433:, not far from its outlet. At this period they were certainly an inconsiderable tribe, and were able to offer but little resistance to the Romans. Their city of Cales was captured, and soon after occupied by a Roman colony, 333 BC; and though a few years afterwards the success of the Samnites at Lautulae induced them to rebel, their three remaining towns were easily reduced by the Roman consuls, and their inhabitants put to the sword. On this occasion Livy tells us that "the Ausonian nation was destroyed"; it is certain that its name does not again appear in history, and is only noticed by Pliny among the extinct races which had formerly inhabited Latium.
122:
576:
25:
269:
shared many attributes and formed an important part of the population of central Italy. The precise relation in which they were considered as having to the
Opicans or Oscans it is impossible to determine, nor perhaps were the ideas of the Greeks themselves about this very clear and definite. The passages already cited prove that they were considered as occupying the western coast of Campania, on which account the Lower Sea (
1305:
1268:
268:
Indeed, it is probable that the Greeks frequently applied the name with little regard to accuracy, and may have included races widely different under the common appellation of
Ausonians, but it is impossible to account for this vague and general use of the name, unless the people to whom it referred
373:
and other Greek poets of later times (for the whole
Italian peninsula). It was probably only adopted by the Alexandrian writers as a poetical equivalent for Italia, a name which is not found in any poets of that period. From them the name of Ausonia was adopted by the Roman poets in the same sense,
174:
Originally "Aurunci" was the appellation given by the Romans to the people called "Ausones" by the Greeks: Indeed, the two names are merely different forms of the same, as around the 4th century BCE, Latin medial "s" (at this point representing ) shifted to “r” (pronounced ). (Aurunci = Auronici =
324:
wrote of the
Ausonians as crossing over into Sicily under their king Siculus, where the people meant are clearly the Siculi. Again, Strabo wrote of Temesa as founded by the Ausones, where he must probably mean the Oenotrians, the only people whom we know of as inhabiting these regions before the
549:
The excavations on Lipari have revealed an assemblage which shares many features with those of contemporary
Southern Italy (in its Subapennine-Protovillanovan phases). This insular culture has been named as Ausonian I (1250/1200–1150 BC) and II (1150–850 BC) and associated with the
157:
inhabiting the southern and central regions of Italy. The term was used, specifically, to denote the particular tribe which Livy termed the
Aurunci, but later it was applied to all Italians, and Ausonia became a poetic term, in Greek and Latin, for Italy itself.
194:
Further, it seems, by the later period of the fourth century BC, that the Romans came to distinguish the two names as applying to two separate political tribes of the same race. Evidently two parts of one people, both dwelling on the frontiers of
328:
The use of the name of
Ausonia for the whole Italian peninsula was merely poetical, at least it is not found in any extant prose writer; and Dionysius indicates that it was used by the Greeks in very early times, associates it with
374:
and at a later period became not uncommon even in prose writers. The etymology of the name of
Ausones is uncertain; but it seems not improbable that it is originally connected with the same root as Oscus or Opicus.
249:, on the contrary, regarded the two nations as different, and spoke of Campania as inhabited by the Ausonians and Opicans. This does not necessarily prove that they were really distinct, as some authors mention the
341:, though he does not use the name of Ausonia, repeatedly applies the adjective "Ausontan" both to the country and people, apparently as equivalent to "Italian"; for he includes under the appellation,
260:
However, the use of "Ausones" as identical with that of the
Opicans may simply be due to the fact "Ausones" was used as a vague term for all inhabitants of the Italian peninsula, as stated above.
429:
as their chief city; but a little later he tells us that they had three cities, Ausona, Minturnae, and Vescia, all of which seem to have been situated in the plains bordering on the
191:. Nevertheless, it does not appear that the name "Aurunci" was ever employed by the Romans in the vague and extensive sense in which that of "Ausones" was used by the Greeks.
166:
The usage, by ancient writers, in regard to national appellations is very vague and fluctuating, perhaps in no instance more so than in the case of the
Ausones or Ausonians.
277:, was in early ages commonly termed by the Greeks the Ausonian Sea. Other accounts, however, represent them as originally an inland people, dwelling in the mountains about
308:, and from thence came to be gradually applied to all the inhabitants of central Italy. But they seem to have been regarded by the best authorities as distinct from the
527:
705:, to the sea on the SE. of Italy, from Sicily to the Iapygian Promontory, but this is certainly at variance with tho customary usage of the term" (
296:
On the whole, it is probable that the name was applied with little discrimination to all the native races who, prior to the invasion of the
1351:
801:"In multis verbis, in quo antiqui dicebant s, postea dicunt r... foedesum foederum, plusima plurima, meliosem meliorem, asenam arenam."
1210:
1323:
1283:
406:
The core of the Ausonian people lived in a territory termed Ausonia: during the 8th century BC it included what is now southern
701:"Pliny, on the contrary (iii. 5 s. 10,10. s. 15), and, if we may trust his authority, Polybius also, applied the name of
514:
are occupied by a group of Ausones brought there by the legendary Liparus. According to a legend Liparus is succeeded by
1374:
89:
623:
108:
605:
61:
227:
was inhabited by the Opicans, "who were called, both formerly and in his time, by the additional name of Ausones".
