Rabaa massacre - Knowledge

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Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights, said an investigation must be launched into the killing of "up to 1,000 people by security forces" almost four months ago when they dispersed sit-ins by supporters of deposed president Mohamed Morsi. "There can be no hope for the rule of law and political stability in Egypt, much less some modicum of justice for victims, without accountability for what may be the single biggest incident of mass killing in Egypt's recent history," said Gasser Abdel-Razak, associate director at the Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights. "As a first step toward accountability, the government should establish an effective independent fact-finding committee to investigate responsibility throughout the chain of command for the unlawful killings," the rights groups said. They said that on 14 August a "small minority of protesters used firearms... but the police responded excessively by shooting recklessly, going far beyond what is permitted under international law." "After the unprecedented levels of violence and casualties seen since the ousting of Mohamed Morsi, investigations must provide real answers and cannot be another whitewash of the security forces' record," Hassiba Hadj Sahraoui of Amnesty International said in the statement. "Egypt's authorities cannot deal with the carnage through PR in world's capitals, rewriting events and locking up Morsi's supporters." The groups also said the probe should determine whether there is any evidence of a policy to kill protesters or commit other serious crimes.

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could have unpredictable consequences for Egypt and for its broader neighbourhood." Just before EU foreign ministers were scheduled to meet, they also warned Egypt's army and interim government that it was ready to "review" ties failing an end to violence and return to dialogue. They two issued statements that read further escalation could have "unpredictable consequences" for Egypt and the region. "The calls for democracy and fundamental freedoms from the Egyptian population cannot be disregarded, much less washed away in blood. In co-operation with its international and regional partners, the EU will remain firmly engaged in efforts to promote an end to violence, resumption of political dialogue and return to a democratic process. To this effect, together with its member states, the EU will urgently review in the coming days its relations with Egypt and adopt measures aimed at pursuing these goals." High Representative for Foreign Policy

897:. Interim Prime Minister Hazem el-Beblawi defended the state's reactions and praised the security forces saying that "we found that matters had reached a point that no self respecting state could accept...the spread of anarchy and attacks on hospitals and police stations." He also recommended the dissolution of the Muslim Brotherhood. He further noted that Egypt was headed in the "right direction" and that he did "not fear civil war." In reaction to consideration of cutting aid funds from the U.S. and the EU, he defiantly said that it would be "a bad sign" in cutting of aid, but that while that would "badly affect the military for some time," Egypt would survive as "let's not forget that Egypt went with the Russian military for support and we survived. So, there is no end to life. You can live with different circumstances." It also follows Saudi Arabia's promise to fill in the aid vacuum. 1057:, amongst others, to help find a resolution to the conflict. The panel was in Egypt from the end of July to early August. AU spokesman El Ghassim Wane said: "We have formally written to the Egyptian interim authorities to inform them of the intention of the panel to come back to Egypt, and we look forward to the cooperation of both the interim authorities and all Egyptians. The plans are for the panel to go back to Egypt as early as week. The Peace and Security Council has urged that preparations be expedited for the panel to go back to Egypt. Further polariSation of the situation in Egypt or escalation of violence will have far-reaching implications both for Egypt, the region and the African continent as a whole. And this is why the AU is making sustained efforts to contribute to the ongoing efforts, based of course, on the ownership by the Egyptian stakeholders themselves." 516:, the plan was to disperse the six-week-old sit-ins gradually by forming cordons around the two sites as early as dawn Monday, 12 August, allowing protesters to leave but preventing others from getting in, to minimize casualties before using water cannons and tear gas. Leaked news of the plan prompted thousands of protesters to defiantly flood into two protest camps, prompting police to postpone the move as the protesters fortified the sit-in camps. In Rabaa, men with helmets, sticks and what appeared to be protective sports equipment guarded barricades made of sandbags, truck tires and brick. They also built three concrete waist-high barriers to stop armored vehicles from entering the camps. 551:" tried to join those besieged by the security forces but they were driven away when police fired tear gas. All entrances to Rabaa were blocked by security forces. Brotherhood spokesman Gehad El-Haddad alleged that police snipers fired at Rabaa protesters from the rooftop of surrounding buildings and protesters also said that snipers fired down on those trying to flee or reach safety. In the afternoon, the protesters managed to push the police back to the point where they could get into a makeshift hospital. Shortly before dusk, soldiers and police officers renewed their push and protestors were forced to flee. Government forces seized control, destroying what remained of the protest camp. 701:

Fridays where the curfew remained from 19:00–06:00. On 12 September, Egypt's interim government decided to extend the state of emergency for 2 more months, until 14 November, along with the curfew which remained unchanged. Starting 21 September, the curfew was again shortened by two hours to 00:00–05:00 excluding Fridays where the curfew was shortened by only one hour to 19:00–05:00. On 24 October, the curfew was again shortened by one hour to 01:00–05:00 excluding Fridays where the curfew remained from 19:00–05:00. The state of emergency and curfew was lifted at 16:00 on 12 November, two days earlier than expected, following a ruling by the administrative court.

1687:– A statement by an unnamed branch of government read that the government had "great concern" over the events and that it sent its condolences to the families of those killed. "At this critical moment, it is particularly important that the security forces and the protesters themselves exercise due restraint to avoid the irreversible consequences of violence. The Egyptian people have shown to the whole world their determination to live in peace and democracy. To achieve this aspiration the participation of all political and social forces is needed, without delay, in a national dialogue to make possible the return of institutional normality to Egypt." 915:

country. room for everyone conspire . The will of the Egyptian people is free, their will is free, they can choose whomever they want to rule them, and we are the guardians of this will. The army and the police right now are the guardians of the will of the people with regard to choosing who their leaders will be. I said previously that Egyptians if they want to change the world, they are capable of that, and I tell the Egyptian people now that if you want to build Egypt and its future, you will and you can, and you can make it 'Egypt the mother of all nations' Egypt will be as big as the world itself, with God's will.

2013: 1342: 488: 1108:'s spokesman Martin Nesirky said: "In the aftermath of today's violence, the secretary-general urges all Egyptians to concentrate their efforts on promoting genuinely inclusive reconciliation. it appears that hundreds of people were killed or wounded in clashes between security forces and demonstrators." He added that "the secretary-general is alarmed by ongoing developments in Egypt and the widespread outbreak of violent protests and excessive use of force in handling them," and that attacks against churches, hospitals and other public facilities were condemned "which he finds unacceptable." 710: 558:, a pro-Morsi group, reiterated its rejection of violence and called on its members to continue to protest "to stop the massacre". The attacks set off retaliatory clashes and protest marches. Protesters blocked important roads, including the Ring Road, a key route that connects many of Cairo's major districts. Crowds of Morsi supporters marched toward eastern Cairo in the late morning, running into a barrage of gunfire as they confronted police lines. Separately, a number of attacks on police stations occurred around the country. Interior Minister 1739: 1822: 1244: 1812:'s office issued a statement that read: "It is clear that the international community, by supporting the military coup and remaining silent over previous massacres instead of protecting democracy and constitutional legitimacy in Egypt, has encouraged the current administration to carry out today's intervention. The international community, especially the UN Security Council and the Arab League, must act immediately to stop this massacre." It also announced that Erdogan had spoken to UN Secretary General 1096: 920:

necessary and said police had confiscated guns and other weapons from the camps. The government renewed its promise to pursue an army-backed political transition plan in "a way that strives not to exclude any party". Egyptian Ambassador to the UK Ashraf el-Kholy defended the dispersal and blamed the Muslim Brotherhood for causing the difficulties, saying: "Of course they did nothing but return fire. If you have somebody firing at you then you have to respond." Party spokesman Mona al-Qazzaz said:

1836: 591:, while the interior ministry said that at least seven Coptic Christian churches had been vandalised or torched by Islamists. One Coptic rights group, Maspero Youth Union (MYU), estimated that as many as 36 churches were devastated by fire across nine Egyptian governorates including in Minya, Sohag and Assiut, and many other churches were looted or stormed in the ensuing street violence. Christian activists accused Morsi supporters of waging "a war of retaliation against Copts in Egypt." 1558: 1855: 988:

seriously injured, as well as dozens of bodies torched in still unexplained circumstances. We believe the security apparatus could have avoided this human tragedy if it had complied with international rules and standards for the dispersal of assemblies. Moreover, in the past weeks, the security authorities have failed to do their duty to take the necessary legal measures to protect public security and citizens, particularly residents and passersby in the aforementioned two areas"

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destabilising and disruptive and representing "a threat to the Egyptian national security and an unacceptable terrorizing of citizens," accusing the pro-Morsi side of provoking bloodshed to win sympathy. They also considered the standoff a hinder to putting Egypt on a "roadmap" to restoring civilian democracy, with a new constitution and new elections. The government threatened a raid on the protest camps on multiple occasions. An ultimatum was issued prior to 14 August, although

476:. Prior to the anti-Morsi uprising, supporters of the deposed president occupied two squares – Rabaa al-Adawiya in Nasr City, Cairo and al-Nahda in Giza – originally to celebrate the one-year anniversary of his presidency, but from 3 July onwards to protest his ouster, vowing to remain there until Morsi was reinstated. Authorities delayed clearing the two protest camps as internal and external reconciliation processes were established to attempt to resolve the crisis peacefully. 1646: 1640:– The foreign ministry issued a statement that read forbearance by all sides in Egypt was of "the highest national interest" and that it was suspending the work of its Cairo consular section as a precaution for two days. Of the about 60,000 Russians in the country at the moment, according to the Russian Tourism Board, the foreign ministry had urged its citizens to refrain from traveling to Egypt and those in the country should avoid big cities and venues of rallies. 1309:

French people already in Egypt to avoid big cities as Egypt was "in chaos." The foreign ministry released a statement that offered condolences to the families of the violence and read it was "strongly deploring the violence which took place in Cairo during the evacuation operations. "essential this violence ceases, and that a logic of appeasement prevails. France calls on all parties to exercise the utmost restraint and warns against disproportionate use of force."

1138: 9019: 866:'s investigation blamed both the police and protestors for the incident. The investigation blamed the police for using excessive force, and the protestors for being armed. The NCHR blamed security forces for using excessive gunfire and failing to protect peaceful protestors during the crackdown on the sit-in. According to the report, gunmen inside the sit-in shot at police officers, provoking a violent response from police and an escalation in violence. 1539: 1891: 1360: 1171: 9029: 1665: 1226: 1525: 1263: 1753: 1392: 1185: 1910: 1618: 1282: 1792: 1436: 1506: 1063: 66: 1693: 1600: 1471: 1315: 1378: 1716: 624: 1577: 1207: 1632: 1296: 9039: 1417: 1679: 9049: 1708:, issued a statement that read "a battle between right and wrong, between faith and deception, between bare chests and criminal bullets." It also said of the dispersal that it was a "Zionist-Christian plot" and that Islam is now "faced with a war that does not want to see Islam prevail or lead, even if it comes through the ballot boxes. reject this injustice and to halt the horrible human slaughter." 1090:

option that could include cutbacks in Europe's 5 billion euro package of grants and loans promised last year, as well as a possible arms embargo The European Union restricted exports of security equipment and arms to Egypt, while Ashton said that aid would remain in place to the most "vulnerable" groups and to civil society. She also said that the member states were reassessing their export licenses.

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the Egyptian society to build a political dialog for the benefit of stability and prosperity of the country and the region" and "orders a cease to the violent acts committed by the public force that deters the safety of citizens and foreigners in Egypt." It added that it was ready to assist its citizens in Egypt through the embassy in Cairo and would seek to move its citizens from Egypt to Istanbul.

1969:. Al Jazeera suggested that the Egypt conflict divided the U.S. and its other "long-time" regional partners over their stance on the issue. Qatari-owned Al Jazeera also singled out Qatar as an exception to the Gulf Arab counties which were supportive of the ousting of Morsi. It also highlighted the Gulf Arab reversion for the Muslim Brotherhood as a potential destabiliser to its own regimes. 1571:

Foreign Ministry issued a statement that read: "The marked deterioration of peace and order in Egypt, exacerbated by the ongoing political instability and grave security challenges in that country, make working and living there increasingly difficult and dangerous." Rosario also met with a teenaged Filipino-Egyptian girl who was wounded by a stray bullet during clashes in Helwan.

611:: "Anti-coup rallies tomorrow will depart from all mosques of Cairo and head towards Ramsis square after Jumaa prayer in 'Friday of Anger'." The party also released a statement that read: "Despite the pain and sorrow over the loss of our martyrs, the latest coup makers' crime has increased our determination to end them." By 20 August, the leader of the Muslim Brotherhood, 596:

return to the streets to continue protesting against the crackdown and coup. Egyptian banks and its stock market were closed through 15 August. Rail travel into and out of Cairo was also suspended. In Giza, hundreds of Morsi supporters set fire to local government offices. The government then authorised the use of live ammunition on anyone attacking state buildings.

