691:
3206:
2983:
702:
53:
1406:
43:
68:
1724:
381:
905:
1575:
2831:
855:, an administrative region comprising four communes (Courçon, Pays Marandais, Plaine d'Aunis and Surgères), returned a census in 2006 of 61,058 inhabitants in an area of 939 square kilometres (363 sq mi), giving a density of 65/km (170/sq mi). It is still a mostly rural region, but is rapidly becoming more built-up.
554:
862:
all the communes have over 2,000 inhabitants, and the population density is one of the highest of the entire department, at 299/km (770/sq mi) in 2006 compared to 87/km (230/sq mi) for the whole department and 242/km (630/sq mi) for the urban area of La
Rochelle. In 2006 the population
396:
period, characterised by gently rolling hills, where no valley is completely enclosed, and where the land has a regular descent towards the sea. The islands of RĂ© and Aix were made at the same time and from the same type of rock. The chalk table completes the triangular promontory which juts into the
1413:
These attempts at deforestation and colonisation did succeed, albeit belatedly, but came to a halt with the invasions of the 5th century AD. So, the "barbarous" people sealed the fall of the western Roman Empire, with pillage and destruction from which
Santonie did not escape. The province was then
404:
Large freshwater and seawater marshes have formed in places that have been drained, hardly altering the general relief. The seawater marshes correspond to ancient marine gulfs, made from marine or fluvial sediments. Since the Middle Ages they have been continuously drained by people. In the north,
793:
The population density of the region is more than twice that of the departmental average: 192/km (500/sq mi), compared to 87/km (230/sq mi) for
Charente-Maritime as a whole. It is nearly thrice that of the Poitou-Charentes region at 67/km (170/sq mi) and is higher than the national
1526:
quickly rose to prominence and became the new capital of Aunis: "The demise of Châtelaillon dates to 1130, but it was only in 1144 that Alon family control was removed. A party assembled at Mauléon, the nearest island to Aunis, and they built the new town of La
Rochelle there starting in 1151".
1221:
Finally, the valleys of the rivers Curé, Virson, Mignon, and Gères, which were much larger than today, cut deeply through the region's invading forest. But they had the inconvenience of being marshy and prone to floods that turned them into real marshes and bogs, making the region particularly
2019:
groups together the four 4 "communautés de communes" of Courçon, Marans, Plaine d'Aunis and Surgères, whereas the historical province of Aunis, the subject of this article, constitutes all the north-west of the departement of
Charente-Maritime, thus including La Rochelle, the ĂŽle de RĂ©, and
601:
Aunis does not have the strong industrial tradition which is the trademark of regions of the North and of
Lorraine, and it was only at the end of the 19th century that factories started to be developed. After World War II, industry in Aunis continued, was reinforced, diversified and brought
1518:
On the coast, the salt waters had become amenable and created Aunis's wealth, and by the end of the 11th century its prosperity was assured. Châtelaillon rapidly became the largest fortified city in Aunis and an important port for the transport of salt from Aunis, and wine from
Saintonge.
991:. Little by little the province shrank until the frontier was situated a long way from Aulnay. It is the smallest province in France". This interpretation does not pass muster, because there is absolutely no connection between the original names of Aulnay which, in Latin, were written
825:, 919/km (2,380/sq mi) in the combined cantons of La Rochelle. The La Rochelle-Rochefort twin city area alone includes nine towns of the seventeen with more than 5,000 inhabitants, and twenty communes with more than 2,000 inhabitants, of the sixty in Charente-Maritime in 2006.
1283:
The salt sites were quickly abandoned after the Roman conquest, because the new colonists brought with them a better-performing and more-productive technique for producing salt. Nevertheless, the Romans preferred to have their first salt marshes in the south, notably at
1321:. All these sites left numerous archaeological finds: at Ballon, the remains of a Gallo-Roman villa have been found; at Ardillières, tombs with Gallo-Roman objects have been recovered; at Thou, a Gallo-Roman villa and some coins were discovered in the 19th century.
1365:
In the 4th century AD the Romans decided to clear the Forest of
Argenson along the southern shores of the Gulf of Pictones, which had been occupied by Celts since ancient times. The present Forest of Benon is in this area, where the Romans also established
2370:"L'Aunis and western Saintonge were sparse zones, with sparser populations. The terrain was covered with vast forests: the Forest of Argenson, on the borders of Poitou; the Forests of Essouvert, of the Boixe and of Braconne which extended them..."", in
1972:
In 2006, Surgères was one of the 17 towns in
Charente-Maritime having over 5,000 inhabitants, of which the ten largest are (in order of municipal population) La Rochelle (1), Saintes (2), Rochefort (3), Royan (4), Aytré (5), Saint-Jean-d'Angély (6),
1515:. The powerful monasteries, backed up by the lords, helped with the clearings of Aunis in the 11th century. But it is mostly during the 12th and 13th centuries that these earthworks were completed; much later that they became the "plain" of Aunis.
1269:
Before the Roman conquest around the middle of the 1st century AD, the Celts had a stronghold over the northern shores of the Gulf of
Santones. They had even colonised some of the islands in the gulf, which today are part of the Marais (English:
1491:
At the end of the 11th century, the Counts of Poitou started to pay attention to the forsaken backwaters of the region, and made them a priority. Above all, they encouraged powerful abbeys to be founded after clearing the Forest of Argenson.
1846:
The port of La Rochelle is no longer practically used for industrial-scale fishing, but was ranked the 4th largest French fishing port in the early 1970s. Nowadays it is the second fishing port of the Charente-Maritime department, behind
2311:
Delayant, the celebrated historian of the department, does not hesitate to set down his thoughts in his History, where he writes: "The least improbable comes from the main town in that settlement of that time, the Castrum Allionis".
740:
are also well-known pleasure ports, while the river ports of Marans on the Sèvre niortaise, and Rochefort, on the Charente, had disused port basins that have become home to pleasure boats, and can each take more than 200 craft.
1292:. Salt production, which before had been driven by profit, could be done faster around the Gironde, which became an important arterial river for the transport of goods to and from the southern provinces of the Roman Empire.
755:
Aunis has also developed its cultural and urban tourism with its two great historical towns of La Rochelle and Rochefort. The small towns of the interior are not without interest and have enhanced their heritage sites, like
1434:
Aunis was once again neglected throughout the Middle Ages, "ignoring" the barbarians who had, after all, appropriated the great Roman roads during their invasions. From the time the Franks settled in the 6th century to the
569:
from the marshes of Aunis brought the region its riches in the Middle Ages, but this has now completely disappeared from the coast of mainland Aunis. However, it still takes place on the ĂŽle de RĂ© and notably on the nearby
1280:("salt sites"). These small-scale production sites were particularly numerous in the north of the Gulf of Santones, equally along the coastline, in the deep estuaries, and all around the islands (notably the ĂŽle d'Albe).
1806:
The territorial boundaries of Aunis have changed a lot over time. Those described here omit enlargement eastwards; for practical reasons, the borders are "usually" confined to administrative limits of the cantons of
1587:
In 1374, Charles V separated La Rochelle from Saintonge to set up a provincial government, comprising the jurisdictions of Rochefort, Marennes and, for a time, Benon. It was thus that Aunis legally became a separate
288:
In 1374, Charles V separated La Rochelle from Saintonge to set up a provincial government, comprising the jurisdictions of Rochefort, Marennes and, for a time, Benon. It was thus that Aunis legally became a separate
800:
The region became considerably more urban after World War II, though the population is unevenly distributed. Above all, the Aunis coastal towns have expanded to provide the larger part of employment and leisure.
900:, with 4,654 inhabitants, is the largest commune in the department by area, at 82.49 km (31.85 sq mi). It is nearly as large as the whole of the ĂŽle de RĂ© at 85.32 km (32.94 sq mi).
