August Belmont - Knowledge

1133:(Cambridge, Harvard, 1989) tells another story. She writes: “A Confederacy loan, issued in London in 1863 and marketed in London and Paris, was oversubscribed” (p. 103). Young Salomon de Rothschild was in the United States in 1859–1861 and was captivated by the American South. He wrote home on April 28, 1961, urging the Rothschilds to use their influence to have the Confederacy recognized. He saw the North as totally at fault” (p. 677 n. 90). The Confederacy loan “was also taken up in Liverpool, Amsterdam, and Frankfurt. Stanley Chapman calls the loan to the Confederacy ‘perhaps the most audaciously successful loan of the century.’... John Slidell (the uncle of August Belmont's wife) arranged the Confederacy loan. John Slidell's daughter, Mathilde, married Baron Frederic Emile d’Erlanger who was involved in that loan; their son, Baron Emile Beaumont d’Erlanger would become the senior partner in Emile Erlanger & Co., London (based on a family tree in the Belmont Family Papers, Columbia University)” (677 n. 94). In New York, Belmont helped organize the Democratic Vigilant Association, which sought to promote unity by promising Southerners that New York businessmen would protect the rights of the South and keep free-soil members out of office. 973:, Belmont expected Buchanan to be the next Democratic nominee and the likely President. Stateside, John Slidell organized members of Congress and bankers behind Buchanan for the 1856 nomination and lobbied Buchanan to resign from his post to openly stand as a candidate. He did in March 1856 and, after a visit to Belmont at The Hague, sailed home, where he was nominated and elected president. Belmont's role in the 1856 campaign was a matter of historical controversy; major accounts inaccurate imply he was in the United States, contributing thousands of dollars and planning campaign strategy. Biographer Irving Katz notes that Belmont did not return from Europe until November 1857 and, though he certainly committed money to the Buchanan campaign, no evidence exists as to an exact sum. Regardless of his exact role, he was again a subject of scrutiny and attack from the domestic press, who sought to tarnish Buchanan's image through connection to Belmont. 1196: 1494: 1315: 5534: 441: 1999: 802: 299: 1047:. Belmont also funded Douglas rallies in New York City, aiming to raise funds and keep the Northern party united behind Douglas. Douglas expressed gratitude and invited Belmont to meet in Washington in advance of the Baltimore convention, where Douglas was easily nominated without Southern participation. Belmont was selected as to represent New York on the Democratic National Committee and then elevated as the Committee's chairman; he would serve in the role for over a decade. Douglas biographer 5206: 433:, he learned that the Rothschilds' American agent, J.L. and S.I. Joseph & Co., had collapsed under liabilities of $ 7 million. As the situation called for a response from Europe more rapid than communications technology permitted, Belmont acted on his own judgment to postpone his trip to Cuba and superintend the Rothschild interests in New York, establishing August Belmont & Co. at 78 Wall Street. The Rothschilds eventually approved his decision, making him their permanent agent in the 5196: 393:, who were relatives by marriage of his grandmother and already leading European financiers, to train him for business. While training as an apprentice and running errands, he was tutored in French, English, composition, and arithmetic. In 1832, his training was rewarded with an appointment as confidential clerk; two years later, he became secretary and traveling companion to one of the firm's partners, which led to his first trip outside Germany to 609: 39: 992:, which Buchanan supported. Belmont, who considered Douglas a personal friend and the likely Democratic nominee in 1860, nevertheless publicly endorsed Buchanan's stance in 1858, circulating a petition which urged Congress to admit Kansas into the Union as a slave state and defending the administration against "'Black' Republicans and Know-Nothings" in an Independence Day speech at 1004:

unsuitable for the sensitive post. The snub agitated Belmont, who broke with the administration permanently, and then broke with his wife's uncle Slidell, after Slidell refused to relay an angry letter from Belmont to the President. Belmont's switch from Buchanan to Douglas drew him into the more moderate "Softshell" faction of the New York party, which favored

786:, create a diplomatic climate favorable to Spanish capitulation. For Naples, he recommended himself; Buchanan endorsed the plan and proposed it to Pierce, omitting Belmont's name. Belmont proposed the plan again to William Marcy upon learning that Marcy would become Secretary of State, adding that he was on good terms with the lover of 2411: 521:, earning him the nickname "King of the Money Changers." Within three years of his arrival in the city, he had amassed a personal fortune of $ 100,000 ($ 2,960,533 in 2023), making him one of the richest men in New York and one of the three most important private bankers in the United States. He was still only twenty-six. 782:, along with financial pressure from the Rothschilds and other European banking houses which held Spanish government bonds and could threaten the government with bankruptcy. In the letter, Belmont proposed that President-elect Pierce could, through his ministers to London and the Bourbon monarchies in Paris and 1528:

completed a bronze statue of a seated Belmont. The statue was originally installed in front of a small chapel adjacent to the Belmont burial plot in the Island Cemetery. It was later moved to a park between Washington Square and Touro Street in Newport. It was replaced by a marker dedicating the park

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as Minister to Spain, but his request was ignored by the White House, in part because Buchanan hoped to appoint John Slidell as Minister to France and felt he could not appoint both men to prominent posts. The decision has also been attributed to Belmont's role in the Ostend Manifesto, which made him

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community. His social companions were largely young rebellious men from well-to-do families; with these connections, he gradually began to introduce European cosmopolitan society to the United States. Belmont's early romantic and social life in the United States also drew controversy and opprobrium.

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According to one version of events, Belmont also used his influence with European business and political leaders to support the Union cause in the Civil War, trying to dissuade the Rothschilds and other French bankers from lending funds or credit for military purchases to the Confederacy and meeting

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from October 11, 1853, until September 26, 1854, when the position's title was changed to Minister Resident. He continued as Minister Resident until September 22, 1857. In this role, Belmont successfully negotiated two treaties with the Dutch government: a new commercial treaty permitting American

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in London and "several gentlemen of influence" in Madrid. He reported to Washington that Spain was unstable and desperate for financial relief, but also proposed rebellion in Cuba as an alternative to a direct sale, if blocked by "Castilian pride." In October 1853, Belmont requested from Marcy a

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Mrs. August Belmont died yesterday afternoon at 4:30 o'clock. An hour before death she became unconscious, and did not again rally. She passed away peacefully. At her bedside at her death was her son Perry Belmont, August Belmont Jr. and wife, S.S. Howland and wife, Oliver H.P. Belmont, and Dr.

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August Belmont and Miss Eleanor Robson, the actress who crosed her stage career with the fall of the curtain on "The Dawn of a To-Morrow" at the Majestic Theatre, Brooklyn, on Feb. 12, were married yesterday afternoon at 5 o'clock at, the home of the bride, 302 West Seventy-seventh Street, Mgr.

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August Belmont, the famous banker and turfman, died yesterday morning at 3 o'clock at his residence, 109 Fifth Avenue. The cause of Mr. Belmont's death was pneumonia, from which he had been suffering only three days. The beginning of the malady was a cold contracted at the recent horse show in

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during her sensational tour of the United States; Elssler's known reputation for promiscuity and her illegitimate child drew disapproval. In 1841, he was publicly accused of an affair with a married woman and responded by challenging the accuser to a duel, in which Belmont was shot in the hip.

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wrote, "the Committee hoped could smite the Manhattan rock and cause campaign funds to flow." Belmont biographer Irving Katz additionally cites Belmont's "organizing ability, his immense energy, his unswerving loyalty to the Douglas standard, and his efforts to diminish intraparty friction."

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After initial resistance from the Dutch foreign ministry, the affair was inflamed in summer 1854 when Gibson, impatient with the State Department's handling of the case, arrived in The Hague personally to pursue his claims, falsely representing himself to Belmont as a special diplomatic agent

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as his guest. The convention descended into chaos over the party's position on slavery, was disbanded, and was rescheduled for Baltimore six weeks later. In the meantime, Belmont advised Douglas on campaign strategy and gained the candidate's support for a resolution to protect

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claiming that Belmont intended to betray the Senator, given his connections to Buchanan and Slidell. Belmont allayed any fears in a meeting with Douglas allies and ultimately became leader of the Douglas men in the New York delegation, a pivotal position at the convention.

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Though Marcy thereafter dropped the issue and proceeded to ignore Gibson's claims, and both Marcy and President Pierce praised Belmont's handling of the affair, the entire incident did further damage to Belmont's public reputation in the United States. In addition to the

908:, where he arrived in 1853 and appealed to the Pierce administration for protection. He also sought support in pursuing an indemnity claim against the Dutch government for his arrest and destruction of his ship. Secretary Marcy and American public opinion backed Gibson. 912:

appointed by Marcy. Gibson's presence undermined Belmont's negotiating position and riled Dutch public opinion, which demanded he be arrested as a fugitive from justice. Belmont's position was further weakened when he left the city for the mineral baths in

842:(the three leading American diplomats in Europe) deliver a report on the Belmont plan. Though Slidell proposed that Belmont participate "on account of the Rothschild influence at Madrid and Paris," he was not present at their meeting in 2300:"Eleanor Robson and August Belmont Wed. Married by Mgr. Lavelle at Actress's Home With Only Near Relatives Present. Honeymoon in The South. Star Of "The Dawn of a To-Morrow" Left The Stage On Feb. 12. Careers Of Bride And Bridegroom" 980:, the new Secretary of State, offered him only another four years at The Hague; he declined and resigned his post. When he arrived in the United States, he found his party embroiled in a feud between President Buchanan and Senator 826:"secret fund of $ 40,000 to $ 50,000" to bribe Spanish officials to support Cuban independence, and he opened backchannel negotiations with the Spanish Minister to The Netherlands, a personal friend who favored the sale. However, 2205:

Perry Belmont, former representative and diplomat, who was a grandson of Commodore Matthew Calbraith Perry, died this morning in the Newport Hospital, where he had been a patient since August. He was in his ninety-seventh year.