1179:– An unknown government agency in the country that held the rotating presidency of the UN Security Council at the time of the incident condemned it. A statement read: "The brutal repression against popular protests that won the streets of the main cities of Egypt... totally and immediately cease the spiral of violence loosed in recent days against unarmed citizens." 906:

aid we receive as well." He also said in light of international criticism of the move: "The attempts to internationalize the discussions about this event is something that Egypt rejects. I ask the foreign ministry to review the foreign aid of the past and to see if those aids are used in an optimal way." In the wake of continued protests and violence, army chief

1386:– The foreign ministry released a statement that called the events a "massacre" and that "while denouncing the violent clashes and condemning the killing of people, expresses its deep concern regarding the horrible consequences. Undoubtedly the current approach to developments in Egypt strengthens the likelihood of civil war in this great Islamic country." 1495:." An unknown government agency issued a statement that read: "Libya believes that what is happening in Egypt... is strictly an internal Egyptian affair in which the Libyan government will not interfere." It also supported measures at consensus building, safety and security in Egypt, while expressing "deep regret and pain for lost lives and bloodshed." 787:, 61, was killed. Deane was an experienced journalist who had previously worked for CNN before working for Sky News for 15 years. Photos of Deane's body showed that he was wearing a helmet that clearly identified him as a journalist. The CPJ said Deane was the 1000th journalist it had confirmed killed worldwide. Egyptian journalist 1463:, called for renewed protests in support of Morsi and warned Egypt's military that it had fallen into a "conspiracy" hatched by the U.S. and Israel to weaken Muslims and that the military was a "tool for corrupt and tyrant military regimes." It also called on its local supporters to protest outside the Egyptian embassy in Amman. 839:(Al-Hurrya wa Al-Adala) / Misr 25 journalist Radwa Al-Selawi. Previously during the 2013 political violence in Egypt, photojournalist Ahmed Assem el-Senousy was killed on 8 July 2013 as a result of sniper fire, while covering a protest. In total, five journalists were killed since political violence erupted after July 2013. 1947:

freedom." After Friday prayers, thousands of protesters gathered in several cities across Indonesia, calling for an end to any violence in Egypt. At a sit-in near the Egyptian embassy in Algiers, dozens of Egyptians, mostly students, protested against violence and denounced the events as "against the Egyptian people."

1483:' Foreign Affairs Committee, Amna Amtair, said that the committee would meet the next day to take important measures regarding the Egyptian situation, but were postponed from meeting on the day itself due to damage done by a renegade group of young Amazigh who broke into the GNC following a demonstration. The 954:

further accused the Muslim Brotherhood of being responsible for the unrest in the country with its allegedly inciting speeches, defiance of the state and disrespect of the will of what they suggested was a majority of the people and of the army that deepened the polarisation. Former presidential candidate

1942:, while an unnamed cleric called on Kuwaitis to protest after Friday prayers outside of the U.S. embassy. Other protests were held in Tel Aviv and Gaza, as well as Turkey, Tunisia and Jordan. In Ankara, about 300 protesters gathered outside the Egyptian embassy, then went to the U.S. embassy and chanted 1533:– Ministry of Foreign Affairs issued a statement that urged restraint from all sides and called for the Egyptian government to release political prisoners. "The government of Pakistan expresses its dismay and deep concern over the use of force by the Egyptian security forces against unarmed civilians." 1848:

issued a statement that read: "I am deeply concerned at the escalating violence and unrest in Egypt. I condemn the use of force in clearing protests and call on the security forces to act with restraint." It was also announced that the country had advised its citizens in the country not to partake in

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said: "I am deeply pained at what is going on in Egypt, and at the loss of human life there. I was hoping that the squares where the sit-ins took place would empty out once the parties had reached an agreement, and not through the intervention of the police, which doesn't make it any easier to find a

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said: "No options are being ruled out today. We are discussing responses to the current discussion in a very open-minded way." Foreign Ministers of the bloc were expected to meet on 21 August to discuss how to get the Egyptian junta to resort to find a peaceful compromise to the impasse. He suggested

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condemned suggestion of cutting aid to Egypt and added that the government would not abandon its efforts to restore order ""We keep hearing if Egypt doesn't do this or doesn't do that, then aid will be stopped here or will be stopped there. If one side is revising aid they are giving, we are revising

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Many deaths were reported in Giza. Workers of al-Iman Mosque stated that the ministry "won't acknowledge" in their official death toll tally over 200 charred bodies that had been moved to the mosque from a protest camp nearby. At al-Iman Mosque in Nasr City the next day, hundreds of bodies were still

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aired images of weapons confiscated from the sit-in protesters' camps, including automatic rifles and thousands of rounds of ammunition. An Egyptian free-to-air satellite news television channel aired infrared footage appearing to show pro-Brotherhood rioters firing automatic weapons against security

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issued a press release that read, "the Government of the Republic of Colombia deplores the loss of human life and expresses solidarity with the families of the victims of the violent acts that occurred, in the Arab Republic of Egypt, in the past few days." It also "calls for all political actors and

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said: "The world is watching what is happening in Cairo. We urge the government of Egypt – and all parties in Egypt – to refrain from violence and resolve their differences peacefully. We have repeatedly called on the Egyptian military and security forces to show restraint and for the government to

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visited Egypt to ascertain the security situation, he ordered the deployment of a special team to help speed the repatriation of the 6,000 Filipinos in the country, who he also urged to contact their embassy. It also follows a voluntary call to leave that was upgraded to a mandatory evacuation. The

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solution to the political crisis. I appeal to all the Egyptian forces to do everything in their power to halt the violence that has erupted there, and to avoid a blood bath. All forces of order must exert the maximum self-control, and everyone must likewise avoid any form of incitement to violence."

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said that all options would be considered at an EU foreign ministers' meeting, including a possible suspension of aid. He also said that France had increased its alert level for Egypt on 16 August which would be "formally discouraging" French people from traveling to the country. He also encouraged

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issued a statement calling for calm and said that he was deeply concerned by the situation, while calling on Egypt to implement reforms to ease tensions. He also said that Canada's stance is that Egypt should have a transparent democratic system and encourages and respects civil society and all the

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This is not a government, this is not a regime, it is a mafia...They failed at every single democratic process, and they came on the back of the tanks as leaders...This is an illegitimate mafia that has hijacked the power of Egypt...They would have to pay the price of their crimes against humanity.

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The next day, hundreds of Morsi supporters barricaded themselves at the Fateh Mosque in Cairo. A day later, security forces dispersed the demonstrators. The Muslim Brotherhood reiterated its call to hold continued protests and called for a "Day of Rage" after Friday prayers on 16 August with Muslim

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supporters also attacked government headquarters in several governorates. Supporters of Morsi staged solidarity protests against the crackdown, with clashes reported in Ismailia, Alexandria, Suez, Upper Egypt's Assiyut and Aswan and other places. In defiance of the curfew, Morsi supporters vowed to

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condemned the violence two days later and announced his decision to recall the ambassador to Egypt and leave the commercial attache in charge of the embassy. He added that despite political differences with the Muslim Brotherhood, "we alerted very early on that the coup against president Morsi was

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later said: "There's no coup d'etat in Tunisia. There's an opposition party that wants to dissolve the government. The opposition also still wants to repeat the Egyptian scenario. That can't happen. There is no option power. There's no resemblance between the two cases." On 16 August, the foreign

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The Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies condemned the apparent use of excessive force and lethal violence by Egyptian security forces when dispersing the sit-in of protestors at Rabaa al-Adawiya and Nahda squares. In a statement, the institute said "The action left hundreds dead and thousands

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said it was the government's duty to disperse the sit-ins since the mandate to fight violence and terrorism on 26 July. It added that while the right of peaceful protest and freedom of expression is guaranteed, the protesters at both squares were not peaceful protesters and were hiding weapons; it

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called for "restraint", saying Al-Azhar is committed to seeking a political solution to the situation. He also urged all political factions to respond to the national reconciliation efforts and said that he had no prior knowledge of the crackdown efforts. The Coptic Church condemned the attacks on

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Egyptian state television stated that the protest camps had been cleared "in a highly civilised way," while the interim government released a statement praising the "brave" security forces and blaming armed protesters present in the sit-in for the loss of life. The government also called the raids

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Mostafa Hegazy, a spokesperson for Egypt's interim government, said: "We're not into the effort of dissolving anyone – or preventing anyone from being active in the public domain, but we're trying to make sure that everyone is legalised according to what the Egyptian law says..." He added that the

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that served as the epicenter of the pro-Morsi campaign. Police in riot gear fire birdshot and tear gas, supported by bulldozers to clear barricades for armored vehicles. Military helicopters swooped low over the encampment and, using loudspeakers, warned the thousands of demonstrators to leave the

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said: "We call on all political forces to return immediately to negotiations and avert an escalation of violence. All further bloodshed must be prevented." The government also announced the suspension of 25 million euros in aid that was earmarked for climate and environmental protection projects.

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said in a joint statement: "Together with its member states, the EU will urgently review in the coming days its relations with Egypt and adopt measures aimed at pursuing end to violence, resumption of political dialogue and return to a democratic process. Further escalation must be prevented. It

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On 17 August, presidential advisor Mostafa Hegazy said: "We are facing a war launched by extremist forces escalating every day to a terrorist war. Forces of extremism intend to cripple our journey towards pure bright future, aiming and willing to bring the whole state into total failure." Foreign

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in South Sinai to protect tourism. Within a week, the curfew started to hurt the Cairo economy. On 24 August, the interim cabinet decided to shorten the curfew by two hours to 21:00–06:00 excluding Fridays. On 31 August, the curfew was again shortened by another two hours to 23:00–06:00 excluding

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and held up pictures of Morsi. In Vienna, about 500 demonstrators, most of them Egyptians, gathered in St. Stephens Square, chanting Morsi's name. Organiser Ali Ibrahim of the Egyptian Community in Austria said that the protest was not in support of Morsi but "for democracy and the protection of

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demanded an "independent, impartial and credible" probe into the dispersals and said that anyone found guilty of wrongdoing should be held to account. Spokeswoman Liz Throssell followed up the comments in saying that the office sought to human rights observers to Egypt after government approval.

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released a statement that read: "Confrontation and violence is not the way forward to resolve key political issues. I deplore the loss of lives, injuries and destruction in Cairo and other places in Egypt. I call on the security forces to exercise utmost restraint and on all Egyptian citizens to

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The exact death toll during the incident is unclear, and multiple sources have given conflicting estimates. HRW states that at least 904 protesters were killed (817 in Rabaa Square and 87 in al-Nahda Square), while strongly suggesting that at least 1,000 protesters died during the dispersal. The

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called the dispersal the "clearest sign yet that the old Egyptian police state was re-emerging" and added that its reporters saw no evidence of weapon stockpiles in the protest camps. Al Jazeera featured an article entitled "The Egyptian coup and the lessons of Turkey" with the sub-heading that

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resigned in protest at the crackdown saying his conscience was troubled over the loss of life "particularly as I believe it could have been avoided. It has become too difficult to continue bearing responsibility for decisions I do not agree with and whose consequences I fear." He added that the

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According to the military, the sit-ins were flash points for outbreaks of violence and bloody confrontations amongst pro-Morsi, anti-Morsi demonstrators and security forces. The encampments became more permanent with stores, barbers and their own television station. Authorities saw the camps as

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On 10 December, thirteen Egyptian and international human rights organizations urged Cairo's interim authorities to probe the violence during the sit-in dispersal in the capital on 14 August. The joint call issued by organizations that included Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch and the

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called on the cabinet to resign and issued a statement that condemned the violent clashes and warned against dragging the country into mobilisation of both sides, which would negatively affect social cohesion. The foreign ministry also formed a working group of senior officials to follow up on

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Our self-restraint will not continue. We will not accept any more attacks. We will meet with full force the attackers who want to destroy Egypt. Whoever imagines that violence will make the state and Egyptians kneel must reconsider; we will never be silent in the face of the destruction of the

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issued a statement that read: "The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, its people and government stood and stands by today with its brothers in Egypt against terrorism. I call on the honest men of Egypt and the Arab and Muslim nations ... to stand as one man and with one heart in the face of attempts to

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issued a press release condemning the alleged repressive brutality shown by Egyptian authorities. The ministry further stated that "Brazil associates itself with the statements made by the Secretary-General of the United Nations in the sense that violence and incitement are not answers to the

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Egypt's State Information Service released a statement on 17 August critical of news coverage from foreign journalists: "Media coverage has steered away from objectivity and neutrality which has led to a distorted image that is very far from the facts. It stated that Egypt was feeling severe

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demonstrations and avoid large gatherings. He later said that aid to Egypt should be reviewed without precluding future assistance. "We have to stick to those principles ... of supporting institutions, not taking sides, of promoting dialogue and of keeping faith with the majority of people."

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Square, Egyptian security forces carried out one of the world's largest killings of demonstrators in a single day in recent history" and that "this wasn't merely a case of excessive force or poor training. It was a violent crackdown planned at the highest levels of the Egyptian government".

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put the number of stations attacked at 21. Angry mobs also attacked dozens of Christian properties. By nightfall, the military-backed interim government had declared a state of emergency and instituted a curfew. However, protesters established new sit-ins outside Mustafa Mahmoud Mosque in

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Egyptian shares fell the most in two months. The benchmark EGX 30 Index slumped 3.9 percent, the most since 12 June to 5,334.55 at the 1:30 p.m. close in Cairo. About £E332 million (US$ 48 million) of shares traded, compared with a one-year daily average of £E391 million. Commercial

1830:– An unnamed government agency issued a statement that read: "What is regretful is that political extremist groups have insisted on the rhetoric of violence, incitement, disruption of public interests and undermining of the Egyptian economy, which has led to the regretful events today." 728:

On 15 August, the Egyptian Health Ministry raised the death toll to 638 and the number of the injured to 3,994. It is unclear whether the dozen or so charred corpses and those who remained unidentified were included in the official death toll or not. The Muslim Brotherhood and

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As a result of the dispersal of the sit-ins, the Rabia sign (or R4BIA as some supporters call it) emerged widely among the pro-Morsi and pro-Brotherhood masses as a part of a protest campaign against the post-Morsi governmental authorities. The origin of the sign is unclear.