1661:, Aunis was a very small province both in area and population. Despite the resistance of its inhabitants and the energetic interventions of its leaders, in 1790 it was coalesced with the much larger region of
1510:
abbey to be founded in Aunis, and an active participant in the forest clearing movement. The clearings opened the way into the ancient forest to set up villages and farming (wheat, oats, barley) and to plant
873:
with 77,196 inhabitants is by far the most populous town in the Charente-Maritime department. Including its suburbs its population is nearly 120,000, and in the Poitou-Charentes region it is second only to
425:
The geography of the plain was always very unfavourable for communications. The region was almost an enclave, and for a long time on the margins of the French kingdom politically as well as geographically.
664:), automotive industry, ferrous and non-ferrous metals, chemical and plastics industries, pleasure boating, among them. The industrial area of Rochefort-Tonnay-Charente is the second hub of the department.
925:
808:
with many suburbs, connected by regular railway trains. This heavily built-up area is now home to over 200,000 inhabitants (201,509 inhabitants in 2006). This urban area is second in the region after the
1246:
in the 1st century BC. Saintonge offered better living and working conditions than the northern area (Aunis) thanks to the large valleys of the river Charente and its two principal tributaries, the
821:. Near the coast the towns have formed a dense urban web and the population density is particularly high: 288/km (750/sq mi) in the three cantons of Rochefort, 686/km (1,780/sq mi) in the
409:
dries up, at the centre there are the valleys of the small river Curé and its main tributary the Virson and in the east the valley of the Mignon. In the south is the marshland of "Little Flanders" (
975:
But the etymology of the name has been given many different interpretations and folk etymologies that are still used today. Even so, some people think "The most probable origin is that the town of
417:), drained since the 17th century. Together these constitute an important reservoir of fresh water, essential for the agricultural and snail-farming activities of the north of the department.
835:
Beyond the La Rochelle-Rochefort twin city area, the population density is lower, and is indeed lower than the departmental average, which was 87/km (230/sq mi) in 2006. The cantons of
330:
Aunis is mostly a rolling chalk plain, whose navigable rivers have always been important modes of communication, and from which came economic development and the urbanisation of the region.
797:
The ratio of urban to rural population is comparable to the national average, which is 3:4. This is considerably different from Charente-Maritime as a whole, where the ratio is nearer 3:5.
1113:
In ancient times the region was a long way from civilisation. It was not until the Middle Ages that the province entered history, when La Rochelle sealed its fate and became its capital.
1625:. With the official establishment of the province in 1374, during the reign of Charles V of France, Aunis recovered Rochefort and Marennes, but its eastern boundaries were still vague.
1225:
All these natural phenomena combined, so that it has been said "this region , often flooded and marshy, has its riches, is easy to defend, but cannot become the fulcrum for an attack".
547:
1178:. This geographic isolation made communications and trade very poor. One can see from a road map of Gallo-Roman times, Aunis is entirely absent. The old Roman road which ran from
1274:) de Rochefort. The Santones had worked laboriously to perfect a technique of saltwater extraction, and their ancient production sites were put right on the shoreline. These are
1466:
In the 9th and 10th centuries the Counts of Poitou hastened to fortify the Aunis coast. They built the four-tower fortress at Châtelaillon as their stronghold to deal with the
2949:
852:
1055:
in 406 AD. Delayant in his time described the idea that the Alani would have settled in Aunis: "Their attacks were at first aimed at looting rather than conquest. The
617:
2194:
All population data are from the 2006 INSEE census and are concerned only with municipal population. The populations are those of the boundaries set in 1999 by INSEE.
787:
In 2010, the northwest of the department had ten of the seventeen towns of over 5,000 inhabitants, and 31 of the department's 60 communes of over 2,000 inhabitants.
550:
are the main centres for oyster farming. La Rochelle keeps its place as a fishing port thanks to its modern port of Chef-de-Baie, but even so fishing is in decline.
712:
Thanks to the sea, Aunis developed its tourist potential which, in the late 19th century, came to the fore with the trend for sea bathing. Bathing beaches such as
1128:
The old "Forest of Argenson" covered the entire region. For many centuries this huge forest made a near-impenetrable natural frontier stretching from the rivers
1609:, at the mouth of the Charente. However, in the east the borders were often ill-defined and subject to change. It is likely that Aunis extended to the ports of
1295:
During the first three centuries of the Gallo-Roman period, the Romans were especially keen to colonise the area between the coastline of Aunis and the ancient
2971:
640:). It is by far the largest hub of the department. It is also a large commercial port, the eighth largest in all France. In 2007 it was granted the status of
1834:
1330:
entered a new age of prosperity, and its northern part was just as prosperous, after it was integrated into Aquitaine. The Romans also had interests in the "
1047:
the etymology must be interpreted as being cognate with that of an ancient barbaric people. According to some historians, Aunis was populated by a tribe of
1786:
1555:
851:
had a density of less than 50/km (130/sq mi) (46/km (120/sq mi) in 2006), even though its population surged between 1999 and 2006 by 28.4%. The
1891:
518:) and livestock farming. Dairy cows have long been the mainstay, but more and more cows and bulls are raised for beef (principally in the marshy areas).
333:
The region is coastal, with varied seafronts and offshore islands, from which maritime activities diversified. Nowadays tourism is of great importance.
725:
2016:
929:
578:
571:
429:
Huge efforts were made to break this geographical isolation. Without doubt the most spectacular was the coming of the railway in 1857, running from
637:
358:
956:
The name of the province appears for the first time in history in 785 AD. Following the partition of Aquitaine into nine counties, as decreed by
1078:
the name of Aunis is related to the eventful history of the town of Châtelaillon in mediaeval times. The first capital of Aunis was in practice
2493:
268:
1848:
1713:, Saintonge, Angoumois and Gascony, together with PĂ©rigord, MĂ©doc and Elanes. They will take towns, castles and fortresses without resistance.
1125:
times, the northern part of Santonie, which became called "Aunis", was a long-neglected region far from civilisation, with no communications.
748:
lives totally by tourism and can accommodate up to 250,000 tourists during the summer season. This "invasion" is even more pronounced on the
2117:
Records relating to this time in Aunis are very rare, and so is archaeology, which goes to show the complete isolation of Aunis at this time
1937:
For this purpose is meant the administrative area of La Rochelle and the "rural" areas of the ĂŽle de RĂ©, of Pays d'Aunis and of Rochefortais
1334:" and had started to clear the Forest of Argenson on its eastern border. During the 1st century AD they had built the Roman road connecting
370:
2979:
1299:("Forest of Argenson"), taking lands latterly in Santone hands. The new colonists, somewhat turning their backs to the sea, set up their
2964:
2837:
1474:
incursions into the interior, reached by river and stream, caused great insecurity. So in the 9th century the Duke of Poitou built the
804:
La Rochelle and Rochefort are the most populous urban areas not just in Aunis but in all Charente-Maritime. The two towns are becoming
264:
625:
1459:. Towards the end of the 10th century, after Carolingian power collapsed, Aunis separated from Saintonge and had its first capital,
888:
it is the second largest urban area in the department with 37,095 inhabitants, making it equal fifth in the Poitou-Charentes region.
1351:
661:
581:, which has been protected because it is unique to the region. With an area of 3,300 hectares (8,200 acres), it is the Aunisiens' "
3205:
1684:, Sanctonge, Angomoys et Gascoigne, ensemble Perigot, Medoc et Elanes. Sans resistence prendront villes, chasteaux et forteresses.
1641:, gave Aunis much greater power: it was the last stand of the resistance movement, which survived until La Rochelle fell in 1628.
1266:
valley. Transport was largely on the waterways, even after the Romans had built their more advanced – and more expensive – roads.
3449:
81:
3459:
2940:
2557:
was for a time the name of the commune now called Saint-Georges-du-Bois, north of the town of Surgères. This parish was called
2341:
475:
Roads have also been considerably modernised, notably the roads from La Rochelle to Rochefort, from La Rochelle to Niort, the
3464:
2957:
1210:("Marshland Way"): this is Route départmentale D.120, which runs from Saint-Jean-d'Angély until the department's border with
2240:, which is found in many different forms in Latin, has been the object of studies between which it is difficult to choose".