682:
601:
68:
46:
316:
nations, which inhabited the southern parts of the peninsula; though other authors certainly confounded them.
1318:
1278:
183:, where he says that the name of Ausonia was properly applied only to the land of the Auruncans, between the
1238:
289:
states that they had occupied the mountain tract above the Pontine marshes, and in Roman history only with
817:
526:. This continuous occupation may have been interrupted violently when during the late 9th century BC the
75:
1030:
321:
369:, a little later, seems to use the name of Ausonia precisely in the sense in which it is employed by
57:
597:
586:
515:
176:
42:
658:
remains of a polygonal line of walls belonging to the Ausonian civilization have been discovered.
1379:
590:
395:
35:
1310:
806:
667:
134:
1314:
1274:
1194:
452:
228:
559:
370:
317:
236:
955:, p. 345 cites Strab. v. 233; Dionys. i. 11; Lycophr. Alex. 44; Apoll. Rhod. iv. 590.
940:
769:
737:
724:
8:
644:
555:
538:
was burned and apparently not rebuilt. Around 1270 BC part of the Ausones relocated from
500:
496:
1341:
366:
484:
82:
121:
1251:
1190:
480:
142:
1186:
511:
1206:
504:
383:
274:
154:
1085:, p. 346 cites Apoll. Khod. iv. 553, 660, etc.; Dion. Per. 366, 383, etc.
1369:
1363:
1346:
1299:
984:
651:), of which remains has been found, has been identified as an Ausonian city.
640:
464:
282:
655:
448:
415:
436:
According to different classical sources the Ausones were also settled in
180:
235:
was at first occupied by the Opicans, "who were also called Ausonians".
1355:. Vol. 2 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 935.
387:
330:
309:
188:
257:
as if they were two different nations when they are clearly the same.
1218:
876:
551:
338:
290:
278:
224:
220:
184:
575:
386:
settlers found Italy inhabited by three major populations: Ausones,
175:
Auruni = Ausuni). The identity of the two is distinctly asserted by
24:
1202:
648:
539:
523:
488:
456:
444:
437:
411:
334:
313:
301:
297:
246:
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also seems to have had the same opinion as Antiochus, as he termed
232:
219:(Opicans), as they were occasionally referred to by the same name.
215:
It is possible the Ausonians may have also been identical with the
200:
1214:
672:
391:
354:
305:
250:
204:
150:
1198:
1098:
543:
535:
531:
460:
346:
286:
254:
216:
196:
1340:
149:), the original name and the extant Greek form for the Latin "
1298:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
636:
519:
492:
430:
426:
407:
362:
358:
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273:, as it was termed by the Romans), known subsequently as the
474:
1234:
1149:
677:
468:
422:
342:
240:
153:", was a name applied by Greek writers to describe various
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780:
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752:
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746:
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210:
1107:
941:
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/43464/Aurunci
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http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/43464/Aurunci
738:
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/43464/Aurunci
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http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/43464/Aurunci
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also writes of them as occupying an inland region; and
775:
743:
304:
and the inland mountainous region afterwards known as
1327:. Vol. I. London: John Murray. pp. 345–346.
894:, p. 345 cites Antiochus of Syracuse v. p. 242.
798:
This phenomenon was noted by the Romans themselves:
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1361:
1287:. Vol. I. London: John Murray. p. 343.
337:, both of them obviously poetical appellations.
223:expressly states that the part of Italy towards
604:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
939:Encyclopædia Britannica, s. v. "Aurunci,"
768:Encyclopædia Britannica, s. v. "Aurunci,"
736:Encyclopædia Britannica, s. v. "Aurunci,"
723:Encyclopædia Britannica, s. v. "Aurunci,"
565:
1057:, pp. 345–346 cites Dionysius i. 35.
624:Learn how and when to remove this message
475:Ausones in the Aeolian Islands and Sicily
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
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120:
1324:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography
1284:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography
1362:
1338:
1176:, p. 345 cites Pliny iii. 5. s. 9
1045:, p. 345 cites Strabo vi. p. 255.
401:
243:in Campania "a city of the Ausones ".
602:adding citations to reliable sources
569:
263:
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
863:, p. 343 cites Livy, viii. 16.
13:
1332:
1002:, p. 345 cites Strabo p. 233.
967:, p. 345 cites Festus, s. v,
361:in Campania, and the banks of the
14:
1391:
1213:a tribe settled in the inland of
1303:
1273:Bunbury, Edward Hurbert (1854).
1266:
1164:, p. 345 cites Livy ix. 25.
847:, p. 343 cites Cassius Dio
574:
203:. For more details on this see
23:
1339:Conway, Robert Seymour (1911).
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1155:
1139:
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1005:
993:
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958:
946:
933:
913:
897:
885:
866:
695:
34:needs additional citations for
1128:, p. 346 cites Buttmann,
1069:, p. 346 cites Lycophron
854:
838:
822:
792:
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683:List of ancient Italic peoples
483:, the king of the Ausones was
479:According to a legend told by
451:. The main Ausonian cities of
16:Ancient Italic tribes in Italy
1:
1260:
1217:is also claimed as Ausonian (
125:The territory of the Aurunci.