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and others to organize the Democratic Vigilant Association, a predominantly mercantile group (especially those engaged in trade with the South) to combat "atrocious disunion doctrines," including the abolition of slavery.

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In the later half of the 1840s, Belmont's autonomy from the Rothschilds grew, and their relationship declined somewhat. In 1847, the United States government granted Belmont & Co. the right to transfer $ 3 million to

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While at The Hague, Belmont strengthened his ties to James Buchanan, maintaining an active and flattering correspondence with his fellow diplomat. As President Pierce's domestic popularity waned over his handling of the

1030:. As before, Belmont's presence in the Douglas coalition drew criticism, with placards claiming "the Rothschilds have sent countless millions" to buy the presidency. Even some Douglas supporters opposed Belmont, with 5146: 5141: 697:. Belmont lent financial and political support to Pierce's campaign, bringing sustained attack from the city's Whig newspapers, which accused Belmont of using "Jew gold" from abroad to buy votes and maintaining " 389:, designed to integrate the city's Jewish and Christian communities. When he was fifteen, he was forced to withdraw from the Philanthropin after his father failed to pay tuition. His relatives prevailed upon the 2219:"MRS. BELMONT DIES; LONG ILL IN PARIS; Former Social Leader Noted for Beauty--First Married to Henry T. Sloane. 20 YEARS IN WASHINGTON Husband, Perry, Former Minister to Spain--Still Owner of Newport Residence" 480:

From 1837 to 1842, Belmont experienced instantaneous success, serving as disbursing agent, dividend collector, and newsgatherer for the Rothschilds and their customers. The new financial house also invested in

636:. By 1850, Slidell encouraged Belmont to enter politics. Belmont had voted for Democratic candidates since his naturalization in 1844, although most of his business acquaintances were nominal or active Whigs. 1055:

Belmont is attributed with single-handedly transforming the position of party chairman from a previously honorary office to one of great political and electoral importance, creating the modern American

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Although the election of 1872 prompted Belmont to resign his chairmanship of the Democratic National Committee, he nevertheless continued to dabble in politics as a champion of U.S. Senator

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During Belmont's time abroad as a diplomat in the Netherlands, the business was operated by Charles Christmas and Erhard A. Matthiessen under the name Christmas, Matthiessen & Company.

1606:"August Belmont is Dead. A Notable Career Closed Early Yesterday Morning. The Veteran Banker's Short And Fatal Illness. His Life As a Leader In Finance, Politics, Society, and On The Turf" 960:(which had turned on the Pierce administration politically, as the result of a patronage dispute) joined in anti-semitic and xenophobic attacks on Belmont for the remainder of his tenure. 2261:

August Belmont, financier and sportsman, died at 6:30 o'clock last evening in his apartment at 550 Park Avenue, less than thirty-six hours after he had been taken ill in his office. ...

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in 1864, Belmont was buying up Southern bonds on behalf of the Rothschilds as their agent in New York because he backed the Southern cause. Seeking to capitalize on divisions in the

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Mrs. Oliver H. P. Belmont, leader of New York's '400' for a period of many years before and after the turn of the century, died today at her residence here. She was 80 years old. ...

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on a visit to America in 1849, he privately told his sister he feared he was training his replacement; Alphonse ultimately returned to Europe to lead the family's Parisian holdings.

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in 1853. The two were married in an Episcopal ceremony, and he henceforth no longer acknowledged his Jewish upbringing, though he did not convert, being ambivalent toward religion.

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Shock Suffered Last Spring. Complicated by Bronchial and Heart Ailments. Society Leader was 80. Former Wife of W. K. Vanderbilt. Long Held Sway in New York and in Newport Colony

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5 million pesos, the Rothschilds hinted they might publicly dissociate the transaction and discredit Belmont, but ultimately did not. When Belmont was tasked with mentoring

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on a technicality, the Dutch Minister of Justice overturned the colonial court's decision and sentenced him to twelve years imprisonment. Gibson fled the East Indies for

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ordered all Jews in France and its German territories to take surnames. He chose Belmont, French for 'beautiful mountain'; in German, the name translated as Schönberg.

537:, hoping to generate goodwill with the government. However, when the government sought a $ 5 million loan soon after, Belmont won only half the amount he had bid in 650:. To avoid the appearance of Southern interference, Slidell chose Belmont to manage the New York campaign. At the time, New York Democrats were deeply divided into 5136: 5131: 1414:

was published at New York in 1890. Belmont left an estate valued at more than ten million dollars (equivalent to $ 310 million in 2023). He is buried in an ornate

314:(born Aaron Schönberg; December 8, 1813 – November 24, 1890) was a German-American financier, diplomat, and politician. He served as Chair of the 374:. At a young age, his parents began calling him August, the name he used throughout his life. His mother, Frederika Elsass Belmont, died when August was seven. 2918: 1187:, the candidate he viewed least vulnerable to charges of disloyalty to the Party during the Republican/Unionists Lincoln-Johnson Administrations, (1861–69). 850:

on October 9, 1854. Their report to Secretary Marcy, which favored an invasion of Cuba in the even that Spain refused to sell the island, became known as the

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for the nomination, Greeley's nomination implied Democratic endorsement of a candidate who as publisher of the famous nationally dominant newspaper, the

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that Belmont had appointed him special attaché. Gibson in turn represented himself around Paris as Mason's first secretary, leaking stories to

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cartoon "This is a White Man's Government!" showing left to right a stereotyped Irishman (perhaps representing the Democratic Party), an ex-

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which attacked Pierce's foreign policy by suggesting that Belmont utilized his diplomatic post as a banking house and was underwriting the

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notes, securities, commodities, and property at severely depressed rates, sometimes as low as ten cents to the dollar. Using early modern

5043: 5018: 4906: 2793: 666:. Throughout 1851 and the spring of 1852, Belmont and Slidell worked to rally the factions to Buchanan, including by the purchase of the 1233:. In 1870, the Democratic Party faced a crisis when the Committee of Seventy emerged to cleanse the government of corruption. A riot at 1144:, Belmont presided over what he called "the most disastrous epoch in the annals of the Democratic Party". As early as 1862, Belmont and 5565: 5170: 2475: 5028: 4161: 2819: 208: 5533: 6227: 5038: 5033: 5013: 1278: 1230: 1223: 1184: 740: 655: 573: 2245:"August Belmont, Stricken In Office, Dies In 36 Hours. Financier and Sportsman Undergoes Operation, Rallies, Then Sinks Into Coma" 813:

into giving up the island which included diplomatic pressure, financial leverage, and bribery. His lobbying eventually led to the

6217: 5069: 3794: 2560: 1254:, had often earlier referred to Democrats before, during and after the War as "slaveholders", "slave-whippers", "traitors", and " 1176: 6202: 4916: 1538: 350:. His father, Simon Belmont was the owner of a freehold estate and leading citizen of Alzey, serving as president of the local 2370:

The death of Oliver H.P. Belmont occurred soon after 6:30 o'clock this morning at Brookholt, his Long Island country seat. ...

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J. Garraty and Mark C. Carnes, eds., American National Biography, Vol. II (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999), pg. 534

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As chargé d'affaires, Belmont was tasked with negotiating a trade agreement which would allow American shipping in the

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On November 7, 1849, Belmont married Caroline Slidell Perry (1829–1892), whom he met that summer through her uncle

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who first engaged in political campaigning in 1844, the same year he was naturalized as a citizen, by supporting

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As a young Jewish foreigner in New York, Belmont had few initial avenues for social advancement. The existing "

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in New York in 1985. It was eventually installed, about 1995, in front of the headquarters building for the

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in his defense. The journalistic war of words became known within New York City as the "Belmont affair."

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Together, they were the parents of six children, with three of his sons becoming involved in politics:

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from 1860 to 1872. He was also a thoroughbred racehorse owner and the founder and namesake of the

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In 1837, the Rothschild branches in Paris and London became concerned with their holdings in the

262: 2274:"MRS. AUGUST BELMONT BURIED.; Laid to Rest in Newport (R.I.) Cemetery – Only the Family Present" 5962: 5720: 5243: 4995: 4990: 4851: 4731: 4696: 4362: 3195: 3169: 3156: 3108: 3104: 2991: 2952: 1525: 1505: 1498: 1118: 1048: 1044: 985: 881: 647: 367: 5710: 1586: 5856: 5835: 5523: 5478: 5443: 4856: 4811: 4711: 4427: 3368: 3348: 3328: 3308: 3252: 2694: 2416: 1457:). The Belmont Stakes is part of thoroughbred horse racing's Triple Crown and takes place at 1446: 1430: 1255: 1084: 727: 371: 213: 2479: 6137: 6132: 5615: 5488: 4492: 4233: 3034: 3017: 2170: 1555: 1530: 1129:'s French Imperial Government in Paris. However, the evidence compiled by Mira Wilkins, in 822: 774:

Shortly after Pierce's election, Belmont proposed to Buchanan a plan to purchase and annex

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Though Belmont hoped to receive a promotion within the diplomatic corps, Buchanan and

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Photograph of August Belmont's birth record, Zivilstandsregister Alzey, Germany, 1813

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Fredericka Belmont (1856–1902), who married Samuel Shaw Howland (1849–1925), son of

