440:
226:
467:
32:
210:
439:
118:, i.e. a seizure that originates from that area of the brain responsible for the function which then expresses itself with the symptoms of the aura. It is important because it makes it clear where the alteration causing the seizure is located. An epileptic aura is in most cases followed by other manifestations of a seizure, for example a
131:
followed by headache. The aura can stay for the duration of the migraine; depending on the type of aura, it can leave the person disoriented and confused. It is common for people with migraines to experience more than one type of aura during the migraine. Some people who have auras have the same type of aura every time.
130:
The aura of migraine is visual in the vast majority of cases, because dysfunction starts from the visual cortex. The aura is usually followed, after a time varying from minutes to an hour, by the migraine headache. However, the migraine aura can manifest itself in isolation, that is, without being
197:. Complex visual auras can include people, scenes, and objects which results from stimulation of the temporo-occipital junction and is lateralized to one hemifield. Auditory auras can also be simple (ringing, buzzing) or complex (voices, music). Simple symptoms can occur from activation in the
110:
Epileptic and migraine auras are due to the involvement of specific areas of the brain, which are those that determine the symptoms of the aura. Therefore, if the visual area is affected, the aura will consist of visual symptoms, while if a sensory one, then sensory symptoms will occur.
162:
An epileptic aura is the consequence of the activation of functional cortex by abnormal neuronal discharge. In addition to being a warning sign for an impending seizure, the nature of an aura can give insight into the localization and lateralization of the
122:, since the epileptic discharge spreads to other parts of the brain. Rarely it remains isolated. Auras, when they occur, allow some people who have epilepsy time to prevent injury to themselves and/or others when they lose consciousness.
174:
The most common auras include motor, somatosensory, visual, and auditory symptoms. The activation in the brain during an aura can spread through multiple regions continuously or discontinuously, on the same side or to both sides.
1327:
Adachi, Naoto; Akanuma, Nozomi; Ito, Masumi; Adachi, Takuya; Takekawa, Yoshikazu; Adachi, Yasushi; Matsuura, Masato; Kanemoto, Kousuke; Kato, Masaaki (2010-07-01). "Two forms of deja vu experiences in patients with epilepsy".
1703:
1688:
186:
is involved in the overstimulation of neurons, motor auras can result. Likewise, somatosensory auras (such as tingling, numbness, and pain) can result if the somatosensory cortex is involved. When the
961:
466:
218:
193:
Visual auras can be simple or complex. Simple visual symptoms can include static, flashing, or moving lights/shapes/colors caused mostly by abnormal activity in the
190:
is activated, more discrete parts on the opposite side of the body and the secondary somatosensory areas result in symptoms ipsilateral to the seizure focus.
2175:
1746:
1371:
Kakisaka, Y.; Jehi, L.; Alkawadri, R.; Wang, Z. I.; Enatsu, R.; Mosher, J. C.; Dubarry, A. S.; Alexopoulos, A. V.; Burgess, R. C. (August 2014).
1445:
Sekimoto, M.; Kato, M.; Kaneko, Y.; Onuma, T. (December 2007). "Ictal nausea with vomiting as the major symptom of simple partial seizures".
1160:
Bernetti, L.; Pellegrino, C.; Corbelli, I.; Caproni, S.; Eusebi, P.; Faralli, M.; Ricci, G.; Calabresi, P.; Sarchielli, P. (16 April 2018).
1614:
2114:
2031:
521: – autosomal dominant cerebrovascular disorder characterized by recurrent subcortical ischemic stroke and cognitive impairment
850:
Fakhoury, T.; Abou-Khalil, B. (November 1995). "Association of ipsilateral head turning and dystonia in temporal lobe seizures".
893:
Foldvary-Schaefer, Nancy; Unnwongse, Kanjana (1 February 2011). "Localizing and lateralizing features of auras and seizures".
1653:
1010:
1945:
985:
2078:
1739:
2008:
500:
75:
1111:"Hearing voices: does it give your patient a headache? A case of auditory hallucinations as acoustic aura in migraine"
2093:
1965:
1917:
690:
Foldvary-Schaefer, N.; Unnwongse, K. (February 2011). "Localizing and lateralizing features of auras and seizures".