1626:– The foreign ministry released a statement that read it "decried the human loss of life" and called for all sides to exercise restraint and relaunch the transition to democracy. On 15 August, the Ministry issued a travel warning to Romanian citizens en route to or in Egypt. 1085:

avoid further provocations and escalation." Her spokesman, Michael Mann, said that "the reports of deaths and injuries are extremely worrying. We reiterate that violence won't lead to any solution and we urge the Egyptian authorities to proceed with utmost restraint." Envoy

6108: 4341: 1981:, who said: "What we're seeing in the Middle East is a competition for power and influence among the key states that are wealthier and have more resources. What Qatar and Turkey say is almost a 180-degree opposite of what the Emirates and the Saudis are saying publicly." 1608:– The foreign ministry issued a statement that read it "strongly condemns" the violence, called on Egyptian authorities to refrain from security "crackdowns" on demonstrators and said that the best conflict resolution mechanism was peaceful dialogue. State news agency, 1747:– The foreign ministry warned against all travel to Egypt as there was a risk that the violent clashes "will spread throughout the country." It also advised Swiss citizens in the country to keep informed, obey curfews and stay away from crowds or "events of all kinds." 1732:

that he was concerned about the events: "Obviously many dead. Reports of live ammunition. Risk of violence spreading. Churches attacked. I condemn the killings and the violence in Egypt now. Main responsibility with regime forces. Extremely hard to restore political

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spokesman expressed disapproval for the "terrible massacre" and called on the military to use "peaceful political solutions" in solving the crisis. He said that Hamas "condemns the massacres...and calls for an end to bloodshed and a halt to the killing of peaceful

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its churches and called on the army to restore order. El-Tayeb and el-Baradei were among other advocated of the ouster of Morsi who later were seen to express at least a modicum of sympathy for the protesters due to the heavy-handed nature of the dispersal. The

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Initiatives in an attempt to resolve the tension, including foreign-backed efforts by Gulf Arab countries, the E.U. and the U.S.A., failed to yield a positive outcomes. The state authorities referenced these failures and issued the ultimatum. Prime Minister

2003:'s media office in London issued a statement that read the world "cannot sit back and watch while innocent men, women and children are being indiscriminately slaughtered. The world must stand up to the military junta's crime before it is too late." 433:

Several world leaders denounced the deadly violence during the sit-in dispersals. As the violent acts of retaliation by Islamist groups followed in several cities across Egypt, the military-appointed interim government declared a three-month-long

4337: 688:). The army promised to enforce the curfew with the "utmost firmness." The curfew was to be enforced from 19:00–06:00 for a month, along with the state of emergency. The following day, Egypt's interim cabinet lifted the curfew in the cities of 6164: 1786:

ministry summoned the Egyptian ambassador to express its concern over the situation in Egypt and the use of force there. It also called for dialogue between all parties so as to prevent Egypt from "slipping into violence, division and chaos."

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Egyptian Health Ministry announced that 595 protesters and 43 police officers were killed, and at least 3,994 individuals were injured. The official Forensic Medical Authority stated that the number of police officers killed was eight.

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condemned a disproportionate use of violence against protesters. He called for reconciliation which he said had to include the Muslim Brotherhood. It was also announced that export licenses for military equipment had "recently" been

1867:"strongly condemned" the dispersal of pro-Morsi sit-ins. He also said: "We sustain our commitment to Egypt and its people... but our traditional cooperation cannot continue as usual," while he also announced the cancellation of the 6116: 747:

stated in a report based on a year-long investigation that during the 14 August dispersal of the Rabaa al-Adawiya sit-in, security forces envisioned several thousand deaths. It estimated that a minimum of 817 people were killed.

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military exercises between the U.S. and other Arab states. Despite his condemnation, aid to Egypt remained in place. A spokesperson said the US$ 1.5billion of aid the United States gives to Egypt annually was under review.

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said: "We support people, army, police against terrorism" and wrote on Twitter, "We will support our people, army and police against the terrorism of those who monopolized the people's will." Former presidential candidate

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segments of Egyptian society. "We urge both parties to avoid violence, and engage in a meaningful political dialogue for the good of all Egyptians. All Egyptians should show restraint and resolve in the coming days."

631:

The interim government declared a month-long state of emergency, commencing at 16:00. The right to a trial and the due process of the law were suspended. A 19:00 curfew was declared in 14 out of the 27 governorates

6640: 5340: 1612:, quoted an unnamed foreign ministry official as calling on the Egyptian authorities to "refrain from the security option in dealing with peaceful protests, and to preserve the lives of Egyptians at protest sites." 885:"state of polarisation and grave division... the social fabric is threatened as violence breeds violence." He was then charged by a Cairo court with "breaching national trust;" the charge of treason could carry a 1585:– The foreign ministry advised against travel to Egypt and that its citizens in the country should avoid big cities, bazaars, shopping malls and museums. However, it added that it considers Red Sea resorts safe. 1336:. Those Germans who were already at the resorts were advised to be vigilant and stay in close touch with hotel management and travel agents. Travel agency TUI cancelled all bookings to Egypt until 15 September. 5141: 5115: 991:

In October 2013, Egyptian Kung-Fu gold medalist Mohamed Youssef was recalled from Russia and given a one-year suspension from all national and international competitions for wearing a T-shirt containing the

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challenges Egypt faces." It also "calls for dialogue and conciliation," while saying that the dispersal is a "serious degradation of the security situation in a key country for the stability in the region."

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added that was in touch with senior state officials and had asked them to take the necessary decision to stop the bloodshed immediately as it could drag the country into a wave of violence and chaos. The

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called the dispersal an "abject crime" and said that he was in solidarity with the Morsi supporters' bid to "recover their freedom and oppose the coup d'etat." Following calls from Ennahda members of an

725:. It was later declared by the Forensic Medical Authority that only 8 police officers were killed. The Muslim Brotherhood estimated the death toll at 2,000. Many of the dead appeared to be young adults. 602:

called on its supporters on 16 August to form neighbourhood watch groups to guard against Morsi supporters while Morsi supporters vowed to keep up their campaign to get the deposed president reinstated.

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They are the illegal people, we have won at every single democratic process and they have lost, and the only way for them to be back in the political arena is through the power of the bullets and tanks.

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respect the universal rights of its citizens, just as we have urged protesters to demonstrate peacefully." He added that the United States strongly opposed the state of emergency. Secretary of State

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Initial reports by the Egyptian Health Ministry said 235 protesters, three journalists and 43 policemen died in the violence and more than 2,000 were injured, with the death toll expected to rise.

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unconstitutional and illegal. President Morsi is kidnapped and is the constitutional president of Egypt...The imperialist hands that are reaching into Egypt are responsible for the bloodbath."

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forces. Some political analysts opined that the force used by the police was designed to provoke a violent response from supporters of the Muslim Brotherhood to justify the police response.

2187: 6381: 1701:– An unknown government agency denounced the violence, while the foreign ministry appealed to Egypt's government and political parties to negotiate a solution and avoid further violence. 1372:

said that the apparent excessive force used by the security forces was against democratic values and humanity. He called on all parties to "build compromise and seek a win-win solution."

1290:– An unnamed government agency said that it has suspended 30 million kroner worth of aid, which was channelled via agencies like the World Bank and the International Labour Organization. 984:

foreign reactions to the crisis and would supply Egyptian embassies with the requisite details and follow up on foreign media coverage of the events, according to the interior ministry.

6605: 2605: 4398: 2986: 1125:"We're calling to have human-rights officers allowed on the ground in Egypt so they can gather information, they can talk to NGOs, national human-rights institutions, draw up reports." 2326: 1238:

condemned the "excessive use of force, leading to casualties on both sides". He said that violence "cannot solve the political and social problems accumulated throughout the years".

615:, who had been in hiding, was arrested after being found in a residential flat in Nasr City. Pro-Morsi supporters continued to rally and by 30 August, six more protesters had died. 244: 4684: 1804:

said: "An armed intervention against civilian people who stage protests is unacceptable, regardless of its justification." He also compared the incident to the first salvos of the

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called the events "deplorable" and a "serious blow" to reconciliation efforts. On 15 August, President Obama canceled joint military training exercises with the Egyptian military.

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bitterness towards some western media coverage that is biased to the Muslim Brotherhood and ignores shedding light on violent and terror acts that are perpetrated by this group."

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The United Nations said about the sit-in dispersal that there had been "serious violations of human rights", including the killing of journalists. UNESCO's Director-General

1491:'s congresswoman in Benghazi, Houda Abdulatif Al-Banani, said that the ouster of Morsi was a "coup against democratic legitimacy" and was "destabilising the effects of the 760:

on the floor of a makeshift morgue and wrapped in shrouds and kept cool with blocks of ice, some bodies also bore gunshot wounds and many were charred beyond recognition.

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strongly condemns this coup, calling the military coup and called for the world, because in order to take a position of what is happening in Egypt and the president of

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stated the number of deaths from the Rabaa al-Adawiya Mosque sit-in alone was about 2,600. The total casualty count made 14 August the deadliest day in Egypt since the

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Further, the foreign ministry urged its citizens to refrain from travelling to Egypt, as well as extending a previous warning to include Red Sea beach resorts around

4787: 6225: 4311: 4155: 3051: 5825: 2418: 2247: 2217: 1918:– An unnamed government agency said on 22 August that it had deep concern over the escalation of violence and called on all related parties to exercise restraint. 5332: 2961: 6407: 5856: 2857: 1816:

and the permanent representatives of the UN Security Council in regards to the Egyptian issue. Egypt then withdrew its ambassador to Turkey for "consultations".

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The area around the Rabaa al-Adaweya Mosque had been packed with Muslim Brotherhood supporters sleeping in tents for over a month before the sit-in was cleared.

5550: 406:, and called them "one of the world's largest killings of demonstrators in a single day in recent history", in reference to the numerous deaths that occurred. 4372: 3172: 6564: 6463: 5666: 4459: 3955: 3886: 3806: 3616: 3469: 3202: 2901: 2472: 2274: 2123: 775:

During the dispersal, journalists covering the event were trapped. Four of them were killed, while others were injured. Some were detained. According to the

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that called on international organisations to take practical steps to stop the violence and "not be satisfied with only condemning this barbaric incident."

4181: 3780: 3499: 6684: 6199: 5033: 3559: 6309: 6247: 5731: 5583: 4420: 3325: 2763: 6336: 5392: 5366: 5306: 4851: 4654: 4602: 3594: 3429: 3377: 3243: 6282: 6030: 4733: 4628: 4516: 3403: 2935: 2639: 2359: 1146:– An unnamed government agency condemned the "killing of civilian protesters" and expressed hope that "our brothers and sisters in Egypt to [ 8423: 5640: 4981: 4955: 4929: 4707: 3447: 3351: 3269: 2695: 2661: 1019:

took sanctions a step further, announcing that Abd El-Zaher has been banned from representing Egypt for one year in addition to a 3-month local ban.

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Mohandeseen, Giza and others in cities around the country, defying the new curfew and the interior minister's vows to break up any such assemblies.

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said that at least 600 protesters died and more than 2,000 injured. An additional 43 police officers were killed in the violence, according to the

4094: 7670: 6377: 6086: 5220: 2183: 5700: 4820: 2825: 2511: 5468: 5194: 2725: 1974: 2994: 583:, an angry mob attacked a police station, one of 21 such attacks according to the interior ministry. In southern Egypt, between two and seven 8292: 6653: 4394: 1926:

also advised against travel to Egypt as tour operators began cancelling trips to the country and bringing back those already in the country.

579:

The violence spread across the country as people learned what had happened in Cairo and many protesters took to the streets in anger. In the

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military was backtracking on the democracy that Egyptians had fought for. International commentators asked if this could lead Egypt into a

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said: "Decision to disperse MB sit-ins was crucial" and that no one accepts sit-ins that block the roads and hinder economic development.

6630: 6623: 6554: 5498: 4338:"Director-General condemns killing of Egyptian photojournalist Ahmed Assem el-Senousy and urges respect for journalists' right to safety" 3291: 5059: 4538: 3860: 2447: 854:

demanded that Egypt be held responsible for violations of journalists' rights and the Egyptian military's targeting of the press corps.

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amongst its allies, but supporting a different side in the Egyptian conflict. It quoted Brian Katulis, a foreign policy analyst at the

284: 17: 4490: 528:, the plan was to stop the protests gradually by cutting off supply lines while providing a safe exit for those who elected to leave. 8747: 8275: 7757: 6818: 6738: 6502: 3702: 1411:: "I deplore the loss of life in #Egypt, appeal for the authorities to show restraint and for all involved to refrain from violence." 958:

said that "the whole Egyptian society should stand against any attempt to raise strife on the current incidents." The founder of the

261: 57: 7238: 4255: 9098: 9073: 8759: 8150: 7233: 6059: 5667:"Comunicado del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores de la República de Colombia sobre la situación en la República Árabe de Egipto" 3758: 2957: 2288: 338: 5764: 4881: 4065: 3995: 3924: 3149: 1197:, an unnamed government agency called the dispersals necessary to "restore security, stability and public order." The state-owned 8194: 7928: 6783: 6697: 6618: 5554: 2053: 6403: 5427: 1990:

International Bank Egypt SAE, the country's biggest publicly traded lender, led a list of 29 decliners with a 5.4 percent dive.