592:. He resigned the position in 1850 over objections to the regime's policies towards 513:, rapidly shifting money and commodities in complex international spirals of credit 6090: 5765: 5760: 5745: 5630: 5605: 5508: 5503: 5463: 5438: 5413: 5408: 5398: 5378: 5348: 5333: 5328: 5303: 5064: 4921: 4537: 4517: 4507: 4497: 4477: 4293: 4281: 4257: 4245: 4221: 4203: 4072: 4024: 3936: 3392: 3352: 3272: 3143: 3134: 3130: 3117: 3091: 2978: 2961: 2948: 2939: 1418:

in the Belmont family plot (along with other Belmonts, Perrys and Tiffanys) in the

1339: 1262: 1250: 1238: 1009: 989: 934: 905: 885: 851: 814: 791: 769: 711: 674: 663: 490: 447:, an 1882 print of Belmont standing, second from right. The others, left to right: 197: 5815: 6019: 6009: 5932: 5927: 5922: 5795: 5730: 5650: 5620: 5610: 5313: 5288: 5273: 5258: 4594: 4462: 4457: 4392: 4377: 4269: 4150: 4012: 3733: 3593: 3516: 3512: 3508: 3488: 3472: 3448: 3388: 3372: 3182: 3065: 3004: 3000: 2926: 2803: 2754: 2329: 2126:"Mrs. August Belmont Dead.; Death Came Peacefully Yesterday After a Long Illness" 1466: 1419: 1219: 1163: 1122: 1057: 981: 970: 956: 893: 856: 748: 721: 690: 659: 585: 581: 538: 494: 347: 137: 95: 2502:"Mrs. August Belmont Dead. Death Came Peacefully Yesterday After A Long Illness" 920:. While Belmont was on leave, Gibson stole his dossier on the case and left for 831: 6060: 6029: 5988: 5957: 5942: 5896: 5825: 5800: 5685: 5473: 5458: 5343: 5323: 5238: 4619: 4542: 4512: 4447: 4442: 4412: 4407: 4402: 4387: 4305: 4287: 4239: 4215: 4120: 4066: 3573: 3557: 3537: 3432: 3228: 3208: 3186: 3082: 3078: 3013: 2935: 2922: 2689: 1450: 1442: 1386: 1226: 1150: 1087: 939: 929: 801: 744: 716: 643: 613: 506: 468: 448: 414: 319: 6126: 6085: 5983: 5912: 5881: 5876: 5871: 5851: 5830: 5805: 5790: 5725: 5705: 5670: 5635: 5518: 5498: 5418: 5278: 5126: 4571: 4557: 4335: 4197: 4138: 3948: 3773: 3757: 3657: 3597: 3492: 3412: 3268: 3160: 2974: 2786: 1550: 1365: 1307: 1155: 1145: 1031: 925: 892:

in the East Indies. Gibson had been arrested in 1851 for conspiring with the

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Barrows. She was attended in her illness by Drs. Barrows, Polk, and Hanlen.

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Lavelle. assisted by Father Byrnes of St. Patrick's Cathedral, officiating.

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in order to mold it into a major Democratic press organ with the help of

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Belmont attended the April convention in Charleston with his family and

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racetrack, just outside New York City. Belmont was heavily involved in

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at the War's end, Belmont organized new party gatherings and promoted

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easily and appointed Buchanan and Belmont to diplomatic posts in the

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in the United States, and his growing interest in American politics.

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After his mother's death, he lived with his uncle and grandmother in

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for president in 1852, hoping to unite New York in a coalition with

5543: 4090: 3777: 3288: 2811: 2604:

For more on Belmont's public contributions to the war effort, see (

2592: 1481:), which in 1885 was replaced by a stud farm of the same name near 1403:

on November 24, 1890, from pneumonia. His funeral was held at the

1266: 1258:" and accused them of "thievery, debauchery, corruption, and sin". 1099: 5947: 5770: 3653: 3637: 3617: 913: 897: 847: 593: 334:

He was born as Aaron or Aron Schönberg on December 8, 1813, to a

38: 1553:

reputedly modeled the character of Julius Beaufort in her novel

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at the corner of Bellevue and Narragansett Avenues in Newport.

1354:, later famous for his expedition to open the trading ports of 1114: 843: 751:, respectively. Belmont held the title of Charges d'Affairs at 654:

over slavery, with anti-slavery "Barnburners" having bolted in

526: 398: 1131:

The History of Foreign Investment in the United States to 1914

5750: 2047:

Mrs. Astor's New York: Money and Social power in a Gilded Age

1996:, Vol. II (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1929), pg. 170. 1445:

thoroughbred horse race is named in his honor. It debuted at

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in the New York delegation. Efforts to unite behind Marcy or

394: 339: 169: 1211:), and a capitalist (Belmont) "triumphing" over a prostrate 2719:

The Belmont-Belmonte Family: A Record of Four Hundred Years

1377:

Jane Pauline "Jennie" Belmont (1856–1875), who died aged 19

806: 775: 486: 422: 335: 2591:

He was known by the patronym Simon Isaac until 1808, when

1746: 1744: 1508:, is named in his honor, an honor he never acknowledged. 1008:

on the issue of slavery. In October 1859, he joined with

805:

Belmont was an aggressive advocate for the annexation of

778:

through military and diplomatic pressure on the unstable

2647:

The King of Fifth Avenue: The Fortunes of August Belmont

1952: 1950: 1948: 1946: 1912: 1910: 1908: 1906: 1904: 1902: 1889: 1887: 1885: 1883: 1881: 1879: 1866: 1864: 1862: 1860: 1847: 1845: 1820: 1818: 1816: 1814: 1812: 1810: 1389:(1858–1908), U.S. Representative from New York (1901–03) 734: 709:

families. Belmont demanded a retraction of at least one

559: 289:

Financier, politician, diplomat, racehorse owner/breeder

16:

United States banker, financier and diplomat (1813–1890)

2146: 2103: 2091: 2079: 1797: 1795: 1768: 1741: 1717: 1638: 1636: 1634: 1533:. The statue was loaned by the city of Newport to the 854:. The Manifesto was swiftly doomed by its leak to the 639:

With Slidell, Belmont backed the nomination of former

517:

had not seen before. He was also considered a skilled

501:, Belmont was able to use Rothschild credit to buy up 2696:

The House of Rothschild: The World's Banker 1849–1999

1943: 1931: 1899: 1876: 1857: 1842: 1830: 1807: 1707: 1705: 1680: 1678: 1676: 1674: 6233:

Burials at Common Burying Ground and Island Cemetery

821:

En route to The Hague, Belmont visited Buchanan and

529:

as part of an indemnity paid for land seized in the

6143:

Ambassadors of the United States to the Netherlands

2067: 1792: 1729: 1631: 884:over the arrest of American citizen and adventurer 612:Belmont entered politics as a leading supporter of 2693: 1974: 1962: 1780: 1756: 1702: 1690: 1671: 1422:in Newport, Rhode Island. His widow died in 1892. 794:, and Belmont reluctantly accepted appointment to 1659: 1412:Letters, Speeches and Addresses of August Belmont 1306:In 1840, he unsuccessfully courted the ballerina 1244:While the party chairman had originally promoted 1109:'s first predominantly German-American regiment. 6124: 2671:Our Crowd: The Great Jewish Families of New York 2636:A Few Letters and Speeches of the Late Civil War 2120: 2118: 1469:from 1866 to 1887 and owned the Nursery Stud (a 1094:-occupied seceded state), conspicuously helping 1021: 2625:Letters, Speeches and Address of August Belmont 1529:as Eisenhower Park in 1960, to honor President 834:, the United States Minister to Spain, and the 475: 2711:. New York & London: Columbia Univ. Press. 2035:Garraty and Carnes, pg. 534; Katz, pp. 167–68. 1269:for the presidency, as a fierce critic of the 896:to overthrow Dutch authority on the island of 533:. He handled the transaction without taking a 115:October 11, 1853 – September 22, 1857 5559: 5178: 2827: 2674:. Syracuse University Press. pp. 57–62. 2211: 2115: 1045:the rights of slaveholders in the territories 1017:Chairman of the Democratic National Committee 830:soured quickly, driven by the bellicosity of 603: 5201:United States Ambassadors to the Netherlands 2537:. The Preservation Society of Newport County 2346: 2237: 354:for many years. His paternal ancestors were 5044:National Democratic Redistricting Committee 5019:Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee 2768:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography 2322: 2167:Appleton's Cyclopedia of American Biography 2164: 963: 760:in 1855 and an extradition treaty in 1857. 5566: 5552: 5185: 5171: 2834: 2820: 2732:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 2664: 2266: 2181: 2059:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 1319:Portrait of Caroline Slidell Perry Belmont 1190: 924:, where he further told American minister 37: 6213:People from Hempstead (village), New York 6158:American horse racing industry executives 5029:Democratic Legislative Campaign Committee 2165:Wilson, James Grant; Fiske, John (1887). 2044: 1570:, August Belmont appears as a character. 1090:, later installed as war governor of the 1026:Belmont was elected as a delegate to the 103:United States Minister to the Netherlands 5039:National Conference of Democratic Mayors 5034:Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee 5014:Democratic Attorneys General Association 2748:Mr. Lincoln and New York: August Belmont 2715: 2688: 2383:"Mrs. O.H.P. Belmont Dies at Paris Home" 1492: 1441:He was an avid sportsman, and the famed 1342:. She was the daughter of naval officer 1313: 1194: 800: 607: 439: 5070:National Federation of Democratic Women 2632: 2621: 2605: 2412:"Mrs. Belmont Dies at 80 in Paris Home" 1177:United States Secretary of the Treasury 670:newspaper, but they failed to overcome 326:of American Thoroughbred horse racing. 6183:Hessian emigrants to the United States 6163:American racehorse owners and breeders 6125: 1600: 1598: 1596: 1539:Preservation Society of Newport County 5547: 5166: 5147:2018 House Caucus leadership election 5142:2006 House Caucus leadership election 2815: 2708:August Belmont: A Political Biography 2643: 2563:from the original on February 8, 2007 2375: 2152: 2109: 2097: 1801: 1774: 1750: 1735: 1723: 1665: 1642: 1544: 1063: 735:Minister to the Netherlands (1853–57) 588:in diplomatic matters throughout the 572:for president in the hotly contested 564:Belmont was a lifelong member of the 560:Diplomatic and early political career 417:, which had been destabilized by the 6238:19th-century American businesspeople 6223:Converts to Anglicanism from Judaism 6188:Jewish American government officials 6173:Democratic National Committee chairs 5573: 2841: 2704: 2334:. Pilgrim John Howland Society. 1939 2085: 2073: 2005: 1980: 1968: 1956: 1937: 1916: 1893: 1870: 1851: 1836: 1824: 1786: 1762: 1711: 1696: 1684: 1465:. He served as the president of the 999:In 1858, Belmont lobbied to succeed 715:story, but after he was rebuffed by 1593: 1395:(1863–1887), a champion polo player 1028:1860 Democratic National Convention 788:Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies 763: 687:1852 Democratic National Convention 584:in New York City, representing the 342:, which was shortly annexed to the 13: 2615: 2420:. January 26, 1933. Archived from 1564:The Impeachment of Abraham Lincoln 1181:Chief Justice of the United States 880:; his efforts were diverted by an 634:Union Club of the City of New York 408: 19:For his son of the same name, see 14: 6249: 2741: 5532: 5204: 5194: 5092:High School Democrats of America 5024:Democratic Governors Association 4981:Congressional Progressive Caucus 3750:2020 (Milwaukee/other locations) 2794:U.S. Minister to the Netherlands 2716:Gottheil, Richard J. H. (1917). 1994:Dictionary of American Biography 1288: 1006:a pluralist, democratic approach 871: 641:United States Secretary of State 509:techniques, he was a pioneer on 421:. They sent Belmont to sail for 297: 6228:19th-century American diplomats 4959:Steering and Outreach Committee 2598: 2549: 2527: 2494: 2468: 2439: 2404: 2292: 2158: 2038: 2029: 2020: 2011: 1986: 1922: 1279:presidency in the 1876 election 1068:He energetically supported the 984:, who denounced the proslavery 809:, proposing a plan to pressure 693:was nominated as an unexpected 616:for president in 1852 and 1856. 576:. The same year, he became the 545:. When he further lent the new 235: 6218:Politicians from New York City 2585: 1648: 1579: 1241:. Belmont stood by his party. 1237:led to the campaign to topple 1: 6203:Businesspeople from Frankfurt 2476:"Biography of August Belmont" 1573: 1453:(the maternal grandfather of 1449:, owned by Belmont's friend, 1138:Democratic National Committee 1022:1860 conventions and election 828:Spain–United States relations 719:, he enlisted the Democratic 429:. Reaching New York amid the 329: 316:Democratic National Committee 73:June 23, 1860 – 1872 61:Democratic National Committee 44: 5060:College Democrats of America 2026:Garraty and Carnes, pg. 534. 1436: 1323:George Peter Alexander Healy 551:Alphonse James de Rothschild 476:August Belmont & Company 7: 5686:Gossler (Berenberg-Gossler) 3023:1860 (Charleston/Baltimore) 2557:"The Edith Wharton Society" 1387:Oliver Hazard Perry Belmont 1040:Salomon James de Rothschild 596:, which had become a major 10: 6254: 6193:New York (state) Democrats 5137:2017 chairmanship election 5132:2005 chairmanship election 5087:Young Democrats of America 1626:Madison Square Garden. ... 1535:Metropolitan Museum of Art 1433:, was demolished in 1946. 1327: 1231:1872 presidential campaign 1183:in 1864) for president in 1136:Remaining chairman of the 1060:'s national organization. 