1209:
Jion, Y. I.; Grosberg, B. M.; Evans, R. W. (22 August 2016). "Phantosmia and
Migraine With and Without Headache".
2036:
1839:
1421:
2053:
2026:
1732:
225:
1594:
1035:
936:
2170:
2088:
2003:
187:
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and complex symptoms from the temporo-occipital cortex at the location of the auditory association areas.
2058:
1970:
1252:
641:
Ye, Byoung Seok; Cho, Yang-Je; Jang, Sang Hyun; Lee, Moon Kyu; Lee, Byung In; Heo, Kyoung (2012-05-01).
1975:
2126:
415:
1922:
2180:
1887:
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353:
313:
198:
1902:
1882:
1822:
143:
70:
1637:
1960:
1907:
446:
257:
194:
63:
2143:
1937:
1927:
1847:
1798:
323:
457:
area with distortion of shapes but otherwise melting into the background similarly to the
8:
2131:
2098:
1707:
473:
458:
53:
1059:
229:
Example of scintillating scotoma showing an obscured/distorted area bordered with colors
2018:
1995:
1519:
1470:
1397:
1372:
1353:
1304:
1277:
1234:
1191:
1137:
1110:
918:
875:
863:
832:
783:
715:
667:
642:
1712:
643:"The Localizing and Lateralizing Value of Auras in Lesional Partial Epilepsy Patients"
472:
A "firefly" aura. This variant has been described in cases of persistent aura without
2190:
2185:
2083:
1912:
1755:
1649:
1546:
1511:
1506:
1489:
1462:
1402:
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1183:
1142:
910:
867:
824:
775:
707:
672:
623:
588:
332:
44:
39:
Artist's depiction of zig-zag lines experienced as part of a migraine aura phenomenon
1523:
1474:
1357:
1238:
879:
836:
787:
2148:
2137:
1980:
1892:
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79:
819:
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770:
753:
2120:
1985:
1950:
1788:
1783:
1643:
606:
Perven G and So NK (2015). "Epileptic auras: phenomenology and neurophysiology".
294:
1458:
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906:
703:
553:
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1955:
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1814:
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385:
179:
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658:
583:
566:
2164:
1871:
1862:
1773:
494:
488:
265:
154:, dizziness, chest pain, tremors, and palpitations can be quite challenging.
151:
115:
803:"Somatosensory auras in focal epilepsy: A clinical, video EEG and MRI study"
754:"Somatosensory auras in focal epilepsy: A clinical, video EEG and MRI study"
1550:
1515:
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1406:
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1187:
1146:
914:
828:
779:
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676:
627:
592:
370:
288:
252:
183:
135:
1278:"Synesthetic associations and psychosensory symptoms of temporal epilepsy"
871:
619:
453:
pattern starting in the center of vision, surrounded by a somewhat larger
512:
408:
401:
364:
300:
147:
83:
1724:
1570:"Dissociation and depersonalization: Causes, risk factors, and symptoms"
1109:
van der Feltz-Cornelis, Christina M; Biemans, Henk; Timmer, Jan (2012).
565:
Hurley, Robin A.; Fisher, Ronald; Taber, Katherine H. (1 October 2006).
221:
Example of a scintillating scotoma aura with each dot or line flickering
217:
1537:
Kumar, Anil; Samanta, Debopam; Emmady, Prabhu D.; Arora, Rohan (2021),
1294:
1222:
1127:
536: – Presence of perceived flashes of light in one's field of vision
389:
359:
349:
119:
1680:
1178:
1161:
382:
Cephalic aura, a perception of movement of the head or inside the head
533:
376:
233:
An aura sensation can include one or a combination of the following:
114:
Epileptic auras are subjective sensory or psychic phenomena due to a
49:
1759:
1162:"Subclinical vestibular dysfunction in migraineurs without vertigo"
1108:
986:"Alice in Wonderland Syndrome - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics"
962:"Patient's Guide to Visual Migraine - Brigham and Women's Hospital"
168:
100:
96:
1159:
733:
Sharma S., Dixit V. (2013). "Epilepsy – A Comprehensive Review".