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suggested the U.S. was in bind as its regional allies were supporting different sides in Egypt. It also drew parallels for its

1272: 5520: 2381: 9148: 8996: 6692: 5617: 4233: 3119: 1778: 1488: 9133: 9093: 8820: 8474: 8418: 8374: 8187: 7861: 7851: 7811: 6658: 5912: 4982:"Exclusive: Egyptian kung fu champion stands by his support for pro-Morsi protesters – Omni Sports – Sports – Ahram Online" 4117: 2063: 362: 8668: 9153: 8479: 8219: 8105: 7046: 6795: 6663: 5089: 5011: 4315: 4147: 3089: 2058: 893:

a false impression of lack of unity which "contradicted reality." However, after his resignation he left the country for

567: 539:— was cleared of protesters. However, it took about 12 hours for police to take control of the main sit-in site near the 6221: 3837: 2414: 2239: 2209: 8932: 8863: 8742: 8364: 8241: 7908: 7789: 7716: 7704: 7665: 941:

called on protestors to exhibit restraint, but said the dispersals would further complicate the political process. The

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said all tours were cancelled, except visits to Hurghada, and that armed guards were stationed at the town's airport.

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means "fourth" in Arabic and the symbol was named after the Rabaa al-Adawiya square. Some credit its invention to

910:

said that he would no longer restrain his forces from confronting "attackers who want to destroy Egypt." He added:

779:, it was the deadliest day for journalists in Egypt since the organization began keeping records in 1992. Veteran 8959: 8927: 8680: 8406: 7816: 7536: 7276: 7085: 6709: 6511: 4285: 1159:

condemned the violence and called for the restoration of Morsi as president. It issued a statement signed by the

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blamed "the army, interior ministry and the Muslim Brotherhood" for the violence. There were also reactions on

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The Egyptian consulate in Benghazi was bombed three days later during protests against the sit-in dispersal.

1113:

The U.K., with France and Australia, called for an emergency closed-door meeting of the UN Security Council.

8791: 8595: 8563: 8379: 8011: 7881: 7804: 6559: 6278: 6026: 5644: 4930:"VIDEO: Egypt Kung Fu gold medalist suspended for wearing Rabaa sign – Omni Sports – Sports – Ahram Online" 4729: 4699: 4624: 4512: 3677:"Citing continued turmoil, Egypt extends state of emergency for 2 months – Politics – Egypt – Ahram Online" 3399: 2931: 2691: 2635: 2355: 1978: 1456: 524:

On 14 August 2013, shortly after 7:00 am, Egyptian police moved in to disperse the camps. According to the

5978: 5138:"Abdel-Zaher banned from international duty for Rabaa gesture – Egyptian Football – Sports – Ahram Online" 5086:"Ahly suspend Abdel-Zaher for Rabaa sign, put him up for sale – Egyptian Football – Sports – Ahram Online" 3443: 3347: 3265: 9103: 9042: 8954: 8796: 8538: 8428: 8251: 8046: 7913: 7856: 7752: 7627: 7281: 6773: 6714: 6138: 3807:"Egyptian forensic team says August raid on pro-Morsi camps killed 398 – Politics – Egypt – Ahram Online" 804:

state-run newspaper and was an editorial manager for the Muslim Brotherhood television satellite channel

592: 465: 423: 415: 389: 321: 122: 5886: 9123: 9108: 8949: 8754: 8651: 8634: 8617: 8558: 8384: 8339: 8270: 8209: 8182: 7826: 7685: 7464: 7383: 7070: 6935: 6838: 6748: 4090: 784: 722: 525: 513: 289: 179: 6082: 6004: 5216: 5008:"EXCLUSIVE: Egypt Kung fu player gets 1 year ban for Rabaa sign – Omni Sports – Sports – Ahram Online" 4365:"Journalists Killed in Egypt: Mick Deane, Habiba Ahmed Abd Elaziz, Ahmed Abdel Gawad Die Amid Turmoil" 8915: 8858: 8825: 8590: 8500: 8462: 8457: 8445: 8344: 8036: 8006: 7991: 7743: 7312: 5692: 5464: 5112:"Ahly punishment for Rabaa sign player stirs controversy – Egyptian Football – Sports – Ahram Online" 4824: 1480: 1005: 975: 5190: 8991: 8971: 8779: 8605: 8401: 8389: 8226: 8204: 7871: 7821: 7762: 7721: 7597: 7592: 7558: 7519: 6823: 6549: 6488: 4956:"Egypt Kung Fu fighter slams ban after showing Rabaa support – Omni Sports – Sports – Ahram Online" 1673:– The foreign ministry advised against travel to Egypt and suspended charter flight to the country. 1655: 1369: 827: 823: 809: 718: 559: 457: 3025: 812:

photojournalist Mosab El-Shami was also killed. Among the journalists most seriously injured were

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photojournalist Alaa al-Qamhawy, who was shot in the foot. Among the detained journalists were

641: 6165:"Obama cancels military exercises with Egypt in reaction to violence – but keeps aid in place" 5490: 4421:"State-backed rights group in Egypt criticizes police for sit-in breakup that killed hundreds" 2443: 733:

put the number of deaths from the Rabaa sit-in at the much higher figure of 2,600 protesters.

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25,910 (US$ 1,430) fine if convicted. It followed a complaint that his resignation gives the

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Map showing extent of the curfew issued by the interim Egyptian government on 14 August 2013.

343: 6109:"Egypt recalls its ambassador to Turkey in sign of tensions after Morsi's ouster, crackdown" 4230:"Egypt – Three journalists killed on 14 August, many others injured, detained or threatened" 8853: 8803: 8673: 7777: 7767: 4486: 2073: 1939: 1827: 1809: 1460: 959: 907: 653: 365: 8: 8964: 8944: 8764: 8712: 8707: 8646: 8548: 8231: 8162: 8157: 7876: 7580: 2099: 1397: 1198: 831: 673: 333: 5756: 4873: 4057: 3916: 3754: 3141: 2987:"Pro-Morsi sit ins gain strength, prompt Egypt to postpone dispersal to avoid bloodshed" 8774: 8685: 8585: 8452: 8280: 8246: 8199: 8177: 8073: 7975: 7846: 7733: 7680: 7428: 7423: 7408: 7388: 7258: 7168: 7013: 6882: 6872: 4312:"Egypt: UN experts urge restraint, dialogue amid 'deeply worrying' human rights crisis" 2243: 2104: 2000: 1956: 1567: 1544: 1046: 1001: 793: 764: 744: 730: 685: 555: 435: 419: 399: 195: 147: 127: 1086: 9028: 8922: 8722: 8629: 8580: 8533: 8518: 8433: 8349: 8236: 8134: 8115: 7948: 7622: 7617: 7548: 7531: 7514: 7302: 7188: 7162: 7099: 6972: 6758: 5164:"Rights groups urge probe of mass killing in Egypt – Politics – Egypt – Ahram Online" 2293: 1773: 1609: 1324: 1076: 881: 800: 669: 661: 657: 633: 299: 8784: 5949:"Philippines government orders mandatory evacuation of its 6,000 nationals in Egypt" 3729:"Egypt curfew reduced to four hours except Friday – Politics – Egypt – Ahram Online" 713:

The bodies of protesters who died during the violent clashes during sit-in dispersal

709: 8883: 8840: 8810: 8658: 8440: 8369: 8311: 8026: 8021: 8001: 7923: 7738: 7639: 7570: 7553: 7494: 7352: 7054: 7018: 6805: 6753: 6581: 6459: 5060:"Ahly suspend striker for Rabaa salute – Egyptian Football – Sports – Ahram Online" 3781:"Egypt ends state of emergency upon court ruling – Politics – Egypt – Ahram Online" 2082: 1943: 1923: 1805: 1515: 1235: 1081: 818: 649: 645: 637: 584: 580: 532: 502: 294: 8695: 5826:"The World is Watching: Global reactions to Egyptian crackdown on Pro-Mursi camps" 5613: 4229: 8873: 8690: 8641: 8543: 8359: 8095: 8078: 7709: 7634: 7208: 7203: 7060: 6813: 2094: 2077: 1762: 1012: 966: 689: 484:, Egypt's official Islamic authority, denied that such a warning had been given. 798:

was also shot and killed. Egyptian reporter Ahmed Abdel Gawad, who was with the

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holiday that the government's decision to clear the sit-ins was "irreversible".

9022: 8976: 8830: 8769: 8553: 8354: 7866: 7794: 7653: 7587: 7317: 7307: 7198: 7193: 7156: 7093: 6966: 2606:"Scores dead in Egypt after security forces launch assault on protesters' camp" 2275:"Arab rights body calls for halt to execution of 12 Muslim Brotherhood members" 2048: 1970: 1900: 1841: 1354:

called for prayers for "peace, dialogue and reconciliation for that dear land."

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country was facing a war waged by "terrorist forces". Interim Vice President

469: 461: 427: 381: 115: 33: 4204:"Husband of former Post reporter among journalists killed in Egypt violence" 361:

police (and to a lesser extent the armed forces), under the command of then-

229: 9032: 8622: 8031: 7690: 7378: 7373: 7347: 7332: 7322: 7065: 7008: 6962: 6729: 6056:"Egyptian gov't vows to beat war of terror amid lasting reactions overseas" 5728:"World urges Egypt to show restraint, protect civilians in Cairo crackdown" 4907: 1966: 1877: 1864: 1801: 1659:

destabilise a country that is at the forefront of Arab and Muslim history."

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by peaceful means had failed, and the camps were cleared out within hours.

4906:. Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies. 15 August 2013. Archived from 3858: 2760:"Egyptian Foreign Minister: Pro-Morsi Protests 'Can't Continue Endlessly'" 835:

photographers Emad Eddin Al-Sayed and Abdulrahman Al-Mowahhed-Bellah, and

8051: 7782: 7772: 7565: 7433: 7403: 7393: 7368: 7337: 6952: 6525: 6521: 5917: 4569:"Egypt interim PM Hazem el-Beblawi defends crackdown on Mursi supporters" 4487:"Egypt: Gov't Vows to Beat War of Terror Amid Lasting Reactions Overseas" 1873: 1813: 1744: 1563: 1492: 1449: 1426: 1143: 1121: 1105: 902: 693: 506: 1401: 8100: 8058: 7398: 7342: 7327: 6900: 6892: 2088: 2025: 2017: 1882: 1725: 997: 993: 955: 5256:"U.S. condemns killings of Egypt protesters, Turkey wants U.N. action" 4821:"Egypt sees mixed domestic reactions over clearing pro-Morsi protests" 1934:

Hundreds of people protested in favor of the Brotherhood and Morsi in

8939: 8411: 7413: 3173:"Attacks on Protesters in Cairo Were Calculated to Provoke, Some Say" 2902:"Crackdown on pro-Morsi sit-ins leaves Egypt in a state of emergency" 2289:"Egyptian report blames both Islamists, security forces for violence" 1962: 1896: 1365: 1216: 1176: 4256:"Photographer May Have Captured His Own Death During Egypt Protests" 3956:"Four journalists killed, others injured, detained in Cairo clashes" 3887:"Charred bodies lie in Cairo mosque, unrecognised by Egyptian state" 3703:"Egypt reduces curfew hours again – Politics – Egypt – Ahram Online" 752:, the executive director of Human Rights Watch, said that "in Rab'a 71:

Rabaa el-Adaweya Square during the dispersal of the pro-Morsi sit-in

7612: 6196:"Obama warns of further steps in Egypt, cancels military exercises" 5333:"EU foreign ministers to discuss how to press Egypt over bloodshed" 4425: 1670: 1589: 1530: 1448:

said: "Jordan stands by Egypt in its serious efforts to impose the

1347: 1329: 1268: 1231: 1045:– The AU was to send a panel consisting of former Malian president 780: 481: 65: 6378:"Egyptian Stocks Fall Most Since June as Violence Sparks Protests" 3470:"Updated: Curfew in 14 Egypt governorates amid state of emergency" 3292:"Protests in Alexandria, Upper Egypt after Cairo Sit-ins Attacked" 1201:

added that Bahraini authorities urged dialogue and reconciliation.

7286: 4757:"State of emergency declared as forces storm Cairo protest camps" 3859:

El Wardany, Salma; Fam, Mariam Fam; Galal, Ola (16 August 2013).

2319:"Health Ministry raises death toll of Wednesday's clashes to 638" 1915: 1770: 1758: 1623: 1408: 1320: 1287: 1190: 1156: 805: 740:

stated at least 624 civilians and 8 police officers were killed.

623: 599: 369: 3112:"Update: Some protesters leaving Rabea sit-in, death toll rises" 7644: 7602: 7449: 7248: 6000: 5974: 2124:"Morsi supporters end brief sit-in outside High Court in Cairo" 1935: 1797: 1779:

alleged coup in Tunisia and a repeat of "the Egyptian scenario"

1721: 1637: 1582: 1511: 1441: 1301: 1249: 1212: 1118:

Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights

894: 439: 393: 5757:"BBC News Egypt protest camps cleared: International reaction" 4904:"Non-peaceful assembly does not justify collective punishment" 4539:"El Beblawi praises police, says Egypt committed to elections" 2726:"Egypt Vows to End Sit-Ins by Supporters of Deposed President" 2473:"Death toll from Egypt violence rises to 638: Health ministry" 7675: 7480: 6859: 4678: 2012: 1698: 1684: 1605: 1548: 1476: 1422: 697: 380:. The two sites had been occupied by supporters of President 373: 358: 85: 81: 5641:"Reactions to outbreak of violence in Egypt – News – MSN CA" 4145: 2723: 2154:"Islamist forces join together for Rabaa Al-Adaweya protest" 850:

condemned the killing of journalist el-Senousy in July. The

8088: 5616:. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bulgaria. 14 August 2013. 5034:"Egypt player suspended over Islamist salute – Middle East" 4115: 3500:"Egypt cancels decision to shorten curfew hours: statement" 2603: 1383: 1015:

for a gesture in support of Morsi. On 5 December 2013, the

930: 536: 2958:"Egypt police to break up sit-in protests within 24 hours" 5975:"Comunicat MAE referitor la evoluţia situaţiei din Egipt" 5521:"World Reactions To Egypt's Crackdown on Pro-Morsi Camps" 4697: 4681:"Egypt Islamists Ready New Protest as Violence Condemned" 4227: 3082:"Egypt police attack Muslim Brotherhood sit-ins in Cairo" 2604:

Hauslohner, Abigail; Sharaf al-Hourani (14 August 2013).