3371:
498:
The modernisation of communication infrastructure had its heyday in the second half of the 19th century, at the end of the
3444:
1746:
720:
gained notability, while the larger beaches such as those of the ĂŽle de RĂ© became national treasures from the 1960s. The
1946:
Saintes returned 26,531 inhabitants at the 2006 census and remained second in Charente-Maritime (municipal population)
1593:
The province was much larger in mediaeval times, and underwent numerous changes to its borders. It extended from the
863:
density of the ĂŽle de RĂ© was the highest of the entire French coast, being a record high of 207/km (540/sq mi).
836:
366:
724:, which is effectively an inland sea, was popular for pleasure boating in the 1970s. La Rochelle, with its immense
656:
developed port activities on the river Charente. The two towns have diverse industrial activities with aerospace (
574:, and has lately achieved a certain notability for its small-volume craft production and minimal postprocessing.
859:
2273:; said "pays des aulnes". Logically since the sea advanced further into the interior than it does today, this
1198:) was routed entirely to the east of Aunis. The name of this Roman road remains in some modern place names as
690:
2069:
have been found along the ancient shoreline of Aunis, mainly in the area that is now the Marais de Rochefort
1982:
1531:
784:
In 2006 the region had 286,872 inhabitants, nearly half the total population of Charente-Maritime (47.9%).
649:
469:
434:
828:
The concentration of the population is even greater in the immediate neighbours of La Rochelle, where the
728:, can hold 5,000 pleasure boats, and has become the largest pleasure boating port on the French Atlantic.
2105:
A term used by the Romans to refer to anyone outside the Empire's borders; here it means the invaders of
1658:
1285:
52:
3105:
3085:
1347:
1488:
of Benon, with "a tower that stood in the middle of a square, encircled by two paths and three moats".
1185:
918:
regenerated into a vibrant small seaside resort in the 1990s. The town now has about 4,000 inhabitants.
881:
2561:
and its name is recorded in a charter of 1179, and the name was also used for the ancient forest. See
1863:
That is, the urban area of La Rochelle and the "rural" areas of the ĂŽle de RĂ©, Aunis and Rochefortais
1812:
1423:
1314:
1262:
allowed direct contact with the more advanced civilisation of the Roman Empire to the south, via the
976:
847:
had respectively 70/km (180/sq mi), 62/km (160/sq mi) and 62/km (160/sq mi). Only the
679:
1622:
983:), which was more important in the Middle Ages than it is today. Aulnay marked the frontier between
1753:
1695:
1399:
1350:. Here remains of a Gallo-Roman villa have been restored, together with many fragmentary finds. At
3376:
299:
3015:
1921:
1765:
1153:), where the trees had established themselves on riverbanks and in the marshy valleys, but where
773:
675:
752:
which accommodates up to 180,000 tourists each year, even though it does not have a car bridge.
1634:
1059:
had merely passed through. We must think of their stragglers. Some of them, turned back by the
1998:
It had 4,121 inhabitants in the 1962 census, its largest ever and a record still not surpassed
605:
Three industrial hubs emerged in Aunis to bring together the industries of Charente-Maritime:
3361:
3230:
2842:
1652:
1379:
721:
1895:
1808:
1579:
1389:
1346:(Angers) but it passed Aunis by, so clearings were opened into this vast forest, notably at
1083:
790:
The region covers 1,497.16 km (578.06 sq mi), 21.8% of the whole department.
737:
713:
695:
465:
241:
3396:
3381:
3120:
3060:
2325:
See the Roman road maps, entitled "Les Santons dans l'Aquitaine du Haut-Empire romain", in
2132:
because it was at the downstream end of the river Charente; the neighbouring Department of
1911:
La Rochelle cantons 1 – 9 and the canton of Aytré – 2006 census (municipal population)
1852:
1551:
1539:
1215:
499:
200:
3411:
1691:
848:
670:
has become a hub for the food industry, augmented by metallurgical and plastic industries.
294:
Aunis was the smallest province in France, in terms of area. Nowadays it is a part of the
67:
8:
3185:
3135:
3115:
3030:
2987:
2467:(in French), vol. La Charente-Maritime, Tours: Editions du Terroir, 1985, p. 61
1928:
are found, the density is nearly 100/km (260/sq mi) (98/km (250/sq mi) in 2006)
1738:
1638:
1563:
1547:
1543:
1436:
829:
283:
229:
1071:, and their name furnished one of numerous etymologies that have been given to the word
701:
3366:
3225:
3005:
2487:
1662:
1175:
1018:
Etymologists have proposed three possible interpretations which deserve consideration:
621:
362:
304:
260:
252:
2444:
1064:
822:
533:
342:
42:
3454:
3055:
2991:
2982:
2941:
The Forest of Argenson between Santones and Pictones, the story of a disappearing act
1881:
The cantons of Rochefort Centre, North and South – 2006 census (municipal population)
1666:
1559:
295:
233:
2393:
2372:
2349:
858:
Urbanisation has been just as fast on the ĂŽle de RĂ©, especially in the east. In the
3418:
3195:
3130:
1960:
1598:
1161:
also made up a dark and mysterious forest, awe-inspiring and full of superstition.
1133:
1068:
844:
629:
492:
480:
346:
2931:
1956:
818:
3075:
1978:
1959:
was the sixth largest urban area in the region. With the neighbouring commune of
1830:
1742:
1594:
1255:
1093:
1037:
1023:
885:
765:
653:
410:
406:
398:
256:
224:
1606:
1460:
1405:
749:
354:
3439:
3386:
3100:
3080:
2029:
1602:
1475:
1455:, appears for the first time in 785. It was under the control of the Counts of
965:
745:
526:
488:
476:
350:
272:
1306:
1211:
3433:
3140:
3040:
1446:
It was under Carolingian rule that Saintonge truly entered recorded history.
769:
633:
385:
96:
83:
17:
2054:
These comprise the marsh of "la Petite Flandre", drained in the 17th century
1168:, to the south) made it a slender peninsula. Its seclusion lent its name as
768:(management of Charente quays). Aunis has made huge efforts to put in place
2236:, took a prudent view of the interpretation of its name: "The etymology of
1585:
In 1374 the King officially separated Saintonge in 1374 and set up Aunis: "
1359:
1305:– large farms of some dozens of acres, predating the towns themselves – at
1243:
980:
553:
438:
3250:
3155:
2911:]. Collection le patrimoine des communes (in French). Flohic Ă©ditions.
2342:"La forĂŞt d'Argenson entre Santons et Pictons, histoire d'une disparition"
1920:
In the community of communes of the Aunis Plain, where the small towns of
729:
271:
in the south. Aunis had an influence approximately 20–25 km into the
3290:
3045:
1728:
1523:
957:
894:
with 5,982 inhabitants, is the twelfth largest town in Charente-Maritime.
805:
609:
577:
In the north-east of Aunis there is a huge forest of hardwood trees, the
484:
461:
442:
430:
237:
3305:
3300:
3285:
3280:
3255:
3070:
1479:
1003:(in 970), so that Aunis, with its older name as seen above, was written
840:
757:
705:
667:
3340:
3180:
2508:
1699:
1574:
1507:
1440:
1122:
776:, quality tourist bases (lac de Frace, tourist complex of La Taillée).
582:
522:
2480:
La Charente-Maritime: l'Aunis et la Saintonge des origines Ă nos jours
2426:
La Charente-Maritime, l'Aunis et la Saintonge des origines Ă nos jours
2398:
La Charente-Maritime, L'Aunis et la Saintonge des origines Ă nos jours
2377:
La Charente-Maritime, l'Aunis et la Saintonge des origines Ă nos jours
2328:
La Charente-Maritime, L'Aunis et la Saintonge des origines Ă nos jours
1562:. This yoke was shaken off in 1371, and the province restored to King
1164:
Moreover, the deep sea gulfs (Gulf of Pictones, to the north, Gulf of
1104:. This last theory has found favour with a large number of historians.