518:
454:
425:
336:
319:
272:
164:
139:
104:
31:
1692:
515: – Neurological condition involving the crossing of senses
450:
414:
Feelings of being separated from or floating above one's body (
395:
735:
International
Journal of Pharmacological Research & Review
318:
Modification of voices or sounds in the environment: buzzing,
1488:
Erickson, J. C.; Clapp, L. E.; Ford, G.; Jabbari, B. (2006).
1490:"Somatosensory auras in refractory temporal lobe epilepsy"
1036:"Causes of Temporary Blindness and Short-Term Vision Loss"
892:
689:
209:
1370:
571:
The
Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences
1487:
1536:
1444:
567:"Sudden Onset Panic: Epileptic Aura or Panic Disorder?"
491: – Seizures which affect only one brain hemisphere
134:
Auras can also be confused with sudden onset of panic,
1326:
142:
attacks, which creates difficulties in diagnosis. The
1275:
95:
is a perceptual disturbance experienced by some with
1670:
523:
Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
505:
Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
1641:
849:
732:
1011:"Visual Aura and Scotomas: What Do They Indicate?"
605:
508:Pages displaying short descriptions with no spaces
1208:
564:
2162:
1253:"Can Being Sensitive to Smells Impact Migraine?"
751:
1545:, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing,
1615:"Recognizing Aphasia During a Migraine Attack"
1060:"Photophobia: Causes, symptoms, and treatment"
421:Feeling of overheating and sudden perspiration
1740:
1373:"Cephalic aura after frontal lobe resection"
640:
312:Hearing voices or sounds that do not exist:
1422:"Abdominal Epilepsy in Children and Adults"
1276:Marcel Neckar; Petr Bob (11 January 2016).
262:Shimmering, pulsating patches, often curved
248:Distortions in the size or shape of objects
213:Artist's depiction of scintillating scotoma
1747:
1733:
1631:
30:
1754:
1595:"Brain & Spine Foundation | Migraine"
1505:
1396:
1303:
1293:
1177:
1136:
1126:
818:
769:
666:
582:
2115:Citizens United for Research in Epilepsy
886:
224:
216:
208:
103:. An epileptic aura is actually a minor
800:
497: – Perception that only seems real
146:of patients who experience symptoms of
2176:Symptoms and signs of mental disorders
2163:
1282:Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment
1115:Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment
1086:"Epilepsy: What is Seizure With Aura?"
1728:
1419:
1083:
758:Seizure: European Journal of Epilepsy
449:, where the scintillations were of a
2032:Dentatorubral–pallidoluysian atrophy
1438:
530: – Medical condition of the eye
2079:Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy
342:
306:
13:
2009:Complex partial status epilepticus
1202:
978:
864:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1995.tb00463.x
501:Persistent aura without infarction
407:Weakness on one side of the body (
76:Persistent aura without infarction
14:
2202:
2094:Psychogenic non-epileptic seizure
1966:Benign familial neonatal seizures
1918:Sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy
1666:
329:Heightened sensitivity to hearing
236:
178:Auras are particularly common in
1507:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2006.00388.x
1377:Journal of Clinical Neuroscience
1033:
937:"Aura: Migraine's Odd Companion"
801:Tuxhorn, I. E. B. (2005-06-01).
465:
438:
280:Curtain like effect over one eye
16:Symptom of epilepsy and migraine
1607:
1587:
1562:
1530:
1481:
1413:
1364:
1320:
1269:
1245:
1153:
1102:
1077:
1052:
1027:
1002:
954:
929:
360:Heightened sensitivity to smell
301:Heightened sensitivity to light
2054:Early myoclonic encephalopathy
2027:Progressive myoclonus epilepsy
1008:
843:
794:
745:
726:
683:
634:
599:
558:
547:
1:
1619:www.northsuffolkneurology.com
1166:Acta Neurologica Scandinavica
820:10.1016/j.seizure.2005.02.005
771:10.1016/j.seizure.2005.02.005
540:
2004:Epilepsia partialis continua
1642:Britt Talley Daniel (2010).