1148: 6404:"Egypt bloodshed draws condemnation, calls for dialogue" 4058:"Sky News cameraman Mick Deane shot and killed in Egypt" 4029:"In Egypt, two more journalists killed, several injured" 3996:"Four journalists reported dead in Wednesday's violence" 3861:"Egypt Brotherhood Torches Building as Death Toll Rises" 2753: 2751: 2438: 2436: 1704:

The Sudanese Muslim Scholars Board, an affiliate of the

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win bonus, suspended and put up for sale in the January

388:

by the military a little over a month earlier following

6360:"Obama Caught Between Polarized Allies in Egypt Crisis" 5669:(in Spanish). Cancilleria de Colombia. 20 August 2013. 4148:"Egyptian forces thought to be targeting media workers" 3617:"Egypt curfew shortened by two hours excluding Fridays" 3203:"Churches torched across Egypt in anti-Coptic violence" 2076:, similar event in Saudi Arabia regarding the siege of 6430:"'Rabaa sign' becomes the symbol of massacre in Egypt" 3647:"Egypt curfew further moved to 11pm starting Saturday" 2415:"Egypt: Rab'a Killings Likely Crimes against Humanity" 2240:"Egypt: Rabaa Killings Likely Crimes against Humanity" 27:

Forceful dispersal of pro-Morsi sit-in in Cairo, Egypt

2748: 2501: 2433: 2382:"Rabaa Al-Adawiyah Mosque Destroyed in Cairo Clashes" 6058:. Xinhua News Agency. 18 August 2013. Archived from 5584:"Reactions to Egyptian crackdown on pro-Morsy camps" 5428:"Reactions to Egyptian crackdown on pro-Morsi camps" 5191:"Egypt: African Union Panel to Meet Egypt Officials" 4823:. Xinhua News Agency. 15 August 2013. Archived from 4180:. Committee to Protect Journalists. 15 August 2013. 4031:. Committee to Protect Journalists. 15 August 2013. 3530:"Egypt shortens curfew, to start 9pm instead of 7pm" 3142:"Egypt unrest: Muslim Brotherhood 'fired on police'" 3026:"Hundreds Reported Killed As Egypt Smashes Protests" 414:

stated that at least 624 civilians were killed. The

5303:"Restraint urged amid Egypt violence – Middle East" 2815: 2312: 2310: 2308: 2306: 2304: 5614:"Egypt needs dialogue and national reconciliation" 4679:El-Tablawy, Tarek; Elyan, Tamim (19 August 2013). 4141: 4139: 4118:"Egypt defends protest response amid condemnation" 3917:"Cairo offices torched as Egypt death toll mounts" 3294:. Fars News Agency. 14 August 2013. Archived from 2854:"Egypt warns sit-ins as weekend death toll climbs" 2847: 2845: 2843: 2818:"Nearly 300 Killed as Egyptian Forces Storm Camps" 816:editor Tariq Abbas, who was shot in the face, and 5467:. Yahoo! News. Associated Press. 16 August 2013. 4363:Michael, Maggie; Lawless, Jill (14 August 2013). 4146:Chulov, Martin; Halliday, Josh (14 August 2013). 3989: 3987: 3985: 3983: 3981: 3560:"Egypt's Cabinet lifts curfew on Sharm El-Sheikh" 2684: 2558:"NSF spokesman quits over Rabaa, Nahda massacres" 2504:"Islamists Debate Their Next Move in Tense Cairo" 607:Brotherhood spokesman Gehad el-Haddad writing on 587:churches were burned to the ground, according to 9065: 6330: 4314:. United Nations. 16 August 2013. Archived from 4178:"1,000 deaths: Journalists who gave their lives" 4116:Sayah, Reza; Pearson, Michael (16 August 2013). 3831: 3052:"Egypt: Rifles at dawn, and the bloodshed began" 2301: 1152:] find a peaceful political solution soon." 618: 6510: 6139:"US cancels major military exercise with Egypt" 6080: 5330: 4845: 4456:"What is the future of the Muslim Brotherhood?" 4136: 3950: 3948: 3946: 3944: 3942: 3426:"Egypt arrests Muslim Brotherhood's top leader" 3374:"Egypt forces clear Cairo mosque of protesters" 3322:"Smell of death lingers in Cairo's Iman mosque" 3170: 2851: 2840: 2757: 2724:Fahim, Kareem; Gladstone, Rick (31 July 2013). 2350: 2348: 2346: 2344: 368:, used lethal force to “disperse” two camps of 6456:"Egyptians Defiant Over Use of 'Rabaa' Symbol" 6276: 5854: 5430:. Atlanta Journal-Constitution. 15 August 2013 4698:Bradley, Matt; Solomon, Jay (18 August 2013). 4651:"Official says Egypt in war against terrorism" 4599:"Egypt PM suggests dissolution of Brotherhood" 4362: 3978: 3591:"Cairo economy struggles with military curfew" 2981: 2979: 2719: 2717: 2715: 2713: 2356:"Egypt's Brotherhood to hold 'march of anger'" 7465: 6496: 6279:"The Egyptian coup and the lessons of Turkey" 5857:"Little reaction in Libya to events in Egypt" 5188: 4848:"Egypt army crackdown splits Morsi opponents" 4232:(Press release). Thomson Reuters Foundation. 4085: 4083: 3755:"Egypt lifting state of emergency and curfew" 3444:"Anti-military protesters rally across Egypt" 3400:"Egypt's Brotherhood calls for fresh rallies" 3240:"Egypt's interim PM defends deadly crackdown" 2316: 376:: one at al-Nahda Square and a larger one at 259: 245: 6357: 6306:"Is Egypt doomed to civil war or breakdown?" 5787:"Jordan backs Egypt efforts to 'impose law'" 4674: 4672: 4228:Reporters Without Borders (16 August 2013). 3993: 3939: 3020: 3018: 3016: 3014: 3012: 2932:"Cairo crackdown follows failed negotiation" 2662:"Most world states condemn Egypt's violence" 2341: 556:National Coalition for Supporting Legitimacy 420:National Coalition for Supporting Legitimacy 196:National Coalition for Supporting Legitimacy 128:National Coalition for Supporting Legitimacy 6631:2011 attack on the Israeli Embassy in Egypt 6193: 4754: 4513:"Cairo court sets trial date for ElBaradei" 3705:. English.ahram.org.eg. 19 September 2013. 2976: 2899: 2710: 791:, 26, who worked for Gulf News publication 7472: 7458: 6503: 6489: 6303: 5638: 5491:"Reactions to continued violence in Egypt" 5389:"UN pushes Egypt to allow rights monitors" 5062:. English.ahram.org.eg. 11 November 2013. 5010:. English.ahram.org.eg. 10 November 2013. 4080: 3588: 3319: 2409: 2407: 2069:2013 Republican Guard headquarters clashes 252: 238: 64: 5578: 5576: 5459: 5457: 5455: 5453: 5451: 5449: 5447: 5445: 5297: 5295: 5293: 5291: 5289: 5287: 5285: 5283: 5281: 4984:. English.ahram.org.eg. 29 October 2013. 4730:"Egypt army chief vows to use full force" 4669: 4450: 4448: 4395:"Egypt blames Morsi supporters for Rabaa" 3834:"Egypt: Mass Killings by Security Forces" 3731:. English.ahram.org.eg. 24 October 2013. 3315: 3313: 3266:"Deadly clashes erupt in Egypt provinces" 3234: 3232: 3230: 3228: 3028:. NPR. Associated Press. 14 August 2013. 3009: 2895: 2599: 2597: 2595: 2593: 2591: 2589: 2587: 2585: 2583: 2552: 2550: 2467: 2465: 1938:and chanted slogans against then-general 969:leader and former presidential candidate 767:, a prominent Muslim Brotherhood member. 738:Egypt's National Council for Human Rights 468:calling for the resignation of President 412:Egypt's National Council for Human Rights 164:Egypt's National Council for Human Rights 7234:Coalition of the Youth of the Revolution 6050: 6048: 5887:"Blast hits Egyptian consulate in Libya" 5250: 5248: 5246: 5244: 5242: 5240: 5238: 2893: 2891: 2889: 2887: 2885: 2883: 2881: 2879: 2877: 2875: 2636:"Global condemnation of Egypt crackdown" 2502:Kirkpatrick, David D. (15 August 2013). 2269: 2267: 2265: 2011: 770: 708: 622: 547:Thousands of Morsi supporters chanting " 544:area along designated routes to safety. 486: 6224:. Vietnam News Agency. 23 August 2013. 6222:"Viet Nam calls for restraint in Egypt" 5820: 5818: 5816: 5814: 5812: 5751: 5749: 5722: 5720: 5718: 5422: 5420: 5418: 5416: 5414: 5412: 5410: 5326: 5324: 5217:"EU to urgently review ties with Egypt" 4625:"Egypt PM defiant on threat of aid cut" 4286:"Egypt: Are foreign journalists lying?" 3348:"Rival Egypt sides mobilise supporters" 2811: 2809: 2807: 2805: 2803: 2801: 2799: 2797: 2795: 2793: 2404: 2054:2014 Egyptian constitutional referendum 14: 9066: 6432:. Worldbulletin News. 18 August 2013. 6083:"Ennahda official: No coup in Tunisia" 6007:from the original on 23 September 2013 5981:from the original on 20 September 2013 5929:from the original on 25 September 2013 5573: 5442: 5278: 4815: 4813: 4445: 4223: 4221: 4052: 4050: 4023: 4021: 3310: 3225: 2816:David D. Kirpatrick (14 August 2013). 2791: 2789: 2787: 2785: 2783: 2781: 2779: 2777: 2775: 2773: 2580: 2547: 2531: 2529: 2462: 2446:. Human Rights Watch. 17 August 2013. 2417:. Human Rights Watch. 12 August 2014. 8498: 8309: 8132: 7973: 7492: 7453: 6484: 6045: 5955:from the original on 27 December 2013 5913:"Norge fordømmer voldsbruken i Egypt" 5734:from the original on 16 February 2016 5235: 5144:from the original on 11 December 2013 5118:from the original on 11 December 2013 5092:from the original on 16 November 2013 5066:from the original on 17 November 2013 5040:from the original on 14 November 2013 5014:from the original on 12 November 2013 4988:from the original on 21 November 2013 4874:"Egypt crisis: Social media reaction" 4782: 4780: 4493:from the original on 14 December 2013 4481: 4479: 4477: 3813:from the original on 11 December 2013 3787:from the original on 12 November 2013 3761:from the original on 23 November 2018 3657:from the original on 3 September 2013 3450:from the original on 6 September 2013 2872: 2692:"Think Again: The Muslim Brotherhood" 2262: 2210:"Egypt's Rabaa massacre: one year on" 1452:and restore security and stability". 857: 233: 58:Post-coup unrest in Egypt (2013–2014) 9048: 6606:Human rights in Egypt under the SCAF 6466:from the original on 1 December 2013 6436:from the original on 15 October 2014 6366:from the original on 19 August 2013. 6254:. 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Initiatives to end the six-week 25: 9175: 9139:21st-century mass murder in Egypt 9129:Riots and civil disorder in Egypt 9119:Massacres of protesters in Africa 8419:Role of the Egyptian Armed Forces 6596:Muslim Brotherhood (post-Mubarak) 6380:. Bloomberg L.P. 18 August 2013. 6277:Ibrahim, Anwar (13 August 2013). 6228:from the original on 26 June 2015 6081:Hayoun, Massoud (8 August 2013). 5551:"Nota nº 283 – Situação no Egito" 4700:"Egypt, U.S. on Collision Course" 4579:from the original on 17 June 2022 4489:. 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Archived from 3506:. 15 August 2013. Archived from 3118:. 14 August 2013. Archived from 2993:. 12 August 2013. Archived from 2852:Hendawai, Hamza (28 July 2013). 2564:. 14 August 2013. Archived from 2317:Mohsen, Manar (16 August 2013). 2164:from the original on 4 July 2013 2085:, which happened on the same day 1908: 1889: 1853: 1834: 1820: 1790: 1765:and the Tunisian prime minister 1751: 1737: 1714: 1691: 1677: 1663: 1644: 1630: 1616: 1598: 1575: 1556: 1537: 1523: 1504: 1469: 1434: 1415: 1390: 1376: 1358: 1340: 1313: 1294: 1280: 1261: 1242: 1224: 1205: 1183: 1169: 1136: 1094: 1071:– European Commission President 1061: 1022: 777:Committee to Protect Journalists 531:By 8:00 the smaller camp – near 8760:Identification card controversy 7277:National Association for Change 6624:2011 Constitutional Declaration 6614:Constitutional review committee 6358:Atlas, Terry (20 August 2013). 5855:Elumami, Ahmed (14 July 2013). 5000: 4974: 4948: 4922: 4896: 4866: 4839: 4748: 4722: 4691: 4643: 4617: 4591: 4561: 4531: 4505: 4413: 4387: 4356: 4330: 4304: 4278: 4248: 4196: 4170: 4109: 3994:Ashraf, Fady (15 August 2013). 3909: 3879: 3852: 3825: 3799: 3773: 3747: 3721: 3695: 3669: 3639: 3609: 3582: 3552: 3522: 3492: 3462: 3436: 3418: 3392: 3366: 3340: 3284: 3258: 3195: 3164: 3134: 3104: 3074: 3044: 2950: 2924: 2694:. 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(15 August 2013). 2184:"Egypt at a bleak crossroads" 2110: 2007: 1489:Justice and Development Party 1017:Egyptian Football Association 852:International Press Institute 704: 619:State of emergency and curfew 445: 9149:August 2013 crimes in Africa 8293:Twin towns and sister cities 8133: 7805:Assassination of Anwar Sadat 6641:November 2011 Tahrir clashes 6601:Trials and judicial hearings 6560:Resignation of Hosni Mubarak 6406:. CBC News. 14 August 2013. 4093:. Sky News. 15 August 2012. 2960:. CBC News. 11 August 2013. 1979:Center for American Progress 1049:, former Botswana President 869: 574: 519: 7: 9134:Political violence in Egypt 9099:Egyptian Crisis (2011–2014) 9094:August 2013 events in Egypt 8821:Vehicle registration plates 8499: 8475:Water supply and sanitation 8310: 7493: 6744:Republican Guard HQ clashes 6659:2012 Shura Council election 6512:Egyptian Crisis (2011–2014) 4575:. Reuters. 15 August 2013. 2042: 1965:or even make the country a 874: 505:warned ahead of the Muslim 10: 9180: 9154:Police brutality in Africa 8480:Water resources management 7071:Reda Mahmoud Hafez Mohamed 6796:2014 presidential election 6749:August 2013 Rabaa massacre 6739:2013–2014 post-coup unrest 6664:2012 presidential election 2023: 1566:– After Foreign Secretary 828:Al Jazeera Media Network's 495: 449: 18:August 2013 Rabaa massacre 9074:2013 Egyptian coup d'état 9013: 8839: 8511: 8507: 8494: 8375:Impact on the environment 8365:Entrepreneurship policies 8318: 8305: 8141: 8128: 7982: 7969: 7937: 7839: 7505: 7501: 7488: 7361: 7313:Abdel Moneim Aboul Fotouh 7295: 7226: 7178: 7145: 7122: 7113: 7084: 7045: 7036: 6988: 6945: 6922: 6913: 6891: 6858: 6851: 6804: 6728: 6674: 6580: 6539: 6532: 6518: 5830:The Sydney Morning Herald 3757:. BBC. 12 November 2013. 1481:General National Congress 976:Abdel Moneim Aboul Fotouh 568:Egyptian state television 474:2013 Egyptian coup d'état 271: 263:Post-coup unrest in Egypt 220: 212: 204: 138: 109: 91: 77: 63: 55: 50: 9159:Law enforcement in Egypt 9089:Attacks in Egypt in 2013 8146:Administrative divisions 7822:2011 Egyptian revolution 7763:1952 Egyptian revolution 7559:Lighthouse of Alexandria 7282:Muslim Brotherhood Youth 7254:Revolutionary Socialists 5166:. English.ahram.org.eg. 5140:. English.ahram.org.eg. 5114:. English.ahram.org.eg. 5088:. English.ahram.org.eg. 4958:. English.ahram.org.eg. 4932:. English.ahram.org.eg. 4340:. UNESCO. 17 July 2013. 3809:. English.ahram.org.eg. 3783:. English.ahram.org.eg. 3679:. English.ahram.org.eg. 1370:Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono 810:Rassd News Network (RNN) 719:Egyptian Health Ministry 458:2011 Egyptian revolution 424:2011 Egyptian revolution 216:Egyptian Security Forces 8350:Egyptian stock exchange 7076:Abd El Aziz Seif-Eldeen 6878:Rabaa Al-Adawiya Mosque 6570:International reactions 5730:. CNN. 15 August 2013. 