3391:
3265:
3260:
3145:
3110:
3010:
1925:
1415:
1060:
1015:. Even now, there is no consensus among historians and etymologists.
733:
349:
in the south. To the west is the Atlantic Ocean and two islands, the
185:
2684:
This defensive site gained repute for its fortress named "Lisleau".
2647:. Collection Que-Sais-Je? (in French). Paris: P.U.F. pp. 18 19.
2626:
The date generally given by historians for this is 476 AD; see
2517:
became part of Aquitaine which was itself divided into six cities".
2214:
2212:
1723:
1429:
1372:, whose names still linger on, such as that of the Gallo-Roman site
1318:
561:("White Gold") salt are important natural resources of the ĂŽle de RĂ©
3345:
3330:
3320:
3310:
3190:
3175:
3150:
3125:
3050:
2925:(database of 300.000 surnames and placenames at histoirepassion.eu
2511:, who made the provinces smaller to improve defence logistics, the
2133:
1963:, it had a combined urban population of 36,422 inhabitants in 2006.
1616:
1251:
1239:
1165:
1137:
1129:
988:
984:
814:
566:
515:
511:
457:
393:
380:
374:
3035:
2600:
This typical Gallo-Roman name means "The newly deforested lands".
1899:
1136:
to the east, which kept it apart from the ancient province of the
904:
361:(the main left tributary of the Sèvre Niortaise), by the hills of
3295:
3235:
3220:
3165:
3095:
3090:
3065:
2808:
2209:
1471:
1310:
1263:
1056:
384:
Chalk cliffs to the north and south of La Rochelle date from the
2922:
3315:
3270:
3240:
3170:
3160:
3020:
2126:
From its creation in 1790 until 1941, the department was named
1986:
1974:
1467:
1456:
1419:
1289:
1259:
1247:
1195:
1116:
914:
761:
717:
613:
543:
453:
207:
190:
2892:
Origine des noms de villes et villages de la Charente-Maritime
2574:
This rural amphitheatre was discovered by aerial photography.
1837:– which were for much of history obstacles for overland travel
1036:) was very common in mediaeval times; the province became the
908:
Vauban Ă Fouras fort has become a vibrant small seaside resort
880:
is the third town of Charente-Maritime, after La Rochelle and
3406:
3401:
3335:
3325:
3275:
3245:
2204:
2079:
1823:
This regional enclave was even more isolated by the marshes (
1610:
1535:
1503:
1229:
1154:
1148:
1048:
1032:
928:
which, with 20,987 inhabitants, is the most populated of the
832:
had a population density of 149/km (390/sq mi) in 2006.
810:
525:
wiped them out in 1876, although there are still some on the
168:
2527:
2498:(See especially the "Map of Gallo-Roman occupation", p. 77.)
2388:
2386:
2184:(in French), Tours: édition du Terroir, 1985, pp. 54–56
947:
is the most populous single commune, with 3,027 inhabitants.
2896:
Origins of names of towns and villages of Charente-Maritime
2859:] (in French), La Rochelle: H. Petit (publisher/editor)
2230:
Even that great 19th-century historian L. Delayant, in his
2106:
1512:
1238:– they preferred to call the area Saintonge and themselves
1052:
674:
In addition there are two smaller, newer industrial areas:
657:
282:
The province was officially recognised during the reign of
248:
244:
the historic capital which gives its name to the province.
2729:(in French). Tours: Ă©ditions du Terroir. 1985. p. 62.
2674:(in French). Tours: Ă©ditions du Terroir. 1985. p. 31.
2587:
On the site of Breuil-Bertin there are some Roman remains.
2277:
was thus a region of lakes. Recall that the alder (Latin:
972:, appeared in the last will and testament of Count Roger.
2383:
2295:
2293:
2045:
Some of these feelings and superstitions are still around
1158:
446:
437:
to Paris. This line has been repeatedly modernised (made
2836:
Bouillet, Marie-Nicolas; Chassang, Alexis, eds. (1878).
2744:(in French). La Rochelle: Ă©ditions Rupella. p. 190.
2702:. Tours: Ă©ditions du Terroir. 1985. pp. 32 and 210.
1546:, then, after their divorce and her remarriage, to King
597:
Rochefort and Saintonge Chamber of Commerce and Industry
2784:
2772:
2247:
943:
make up a small urban area with 5,504 inhabitants, but
760:(Notre-Dame church, castle, renovated town centre) and
510:
The two principal agricultural resources are intensive
505:
2796:
2760:
2748:
2651:
2523:. Collection "Que-Sais-Je?". Paris: P.U.F. p. 18.
2290:
1601:
in the south; to the west, it included the islands of
1418:
from the start of the 5th century AD, and then by the
2877:
de Vaux de Foletier, F. (2000). Princi NĂ©guer (ed.).
2428:(in French). Éditions Bordessoules. 1981. p. 72.
2330:(in French). Éditions Bordessoules. 1981. p. 44.
1872:
La Rochelle contributing 146,121 and Rochefort 55,388
1022:
the name should be linked to the forest, because the
2932:
Flags, coats of arms and emblems of Poitou-Charentes
2432:
794:
average, which in 2006 was 113/km (290/sq mi).
2876:
2814:
2411:
2218:
2905:Le patrimoine des communes de la Charente-Maritime
1439:in the 9th power in the province was unstable and
357:. To the east it is bordered by the valley of the
232:, situated in the north-west of the department of
2507:"In 285 AD, during the reign of the Emperor
1324:However, near the end of the 3rd century AD, the
3431:
2835:
2739:
2379:(in French). Éditions Bordessoules. p. 128.
479:from Rochefort to Saintes, the viaduct over the
397:Atlantic, forming the northern extremity of the
2866:Guide l'art et de la nature – Charente-Maritime
2400:(in French). Editions Bordessoules. p. 28.
2632:(in French). Ă©ditions du Fallois. p. 184.
1789:, Governor of the Saintonge and Aunis regions.
1218:", where again no Roman road goes into Aunis.
536:and the north of La Rochelle, mussel farming (
2965:
2178:Le Guide des départements, Charente-Maritime
2159:
2157:
1063:, hid (so it is said) in this refuge between
588:
2231:
2137:
2127:
2064:
1824:
1678:
1650:
1614:
1530:The province was thus controlled in 1130 by
1493:
1373:
1275:
1205:
1199:
1141:
641:
537:
2863:
2588:
2575:
2533:
2512:
2450:
2278:
2091:
1644:
1483:
1450:
1393:
1383:
1367:
1341:
1335:
1325:
1300:
1233:
1189:
1179:
1169:
1087:
1010:
1004:
998:
992:
2972:
2958:
2889:
2614:
2492:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2284:
2253:
2154:
1709:The other party, meanwhile, will head for
1522:After the demise of Châtelaillon in 1130,
341:Aunis has two river borders, those of the
2898:] (in French). Éditions Bordessoules.
2613:The site was later used for a monastery.
2410:It is described as a "chalky isthmus" in
2392:
2371:
2011:with those of the historical province of
1628:
1597:in the north, to the lower valley of the
521:Vineyards were virtually abandoned after
129:1,497.16 km (578.06 sq mi)
2870:Art and Nature Guide – Charente-Maritime
2850:
2802:
2790:
2778:
2766:
2754:
2685:
2657:
2438:
2313:
2299:
2241:
2163:
1722:
1680:L'aultre partie, cependent, tirera vers
1573:
1569:
1550:. Aunis was returned to the French with
1404:
903:
700:
689:
552:
379:
2909:Names in the Charente-Maritime communes
2742:A la recherche de la Saintonge maritime
2180:("Department Guide, Charente-Maritime")
1430:The "pagus alnensis" in the Middle Ages
1422:, who took over after their victory in
336:
3432:
2902:
2846:(in French). Vol. 1. p. 143.