188:primary somatosensory cortex
7:
2059:Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy
2037:Unverricht–Lundborg disease
1459:10.1016/j.yebeh.2007.08.023
1342:10.1016/j.yebeh.2010.02.016
907:10.1016/j.yebeh.2010.08.034
704:10.1016/j.yebeh.2010.08.034
482:
204:
157:
125:
10:
2207:
1976:Myoclonic astatic epilepsy
1389:10.1016/j.jocn.2013.11.024
445:Flickering animation of a
2127:Epilepsy Action Australia
2107:
2071:
2017:
1994:
1936:
1870:
1861:
1838:
1807:
1766:
1674:
1015:www.reviewofoptometry.com
1009:OD, By George T. Banyas.
752:Tuxhorn I. E. B. (2005).
659:10.3349/ymj.2012.53.3.477
584:10.1176/jnp.2006.18.4.436
69:
59:
43:
38:
29:
24:
2089:Landau–Kleffner syndrome
1923:Panayiotopoulos syndrome
1574:www.medicalnewstoday.com
1064:www.medicalnewstoday.com
966:www.brighamandwomens.org
459:physiological blind spot
354:gustatory hallucinations
1971:Lennox–Gastaut syndrome
1853:Epilepsy and employment
1447:Epilepsy & Behavior
1330:Epilepsy & Behavior
895:Epilepsy & Behavior
692:Epilepsy & Behavior
314:auditory hallucinations
242:Bright lights and blobs
199:primary auditory cortex
1903:Temporal lobe epilepsy
1823:Electroencephalography
1420:Hoffman, Matthew; MD.
647:Yonsei Medical Journal
400:Numbness or tingling (
283:Slowly spreading spots
230:
222:
214:
144:differential diagnosis
71:Differential diagnosis
1908:Frontal lobe epilepsy
1539:"Hemiplegic Migraine"
990:www.sciencedirect.com
620:10.1684/epd.2015.0786
447:scintillating scotoma
258:Scintillating scotoma
228:
220:
212:
195:primary visual cortex
64:Scintillating scotoma
2144:Epilepsy Research UK
1928:Vertiginous epilepsy
1848:Epilepsy and driving
1799:Epilepsy in children
1084:DiLonardo, Mary Jo.
424:Inability to speak (
335:dysfunction causing
326:or other modulations
324:amplitude modulation
2171:Medical terminology
2132:Epilepsy Foundation
2099:Epilepsy in animals
1779:Aura (warning sign)
608:Epileptic Disorders
474:cerebral infarction
433:Animated depictions
428:) or slurred speech
297:in one or both eyes
295:Temporary blindness
277:Blind or dark spots
54:neuro-ophthalmology
2019:Myoclonic epilepsy
1996:Status epilepticus
1295:10.2147/NDT.S95464
1223:10.1111/head.12890
1128:10.2147/NDT.S29300
943:. 20 February 2018
231:
223:
215:
2158:
2157:
2072:Related disorders
2067:
2066:
1913:Rolandic epilepsy
1722:
1721:
1655:978-1-4490-6962-9
1179:10.1111/ane.12941
858:(11): 1065–1070.
89:
88:
19:Medical condition
2198:
2149:Epilepsy Society
2138:Epilepsy Outlook
1981:Epileptic spasms
1893:Gelastic seizure
1868:
1867:
1794:Neonatal seizure
1749:
1742:
1735:
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1725:
1672:
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1478:
1442:
1436:
1435:
1433:
1432:
1417:
1411:
1410:
1400:
1383:(8): 1450–1452.
1368:
1362:
1361:
1324:
1318:
1317:
1307:
1297:
1273:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1263:
1257:www.excedrin.com
1249:
1243:
1242:
1217:(9): 1494–1502.
