Governance Legislation Select Committee
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John Edgar 2012 Urban Legend Sir Dove-Meyer Robinson. Hodder Moa.
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The Government also wanted a more commercial arrangement for the
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In its final years, the ARC had been getting more involved in
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Summary Draft Annual Plan and amendments to the ten-year plan
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Summary Draft Annual Plan and amendments to the ten-year plan
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Summary Draft Annual Plan and amendments to the ten-year plan
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Summary Draft Annual Plan and amendments to the ten-year plan
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Public transport funding gap highlighted in ARC Draft LTCCP
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The following have served as chairpersons of ARA or ARC:
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The power to corporatise local government operations as
196:(one of the former local government authorities) of the
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Natural environments and heritage – How we will do this
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For the current authority of the Auckland Region, see
1091:"Timeline of Auckland Mayors: An Online Exhibition"
805:. Auckland Regional Council. July 2010. p. 4.
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389:The ARC had an umbrella function covering all the
1140:"ARC chairman Phil Warren dies of a heart attack"
946:"Auckland council washing its hands of former HQ"
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411:electrification of the Auckland railway network
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892:Mees, Paul; Dodson, Jago (1 February 2001).
739:Lee, Mike (July 2010). "From the Chairman".
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973:John Law: Our mayors should anchor the ARC
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768:, Auckland Regional Council, 26 June 2009
420:Auckland Regional Council sign and office
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231:Melbourne and Metropolitan Board of Works
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1016:". ARC press release. 27 February 2005.
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743:. Auckland Regional Council. p. 1.
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847:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
242:Auckland Regional Authority, 1963–1989
1265:2010 disestablishments in New Zealand
461:Auckland Regional Transport Authority
403:Auckland Regional Transport Authority
1042:Regional parks – How we will do this
990:Supersized rates bill for super city
778:History of Auckland City – Chapter 4
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385:Auckland Regional Council, 1989–2010
227:Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto
1138:Orsman, Bernard (23 January 2002).
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356:local-authority trading enterprises
315:Local government reforms, 1980s–90s
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791:website. Accessed 7 June 2008)
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332:Auckland International Airport
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474:Auckland regional councillors
1207:"Premier and regional parks"
1113:"The father of Manukau City"
1064:leaflet, April 2007, Page 8)
1048:leaflet, April 2007, Page 6)
1032:leaflet, April 2007, Page 4)
686:Fergie Schischka – 1972–1979
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1093:. Auckland Council Archives
342:ARC headquarters in Pitt St
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994:The New Zealand Herald
977:The New Zealand Herald
951:The New Zealand Herald
868:"Auckland Underground"
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319:In the late 1980s the
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200:. Its predecessor the
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365:Bassett's successor,
358:(LATEs), modelled on
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249:Auckland City Council
872:Archives New Zealand
689:Hugh Aimer – 1979–84
401:The creation of the
391:cities and districts
293:OPEC oil price shock
288:and railway unions.
212:on 1 November 2010.
996:. 9 September 2006.
829:on 12 February 2013
783:13 May 2008 at the
426:land use regulation
305:National government
35:Te Rauhītanga Taiao
1213:on 30 October 2012
979:. 6 November 2006.
506:Dove-Myer Robinson
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375:Watercare Services
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741:Region Wide
620:Phil Warren
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