2712:
2645:Histoire de l'Aunis et de la Saintonge
2642:
2627:
2601:
2565:, "Saint-Georges-du-Bois" (in vol. II)
2562:
2545:The Forest of Argenson is recorded as
2521:Histoire de l'Aunis et de la Saintonge
2518:
2477:
2007:Do not confuse the territories of the
2953:
2923:The history of Aunis from old records
1890:This canton combines the communes of
1718:
926:Communauté de communes Plaine d'Aunis
612:specialised in railway construction (
502:, and economic activity diversified.
223:
1902:– 2006 census (municipal population)
1409:The church of Notre-Dame at Surgères
924:, with 3,523 inhabitants, leads the
506:Agricultural and maritime activities
2334:
2136:was farther upstream and so called
1747:Lantern Tower (La Rochelle, France)
1214:. This Roman road is found in the "
532:At sea, between the estuary of the
483:at Rochefort, the ring road around
13:
2853:Histoire de la Charente-Inférieure
2453:, Ardillières, Ballon and Le Thou.
2233:Histoire de la Charente-Inférieure
1117:The "pays des aulnes" in antiquity
866:The principal towns of Aunis are:
628:), chemicals and pharmaceuticals (
460:also serve Aunis, passing through
14:
3476:
2916:
2482:(in French). Saint-Jean d’Angély.
2063:Thanks to archaeology, dozens of
1780:
1554:in 1224, but was restored by the
452:The regional railways connecting
3204:
2981:
2879:Histoire d'Aunis et de Saintonge
2829:
1727:The entrance of the Old Port of
1288:, and on the banks of the river
1086:), designated by its Latin name
542:) has an important place, while
318:(feminine). The English term is
66:
51:
41:
2733:
2718:
2706:
2691:
2678:
2663:
2636:
2620:
2607:
2604:, "Nuaillé-d'Aunis" (in vol. I)
2594:
2581:
2568:
2539:
2501:
2471:
2456:
2417:
2404:
2364:
2319:
2305:
2283:) enjoys very wet conditions."
2259:
2224:
2197:
2188:
2120:
2111:
2099:
2084:
2072:
2057:
2048:
2039:
2023:
2001:
1992:
1966:
1949:
1940:
1931:
1914:
1905:
1884:
594:La Rochelle Chamber of Commerce
242:Castrum Allionis (Châtelaillon)
16:For the French wine grape, see
3450:Geography of Charente-Maritime
2883:History of Aunis and Santoigne
2169:
1875:
1866:
1857:
1840:
1817:
1800:
1752:La Rochelle Town Hall, in the
1228:The coast was occupied by the
813:corridor", which runs between
772:and has developed, notably at
392:Aunis is a chalk plain of the
310:People from Aunis were called
173:Population sans double comptes
161:
1:
3460:History of Nouvelle-Aquitaine
2857:History of the Lower Charente
2740:Julien-Labruyere, F. (1980).
2423:See, for example, the map at
2148:
1578:The Vauban defensive wall in
779:
3465:History of Charente-Maritime
2890:Cassagne, J. M.; Korsak, M.
1532:William X, Duke of Aquitaine
860:Canton of Saint-Martin-de-RĂ©
548:Marais d'Yves Nature Reserve
420:
369:, and by the valleys of the
325:
7:
3355:Foreign territories in 1789
3214:Minor provinces and regions
2348:(in French). Archived from
1659:French Constitution of 1791
1657:were established under the
1358:, the Romans built a small
951:
10:
3481:
3445:Former provinces of France
2872:] (in French). Nathan.
2823:
1665:to form the Department of
1388:– nowadays the commune of
1232:, even during the time of
1201:La Chaussée de Saint-Félix
1108:
685:
616:) and naval construction (
589:Industrial diversification
236:. Its historic capital is
15:
3354:
3213:
3202:
2998:
2727:Le Guide des départements
2700:Le Guide des départements
2672:Le Guide des départements
1637:, started in the time of
1499:
1271:
1147:
1101:
1031:
708:castle, now the town hall
680:Marans, Charente-Maritime
197:
184:
154:
146:
138:
133:
125:
120:
112:
77:
65:
37:
30:
2864:de La Torre, M. (1985).
2815:de Vaux de Foletier 2000
2412:de Vaux de Foletier 2000
2219:de Vaux de Foletier 2000
2090:where the great port of
1793:
1696:Gargantua and Pantagruel
1672:
1645:End of the Ancien RĂ©gime
646:("self-governing port").
618:Chantiers navals Gamelin
487:, and the bridge to the
2578:, Saint-Georges-du-Bois
1739:The Saint Nicolas Tower
1204:("St Felix's Way") and
764:(port and river site),
491:, all of which are now
445:in 1993 for use by the
240:, which took over from
150:192/km (500/sq mi)
2943:at histoirepassion.eu
2903:Flohic, J. L. (2002).
2643:Deveau, J. M. (1974).
2519:Deveau, J. M. (1974).
2513:
2478:Maurin, Louis (1981).
2465:Guide des départements
2279:
2232:
2138:
2128:
2092:
2065:
2033:
1825:
1731:
1716:
1705:
1679:
1651:
1635:Protestant Reformation
1629:During the Reformation
1615:
1613:and also included the
1582:
1494:
1484:
1451:
1410:
1394:
1384:
1374:
1368:
1342:
1336:
1326:
1301:
1276:
1234:
1207:La Chaussée de Marsais
1206:
1200:
1190:
1180:
1170:
1142:
1097:
1088:
1041:
1027:
1011:
1005:
999:
993:
969:
909:
709:
698:
642:
632:) and pleasure boats (
562:
538:
414:
389:
345:in the north, and the
3372:Menton and Roquebrune
2851:Delayant, L. (1872),
2843:Dictionnaire Bouillet
2725:"Charente-Maritime".
2715:, "Benon" (in vol. I)
2698:"Charente-Maritime".
2670:"Charente-Maritime".
2615:Cassagne & Korsak
2285:Cassagne & Korsak
2254:Cassagne & Korsak
1776:The Royal Ropemakers.
1768:church of Notre-Dame.
1726:
1706:
1676:
1577:
1570:Birth of the province
1502:) Abbey was built in
1470:threat. But repeated
1408:
1400:Saint-Sauveur-d'Aunis
1352:Saint-Georges-du-Bois
907:
704:
693:
557:The salt marshes and
556:
383:
199: • Summer (
3121:Lorraine and Barrois
2988:Historical provinces
2591:, Saint-Ouen-d'Aunis
1922:Aigrefeuille-d'Aunis
1552:Louis VIII of France
1540:Eleanor of Aquitaine
1392:, or indeed that of
1222:difficult to reach.
960:in 778, the name of
922:Aigrefeuille d'Aunis
884:, but together with
837:Aigrefeuille-d'Aunis
774:Aigrefeuille-d'Aunis
676:Aigrefeuille-d'Aunis
624:), food industries (
500:Second French Empire
337:Geographic framework
259:in the north, Basse
147: • Density
2999:General governments
2628:Grimal, P. (1993).
2352:on 26 December 2013
2265:"Aunis was written
2182:(collected edition)
2129:Charente-Inférieure
2036:, "Santone Country"
1835:Marais de Rochefort
1639:Francis I of France
1623:Saint-Jean d'Angély
1564:Charles V of France
1548:Henry II of England
1544:Louis VII of France
1437:Carolingian dynasty
1337:Mediolanum Santonum
1181:Mediolanum Santonum
830:canton of La Jarrie
284:Charles V of France
267:) in the east, and
93: /
2885:] (in French).