1206:
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681:
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603:
597:
596:
586:
562:
556:
551:
528:Retinal migraine
524:
509:
506:
469:
442:
392:rising sensation
348:Strange smells (
343:Other sensations
307:Auditory changes
80:retinal migraine
34:
22:
21:
2206:
2205:
2201:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2196:
2195:
2161:
2160:
2159:
2154:
2121:Epilepsy Action
2103:
2063:
2013:
1990:
1986:Febrile seizure
1951:Absence seizure
1932:
1888:Complex partial
1857:
1840:Personal issues
1834:
1819:Investigations
1815:Anticonvulsants
1803:
1789:Epileptogenesis
1784:Postictal state
1762:
1753:
1723:
1718:
1717:
1683:
1669:
1664:
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1656:
1648:. AuthorHouse.
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503: – disease
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128:
20:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2181:Hallucinations
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2135:
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2124:
2118:
2111:
2109:
2105:
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2102:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2084:Todd's paresis
2081:
2075:
2073:
2069:
2068:
2065:
2064:
2062:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2050:
2049:
2047:Lafora disease
2044:
2042:MERRF syndrome
2039:
2034:
2023:
2021:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2011:
2006:
2000:
1998:
1992:
1991:
1989:
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1983:
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1956:Atonic seizure
1953:
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1883:Simple partial
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1830:Epileptologist
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1676:
1675:Classification
1668:
1667:External links
1665:
1662:
1661:
1654:
1630:
1606:
1586:
1561:
1529:
1500:(1): 202–206.
1480:
1453:(4): 582–587.
1437:
1412:
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1268:
1244:
1201:
1172:(4): 270–277.
1152:
1101:
1076:
1051:
1034:Liao, Sharon.
1026:
1001:
977:
953:
928:
901:(2): 160–166.
885:
842:
813:(4): 262–268.
793:
764:(4): 262–268.
744:
725:
698:(2): 160–166.
682:
653:(3): 477–485.
633:
614:(4): 549–562.
598:
577:(4): 436–443.
557:
554:Epilepsy auras
545:
544:
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386:Abdominal aura
383:
380:
367:
362:
357:
344:
341:
340:
339:
330:
327:
316:
308:
305:
304:
303:
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286:
285:
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281:
278:
270:
269:
268:
263:
255:
249:
246:
243:
238:
237:Visual changes
235:
206:
203:
180:focal seizures
159:
156:
127:
124:
87:
86:
73:
67:
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61:
57:
56:
47:
41:
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36:
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27:
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18:
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9:
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4:
3:
2:
2203:
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2110:
2108:Organizations
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2100:
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2016:
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1873:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1863:Seizure types
1860:
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1774:Seizure types
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1378:
1374:
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1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1336:(3): 218–22.
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1005:
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826:
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797:
789:
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755:
748:
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736:
729:
721:
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713:
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686:
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629:
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621:
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568:
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555:
550:
546:
535:
532:
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526:
520:
517:
514:
511:
502:
499:
496:
495:Hallucination
493:
490:
489:Focal seizure
487:
486:
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468:
463:
460:
456:
452:
448:
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436:
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434:
427:
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391:
388:, such as an
387:
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368:
366:
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352:) or tastes (
351:
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311:
310:
302:
299:
296:
293:
290:
287:
282:
279:
276:
275:
274:
271:
267:
266:Tunnel vision
264:
261:
260:
259:
256:
254:
250:
247:
244:
241:
240:
234:
227:
219:
211:
202:
200:
196:
191:
189:
185:
181:
176:
172:
170:
166:
155:
153:
152:derealization
149:
145:
141:
137:
136:panic attacks
132:
123:
121:
117:
116:focal seizure
112:
108:
106:
102:
98:
94:
85:
81:
77:
74:
72:
68:
65:
62:
58:
55:
51:
48:
46:
42:
37:
33:
28:
23:
1946:Tonic–clonic
1778:
1702:
1687:
1644:
1633:
1622:. Retrieved
1618:
1609:
1598:. Retrieved
1589:
1578:. Retrieved
1576:. 2019-05-17
1573:
1564:
1554:, retrieved
1542:
1532:
1497:
1493:
1483:
1450:
1446:
1440:
1429:. Retrieved
1425:
1415:
1380:
1376:
1366:
1333:
1329:
1322:
1285:
1281:
1271:
1260:. Retrieved
1256:
1247:
1214:
1210:
1204:
1169:
1165:
1155:
1118:
1114:
1104:
1093:. Retrieved
1089:
1079:
1068:. Retrieved
1066:. 2021-08-16
1063:
1054:
1043:. Retrieved
1039:
1029:
1018:. Retrieved
1014:
1004:
993:. Retrieved
989:
980:
969:. Retrieved
965:
956:
945:. Retrieved
940:
931:
898:
894:
888:
855:
851:
845:
810:
806:
796:
761:
757:
747:
741:(12): 61–80.