836:Spanish Revolution of 1854 767: 624:, a leading member of the 604:1852 presidential campaign 18: 6208:People from Rhenish Hesse 6104: 6038: 6002: 5971: 5905: 5844: 5581: 5530: 5214: 5152:Weekly Democratic Address 5104: 5080:Stonewall Young Democrats 5052: 5006: 4941: 4930: 4628: 4345: 4160: 3911: 3793: 2891: 2851: 2800: 2791: 2783: 2778: 1488: 1463:Thoroughbred horse racing 1281:, and as an advocate of " 1125:, and members of Emperor 620:Around 1849, Belmont met 485:, commercial and private 467:, George Wm. Ballou, and 338:family in the village of 305: 293: 285: 268: 245: 219: 204: 183: 152: 147: 143: 131: 119: 108: 101: 89: 77: 66: 58: 54: 36: 29: 6178:19th-century German Jews 4907:Northern Mariana Islands 2633:Belmont, August (1870). 2622:Belmont, August (1890). 2578: 2049:. New York. p. 174. 2045:Homberger, Eric (2002). 1521:was named in his honor. 1401:Manhattan, New York City 964:Buchanan years (1857–60) 483:foreign exchange markets 465:William Henry Vanderbilt 445:The Kings of Wall Street 387:Mayer Amschel Rothschild 381:, where he attended the 194:Manhattan, New York City 5117:Presidential candidates 2762:"Belmont, August" 1405:Church of the Ascension 1393:Raymond Rodgers Belmont 1382:Gardiner Greene Howland 1344:Matthew Calbraith Perry 1191:1868 and 1872 elections 1158:, its editor-in-chief. 322:, the third leg of the 4996:Problem Solvers Caucus 4991:New Democrat Coalition 3845:(1885–1889; 1893–1897) 1526:John Quincy Adams Ward 1506:Belmont, New Hampshire 1502: 1499:John Quincy Adams Ward 1325: 1285:" financial policies. 1216: 1215:soldier on the ground. 1179:since 1861, and later 1119:British prime minister 986:Lecompton Constitution 882:international incident 818: 617: 472: 385:, a school founded by 225:Caroline Slidell Perry 2753:May 14, 2011, at the 2705:Katz, Irving (1968). 2644:Black, David (1981). 2417:Chicago Daily Tribune 2331:The Howland Quarterly 1497:Statue of Belmont by 1496: 1447:Jerome Park Racetrack 1431:Newport, Rhode Island 1338:while vacationing at 1328:Further information: 1317: 1246:Charles Francis Adams 1198: 1080:" (similar to former 804: 768:Further information: 668:New York Morning Star 611: 574:presidential election 443: 214:Newport, Rhode Island 4897:District of Columbia 3570:1984 (San Francisco) 3465:1964 (Atlantic City) 3245:1920 (San Francisco) 1992:Allen Johnson, ed., 1556:The Age of Innocence 1531:Dwight D. Eisenhower 1467:National Jockey Club 1148:bought stock in the 1105:raise and equip the 823:Lionel de Rothschild 547:California Territory 543:Corcoran & Riggs 531:Mexican-American War 344:Grand Duchy of Hesse 6153:American financiers 5075:Stonewall Democrats 3730:2016 (Philadelphia) 3385:1948 (Philadelphia) 3325:1936 (Philadelphia) 2871:Fourth Party System 2861:Second Party System 2666:Birmingham, Stephen 2511:. November 21, 1892 2482:on October 10, 2006 2306:. February 27, 1910 2251:. December 11, 1924 2175:1887acab.book.....W 2134:. November 21, 1892 2017:Quoted in Katz, 91. 1615:. November 25, 1890 1483:Lexington, Kentucky 1471:horse-breeding farm 1275:Rutherford B. Hayes 1096:U.S. Representative 890:fomenting rebellion 860:and the victory of 590:Mid-Atlantic States 84:David Allen Smalley 4976:Blue Dog Coalition 3650:2000 (Los Angeles) 3505:1972 (Miami Beach) 3445:1960 (Los Angeles) 3225:1916 (Saint Louis) 3179:1904 (Saint Louis) 3166:1900 (Kansas City) 3127:1888 (Saint Louis) 3088:1876 (Saint Louis) 2881:Sixth Party System 2876:Fifth Party System 2866:Third Party System 2509:The New York Times 2456:. February 1, 1887 2454:The New York Times 2389:. January 26, 1933 2387:The New York Times 2358:The New York Times 2304:The New York Times 2280:. October 20, 1898 2278:The New York Times 2249:The New York Times 2225:. October 21, 1935 2223:The New York Times 2193:The New York Times 2131:The New York Times 1613:The New York Times 1545:In popular culture 1524:In 1910, sculptor 1503: 1407:in New York City. 1372:August Belmont Jr. 1326: 1224:Liberal Republican 1217: 1064:American Civil War 862:Pierce's opponents 819: 683:Stephen A. Douglas 618: 473: 312:August Belmont Sr. 21:August Belmont Jr. 6198:People from Alzey 6120: 6119: 5541: 5540: 5160: 5159: 5100: 5099: 4986:Justice Democrats 4610:Wasserman Schultz 3101:1880 (Cincinnati) 3010:1856 (Cincinnati) 2810: 2809: 2801:Succeeded by 2779:Diplomatic posts 2155:, pp. 66–68. 2112:, pp. 40–45. 2088:, p. 210–76. 1959:, pp. 62–74. 1940:, pp. 62–70. 1919:, pp. 50–61. 1896:, pp. 22–39. 1873:, pp. 40–45. 1854:, pp. 22–31. 1839:, pp. 45–49. 1827:, pp. 10–21. 1777:, pp. 49–50. 1753:, pp. 51–57. 1726:, pp. 20–25. 1568:Stephen L. Carter 1475:Babylon, New York 1455:Winston Churchill 1209:Nathan B. Forrest 1161:According to the 1072:cause during the 1001:Augustus C. Dodge 954:, the Democratic 878:Dutch East Indies 758:Dutch East Indies 391:Rothschild family 360:Iberian peninsula 309: 308: 187:November 24, 1890 6245: 6148:American bankers 5575:Banking families 5568: 5561: 5554: 5545: 5544: 5536: 5209: 5208: 5199: 5198: 5197: 5187: 5180: 5173: 5164: 5163: 5065:Democrats Abroad 4954:Policy Committee 4939: 4938: 4922:Democrats Abroad 3710:2012 (Charlotte) 3205:1912 (Baltimore) 3075:1872 (Baltimore) 2997:1852 (Baltimore) 2984:1848 (Baltimore) 2971:1844 (Baltimore) 2958:1840 (Baltimore) 2945:1835 (Baltimore) 2932:1832 (Baltimore) 2845: 2844:Democratic Party 2836: 2829: 2822: 2813: 2812: 2784:Preceded by 2776: 2775: 2772: 2764: 2737: 2731: 2723: 2712: 2701: 2699: 2685: 2661: 2640: 2629: 2609: 2602: 2596: 2589: 2573: 2572: 2570: 2568: 2553: 2547: 2546: 2544: 2542: 2531: 2525: 2524: 2518: 2516: 2506: 2498: 2492: 2491: 2489: 2487: 2478:. Archived from 2472: 2466: 2465: 2463: 2461: 2451: 2443: 2437: 2436: 2431: 2429: 2424:on June 28, 2011 2408: 2402: 2401: 2396: 2394: 2379: 2373: 2372: 2367: 2365: 2350: 2344: 2343: 2341: 2339: 2326: 2320: 2319: 2313: 2311: 2296: 2290: 2289: 2287: 2285: 2270: 2264: 2263: 2258: 2256: 2241: 2235: 2234: 2232: 2230: 2215: 2209: 2208: 2202: 2200: 2185: 2179: 2178: 2162: 2156: 2150: 2144: 2143: 2141: 2139: 2122: 2113: 2107: 2101: 2095: 2089: 2083: 2077: 2071: 2065: 2064: 2058: 2050: 2042: 2036: 2033: 2027: 2024: 2018: 2015: 2009: 2003: 1997: 1990: 1984: 1978: 1972: 1966: 1960: 1954: 1941: 1935: 1929: 1926: 1920: 1914: 1897: 1891: 1874: 1868: 1855: 1849: 1840: 1834: 1828: 1822: 1805: 1799: 1790: 1784: 1778: 1772: 1766: 1760: 1754: 1748: 1739: 1733: 1727: 1721: 1715: 1709: 1700: 1694: 1688: 1682: 1669: 1663: 1657: 1652: 1646: 1640: 1629: 1628: 1622: 1620: 1610: 1602: 1591: 1590: 1587:"August Belmont" 1583: 1399:Belmont died in 1340:Saratoga Springs 1263:Thomas F. Bayard 1251:New York Tribune 1239:William M. Tweed 1169:Republican Party 1156:Manton M. Marble 1103:Francis P. Blair 1049:George F. Milton 1010:Samuel J. Tilden 990:Kansas Territory 971:crisis in Kansas 935:New York Tribune 894:Sultan of Djambi 886:Walter M. Gibson 852:Ostend Manifesto 815:Ostend Manifesto 792:Robert Dale Owen 780:Kingdom of Spain 770:Ostend Manifesto 764:Ostend Manifesto 675:William L. Marcy 664:Martin Van Buren 652:various factions 626:Democratic Party 566:Democratic Party 491:commercial paper 301: 278:Frederika Elsass 239: 237: 190: 167:December 8, 1813 166: 164: 157:Aaron Schönberg 148:Personal details 134: 122: 113: 92: 80: 71: 49: 48: 1860–1872 46: 41: 27: 26: 6253: 6252: 6248: 6247: 6246: 6244: 6243: 6242: 6123: 6122: 6121: 6116: 6100: 6034: 5998: 5967: 5901: 5840: 5583: 5577: 5572: 5542: 5537: 5528: 5210: 5203: 5195: 5193: 5191: 5161: 5156: 5096: 5048: 5002: 4933: 4926: 4633: 4631: 4624: 4347: 4341: 4234:C. A. Culberson 4180:J. W. Stevenson 4171: 4168: 4166: 4163: 4156: 4043:D. B. Culberson 3928: 