4773:(subscription required) 4704:The Wall Street Journal 2444:"All According to Plan" 1781:, party Vice President 1055:Dileita Mohamed Dileita 891:international community 789:Habiba Ahmed Abd Elaziz 541:Rabaa al-Adawiya Mosque 404:crimes against humanity 378:Rabaa al-Adawiya Square 357:On 14 August 2013, the 150:: 904–1,000+ protesters 132:Unaffiliated protesters 38:Infobox civilian attack 31: 8681:International rankings 7686:Egyptian–Ethiopian War 7244:April 6 Youth Movement 7239:We are all Khaled Said 6769:December 2013 Mansoura 6646:Port Said Stadium riot 6636:Maspero demonstrations 2091:, an event in the U.S. 2021: 943:April 6 Youth Movement 927: 917: 714: 628: 492: 208:At least 3,994 injured 97:; 11 years ago 43:considered for merging 9079:2013 murders in Egypt 8286:Terrorism and tourism 7744:1948 Arab–Israeli War 7576:Library of Alexandria 6834:2014 Taba bus bombing 5923:Norwegian News Agency 5643:. MSN. Archived from 2015: 922: 912: 771:Attack on journalists 712: 626: 490: 158:87 at al-Nahda Square 9144:Mass murder in Cairo 8997:World Heritage Sites 8816:Units of measurement 8271:Proposed new capital 8017:Environmental issues 7778:United Arab Republic 7671:Muhammad Ali dynasty 6839:October 2014 attacks 6693:Constituent Assembly 6462:. 29 November 2013. 3848:– via YouTube. 3298:on 15 September 2013 2856:. Associated Press. 2074:Grand Mosque seizure 2037:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan 1940:Abdel Fattah el-Sisi 1844:– Foreign Secretary 1828:United Arab Emirates 1810:Recep Tayyip Erdogan 1485:Muslim Brotherhood's 1461:Islamic Action Front 1457:Muslim Brotherhood's 1104:– Secretary-General 1037:Supranational bodies 1004:was deprived of his 996:. In November 2013, 960:Free Egyptians Party 908:Abdel Fattah el-Sisi 785:Michael "Mick" Deane 366:Abdel Fattah el-Sisi 95:August 14, 2013 8669:Freedom of religion 8564:Mass sexual assault 7929:Timekeeping devices 7827:2013 Rabaa massacre 7800:Egyptian–Libyan War 7171:(Interior Minister) 6981:(Interior Minister) 6819:August 2011 attacks 6169:The Washington Post 6119:on 11 December 2018 6113:The Washington Post 6062:on 16 February 2016 4208:The Washington Post 3122:on 6 September 2013 2991:The Washington Post 2610:The Washington Post 2100:Siege of Lal Masjid 1724:– Foreign Minister 1514:– Foreign Minister 1487:political arm, the 1459:political arm, the 1444:– Foreign Minister 1425:– Foreign Minister 1323:– Foreign Minister 1304:– Foreign Minister 1252:– Foreign Minister 1234:– Foreign Minister 1199:Bahrain News Agency 743:On 12 August 2014, 386:removed from office 285:Republican Guard HQ 155:817 at Rabaa Square 9104:Massacres in Egypt 8859:Art (contemporary) 8539:Capital punishment 8429:Telecommunications 8106:Towns and villages 8074:Qattara Depression 7887:Muslim Brotherhood 7857:Cigarette industry 7717:British occupation 7628:Crusader invasions 7598:Rashidun Caliphate 7429:Maikel Nabil Sanad 7424:Israa Abdel Fattah 7409:Alaa Abd El-Fattah 7389:Hossam el-Hamalawy 7296:Opposition figures 7259:Strong Egypt Party 7169:Ahmed Gamal el-Din 7165:(Foreign Minister) 7102:(Foreign Minister) 7014:Ahmad Fathi Sorour 6975:(Foreign Minister) 6883:6th October Bridge 6873:Qasr El Nil Bridge 6824:August 2012 attack 6774:January 2014 Cairo 6715:June 2013 protests 6710:2012–2013 protests 6565:Domestic responses 6550:Revolution of 2011 6175:on 8 December 2018 5925:. 14 August 2013. 5832:. 15 August 2013. 5793:. 16 August 2013. 5763:. 16 August 2013. 5590:. 16 August 2013. 5497:. 15 August 2013. 5262:. 14 August 2013. 4880:. 14 August 2013. 4573:The Times of India 4210:. 14 August 2013. 4064:. 14 August 2013. 3962:. 14 August 2013. 3923:. 15 August 2013. 3893:. 15 August 2013. 3653:. 31 August 2013. 3623:. 14 August 2013. 3566:. 15 August 2013. 3536:. 15 August 2013. 3476:. 14 August 2013. 3209:. 15 August 2013. 3177:The New York Times 3148:. 14 August 2013. 3088:. 14 August 2013. 3058:. 14 August 2013. 2822:The New York Times 2730:The New York Times 2668:. 15 August 2013. 2508:The New York Times 2479:. 15 August 2013. 2388:. 15 August 2013. 2246:. 12 August 2014. 2244:Human Rights Watch 2216:. 16 August 2014. 2186:. 18 August 2013. 2130:. 12 August 2013. 2105:Operation Bluestar 2022: 2001:Muslim Brotherhood 1957:The New York Times 1706:Muslim Brotherhood 1568:Albert del Rosario 1479:– A member of the 1047:Alpha Oumar Konare 1002:Ahmed Abd El-Zaher 858:NCHR investigation 765:Mohamed el-Beltagy 745:Human Rights Watch 717:On 14 August, the 715: 629: 593:Muslim Brotherhood 589:The New York Times 493: 472:culminated in the 436:state of emergency 416:Muslim Brotherhood 400:Human Rights Watch 190:43 police officers 148:Human Rights Watch 123:Muslim Brotherhood 9124:Protests in Egypt 9109:Massacres in 2013 9061: 9060: 9009: 9008: 9005: 9004: 8933:Football stadiums 8864:Botanical gardens 8743:Catholic dioceses 8635:Gender inequality 8559:Human trafficking 8490: 8489: 8424:Tallest buildings 8385:Military industry 8301: 8300: 8242:Political parties 8195:Islamic extremism 8183:Foreign relations 8124: 8123: 7965: 7964: 7961: 7960: 7705:French occupation 7623:Fatimid Caliphate 7618:Ikhshidid dynasty 7447: 7446: 7303:Mohamed ElBaradei 7269:Zamalek’s Ultras 7227:Opposition groups 7222: 7221: 7189:Khairat el-Shater 7163:Mohamed Kamel Amr 7155:(Prime Minister, 7109: 7108: 7100:Mohamed Kamel Amr 7032: 7031: 6973:Ahmed Aboul Gheit 6965:(Prime Minister, 6955:(Prime Minister, 6909: 6908: 6847: 6846: 6789:2014 Constitution 6759:Battle of Kerdasa 6703:2012 Constitution 6362:. Bloomberg L.P. 5867:on 26 August 2013 5561:on 18 August 2013 5553:(in Portuguese). 5193:. AllAfrica.com. 4910:on 16 August 2013 4827:on 19 August 2013 4798:on 15 August 2013 4683:. Bloomberg L.P. 4318:on 20 August 2013 4260:The Atlantic Wire 3863:. Bloomberg L.P. 3510:on 17 August 2013 2997:on 25 August 2013 2736:on 13 August 2014 2568:on 2 October 2013 2294:Los Angeles Times 1985:Financial markets 1944:anti-U.S. slogans 1808:. Prime Minister 1774:Rachid Ghannouchi 1325:Guido Westerwelle 1193:– Facing its own 1077:Herman van Rompuy 882:Mohamed ElBaradei 736:On 5 March 2014, 723:Interior Ministry 526:Interior Ministry 514:Interior Ministry 512:According to the 354: 353: 228: 227: 224:Protest dispersal 174:8 police officers 72: 16:(Redirected from 9171: 9051: 9050: 9041: 9040: 9031: 9021: 9020: 8826:Waste management 8591:Academic grading 8509: 8508: 8496: 8495: 8468:Railway stations 8446:Cultural tourism 8345:Economic regions 8307: 8306: 8130: 8129: 7971: 7970: 7640:Mamluk Sultanate 7571:Diocese of Egypt 7554:Battle of Actium 7503: 7502: 7490: 7489: 7474: 7467: 7460: 7451: 7450: 7353:Hisham Bastawisy 7138:(Vice President) 7120: 7119: 7096:(Prime Minister) 7055:Muhammad Tantawi 7043: 7042: 7019:Safwat El-Sherif 6938:(Vice President) 6920: 6919: 6856: 6855: 6806:Sinai insurgency 6754:Kerdasa massacre 6720:2013 coup d'état 6537: 6536: 6505: 6498: 6491: 6482: 6481: 6476: 6475: 6473: 6471: 6460:Voice of America 6452: 6446: 6445: 6443: 6441: 6426: 6420: 6419: 6417: 6415: 6400: 6394: 6393: 6391: 6389: 6374: 6368: 6367: 6355: 6349: 6348: 6346: 6344: 6328: 6322: 6321: 6319: 6317: 6301: 6295: 6294: 6292: 6290: 6274: 6268: 6267: 6265: 6263: 6244: 6238: 6237: 6235: 6233: 6218: 6212: 6211: 6209: 6207: 6191: 6185: 6184: 6182: 6180: 6161: 6155: 6154: 6152: 6150: 6135: 6129: 6128: 6126: 6124: 6105: 6099: 6098: 6096: 6094: 6078: 6072: 6071: 6069: 6067: 6052: 6043: 6042: 6040: 6038: 6023: 6017: 6016: 6014: 6012: 5997: 5991: 5990: 5988: 5986: 5971: 5965: 5964: 5962: 5960: 5945: 5939: 5938: 5936: 5934: 5921:(in Norwegian). 5909: 5903: 5902: 5900: 5898: 5883: 5877: 5876: 5874: 5872: 5863:. Archived from 5852: 5846: 5845: 5843: 5841: 5822: 5807: 5806: 5804: 5802: 5783: 5777: 5776: 5774: 5772: 5753: 5744: 5743: 5741: 5739: 5724: 5713: 5712: 5710: 5708: 5689: 5683: 5682: 5680: 5678: 5663: 5657: 5656: 5654: 5652: 5636: 5630: 5629: 5627: 5625: 5610: 5604: 5603: 5601: 5599: 5580: 5571: 5570: 5568: 5566: 5547: 5541: 5540: 5538: 5536: 5517: 5511: 5510: 5508: 5506: 5487: 5481: 5480: 5478: 5476: 5461: 5440: 5439: 5437: 5435: 5424: 5405: 5404: 5402: 5400: 5385: 5379: 5378: 5376: 5374: 5359: 5353: 5352: 5350: 5348: 5328: 5319: 5318: 5316: 5314: 5299: 5276: 5275: 5273: 5271: 5252: 5233: 5232: 5230: 5228: 5213: 5207: 5206: 5204: 5202: 5186: 5180: 5179: 5177: 5175: 5160: 5154: 5153: 5151: 5149: 5134: 5128: 5127: 5125: 5123: 5108: 5102: 5101: 5099: 5097: 5082: 5076: 5075: 5073: 5071: 5056: 5050: 5049: 5047: 5045: 5030: 5024: 5023: 5021: 5019: 5004: 4998: 4997: 4995: 4993: 4978: 4972: 4971: 4969: 4967: 4952: 4946: 4945: 4943: 4941: 4926: 4920: 4919: 4917: 4915: 4900: 4894: 4893: 4891: 4889: 4870: 4864: 4863: 4861: 4859: 4843: 4837: 4836: 4834: 4832: 4817: 4808: 4807: 4805: 4803: 4784: 4775: 4774: 4771: 4769: 4767: 4752: 4746: 4745: 4743: 4741: 4726: 4720: 4719: 4717: 4715: 4695: 4689: 4688: 4676: 4667: 4666: 4664: 4662: 4647: 4641: 4640: 4638: 4636: 4621: 4615: 4614: 4612: 4610: 4595: 4589: 4588: 4586: 4584: 4565: 4559: 4558: 4556: 4554: 4545:. 31 July 2013. 4543:Daily News Egypt 4535: 4529: 4528: 4526: 4524: 4509: 4503: 4502: 4500: 4498: 4483: 4472: 4471: 4469: 4467: 4452: 4443: 4442: 4440: 4438: 4417: 4411: 4410: 4408: 4406: 4391: 4385: 4384: 4382: 4380: 4360: 4354: 4353: 4351: 4349: 4334: 4328: 4327: 4325: 4323: 4308: 4302: 4301: 4299: 4297: 4282: 4276: 4275: 4273: 4271: 4262:. 10 July 2013. 4252: 4246: 4245: 4243: 4241: 4225: 4216: 4215: 4200: 4194: 4193: 4191: 4189: 4174: 4168: 4167: 4165: 4163: 4143: 4134: 4133: 4131: 4129: 4113: 4107: 4106: 4104: 4102: 4087: 4078: 4077: 4075: 4073: 4054: 4045: 4044: 4042: 4040: 4025: 4016: 4015: 4013: 4011: 4000:Daily News Egypt 3991: 3976: 3975: 3973: 3971: 3952: 3937: 3936: 3934: 3932: 3913: 3907: 3906: 3904: 3902: 3883: 3877: 3876: 3874: 3872: 3856: 3850: 3849: 3847: 3845: 3829: 3823: 3822: 3820: 3818: 3803: 3797: 3796: 3794: 3792: 3777: 3771: 3770: 3768: 3766: 3751: 3745: 3744: 3742: 3740: 3725: 3719: 3718: 3716: 3714: 3699: 3693: 3692: 3690: 3688: 3673: 3667: 3666: 3664: 3662: 3643: 3637: 3636: 3634: 3632: 3613: 3607: 3606: 3604: 3602: 3586: 3580: 3579: 3577: 3575: 3556: 3550: 3549: 3547: 3545: 3526: 3520: 3519: 3517: 3515: 3496: 3490: 3489: 3487: 3485: 3466: 3460: 3459: 3457: 3455: 3440: 3434: 3433: 3422: 3416: 3415: 3413: 3411: 3396: 3390: 3389: 3387: 3385: 3370: 3364: 3363: 3361: 3359: 3344: 3338: 3337: 3335: 3333: 3317: 3308: 3307: 3305: 3303: 3288: 3282: 3281: 3279: 3277: 3262: 3256: 3255: 3253: 3251: 3236: 3223: 3222: 3220: 3218: 3199: 3193: 3192: 3190: 3188: 3168: 3162: 3161: 3159: 3157: 3138: 3132: 3131: 3129: 3127: 3108: 3102: 3101: 3099: 3097: 3078: 3072: 3071: 3069: 3067: 3048: 3042: 3041: 3039: 3037: 3022: 3007: 3006: 3004: 3002: 2983: 2974: 2973: 2971: 2969: 2954: 2948: 2947: 2945: 2943: 2928: 2922: 2921: 2919: 2917: 2897: 2870: 2869: 2867: 2865: 2849: 2838: 2837: 2835: 2833: 2813: 2768: 2767: 2755: 2746: 2745: 2743: 2741: 2732:. Archived from 2721: 2708: 2707: 2705: 2703: 2688: 2682: 2681: 2679: 2677: 2658: 2652: 2651: 2649: 2647: 2632: 2626: 2625: 2623: 2621: 2601: 2578: 2577: 2575: 2573: 2554: 2545: 2544: 2533: 2524: 2523: 2521: 2519: 2499: 2493: 2492: 2490: 2488: 2469: 2460: 2459: 2457: 2455: 2440: 2431: 2430: 2428: 2426: 2411: 2402: 2401: 2399: 2397: 2378: 2372: 2371: 2369: 2367: 2352: 2339: 2338: 2336: 2334: 2323:Daily News Egypt 2314: 2299: 2298: 2297:. 17 March 2014. 2285: 2279: 2278: 2271: 2260: 2259: 2257: 2255: 2236: 2230: 2229: 2227: 2225: 2214:Daily News Egypt 2206: 2200: 2199: 2197: 2195: 2180: 2174: 2173: 2171: 2169: 2160:. 28 June 2013. 