738:
734:
728:
695:
691:
685:
650:
646:
636:
611:
607:
601:
574:
570:
560:
549:
432:
416:dissociation
375:
369:
289:Kaleidoscope
253:visual field
245:Zigzag lines
232:
192:
184:motor cortex
177:
173:
161:
148:paresthesias
133:
129:
113:
109:
92:
90:
1938:Generalised
1121:: 105–111.
513:Synesthesia
409:hemiparesis
402:paresthesia
365:Synesthesia
84:visual snow
2165:Categories
1961:Automatism
1808:Management
1624:2022-01-11
1600:2022-01-11
1580:2022-01-11
1556:2022-01-11
1543:StatPearls
1431:2022-01-11
1288:: 109–12.
1262:2022-01-11
1095:2022-01-11
1070:2022-01-11
1045:2022-01-11
1020:2022-01-11
995:2022-01-11
971:2021-03-17
947:2021-03-17
941:Migraineur
541:References
390:epigastric
350:phantosmia
333:Vestibular
251:Vibrating
120:convulsion
1494:Epilepsia
852:Epilepsia
534:Photopsia
377:jamais vu
182:. If the
50:Neurology
45:Specialty
2191:Migraine
2186:Epilepsy
1899:Epilepsy
1879:Seizures
1760:epilepsy
1756:Seizures
1645:Migraine
1638:Page 258
1551:30020674
1524:25666352
1516:16417550
1475:45291893
1467:18054131
1407:24613491
1358:27034245
1350:20494621
1314:26811683
1239:36091982
1231:27545897
1211:Headache
1188:29658983
1147:22536065
915:20926350
880:35063423
837:18386228
829:15911361
788:18386228
780:15911361
712:20926350
677:22476989
628:26643374
593:17135371
483:See also
205:Examples
169:migraine
158:Seizures
126:Migraine
101:migraine
97:epilepsy
1398:4340243
1305:4714732
1196:4887561
1138:3333787
923:1220765
872:7588449
807:Seizure
720:1220765
668:3343447
519:CADASIL
455:scotoma
426:aphasia
371:DĂ©jĂ vu
337:vertigo
320:tremolo
291:effects
273:Scotoma
165:seizure
140:anxiety
105:seizure
1767:Basics
1652:
1549:
1522:
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878:
870:
835:
827:
786:
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718:
710:
675:
665:
626:
591:
451:zigzag
396:Nausea
1872:Focal
1713:346.0
1698:G43.1
1520:S2CID
1471:S2CID
1426:WebMD
1354:S2CID
1235:S2CID
1192:S2CID
1090:WebMD
1040:WebMD
919:S2CID
876:S2CID
833:S2CID
784:S2CID
716:S2CID
60:Types
2151:(UK)
2140:(UK)
2134:(US)
2123:(UK)
2117:(US)
1758:and
1708:9-CM
1650:ISBN
1640:in:
1547:PMID
1512:PMID
1463:PMID
1403:PMID
1346:PMID
1310:PMID
1227:PMID
1184:PMID
1143:PMID
911:PMID
868:PMID
825:PMID
776:PMID
708:PMID
673:PMID
624:PMID
589:PMID
93:aura
25:Aura
1704:ICD
1689:ICD
1502:doi
1455:doi
1393:PMC
1385:doi
1338:doi
1300:PMC
1290:doi
1219:doi
1174:doi
1170:138
1133:PMC
1123:doi
903:doi
860:doi
815:doi
766:doi
700:doi
663:PMC
655:doi
616:doi
579:doi
374:or
167:or
138:or
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91:An
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356:)
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