3925: 3923: 3918: 3914: 3907: 3799:administrations 3797: 3789: 3610:1992 (New York) 3550:1980 (New York) 3530:1976 (New York) 3265:1924 (New York) 3062:1868 (New York) 2910: 2907: 2905: 2901: 2898: 2894: 2887: 2847: 2843: 2840: 2806: 2804:Henry C. Murphy 2797: 2789: 2759: 2755:Wayback Machine 2744: 2725: 2724: 2690:Ferguson, Niall 2682: 2658: 2618: 2616:Further reading 2613: 2612: 2603: 2599: 2590: 2586: 2581: 2576: 2566: 2564: 2555: 2554: 2550: 2540: 2538: 2533: 2532: 2528: 2514: 2512: 2504: 2500: 2499: 2495: 2485: 2483: 2474: 2473: 2469: 2459: 2457: 2449: 2445: 2444: 2440: 2427: 2425: 2410: 2409: 2405: 2392: 2390: 2381: 2380: 2376: 2363: 2361: 2360:. June 11, 1908 2352: 2351: 2347: 2337: 2335: 2328: 2327: 2323: 2309: 2307: 2298: 2297: 2293: 2283: 2281: 2272: 2271: 2267: 2254: 2252: 2243: 2242: 2238: 2228: 2226: 2217: 2216: 2212: 2198: 2196: 2187: 2186: 2182: 2163: 2159: 2151: 2147: 2137: 2135: 2124: 2123: 2116: 2108: 2104: 2096: 2092: 2084: 2080: 2072: 2068: 2052: 2051: 2043: 2039: 2034: 2030: 2025: 2021: 2016: 2012: 2004: 2000: 1991: 1987: 1979: 1975: 1967: 1963: 1955: 1944: 1936: 1932: 1927: 1923: 1915: 1900: 1892: 1877: 1869: 1858: 1850: 1843: 1835: 1831: 1823: 1808: 1800: 1793: 1785: 1781: 1773: 1769: 1761: 1757: 1749: 1742: 1734: 1730: 1722: 1718: 1714:, pp. 6–8. 1710: 1703: 1699:, pp. 6–7. 1695: 1691: 1687:, pp. 3–5. 1683: 1672: 1664: 1660: 1653: 1649: 1641: 1632: 1618: 1616: 1608: 1604: 1603: 1594: 1585: 1584: 1580: 1576: 1547: 1491: 1439: 1420:Island Cemetery 1332: 1291: 1220:Horatio Seymour 1199:September 1868 1193: 1164:Chicago Tribune 1123:Lord Palmerston 1066: 1058:political party 1024: 1019: 982:Stephen Douglas 966: 957:New York Herald 900:. After he was 874: 857:New York Herald 772: 766: 749:the Netherlands 739:Pierce won the 737: 699:dual allegiance 691:Franklin Pierce 660:Free Soil Party 658:to support the 606: 586:Habsburg family 582:Austrian Empire 562: 478: 463:, D. O. Mills, 455:, Rufus Hatch, 411: 409:Business career 348:Napoleonic Wars 332: 281: 241: 238: 1849) 233: 229: 226: 212: 209:Island Cemetery 192: 188: 168: 162: 160: 159: 158: 138:Henry C. Murphy 132: 120: 114: 109: 96:Augustus Schell 90: 78: 72: 67: 50: 47: 32: 23: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6251: 6241: 6240: 6235: 6230: 6225: 6220: 6215: 6210: 6205: 6200: 6195: 6190: 6185: 6180: 6175: 6170: 6168:Belmont family 6165: 6160: 6155: 6150: 6145: 6140: 6135: 6118: 6117: 6115: 6114: 6108: 6106: 6102: 6101: 6099: 6098: 6093: 6088: 6083: 6078: 6073: 6068: 6063: 6058: 6053: 6048: 6042: 6040: 6036: 6035: 6033: 6032: 6027: 6022: 6017: 6012: 6006: 6004: 6000: 5999: 5997: 5996: 5991: 5986: 5981: 5975: 5973: 5969: 5968: 5966: 5965: 5960: 5955: 5950: 5945: 5940: 5935: 5930: 5925: 5920: 5915: 5909: 5907: 5903: 5902: 5900: 5899: 5894: 5889: 5884: 5879: 5874: 5869: 5864: 5859: 5854: 5848: 5846: 5842: 5841: 5839: 5838: 5833: 5828: 5823: 5818: 5813: 5808: 5803: 5798: 5793: 5788: 5783: 5778: 5773: 5768: 5763: 5758: 5753: 5748: 5743: 5738: 5733: 5728: 5723: 5718: 5713: 5708: 5703: 5698: 5693: 5688: 5683: 5678: 5673: 5668: 5663: 5658: 5653: 5648: 5643: 5638: 5633: 5628: 5623: 5618: 5613: 5608: 5603: 5598: 5593: 5587: 5585: 5579: 5578: 5571: 5570: 5563: 5556: 5548: 5539: 5538: 5531: 5529: 5527: 5526: 5521: 5516: 5511: 5506: 5501: 5496: 5491: 5486: 5481: 5476: 5471: 5466: 5461: 5456: 5451: 5446: 5441: 5436: 5431: 5426: 5421: 5416: 5411: 5406: 5401: 5396: 5391: 5386: 5381: 5376: 5371: 5366: 5361: 5356: 5351: 5346: 5341: 5336: 5331: 5326: 5321: 5316: 5311: 5306: 5301: 5296: 5291: 5286: 5281: 5276: 5271: 5266: 5261: 5256: 5251: 5246: 5241: 5236: 5231: 5226: 5221: 5215: 5212: 5211: 5190: 5189: 5182: 5175: 5167: 5158: 5157: 5155: 5154: 5149: 5144: 5139: 5134: 5129: 5124: 5119: 5114: 5108: 5106: 5102: 5101: 5098: 5097: 5095: 5094: 5089: 5084: 5083: 5082: 5072: 5067: 5062: 5056: 5054: 5050: 5049: 5047: 5046: 5041: 5036: 5031: 5026: 5021: 5016: 5010: 5008: 5004: 5003: 5001: 5000: 4999: 4998: 4993: 4988: 4983: 4978: 4968: 4963: 4962: 4961: 4956: 4945: 4943: 4936: 4928: 4927: 4925: 4924: 4919: 4917:Virgin Islands 4914: 4909: 4904: 4899: 4894: 4892:American Samoa 4889: 4884: 4879: 4874: 4869: 4864: 4859: 4854: 4849: 4844: 4839: 4837:South Carolina 4834: 4829: 4824: 4819: 4814: 4809: 4804: 4802:North Carolina 4799: 4794: 4789: 4784: 4779: 4774: 4769: 4764: 4759: 4754: 4749: 4744: 4739: 4734: 4729: 4724: 4719: 4714: 4709: 4704: 4699: 4694: 4689: 4684: 4679: 4674: 4669: 4664: 4659: 4654: 4649: 4644: 4638: 4636: 4626: 4625: 4623: 4622: 4617: 4612: 4607: 4602: 4597: 4592: 4583: 4574: 4565: 4560: 4555: 4550: 4545: 4540: 4535: 4530: 4525: 4520: 4515: 4510: 4505: 4500: 4495: 4490: 4485: 4480: 4475: 4470: 4465: 4460: 4455: 4450: 4445: 4440: 4435: 4430: 4425: 4420: 4415: 4410: 4405: 4400: 4395: 4390: 4385: 4380: 4375: 4370: 4365: 4360: 4354: 4352: 4343: 4342: 4340: 4339: 4333: 4327: 4321: 4315: 4309: 4303: 4297: 4291: 4285: 4279: 4273: 4267: 4261: 4255: 4249: 4243: 4237: 4231: 4225: 4219: 4213: 4207: 4201: 4195: 4189: 4183: 4176: 4174: 4158: 4157: 4155: 4154: 4148: 4142: 4136: 4130: 4124: 4118: 4112: 4106: 4100: 4094: 4088: 4082: 4076: 4070: 4064: 4058: 4052: 4046: 4040: 4034: 4028: 4022: 4016: 4010: 4004: 3994: 3988: 3982: 3976: 3970: 3964: 3958: 3952: 3946: 3940: 3933: 3931: 3909: 3908: 3906: 3905: 3899: 3893: 3887: 3881: 3875: 3869: 3863: 3852: 3846: 3840: 3834: 3828: 3822: 3816: 3810: 3803: 3801: 3791: 3790: 3788: 3787: 3786: 3785: 3770:2024 (Chicago) 3767: 3766: 3765: 3747: 3746: 3745: 3727: 3726: 3725: 3707: 3706: 3705: 3687: 3686: 3685: 3667: 3666: 3665: 3647: 3646: 3645: 3630:1996 (Chicago) 3627: 3626: 3625: 3607: 3606: 3605: 3590:1988 (Atlanta) 3587: 3586: 3585: 3567: 3566: 3565: 3547: 3546: 3545: 3527: 3526: 3525: 3502: 3501: 3500: 3485:1968 (Chicago) 3482: 3481: 3480: 3462: 3461: 3460: 3442: 3441: 3440: 3425:1956 (Chicago) 3422: 3421: 3420: 3405:1952 (Chicago) 3402: 3401: 3400: 3382: 3381: 3380: 3365:1944 (Chicago) 3362: 3361: 3360: 3345:1940 (Chicago) 3342: 3341: 3340: 3322: 3321: 3320: 3305:1932 (Chicago) 3302: 3301: 3300: 3285:1928 (Houston) 3282: 3281: 3280: 3262: 3261: 3260: 3242: 3241: 3240: 3222: 3221: 3220: 3202: 3189: 3176: 3163: 3153:1896 (Chicago) 3150: 3140:1892 (Chicago) 3137: 3124: 3114:1884 (Chicago) 3111: 3098: 3085: 3072: 3059: 3049:1864 (Chicago) 3046: 3020: 3007: 2994: 2981: 2968: 2955: 2942: 2929: 2915: 2913: 2889: 2888: 2886: 2885: 2884: 2883: 2878: 2873: 2868: 2863: 2852: 2849: 2848: 2839: 2838: 2831: 2824: 2816: 2808: 2807: 2802: 2799: 2790: 2785: 2781: 2780: 2774: 2773: 2757: 2743: 2742:External links 2740: 2739: 2738: 2713: 2702: 2686: 2680: 2662: 2656: 2650:. Dial Press. 2641: 2630: 2628:. Priv. Print. 2617: 2614: 2611: 2610: 2597: 2583: 2582: 2580: 2577: 2575: 2574: 2548: 2526: 2493: 2467: 2438: 2403: 2374: 2345: 2321: 2291: 2265: 2236: 2210: 2195:. May 26, 1947 2180: 2157: 2145: 2114: 2102: 2090: 2078: 2076:, p. 200. 2066: 2037: 2028: 2019: 2010: 1998: 1985: 1973: 1961: 1942: 1930: 1921: 1898: 1875: 1856: 1841: 1829: 1806: 1791: 1779: 1767: 1755: 1740: 1728: 1716: 1701: 1689: 1670: 1658: 1647: 1645:, p. 6–8. 