1896:Châtelaillon-Plage
1787:Amador de la Porte
1732:
1719:Places of interest
1583:
1580:Saint-Martin-de-RĂ©
1556:Treaty of Brittany
1506:, being the first
1482:, also called the
1411:
1380:Saint-Ouen-d'Aunis
1378:in the commune of
1216:Table de Peutinger
1084:Châtelaillon-Plage
945:Sainte-Marie-de-RĂ©
937:Saint-Martin-de-RĂ©
935:On the ĂŽle de RĂ©,
910:
738:Saint-Martin-de-RĂ©
722:Pertuis d'Antioche
714:Châtelaillon-Plage
710:
699:
696:Saint-Martin-de-RĂ©
622:Delphi Corporation
563:
466:Châtelaillon-Plage
390:
253:Duchy of Aquitaine
230:province of France
228:) is a historical
225:[onis,oni]
139: • Total
3427:
3426:
2267:pagus aliennensis
1892:Angoulins-sur-Mer
1692:François Rabelais
1667:Charente-Maritime
1560:John II of France
1194:(now the town of
1184:(now the town of
1044:("Alder Region").
849:Canton of Courçon
493:dual carriageways
415:la Petite Flandre
296:Charente-Maritime
255:. It extended to
234:Charente-Maritime
214:
213:
126: • Land
3472:
3419:Comtat Venaissin
3415:
3208:
2986:
2985:
2974:
2967:
2960:
2951:
2950:
2946:
2937:
2928:
2912:
2899:
2886:
2873:
2860:
2847:
2833:
2832:
2818:
2812:
2806:
2800:
2794:
2788:
2782:
2776:
2770:
2764:
2758:
2752:
2746:
2745:
2737:
2731:
2730:
2722:
2716:
2710:
2704:
2703:
2695:
2689:
2682:
2676:
2675:
2667:
2661:
2655:
2649:
2648:
2640:
2634:
2633:
2624:
2618:
2611:
2605:
2598:
2592:
2589:de La Torre 1985
2585:
2579:
2576:de La Torre 1985
2572:
2566:
2543:
2537:
2534:de La Torre 1985
2531:
2525:
2524:
2516:
2514:Civitas Santonum
2505:
2499:
2497:
2491:
2483:
2475:
2469:
2468:
2460:
2454:
2451:de La Torre 1985
2448:
2442:
2436:
2430:
2429:
2421:
2415:
2408:
2402:
2401:
2390:
2381:
2380:
2368:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2357:
2346:Histoire passion
2338:
2332:
2331:
2323:
2317:
2309:
2303:
2297:
2288:
2282:
2275:pagus aliniensis
2263:
2257:
2251:
2245:
2235:
2228:
2222:
2216:
2207:
2201:
2195:
2192:
2186:
2185:
2173:
2167:
2161:
2142:
2141:
2131:
2124:
2118:
2115:
2109:
2103:
2097:
2095:
2088:
2082:
2076:
2070:
2068:
2061:
2055:
2052:
2046:
2043:
2037:
2027:
2021:
2005:
1999:
1996:
1990:
1970:
1964:
1961:Cenon-sur-Vienne
1953:
1947:
1944:
1938:
1935:
1929:
1918:
1912:
1909:
1903:
1888:
1882:
1879:
1873:
1870:
1864:
1861:
1855:
1844:
1838:
1828:
1821:
1815:
1804:
1734:In La Rochelle:
1703:
1686:
1656:
1620:
1501:
1497:
1487:
1454:
1426:in 507 AD.
1414:occupied by the
1397:
1387:
1377:
1371:
1345:
1339:
1329:
1304:
1297:sylve d'Argenson
1279:
1273:
1237:
1209:
1203:
1193:
1183:
1173:
1152:
1145:
1103:
1091:
1089:Castrum Allionis
1035:
1014:
1012:Pagus Alienensis
1008:
1002:
996:
726:Port des Minimes
645:
620:), motor parts (
541:
227:
222:
204:
176:
165:
108:
107:
105:
104:
103:
98:
94:
91:
90:
89:
86:
72:Aunis in France.
70:
55:
45:
28:
27:
3480:
3479:
3475:
3474:
3473:
3471:
3470:
3469:
3430:
3429:
3428:
3423:
3409:
3350:
3209:
3200:
2994:
2980:
2978:
2944:
2935:
2926:
2919:
2830:
2826:
2821:
2813:
2809:
2801:
2797:
2789:
2785:
2777:
2773:
2765:
2761:
2753:
2749:
2738:
2734:
2724:
2723:
2719:
2711:
2707:
2697:
2696:
2692:
2683:
2679:
2669:
2668:
2664:
2656:
2652:
2641:
2637:
2630:L'Empire romain
2625:
2621:
2612:
2608:
2599:
2595:
2586:
2582:
2573:
2569:
2544:
2540:
2532:
2528:
2506:
2502:
2485:
2484:
2476:
2472:
2462:
2461:
2457:
2449:
2445:
2437:
2433:
2424:
2422:
2418:
2409:
2405:
2391:
2384:
2369:
2365:
2355:
2353:
2340:
2339:
2335:
2326:
2324:
2320:
2310:
2306:
2298:
2291:
2264:
2260:
2252:
2248:
2229:
2225:
2217:
2210:
2202:
2198:
2193:
2189:
2175:
2174:
2170:
2162:
2155:
2151:
2146:
2145:
2125:
2121:
2116:
2112:
2104:
2100:
2093:Portus Santonum
2089:
2085:
2077:
2073:
2062:
2058:
2053:
2049:
2044:
2040:
2028:
2024:
2006:
2002:
1997:
1993:
1979:Tonnay-Charente
1971:
1967:
1954:
1950:
1945:
1941:
1936:
1932:
1919:
1915:
1910:
1906:
1889:
1885:
1880:
1876:
1871:
1867:
1862:
1858:
1845:
1841:
1831:Marais Poitevin
1822:
1818:
1813:Tonnay-Charente
1805:
1801:
1796:
1783:
1743:The Chain Tower
1721:
1704:
1690:
1675:
1647:
1631:
1595:Marais Poitevin
1572:
1534:, bringing the
1432:
1395:Villa Liguriaco
1390:Nuaillé-d'Aunis
1332:Pays des Aulnes
1256:Gironde Estuary
1242:– and then the
1143:pays des aulnes
1140:. This was the
1119:
1111:
1098:château d'Aunis
1042:pays des aulnes
954:
886:Tonnay-Charente
823:canton of Aytré
782:
766:Tonnay-Charente
688:
654:Tonnay-Charente
591:
579:Forest of Benon
565:Reclamation of
534:Sèvre Niortaise
514:(wheat, maize,
508:
423:
407:Marais Poitevin
399:Aquitaine Basin
343:Sèvre Niortaise
339:
328:
314:(masculine) or
257:Marais Poitevin
220:
198:
180:
179:
166:
162:
101:
99:
95:
92:
87:
84:
82:
80:
79:
73:
61:
60:
59:
58:
49:
48:
33:
26:
25:Place in France
21:
12:
11:
5:
3478:
3468:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3425:
3424:
3422:
3421:
3416:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3358:
3356:
3352:
3351:
3349:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3217:
3215:
3211:
3210:
3203:
3201:
3199:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3002:
3000:
2996:
2995:
2977:
2976:
2969:
2962:
2954:
2948:
2947:
2938:
2929:
2918:
2917:External links
2915:
2914:
2913:
2900:
2887:
2874:
2861:
2848:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2819:
2807:
2795:
2793:, p. 134.
2783:
2781:, p. 107.
2771:
2759:
2747:
2732:
2717:
2705:
2690:
2677:
2662:
2650:
2635:
2619:
2606:
2593:
2580:
2567:
2553:, and others.