2158:Daily News Egypt 2150: 2144: 2143: 2141: 2139: 2120: 2083:Kerdasa massacre 1930:Outside protests 1924:Nordic countries 1914: 1912: 1911: 1895: 1893: 1892: 1859: 1857: 1856: 1840: 1838: 1837: 1826: 1824: 1823: 1806:Syrian civil war 1796: 1794: 1793: 1757: 1755: 1754: 1743: 1741: 1740: 1720: 1718: 1717: 1697: 1695: 1694: 1683: 1681: 1680: 1669: 1667: 1666: 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8691:Egyptian Arabic 8601:Medical schools 8503: 8486: 8402:Nuclear program 8314: 8297: 8227:Nationality law 8220:Supreme Council 8205:Law enforcement 8137: 8120: 8096:Sinai Peninsula 8079:Red Sea Riviera 7978: 7957: 7933: 7835: 7722:1919 revolution 7710:Revolt of Cairo 7635:Ayyubid dynasty 7613:Tulunid dynasty 7497: 7484: 7478: 7448: 7443: 7357: 7291: 7218: 7209:Mohamed Beltagy 7204:Saad El-Katatni 7174: 7141: 7115: 7105: 7080: 7061:Sami Hafez Anan 7038: 7028: 6984: 6941: 6915: 6905: 6887: 6843: 6829:Operation Sinai 6814:Operation Eagle 6800: 6780:Reform process 6724: 6689:Reform process 6670: 6610:Reform process 6576: 6528: 6514: 6509: 6479: 6469: 6467: 6454: 6453: 6449: 6439: 6437: 6428: 6427: 6423: 6413: 6411: 6402: 6401: 6397: 6387: 6385: 6376: 6375: 6371: 6356: 6352: 6342: 6340: 6329: 6325: 6315: 6313: 6302: 6298: 6288: 6286: 6275: 6271: 6261: 6259: 6246: 6245: 6241: 6231: 6229: 6220: 6219: 6215: 6205: 6203: 6192: 6188: 6178: 6176: 6163: 6162: 6158: 6148: 6146: 6137: 6136: 6132: 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2078:Masjid al-Haram 2045: 2028: 2010: 1909: 1907: 1890: 1888: 1854: 1852: 1835: 1833: 1821: 1819: 1791: 1789: 1763:Moncef Marzouki 1752: 1750: 1738: 1736: 1715: 1713: 1692: 1690: 1678: 1676: 1664: 1662: 1645: 1643: 1631: 1629: 1617: 1615: 1599: 1597: 1576: 1574: 1557: 1555: 1538: 1536: 1524: 1522: 1505: 1503: 1470: 1468: 1435: 1433: 1416: 1414: 1391: 1389: 1377: 1375: 1359: 1357: 1341: 1339: 1314: 1312: 1295: 1293: 1281: 1279: 1262: 1260: 1243: 1241: 1225: 1223: 1206: 1204: 1184: 1182: 1170: 1168: 1137: 1135: 1095: 1093: 1087:Bernardino León 1062: 1060: 1025: 967:Popular Current 877: 872: 860: 773: 707: 690:Sharm el-Sheikh 621: 577: 560:Mohamed Ibrahim 522: 498: 454: 448: 384:, who had been 355: 350: 328:Other incidents 290:Rabaa and Nahda 276: 267: 262: 260: 258: 180:Health Ministry 101: 99: 96: 73: 46: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 9177: 9167: 9166: 9161: 9156: 9151: 9146: 9141: 9136: 9131: 9126: 9121: 9116: 9111: 9106: 9101: 9096: 9091: 9086: 9081: 9076: 9059: 9058: 9056: 9055: 9045: 9035: 9025: 9014: 9011: 9010: 9007: 9006: 9003: 9002: 9000: 8999: 8994: 8989: 8984: 8979: 8974: 8969: 8968: 8967: 8962: 8957: 8952: 8942: 8937: 8936: 8935: 8930: 8928:Football clubs 8920: 8919: 8918: 8913: 8903: 8898: 8897: 8896: 8891: 8881: 8876: 8871: 8866: 8861: 8856: 8851: 8845: 8843: 8837: 8836: 8834: 8833: 8828: 8823: 8818: 8813: 8808: 8807: 8806: 8801: 8800: 8799: 8789: 8788: 8787: 8782: 8777: 8767: 8762: 8757: 8752: 8751: 8750: 8745: 8735: 8730: 8720: 8715: 8710: 8705: 8704: 8703: 8698: 8693: 8683: 8678: 8677: 8676: 8671: 8661: 8656: 8655: 8654: 8649: 8639: 8638: 8637: 8627: 8626: 8625: 8615: 8614: 8613: 8608: 8603: 8598: 8593: 8583: 8578: 8573: 8572: 8571: 8566: 8561: 8551: 8546: 8541: 8536: 8531: 8526: 8524:Animal welfare 8521: 8515: 8513: 8505: 8504: 8492: 8491: 8488: 8487: 8485: 8484: 8483: 8482: 8472: 8471: 8470: 8465: 8460: 8450: 8449: 8448: 8438: 8437: 8436: 8426: 8421: 8416: 8415: 8414: 8407:Power stations 8404: 8399: 8398: 8397: 8387: 8382: 8377: 8372: 8367: 8362: 8357: 8355:Egyptian pound 8352: 8347: 8342: 8337: 8336: 8335: 8325: 8319: 8316: 8315: 8303: 8302: 8299: 8298: 8296: 8295: 8290: 8289: 8288: 8278: 8273: 8268: 8267: 8266: 8259:Prime Minister 8256: 8255: 8254: 8244: 8239: 8234: 8229: 8224: 8223: 8222: 8212: 8207: 8202: 8197: 8192: 8191: 8190: 8180: 8175: 8170: 8165: 8160: 8155: 8154: 8153: 8142: 8139: 8138: 8126: 8125: 8122: 8121: 8119: 8118: 8113: 8108: 8103: 8098: 8093: 8092: 8091: 8081: 8076: 8071: 8066: 8064:Northern coast 8061: 8056: 8055: 8054: 8044: 8039: 8034: 8029: 8024: 8019: 8014: 8009: 8004: 7999: 7994: 7989: 7983: 7980: 7979: 7967: 7966: 7963: 7962: 7959: 7958: 7956: 7951: 7946: 7941: 7939: 7935: 7934: 7932: 7931: 7926: 7921: 7916: 7911: 7906: 7905: 7904: 7899: 7894: 7884: 7879: 7874: 7869: 7864: 7859: 7854: 7849: 7843: 7841: 7837: 7836: 7834: 7833: 7832: 7831: 7830: 7829: 7824: 7814: 7809: 7808: 7807: 7802: 7797: 7795:Yom Kippur War 7787: 7786: 7785: 7780: 7775: 7770: 7765: 7750: 7749: 7748: 7747: 7746: 7736: 7731: 7726: 7725: 7724: 7714: 7713: 7712: 7697: 7696: 7695: 7694: 7693: 7688: 7678: 7673: 7663: 7662: 7661: 7651: 7650: 7649: 7648: 7647: 7637: 7632: 7631: 7630: 7620: 7615: 7610: 7605: 7600: 7590: 7585: 7584: 7583: 7578: 7573: 7563: 7562: 7561: 7556: 7546: 7545: 7544: 7539: 7529: 7528: 7527: 7517: 7511: 7509: 7499: 7498: 7486: 7485: 7477: 7476: 7469: 7462: 7454: 7445: 7444: 7442: 7441: 7436: 7431: 7426: 7421: 7416: 7411: 7406: 7401: 7396: 7391: 7386: 7381: 7376: 7371: 7365: 7363: 7359: 7358: 7356: 7355: 7350: 7345: 7340: 7335: 7330: 7325: 7320: 7318:Bothaina Kamel 7315: 7310: 7308:Hamdeen Sabahi 7305: 7299: 7297: 7293: 7292: 7290: 7289: 7284: 7279: 7274: 7266: 7264:Al-Ahly Ultras 7261: 7256: 7251: 7246: 7241: 7236: 7230: 7228: 7224: 7223: 7220: 7219: 7217: 7216: 7211: 7206: 7201: 7199:Essam el-Erian 7196: 7194:Mohammed Badie 7191: 7185: 7183: 7176: 7175: 7173: 7172: 7166: 7160: 7149: 7147: 7143: 7142: 7140: 7139: 7133: 7126: 7124: 7117: 7111: 7110: 7107: 7106: 7104: 7103: 7097: 7094:Kamal Ganzouri 7090: 7088: 7082: 7081: 7079: 7078: 7073: 7068: 7063: 7058: 7051: 7049: 7040: 7034: 7033: 7030: 7029: 7027: 7026: 7021: 7016: 7011: 7006: 7001: 6995: 6993: 6986: 6985: 6983: 6982: 6976: 6970: 6960: 6949: 6947: 6943: 6942: 6940: 6939: 6933: 6926: 6924: 6917: 6911: 6910: 6907: 6906: 6904: 6903: 6897: 6895: 6889: 6888: 6886: 6885: 6880: 6875: 6870: 6864: 6862: 6853: 6849: 6848: 6845: 6844: 6842: 6841: 6836: 6831: 6826: 6821: 6816: 6810: 6808: 6802: 6801: 6799: 6798: 6793: 6792: 6791: 6786: 6778: 6777: 6776: 6771: 6763: 6762: 6761: 6756: 6751: 6746: 6735: 6733: 6726: 6725: 6723: 6722: 6717: 6712: 6707: 6706: 6705: 6700: 6695: 6687: 6681: 6679: 6672: 6671: 6669: 6668: 6667: 6666: 6661: 6656: 6648: 6643: 6638: 6633: 6628: 6627: 6626: 6621: 6616: 6608: 6603: 6598: 6593: 6587: 6585: 6578: 6577: 6575: 6574: 6573: 6572: 6567: 6562: 6557: 6546: 6544: 6534: 6530: 6529: 6519: 6516: 6515: 6508: 6507: 6500: 6493: 6485: 6478: 6477: 6447: 6421: 6395: 6369: 6350: 6335:. Al Jazeera. 6323: 6308:. Al Jazeera. 6296: 6281:. Al Jazeera. 6269: 6239: 6213: 6186: 6156: 6130: 6100: 6085:. Al Jazeera. 6073: 6044: 6018: 5992: 5966: 5940: 5904: 5878: 5847: 5808: 5778: 5745: 5714: 5684: 5658: 5631: 5605: 5572: 5542: 5512: 5482: 5441: 5406: 5380: 5354: 5337:The Daily Star 5320: 5305:. Al Jazeera. 5277: 5234: 5208: 5181: 5155: 5129: 5103: 5077: 5051: 5036:. Al Jazeera. 5025: 4999: 4973: 4947: 4921: 4895: 4865: 4850:. Al Jazeera. 4838: 4809: 4776: 4747: 4721: 4690: 4668: 4642: 4616: 4590: 4560: 4530: 4504: 4473: 4444: 4412: 4386: 4355: 4329: 4303: 4277: 4247: 4217: 4195: 4169: 4135: 4108: 4079: 4046: 4017: 3977: 3938: 3908: 3878: 3851: 3824: 3798: 3772: 3746: 3720: 3694: 3668: 3638: 3608: 3593:. Al Jazeera. 3581: 3551: 3521: 3491: 3461: 3435: 3417: 3391: 3365: 3339: 3324:. Al Jazeera. 3309: 3283: 3257: 3224: 3194: 3163: 3133: 3103: 3073: 3043: 3008: 2975: 2949: 2923: 2871: 2839: 2769: 2747: 2709: 2683: 2653: 2627: 2579: 2562:World Bulletin 2546: 2525: 2494: 2461: 2432: 2403: 2373: 2340: 2300: 2280: 2261: 2231: 2201: 2175: 2145: 2114: 2112: 2109: 2108: 2107: 2102: 2097: 2092: 2086: 2080: 2071: 2066: 2061: 2056: 2051: 2049:Mohamed Soltan 2044: 2041: 2024:Main article: 2009: 2006: 2005: 2004: 1996: 1995: 1987: 1986: 1953: 1952: 1932: 1931: 1920: 1919: 1905: 1901:Nicolas Maduro 1886: 1850: 1842:United Kingdom 1831: 1817: 1787: 1748: 1734: 1711: 1710: 1709: 1688: 1674: 1660: 1641: 1627: 1613: 1595: 1594: 1593: 1572: 1553: 1534: 1520: 1501: 1500: 1499: 1466: 1465: 1464: 1431: 1412: 1387: 1373: 1355: 1337: 1334:Sharm El-Sheik 1310: 1306:Laurent Fabius 1291: 1277: 1258: 1239: 1221: 1202: 1180: 1166: 1165: 1164: 1132: 1131: 1127: 1126: 1114: 1110: 1109: 1102:United Nations 1091: 1069:European Union 1058: 1039: 1038: 1030: 1029: 1024: 1021: 971:Hamdeen Sabahi 963:Naguib Sawiris 951:New Wafd Party 934:Ahmed el-Tayeb 876: 873: 871: 868: 859: 856: 772: 769: 706: 703: 620: 617: 613:Mohammed Badie 576: 573: 521: 518: 497: 494: 456:Following the 447: 444: 352: 351: 349: 348: 347: 346: 344:Taba, Feb 2014 336: 330: 329: 325: 324: 319: 313: 312: 308: 307: 302: 297: 292: 287: 281: 280: 272: 269: 268: 257: 256: 249: 242: 234: 226: 225: 222: 218: 217: 214: 210: 209: 206: 202: 201: 200: 199: 198:: 2,600 deaths 192: 191: 188: 187:595 protesters 184: 183: 176: 175: 172: 171:624 protesters 168: 167: 160: 159: 156: 152: 151: 143:Estimates vary 140: 136: 135: 134: 133: 130: 125: 118:demonstrators: 111: 107: 106: 93: 89: 88: 79: 75: 74: 69: 61: 60: 53: 52: 51:Rabaa massacre 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9176: 9165: 9162: 9160: 9157: 9155: 9152: 9150: 9147: 9145: 9142: 9140: 9137: 9135: 9132: 9130: 9127: 9125: 9122: 9120: 9117: 9115: 9112: 9110: 9107: 9105: 9102: 9100: 9097: 9095: 9092: 9090: 9087: 9085: 9084:2013 protests 9082: 9080: 9077: 9075: 9072: 9071: 9069: 9054: 9046: 9044: 9036: 9034: 9030: 9026: 9024: 9016: 9015: 9012: 8998: 8995: 8993: 8990: 8988: 8985: 8983: 8980: 8978: 8975: 8973: 8970: 8966: 8963: 8961: 8958: 8956: 8953: 8951: 8948: 8947: 8946: 8943: 8941: 8938: 8934: 8931: 8929: 8926: 8925: 8924: 8921: 8917: 8914: 8912: 8909: 8908: 8907: 8904: 8902: 8899: 8895: 8892: 8890: 8887: 8886: 8885: 8882: 8880: 8877: 8875: 8872: 8870: 8867: 8865: 8862: 8860: 8857: 8855: 8854:Art (ancient) 8852: 8850: 8847: 8846: 8844: 8842: 8838: 8832: 8829: 8827: 8824: 8822: 8819: 8817: 8814: 8812: 8809: 8805: 8802: 8798: 8795: 8794: 8793: 8790: 8786: 8783: 8781: 8778: 8776: 8773: 8772: 8771: 8768: 8766: 8763: 8761: 8758: 8756: 8753: 8749: 8746: 8744: 8741: 8740: 8739: 8736: 8734: 8733:Blasphemy law 8731: 8729: 8726: 8725: 8724: 8721: 8719: 8716: 8714: 8711: 8709: 8706: 8702: 8701:Sign Language 8699: 8697: 8696:Saʽidi Arabic 8694: 8692: 8689: 8688: 8687: 8684: 8682: 8679: 8675: 8672: 8670: 8667: 8666: 8665: 8662: 8660: 8657: 8653: 8650: 8648: 8645: 8644: 8643: 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7761: 7760: 7759: 7756: 7755: 7754: 7751: 7745: 7742: 7741: 7740: 7737: 7735: 7732: 7730: 7727: 7723: 7720: 7719: 7718: 7715: 7711: 7708: 7707: 7706: 7703: 7702: 7701: 7698: 7692: 7689: 7687: 7684: 7683: 7682: 7679: 7677: 7674: 7672: 7669: 7668: 7667: 7664: 7660: 7659:Ottoman Egypt 7657: 7656: 7655: 7652: 7646: 7643: 7642: 7641: 7638: 7636: 7633: 7629: 7626: 7625: 7624: 7621: 7619: 7616: 7614: 7611: 7609: 7606: 7604: 7601: 7599: 7596: 7595: 7594: 7591: 7589: 7586: 7582: 7579: 7577: 7574: 7572: 7569: 7568: 7567: 7564: 7560: 7557: 7555: 7552: 7551: 7550: 7547: 7543: 7540: 7538: 7535: 7534: 7533: 7530: 7526: 7523: 7522: 7521: 7518: 7516: 7513: 7512: 7510: 7508: 7504: 7500: 7496: 7491: 7487: 7482: 7475: 7470: 7468: 7463: 7461: 7456: 7455: 7452: 7440: 7439:Mohammed Adel 7437: 7435: 7432: 7430: 7427: 7425: 7422: 7420: 7419:Asmaa Mahfouz 7417: 7415: 7412: 7410: 7407: 7405: 7402: 7400: 7397: 7395: 7392: 7390: 7387: 7385: 7382: 7380: 7377: 7375: 7372: 7370: 7367: 7366: 7364: 7360: 7354: 7351: 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6934: 6931: 6930:Hosni Mubarak 6928: 6927: 6925: 6921: 6918: 6912: 6902: 6899: 6898: 6896: 6894: 6890: 6884: 6881: 6879: 6876: 6874: 6871: 6869: 6868:Tahrir Square 6866: 6865: 6863: 6861: 6857: 6854: 6850: 6840: 6837: 6835: 6832: 6830: 6827: 6825: 6822: 6820: 6817: 6815: 6812: 6811: 6809: 6807: 6803: 6797: 6794: 6790: 6787: 6785: 6782: 6781: 6779: 6775: 6772: 6770: 6767: 6766: 6764: 6760: 6757: 6755: 6752: 6750: 6747: 6745: 6742: 6741: 6740: 6737: 6736: 6734: 6731: 6727: 6721: 6718: 6716: 6713: 6711: 6708: 6704: 6701: 6699: 6696: 6694: 6691: 6690: 6688: 6686: 6683: 6682: 6680: 6677: 6673: 6665: 6662: 6660: 6657: 6655: 6652: 6651: 6649: 6647: 6644: 6642: 6639: 6637: 6634: 6632: 6629: 6625: 6622: 6620: 6617: 6615: 6612: 6611: 6609: 6607: 6604: 6602: 6599: 6597: 6594: 6592: 6589: 6588: 6586: 6583: 6579: 6571: 6568: 6566: 6563: 6561: 6558: 6556: 6553: 6552: 6551: 6548: 6547: 6545: 6542: 6538: 6535: 6531: 6527: 6523: 6517: 6513: 6506: 6501: 6499: 6494: 6492: 6487: 6486: 6483: 6465: 6461: 6457: 6451: 6435: 6431: 6425: 6409: 6405: 6399: 6383: 6379: 6373: 6365: 6361: 6354: 6338: 6334: 6327: 6311: 6307: 6300: 6284: 6280: 6273: 6257: 6253: 6252:The Telegraph 6249: 6243: 6227: 6223: 6217: 6201: 6197: 6190: 6174: 6170: 6166: 6160: 6144: 6140: 6134: 6118: 6114: 6110: 6104: 6088: 6084: 6077: 6061: 6057: 6051: 6049: 6032: 6028: 6022: 6006: 6002: 5996: 5980: 5976: 5970: 5954: 5950: 5944: 5928: 5924: 5920: 5919: 5914: 5908: 5892: 5888: 5882: 5866: 5862: 5858: 5851: 5835: 5831: 5827: 5821: 5819: 5817: 5815: 5813: 5796: 5792: 5788: 5782: 5766: 5762: 5758: 5752: 5750: 5733: 5729: 5723: 5721: 5719: 5702: 5698: 5697:Las Vegas Sun 5694: 5688: 5672: 5668: 5662: 5646: 5642: 5635: 5619: 5615: 5609: 5593: 5589: 5585: 5579: 5577: 5560: 5556: 5552: 5546: 5530: 5526: 5522: 5516: 5500: 5496: 5492: 5486: 5470: 5466: 5460: 5458: 5456: 5454: 5452: 5450: 5448: 5446: 5429: 5423: 5421: 5419: 5417: 5415: 5413: 5411: 5394: 5390: 5384: 5368: 5364: 5358: 5342: 5338: 5334: 5327: 5325: 5308: 5304: 5298: 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