1630: 1592: 1577: 1575: 1572: 1546: 1543: 1518:August Belmont 1490: 1487: 1451:Leonard Jerome 1443:Belmont Stakes 1438: 1435: 1397: 1396: 1390: 1384: 1378: 1375: 1369: 1346:, captain and 1290: 1287: 1229:'s disastrous 1227:Horace Greeley 1192: 1189: 1151:New York World 1113:personally in 1088:Andrew Johnson 1065: 1062: 1023: 1020: 1018: 1015: 965: 962: 940:Russian Empire 930:Horace Greeley 873: 870: 866:1854 elections 765: 762: 756:access to the 745:United Kingdom 736: 733: 717:Horace Greeley 644:James Buchanan 632:, through the 614:James Buchanan 605: 602: 578:consul general 561: 558: 507:securitization 493:, and handled 477: 474: 469:James R. Keene 449:Cyrus W. Field 415:Spanish Empire 410: 407: 331: 328: 320:Belmont Stakes 307: 306: 303: 302: 295: 291: 290: 287: 283: 282: 280: 279: 276: 272: 270: 266: 265: 247: 243: 242: 231: 227: 224: 223: 221: 217: 216: 206: 202: 201: 191:(aged 76) 185: 181: 180: 156: 154: 150: 149: 145: 144: 141: 140: 135: 129: 128: 123: 117: 116: 106: 105: 99: 98: 93: 87: 86: 81: 75: 74: 64: 63: 56: 55: 52: 51: 42: 34: 33: 31:August Belmont 30: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6250: 6239: 6236: 6234: 6231: 6229: 6226: 6224: 6221: 6219: 6216: 6214: 6211: 6209: 6206: 6204: 6201: 6199: 6196: 6194: 6191: 6189: 6186: 6184: 6181: 6179: 6176: 6174: 6171: 6169: 6166: 6164: 6161: 6159: 6156: 6154: 6151: 6149: 6146: 6144: 6141: 6139: 6136: 6134: 6131: 6130: 6128: 6113: 6110: 6109: 6107: 6105:South America 6103: 6097: 6094: 6092: 6089: 6087: 6084: 6082: 6079: 6077: 6074: 6072: 6069: 6067: 6064: 6062: 6059: 6057: 6054: 6052: 6049: 6047: 6044: 6043: 6041: 6037: 6031: 6028: 6026: 6023: 6021: 6018: 6016: 6013: 6011: 6008: 6007: 6005: 6001: 5995: 5992: 5990: 5987: 5985: 5982: 5980: 5977: 5976: 5974: 5970: 5964: 5961: 5959: 5956: 5954: 5951: 5949: 5946: 5944: 5941: 5939: 5936: 5934: 5931: 5929: 5926: 5924: 5921: 5919: 5916: 5914: 5911: 5910: 5908: 5906:British Isles 5904: 5898: 5895: 5893: 5890: 5888: 5885: 5883: 5880: 5878: 5875: 5873: 5870: 5868: 5865: 5863: 5862:Goldman–Sachs 5860: 5858: 5855: 5853: 5850: 5849: 5847: 5845:United States 5843: 5837: 5834: 5832: 5829: 5827: 5824: 5822: 5819: 5817: 5814: 5812: 5809: 5807: 5804: 5802: 5799: 5797: 5794: 5792: 5789: 5787: 5784: 5782: 5779: 5777: 5774: 5772: 5769: 5767: 5764: 5762: 5759: 5757: 5754: 5752: 5749: 5747: 5744: 5742: 5739: 5737: 5734: 5732: 5729: 5727: 5724: 5722: 5721:Liechtenstein 5719: 5717: 5714: 5712: 5709: 5707: 5704: 5702: 5699: 5697: 5694: 5692: 5689: 5687: 5684: 5682: 5679: 5677: 5674: 5672: 5669: 5667: 5664: 5662: 5659: 5657: 5654: 5652: 5649: 5647: 5644: 5642: 5639: 5637: 5634: 5632: 5629: 5627: 5624: 5622: 5619: 5617: 5616:Bischoffsheim 5614: 5612: 5609: 5607: 5604: 5602: 5599: 5597: 5594: 5592: 5589: 5588: 5586: 5580: 5576: 5569: 5564: 5562: 5557: 5555: 5550: 5549: 5546: 5535: 5525: 5522: 5520: 5517: 5515: 5512: 5510: 5507: 5505: 5502: 5500: 5497: 5495: 5492: 5490: 5487: 5485: 5482: 5480: 5477: 5475: 5472: 5470: 5467: 5465: 5462: 5460: 5457: 5455: 5452: 5450: 5447: 5445: 5442: 5440: 5437: 5435: 5432: 5430: 5427: 5425: 5422: 5420: 5417: 5415: 5412: 5410: 5407: 5405: 5402: 5400: 5397: 5395: 5392: 5390: 5387: 5385: 5382: 5380: 5377: 5375: 5372: 5370: 5367: 5365: 5362: 5360: 5357: 5355: 5352: 5350: 5347: 5345: 5342: 5340: 5337: 5335: 5332: 5330: 5327: 5325: 5322: 5320: 5317: 5315: 5312: 5310: 5307: 5305: 5302: 5300: 5297: 5295: 5292: 5290: 5287: 5285: 5282: 5280: 5277: 5275: 5272: 5270: 5267: 5265: 5262: 5260: 5257: 5255: 5252: 5250: 5247: 5245: 5242: 5240: 5237: 5235: 5232: 5230: 5227: 5225: 5222: 5220: 5217: 5216: 5213: 5207: 5202: 5188: 5183: 5181: 5176: 5174: 5169: 5168: 5165: 5153: 5150: 5148: 5145: 5143: 5140: 5138: 5135: 5133: 5130: 5128: 5127:Superdelegate 5125: 5123: 5120: 5118: 5115: 5113: 5110: 5109: 5107: 5103: 5093: 5090: 5088: 5085: 5081: 5078: 5077: 5076: 5073: 5071: 5068: 5066: 5063: 5061: 5058: 5057: 5055: 5051: 5045: 5042: 5040: 5037: 5035: 5032: 5030: 5027: 5025: 5022: 5020: 5017: 5015: 5012: 5011: 5009: 5005: 4997: 4994: 4992: 4989: 4987: 4984: 4982: 4979: 4977: 4974: 4973: 4972: 4969: 4967: 4964: 4960: 4957: 4955: 4952: 4951: 4950: 4949:Senate Caucus 4947: 4946: 4944: 4940: 4937: 4935: 4929: 4923: 4920: 4918: 4915: 4913: 4910: 4908: 4905: 4903: 4900: 4898: 4895: 4893: 4890: 4888: 4885: 4883: 4880: 4878: 4877:West Virginia 4875: 4873: 4870: 4868: 4865: 4863: 4860: 4858: 4855: 4853: 4850: 4848: 4845: 4843: 4840: 4838: 4835: 4833: 4830: 4828: 4825: 4823: 4820: 4818: 4815: 4813: 4810: 4808: 4805: 4803: 4800: 4798: 4795: 4793: 4790: 4788: 4785: 4783: 4782:New Hampshire 4780: 4778: 4775: 4773: 4770: 4768: 4765: 4763: 4760: 4758: 4755: 4753: 4750: 4748: 4745: 4743: 4742:Massachusetts 4740: 4738: 4735: 4733: 4730: 4728: 4725: 4723: 4720: 4718: 4715: 4713: 4710: 4708: 4705: 4703: 4700: 4698: 4695: 4693: 4690: 4688: 4685: 4683: 4680: 4678: 4675: 4673: 4670: 4668: 4665: 4663: 4660: 4658: 4655: 4653: 4650: 4648: 4645: 4643: 4640: 4639: 4637: 4635: 4627: 4621: 4618: 4616: 4613: 4611: 4608: 4606: 4603: 4601: 4598: 4596: 4593: 4591: 4587: 4584: 4582: 4578: 4575: 4573: 4569: 4566: 4564: 4561: 4559: 4556: 4554: 4551: 4549: 4546: 4544: 4541: 4539: 4536: 4534: 4531: 4529: 4526: 4524: 4521: 4519: 4516: 4514: 4511: 4509: 4506: 4504: 4501: 4499: 4496: 4494: 4491: 4489: 4486: 4484: 4481: 4479: 4476: 4474: 4471: 4469: 4466: 4464: 4461: 4459: 4456: 4454: 4451: 4449: 4446: 4444: 4441: 4439: 4436: 4434: 4431: 4429: 4426: 4424: 4421: 4419: 4416: 4414: 4411: 4409: 4406: 4404: 4401: 4399: 4396: 4394: 4391: 4389: 4386: 4384: 4381: 4379: 4376: 4374: 4371: 4369: 4366: 4364: 4361: 4359: 4356: 4355: 4353: 4351: 4344: 4337: 4334: 4331: 4328: 4325: 4322: 4319: 4316: 4313: 4310: 4307: 4304: 4301: 4298: 4295: 4292: 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B. 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Mason 923: 919: 915: 909: 907: 903: 899: 895: 891: 887: 883: 879: 872:Gibson affair 869: 867: 863: 859: 858: 853: 849: 845: 841: 840:John Y. Mason 837: 833: 829: 824: 816: 812: 808: 803: 799: 797: 793: 789: 785: 781: 777: 771: 761: 759: 754: 750: 746: 742: 741:1852 election 732: 730: 729: 724: 723: 718: 714: 713: 708: 704: 700: 696: 692: 689:also failed; 688: 684: 680: 676: 673: 669: 665: 662:candidacy of 661: 657: 653: 649: 645: 642: 637: 635: 631: 627: 623: 615: 610: 601: 599: 598:cause célèbre 595: 591: 587: 583: 579: 575: 571: 570:James K. Polk 567: 557: 554: 552: 548: 544: 540: 536: 532: 528: 522: 520: 516: 515:New York City 512: 508: 504: 500: 499:Panic of 1837 496: 492: 488: 484: 470: 466: 462: 461:Sidney Dillon 458: 454: 450: 446: 442: 438: 436: 435:United States 432: 431:Panic of 1837 428: 427:New York City 424: 420: 416: 406: 404: 400: 396: 392: 388: 384: 383:Philanthropin 380: 375: 373: 369: 365: 361: 358:who fled the 357: 353: 349: 345: 341: 337: 327: 325: 321: 317: 313: 304: 300: 296: 292: 288: 284: 277: 275:Simon Belmont 274: 273: 271: 267: 264: 260: 256: 252: 249:6, including 248: 244: 222: 218: 215: 210: 207: 205:Resting place 203: 199: 195: 186: 182: 179: 178:French Empire 175: 174:Mont-Tonnerre 171: 155: 151: 146: 142: 139: 136: 130: 127: 126:George Folsom 124: 118: 112: 107: 104: 100: 97: 94: 88: 85: 82: 76: 70: 65: 62: 59:Chair of the 57: 53: 40: 35: 28: 25: 22: 5836:Van Lanschot 5711:Königswarter 5582:Continental 5509:Hartog-Levin 5283: 4966:House Caucus 4842:South Dakota 4832:Rhode Island 4827:Pennsylvania 4807:North Dakota 4372: 3937:A. Stevenson 3795:Presidential 3429:Stevenson II 3409:Stevenson II 3035:Breckinridge 3018:Breckinridge 2965: 2909:presidential 2900:presidential 2792: 2766: 2718: 2707: 2695: 2669: 2646: 2639:. New York, 2635: 2624: 2606:Belmont 1870 2600: 2587: 2565:. Retrieved 2551: 2539:. Retrieved 2535:"By-the-Sea" 2529: 2520: 2513:. Retrieved 2508: 2496: 2484:. Retrieved 2480:the original 2470: 2458:. Retrieved 2453: 2441: 2433: 2426:. Retrieved 2422:the original 2415: 2406: 2398: 2391:. Retrieved 2386: 2377: 2369: 2362:. Retrieved 2357: 2348: 2336:. Retrieved 2330: 2324: 2315: 2308:. Retrieved 2303: 2294: 2282:. Retrieved 2277: 2268: 2260: 2253:. Retrieved 2248: 2239: 2227:. Retrieved 2222: 2213: 2204: 2197:. Retrieved 2192: 2183: 2166: 2160: 2148: 2136:. Retrieved 2129: 2105: 2093: 2081: 2069: 2046: 2040: 2031: 2022: 2013: 2001: 1993: 1988: 1976: 1964: 1933: 1924: 1832: 1782: 1770: 1758: 1731: 1719: 1692: 1668:, p. 6. 