2538:
2526:
2500:
2470:
2455:
2443:
2431:
2416:
2403:
2382:
2363:
2333:
2318:
2304:
2289:
2271:pagus alnisius
2258:
2246:
2223:
2208:
2196:
2187:
2168:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2144:
2143:
2139:Haute Charente
2119:
2110:
2098:
2083:
2071:
2056:
2047:
2038:
2034:Pagus Santonum
2022:
2000:
1991:
1965:
1948:
1939:
1930:
1913:
1904:
1883:
1874:
1865:
1856:
1839:
1816:
1798:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1791:
1790:
1782:
1781:Notable people
1779:
1778:
1777:
1772:In Rochefort:
1770:
1769:
1758:
1757:
1750:
1720:
1717:
1698:, Chapter 33 (
1688:
1674:
1671:
1646:
1643:
1630:
1627:
1571:
1568:
1476:fortified city
1452:Pagus Alnensis
1431:
1428:
1382:., or the old
1327:Pagus Santonum
1235:Pagus Santonum
1171:Pagus Santonum
1121:In Celtic and
1118:
1115:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1105:
1076:
1051:, who invaded
1045:
970:Pagus Alnensis
953:
950:
949:
948:
933:
919:
902:
901:
895:
889:
875:
781:
778:
687:
684:
672:
671:
665:
647:
638:Fontaine-Pajot
599:
598:
595:
590:
587:
512:arable farming
507:
504:
477:A837 autoroute
422:
419:
338:
335:
327:
324:
303:together with
212:
211:
205:
195:
194:
188:
182:
181:
178:
177:
159:
158:
156:
152:
151:
148:
144:
143:
140:
136:
135:
131:
130:
127:
123:
122:
118:
117:
114:
110:
109:
75:
74:
71:
63:
62:
56:
50:
46:
40:
39:
38:
35:
34:
31:
24:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3477:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3437:
3435:
3420:
3417:
3413:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3359:
3357:
3353:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3218:
3216:
3212:
3207:
3197:
3196:Trois-Évêchés
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3141:Lower Navarre
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3106:ĂŽle-de-France
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3086:Franche-Comté
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3003:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2984:
2975:
2970:
2968:
2963:
2961:
2956:
2955:
2952:
2942:
2939:
2933:
2930:
2924:
2921:
2920:
2910:
2906:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2862:
2858:
2854:
2849:
2845:
2844:
2839:
2828:
2827:
2817:, p. 47.
2816:
2811:
2805:, p. 54.
2804:
2803:Delayant 1872
2799:
2792:
2791:Delayant 1872
2787:
2780:
2779:Delayant 1872
2775:
2769:, p. 86.
2768:
2767:Delayant 1872
2763:
2757:, p. 80.
2756:
2755:Delayant 1872
2751:
2743:
2736:
2728:
2721:
2714:
2709:
2701:
2694:
2687:
2686:Delayant 1872
2681:
2673:
2666:
2660:, p. 44.
2659:
2658:Delayant 1872
2654:
2646:
2639:
2631:
2623:
2617:, p. 292
2616:
2610:
2603:
2597:
2590:
2584:
2577:
2571:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2542:
2535:
2530:
2522:
2515:
2510:
2504:
2495:
2489:
2481:
2474:
2466:
2459:
2452:
2447:
2440:
2439:Delayant 1872
2435:
2427:
2420:
2413:
2407:
2399:
2395:
2394:Glénisson, J.
2389:
2387:
2378:
2374:
2373:Glénisson, J.
2367:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2337:
2329:
2322:
2315:
2314:Delayant 1872
2308:
2302:, p. 42.
2301:
2300:Delayant 1872
2296:
2294:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2262:
2255:
2250:
2243:
2242:Delayant 1872
2239:
2234:
2227:
2221:, p. 18.
2220:
2215:
2213:
2206:
2200:
2191:
2183:
2179:
2176:"ĂŽle d'Aix",
2172:
2166:, p. 141
2165:
2164:Delayant 1872
2160:
2158:
2153:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2123:
2114:
2108:
2102:
2094:
2087:
2081:
2075:
2067:
2060:
2051:
2042:
2035:
2031:
2026:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2004:
1995:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1969:
1962:
1958:
1957:Châtellerault
1952:
1943:
1934:
1927:
1923:
1917:
1908:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1887:
1878:
1869:
1860:
1854:
1850:
1843:
1836:
1832:
1827:
1820:
1814:
1810:
1803:
1799:
1788:
1785:
1784:
1775:
1774:
1773:
1767:
1763:
1762:
1761:
1760:In Surgères:
1755:
1751:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1737:
1736:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1715:
1714:
1712:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1670:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1655:
1654:
1642:
1640:
1636:
1626:
1624:
1619:
1618:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1591:
1589:
1581:
1576:
1567:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1528:
1525:
1520:
1516:
1514:
1509:
1505:
1496:
1489:
1486:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1464:
1462:
1458:
1453:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1438:
1427:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1407:
1403:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1375:Breuil-Bertin
1370:
1363:
1361:
1357:
1354:, previously
1353:
1349:
1344:
1340:(Saintes) to
1338:
1333:
1328:
1322:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1291:
1287:
1281:
1278:
1267:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1223:
1219:
1217:
1213:
1208:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1160:
1156:
1150:
1144:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1126:
1124:
1114:
1099:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1043:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1020:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1007:
1006:Pagus Alensis
1001:
995:
990:
986:
982:
978:
973:
971:
967:
964:, written as
963:
959:
946:
942:
938:
934:
931:
927:
923:
920:
917:
916:
912:
911:
906:
899:
896:
893:
890:
887:
883:
879:
876:
872:
869:
868:
867:
864:
861:
856:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
833:
831:
826:
824:
820:
819:Châtellerault
816:
812:
807:
802:
798:
795:
791:
788:
785:
777:
775:
771:
770:green tourism
767:
763:
759:
753:
751:
747:
742:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
707:
703:
697:
692:
683:
681:
677:
669:
666:
663:
659:
655:
651:
648:
644:
643:port autonome
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
608:
607:
606:
603:
596:
593:
592:
586:
584:
580:
575:
573:
568:
560:
555:
551:
549:
545:
540:
539:mytiliculture
535:
530:
528:
524:
519:
517:
513:
503:
501:
496:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
473:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
450:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
427:
418:
416:
412:
408:
402:
400:
395:
387:
386:Late Jurassic
382:
378:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
334:
331:
323:
321:
317:
313:
308:
306:
302:
301:
297:
292:
290:
285:
280:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
245:
243:
239:
235:
231:
226:
218:
209:
206:
202:
196:
192:
189:
187:
183:
174:
170:
164:
160:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
132:
128:
124:
119:
115:
111:
106:
78:Coordinates:
76:
69:
64:
54:
44:
36:
29:
23:
19:
18:Aunis (grape)
3025:
2908:
2904:
2895:
2891:
2882:
2878:
2869:
2865:
2856:
2852:
2841:
2810:
2798:
2786:
2774:
2762:
2750:
2741:
2735:
2726:
2720:
2708:
2699:
2693:
2688:, p. 80
2680:
2671:
2665:
2653:
2644:
2638:
2629:
2622:
2609:
2596:
2583:
2570:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2541:
2529:
2520:
2503:
2479:
2473:
2464:
2458:
2446:
2434:
2425:
2419:
2406:
2397:
2376:
2366:
2354:. Retrieved
2350:the original
2345:
2336:
2327:
2321:
2316:, p. 54
2307:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2261:
2256:, p. 8.
2249:
2244:, p. 54
2237:
2226:
2199:
2190:
2181:
2177:
2171:
2122:
2113:
2101:
2086:
2074:
2059:
2050:
2041:
2025:
2017:Pays d'Aunis
2012:
2009:Pays d'Aunis
2008:
2003:
1994:
1968:
1951:
1942:
1933:
1916:
1907:
1886:
1877:
1868:
1859:
1853:Île d'Oléron
1842:
1819:
1802:
1771:
1759:
1733:
1710:
1708:
1707:
1702:'s advisers)
1681:
1677:
1653:départements
1648:
1632:
1592:
1586:
1584:
1529:
1521:
1517:
1490:
1465:
1461:Châtelaillon
1448:
1445:
1433:
1412:
1364:
1360:amphitheatre
1355:
1331:
1323:
1296:
1294:
1282:
1268:
1227:
1224:
1220:
1163:
1127:
1120:
1112:
1102:Aunis castle
1080:Châtelaillon
1079:
1072:
1017:
997:(in 951) or
981:Saintongeais
974:
961:
955:
944:
940:
936:
930:Pays d'Aunis
921:
913:
897:
891:
877:
870:
865:
857:
853:Pays d'Aunis
834:
827:
803:
799:
796:
792:
789:
786:
783:
754:
743:
711:
673:
604:
602:up-to-date.
600:
576:
564:
558:
531:
520:
509:
497:
474:
451:
439:double track
428:
424:
403:
391:
340:
332:
329:
319:
315:
311:
309:
298:
293:
287:
281:
276:
269:Rochefortais
246:
216:
215:
172:
163:
97:46.5°N 0.5°W
57:Coat of arms
22:
3410: [
3397:Sarrewerden
3377:Montbéliard
3046:Bourbonnais
2945:(in French)
2936:(in French)
2934:at free.fr
2927:(in French)
2713:Flohic 2002
2602:Flohic 2002
2563:Flohic 2002
2414:, p. 4
2356:19 February
2287:, p. 9
2078:Commune of
2066:sites Ă sel
1754:Renaissance
1729:La Rochelle
1558:in 1360 by
1524:La Rochelle
1500:God's Grace
1307:Ardillières
1277:sites Ă sel
1254:. The huge
1212:Deux-Sèvres
1123:Gallo-Roman
1100:, English:
1009:or instead
979:(Aulnay en
958:Charlemagne
871:La Rochelle
806:twin cities
610:La Rochelle
485:La Rochelle
462:La Rochelle
443:electrified
431:La Rochelle
367:Saint-FĂ©lix
300:département
277:l'ĂŽle de RĂ©
238:La Rochelle
100: /
3434:Categories
3341:Vermandois
3231:Beaujolais
3181:Roussillon
2509:Diocletian
2463:"Ballon",
2149:References
2020:Rochefort.
1766:Romanesque
1700:Picrochole
1508:Cistercian
1498:(English:
1495:Grâce-Dieu
1449:Its name,
1343:Juliomagus
1191:Juliomagus
1146:(English:
1092:heard as
1030:(English:
780:Demography
583:green belt
559:l'or blanc
523:phylloxera
316:Aunisienne
286:in 1374: "
273:Isle of RĂ©
134:Population
102:46.5; -0.5
3392:Salm-Salm
3266:Couserans
3261:Comminges
3251:Cambrésis
3186:Saintonge
3156:Orléanais
3146:Nivernais
3111:Languedoc
3061:Champagne
3011:Angoumois
2488:cite book
1926:La Jarrie
1851:, on the
1849:Cotinière
1663:Saintonge
1649:When the
1607:ĂŽle d'Aix
1603:ĂŽle de RĂ©
1588:province.
1441:autarchic
1416:Visigoths
1385:Nobiliaco
1176:Saintonge
1061:Visigoths
1000:Audeniaco
941:La Flotte
878:Rochefort
874:Poitiers.
750:ĂŽle d'Aix
746:ĂŽle de RĂ©
734:La Flotte
730:Ars-en-RĂ©
694:Quays at
650:Rochefort
572:ĂŽle d'Ars
527:ĂŽle de RĂ©
489:ĂŽle de RĂ©
470:Rochefort
435:Rochefort
421:Transport
363:Saintonge
355:ĂŽle d'Aix
351:ĂŽle de RĂ©
326:Geography
305:Saintonge
289:province.
261:Saintonge
247:It was a
186:Time zone
3455:Santones
3382:Mulhouse
3362:Créhange
3346:Vivarais
3331:Valromey
3321:Rouergue
3311:Ponthieu
3306:PĂ©rigord
3301:NĂ©bouzan
3286:GĂ©vaudan
3281:Gâtinais
3256:CĂ©vennes
3226:Armagnac
3191:Touraine
3176:Provence
3151:Normandy
3126:Lyonnais
3116:Limousin
3076:Flanders
3071:Dauphiné
3056:Burgundy
3051:Brittany
3031:Auvergne
2559:Argenton
2555:Argenton
2551:Argenton
2547:Argençon
2536:, Vouhé.
2396:(1981).
2375:(1981).
2203:Source:
2134:Charente
1955:In 2006
1809:Surgères
1689:—
1617:viguerie
1605:and the
1599:Charente
1480:Surgères
1356:Argenton
1286:Marennes
1252:Boutonne
1250:and the
1240:Santones
1166:Santones
1138:Pictones
1134:Charente
1130:Boutonne
1069:Charente
1067:and the
989:Pictones
985:Santones
952:Toponymy
892:Surgères
841:Surgères
815:Poitiers
758:Surgères
706:Surgères
668:Surgères
567:sea salt
546:and the
516:oil seed
481:Charente
458:Bordeaux
394:Jurassic
375:Boutonne
371:Trézence
353:and the
347:Charente
320:Aunisian
312:Aunisien
265:Niortais
167:Source:
3296:Labourd
3236:Bigorre
3221:Agenais
3166:Picardy
3101:Hainaut
3096:Guyenne
3091:Gascony
3066:Corsica
2838:"Aunis"
2824:Sources
1983:PĂ©rigny
1485:castrum
1424:Vouillé
1311:Le Thou
1264:Garonne
1258:of the
1186:Saintes
1155:beeches
1109:History
1082:(today
1057:Vandals
994:Odenaco
882:Saintes
686:Tourism
626:Senoble
365:around
251:of the
221:French:
142:286,872
113:Country
85:46°30′N
3316:Quercy
3271:Dombes
3241:Bresse
3171:Poitou
3161:Perche
3136:Marche
3021:Artois
3006:Alsace
2992:France
2834:
2015:. The
1987:Saujon
1975:Lagord
1826:marais
1756:style.
1472:Norman
1468:Viking
1457:Poitou
1420:Franks
1369:villae
1319:Thairé
1317:, and
1315:Ballon
1302:villae
1290:Seudre
1260:Seudre
1248:Seugne
1244:Romans
1196:Angers
1174:, now
1151:Region
1094:French
1038:French
1024:French
977:Aulnay
915:Fouras
898:Marans
845:Marans
762:Marans
718:Fouras
662:Simair
634:Dufour
630:Rhodia
614:Alstom
544:Fouras
454:Nantes
441:, and
411:French
359:Mignon
155:
116:France
88:0°30′W
3440:Aunis
3414:]
3407:Tende
3402:Savoy
3336:Velay
3326:Soule
3276:Forez
3246:Bugey
3131:Maine
3041:Berry
3036:BĂ©arn
3026:Aunis
3016:Anjou
2907:[
2894:[
2881:[
2868:[
2855:[
2280:alnus
2238:Aunis
2205:INSEE
2080:Muron
2030:Latin
2013:Aunis
1985:(9),
1981:(8),
1977:(7),
1900:Aytré
1794:Notes
1711:Aunis
1673:Quote
1611:Niort
1536:dowry
1513:vines
1504:Benon
1348:Vouhé
1272:marsh
1230:Celts
1188:) to
1149:Alder
1073:Aunis
1065:Sèvre
1049:Alani
1033:Alder
1028:aulne
966:Latin
962:Aunis
939:and
811:Clain
263:(and
217:Aunis
210:(EDT)
208:UTC+1
193:(CET)
191:UTC+1
169:INSEE
32:Aunis
3387:Nice
3367:Dabo
3081:Foix
2549:and
2494:link
2358:2010
2107:Gaul
2096:lies
1989:(10)
1924:and
1898:and
1829:) –
1811:and
1764:The
1682:Onys
1633:The
1159:oaks
1157:and
1132:and
1053:Gaul
987:and
843:and
817:and
744:The
736:and
716:and
678:and
658:EADS
652:and
468:and
433:and
405:the
373:and
249:fief
121:Area
47:Flag
3291:Gex
2990:of
2269:or
1621:of
1542:to
1538:of
1478:of
1398:at
585:".
456:to
449:).
447:TGV
279:).
201:DST
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3412:fr
2840:.
2490:}}
2486:{{
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2292:^
2211:^
2156:^
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1894:,
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1443:.
1402:.
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1309:,
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1026::
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660:,
636:,
529:.
495:.
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464:,
413::
401:.
377:.
322:.
307:.
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203:)
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