1661: 1650: 1624: 1617:. 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Adams 5007:Fundraising 4912:Puerto Rico 4757:Mississippi 4672:Connecticut 4632:territorial 4332:(2005–2017) 4326:(1995–2005) 4320:(1989–1995) 4314:(1977–1989) 4308:(1961–1977) 4302:(1953–1961) 4296:(1951–1953) 4290:(1949–1951) 4284:(1937–1949) 4278:(1923–1937) 4272:(1920–1923) 4266:(1919–1920) 4260:(1917–1919) 4254:(1913–1917) 4248:(1911–1913) 4242:(1909–1911) 4236:(1907–1909) 4230:(1906–1907) 4224:(1903–1906) 4218:(1899–1903) 4216:J. K. Jones 4212:(1898–1899) 4206:(1890–1898) 4200:(1885–1890) 4194:(1881–1885) 4188:(1877–1881) 4182:(1873–1877) 4162:U.S. Senate 4147:(2003–2023) 4141:(1995–2003) 4135:(1989–1995) 4129:(1987–1989) 4123:(1977–1987) 4117:(1971–1977) 4111:(1962–1971) 4105:(1940–1961) 4099:(1936–1940) 4093:(1935–1936) 4087:(1933–1934) 4081:(1929–1933) 4075:(1923–1929) 4069:(1921–1923) 4063:(1909–1921) 4057:(1903–1909) 4051:(1897–1903) 4045:(1895–1897) 4039:(1891–1895) 4033:(1889–1891) 4027:(1883–1889) 4021:(1876–1881) 4015:(1875–1876) 4009:(1873–1875) 4003:(1869–1871) 3993:(1859–1861) 3987:(1857–1859) 3981:(1855–1857) 3979:G. W. Jones 3975:(1851–1855) 3969:(1849–1851) 3963:(1845–1847) 3957:(1843–1845) 3955:J. W. Jones 3951:(1835–1839) 3945:(1834–1835) 3939:(1827–1834) 3898:(2009–2017) 3892:(1993–2001) 3886:(1977–1981) 3880:(1963–1969) 3874:(1961–1963) 3868:(1945–1953) 3854:Roosevelt ( 3851:(1913–1921) 3839:(1868–1869) 3833:(1857–1861) 3827:(1853–1857) 3821:(1845–1849) 3815:(1837–1841) 3809:(1829–1837) 3174:Stevenson I 3148:Stevenson I 2919:1828 (None) 2895:conventions 2722:. 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Johnson 2798:1853–1857 2681:0815604114 2153:Black 1981 2110:Black 1981 2098:Black 1981 1802:Black 1981 1775:Black 1981 1751:Black 1981 1736:Black 1981 1724:Black 1981 1666:Black 1981 1643:Black 1981 1574:References 1501:in Newport 1427:By-the-Sea 1425:His home, 1283:hard money 1140:after the 1107:Union Army 1092:Union Army 978:Lewis Cass 918:rheumatism 906:Washington 707:Rothschild 695:dark horse 679:Lewis Cass 535:commission 401:, and the 346:after the 330:Early life 286:Occupation 255:August Jr. 163:1813-12-08 6091:S. Rm. M. 6046:Asaf Jahi 5979:Li family 5972:East Asia 5761:Pierleoni 5746:Oppenheim 5606:Berenberg 5591:Abravanel 5489:Schneider 5454:McCloskey 5329:Roosevelt 5112:Primaries 5053:Sectional 4882:Wisconsin 4847:Tennessee 4752:Minnesota 4727:Louisiana 4630:State and 4595:McAuliffe 4423:McCormick 4346:Chairs of 4306:Mansfield 4294:McFarland 4270:Underwood 4264:Hitchcock 4228:Blackburn 4192:Pendleton 4109:McCormack 3860:1941–1945 3856:1933–1941 3843:Cleveland 3813:Van Buren 3783:primaries 3763:primaries 3743:primaries 3723:primaries 3703:primaries 3683:primaries 3663:primaries 3658:Lieberman 3643:primaries 3623:primaries 3603:primaries 3583:primaries 3563:primaries 3543:primaries 3523:primaries 3498:primaries 3478:primaries 3458:primaries 3438:primaries 3418:primaries 3398:primaries 3378:primaries 3369:Roosevelt 3358:primaries 3349:Roosevelt 3338:primaries 3329:Roosevelt 3318:primaries 3309:Roosevelt 3298:primaries 3278:primaries 3258:primaries 3253:Roosevelt 3238:primaries 3218:primaries 3144:Cleveland 3131:Cleveland 3122:Hendricks 3118:Cleveland 3096:Hendricks 3057:Pendleton 3053:McClellan 2962:Van Buren 2949:Van Buren 2940:Van Buren 2911:primaries 2728:cite book 2515:April 29, 2460:April 29, 2199:April 30, 2086:Katz 1968 2074:Katz 1968 2055:cite book 2006:Katz 1968 1981:Katz 1968 1969:Katz 1968 1957:Katz 1968 1938:Katz 1968 1917:Katz 1968 1894:Katz 1968 1871:Katz 1968 1852:Katz 1968 1837:Katz 1968 1825:Katz 1968 1787:Katz 1968 1763:Katz 1968 1712:Katz 1968 1697:Katz 1968 1685:Katz 1968 1619:April 29, 1437:Sportsman 1352:U.S. Navy 1348:commodore 1303:Ashkenazi 1299:Sephardic 1273:granting 1207:soldier ( 1117:with the 1082:Tennessee 1074:Civil War 916:, citing 902:acquitted 796:The Hague 753:The Hague 701:" to the 648:the South 630:Louisiana 457:Jay Gould 379:Frankfurt 368:Ferdinand 364:the reign 352:synagogue 294:Signature 111:In office 69:In office 6010:Kadoorie 5989:Sumitomo 5933:Guinness 5928:Grindlay 5923:Goldsmid 5918:Clifford 5892:Seligman 5786:Schröder 5656:Erlanger 5651:Ephrussi 5611:Bethmann 5519:Hoekstra 5484:Dornbush 5424:Matthews 5409:Hornbeck 5374:Phillips 5364:Van Dyke 5264:Bleecker 5219:J. Adams 4971:Factions 4942:Congress 4867:Virginia 4817:Oklahoma 4797:New York 4772:Nebraska 4762:Missouri 4747:Michigan 4737:Maryland 4722:Kentucky 4702:Illinois 4677:Delaware 4667:Colorado 4657:Arkansas 4620:Harrison 4581:Grossman 4523:Westwood 4488:Mitchell 4483:McKinney 4468:Hannegan 4428:Cummings 4318:Mitchell 4276:Robinson 4151:Jeffries 4139:Gephardt 4097:Bankhead 4055:Williams 4025:Carlisle 3920:Speakers 3831:Buchanan 3513:Eagleton 3509:McGovern 3489:Humphrey 3473:Humphrey 3433:Kefauver 3413:Sparkman 3293:Robinson 3273:C. Bryan 3269:J. Davis 3233:Marshall 3213:Marshall 3196:W. Bryan 3187:H. Davis 3170:W. Bryan 3157:W. Bryan 3014:Buchanan 2893:National 2751:Archived 2692:(1998). 2668:(1996). 2593:Napoleon 2561:Archived 2338:July 18, 2100:, ch. 4. 1516:SS 1267:Delaware 1100:Missouri 988:for the 703:Habsburg 495:deposits 372:Isabella 246:Children 198:New York 43:Belmont 6066:Hinduja 6025:Sabancı 5958:Sassoon 5948:Mocatta 5897:Warburg 5826:Warburg 5801:Sozzini 5771:Peruzzi 5766:Pereire 5741:Metzler 5631:Camondo 5479:Wilkins 5389:Swenson 5384:Diekema 5369:Garrett 5354:Beaupre 5284:Belmont 5274:Davezac 5259:Davezac 5244:Everett 5122:Debates 5105:Related 4887:Wyoming 4862:Vermont 4767:Montana 4707:Indiana 4687:Georgia 4682:Florida 4652:Arizona 4642:Alabama 4634:parties 4586:Rendell 4558:Wilhelm 4528:Strauss 4518:O'Brien 4508:O'Brien 4498:Jackson 4473:McGrath 4418:McCombs 4408:Taggart 4398:Harrity 4373:Belmont 4368:Smalley 4358:Hallett 4338:(2017–) 4336:Schumer 4324:Daschle 4300:Johnson 4282:Barkley 4186:Wallace 4164:leaders 4153:(2023–) 4121:O'Neill 4103:Rayburn 4073:Garrett 4067:Kitchin 4019:Randall 4007:Niblack 4001:Randall 3997:Niblack 3991:Houston 3915:leaders 3904:(2021–) 3890:Clinton 3872:Kennedy 3807:Jackson 3678:Edwards 3598:Bentsen 3594:Dukakis 3578:Ferraro 3574:Mondale 3558:Mondale 3538:Mondale 3517:Shriver 3449:Kennedy 3393:Barkley 3353:Wallace 3135:Thurman 3109:English 3105:Hancock 3079:Greeley 3066:Seymour 3027:Douglas 2936:Jackson 2927:Calhoun 2923:Jackson 2902:tickets 2856:History 2771:. 1900. 2364:May 27, 2171:Bibcode 1549:Author 1350:in the 1271:process 1085:Senator 952:Tribune 942:in the 914:Bohemia 898:Sumatra 864:in the 848:Belgium 712:Tribune 685:at the 594:Hungary 580:of the 362:during 269:Parents 263:Raymond 240: 232: 228: 6086:M. 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