831:, p. 343 cites Servius
443:The Ausones allied with the
170:As synonymous with "Aurunci"
7:
922:, p. 345 cites Strab.
661:
211:As synonymous with "Oscans"
10:
1396:
518:whose house, according to
377:
322:Dionysius of Halicarnassus
138:
1375:Ancient peoples of Sicily
1132:vol i. p. 68; Donaldson,
1073:593, 615, 702, 922, 1355.
179:, and clearly implied by
688:
558:) phases in Sicily (See
510:From 1240 to 850 BC the
499:). The son of Auson was
161:
1352:Encyclopædia Britannica
1311:Bunbury, Edward Hurbert
566:Archaeological findings
394:. The Ausones spoke an
357:, the neighbourhood of
325:arrival of the Greeks.
815:
522:, gave hospitality to
146:
126:
1209:, Origines III). The
799:
528:Ausonian civilisation
229:Antiochus of Syracuse
124:
1185:In the territory of
1148:, p. 345 cites
1104:vii. 55, x. 54, etc.
1097:, p. 346 cites
1029:, p. 345 cites
983:, p. 345 cites
906:, p. 345 cites
875:, p. 345 cites
639:, in the commune of
598:improve this section
371:Dionysius Periegetes
318:Hellanicus of Lesbos
43:improve this article
908:ap. Steph. B. s. v.
645:province of Caserta
534:, on the island of
507:derive their name.
402:Continental Ausones
1014:, p. 345 see
818:Rhotacism in Latin
560:Luigi Bernabò Brea
503:, from whence the
367:Apollonius Rhodius
127:
1152:viii. 16, ix. 25.
634:
633:
626:
264:As a General Term
119:
118:
111:
93:
1387:
1356:
1344:
1328:
1307:
1306:
1288:
1270:
1269:
1255:
1252:Diodorus Siculus
1249:
1243:
1232:
1226:
1191:Diodorus Siculus
1183:
1177:
1171:
1165:
1159:
1153:
1143:
1137:
1123:
1117:
1111:
1105:
1092:
1086:
1080:
1074:
1064:
1058:
1052:
1046:
1040:
1034:
1024:
1018:
1009:
1003:
997:
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978:
972:
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937:
931:
917:
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901:
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836:
826:
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810:De lingua Latina
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741:
734:
728:
721:
710:
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629:
622:
618:
615:
609:
578:
570:
481:Diodorus Siculus
471:were destroyed.
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114:
107:
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94:
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51:
27:
19:
1395:
1394:
1390:
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1388:
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1384:
1360:
1359:
1342:"Aurunci"
1335:
1333:Further reading
1304:
1267:
1263:
1258:
1250:
1246:
1239:Ab Urbe Condita
1233:
1229:
1225:, vv. 910–929).
1187:Reggio Calabria
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1180:
1172:
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1160:
1156:
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1120:
1112:
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735:
731:
722:
718:
714:
713:
709:, p. 345).
700:
696:
691:
664:
654:In the park of
630:
619:
613:
610:
595:
579:
568:
512:Aeolian Islands
477:
467:, according to
421:In one passage
404:
380:
266:
213:
172:
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115:
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52:
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17:
12:
11:
5:
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1383:
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1380:Italic peoples
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1347:Chisholm, Hugh
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1331:
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1329:
1319:Smith, William
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1279:Smith, William
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1227:
1178:
1166:
1154:
1138:
1118:
1116:, p. 346.
1106:
1087:
1075:
1059:
1047:
1035:
1019:
1016:Aristot. l. c.
1004:
992:
973:
957:
945:
932:
912:
896:
884:
865:
853:
837:
821:
803:
791:
789:, p. 343.
774:
761:
759:, p. 345.
742:
729:
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712:
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632:
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505:Lipari Islands
476:
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403:
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275:Tyrrhenian Sea
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1201:VI, 255) and
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1196:
1193:, as also in
1192:
1189:according to
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1182:
1175:
1174:Bunbury 1854b
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1162:Bunbury 1854b
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1146:Bunbury 1854b
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1095:Bunbury 1854b
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1083:Bunbury 1854b
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1056:
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1044:
1043:Bunbury 1854b
1039:
1032:
1028:
1027:Bunbury 1854b
1023:
1017:
1013:
1012:Bunbury 1854b
1008:
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996:
989:
986:
985:Scymnus Chius
982:
981:Bunbury 1854b
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970:
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965:Bunbury 1854b
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795:
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787:Bunbury 1854a
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753:
751:
749:
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739:
733:
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708:
707:Bunbury 1854b
704:
703:Ausonhim Mare
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32:This article
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794:
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697:
656:Roccamonfina
653:
635:
620:
611:
596:Please help
584:
548:
509:
478:
447:against the
442:
435:
420:
405:
381:
365:in Lucania.
327:
295:
271:Mare Inferum
270:
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259:
245:
214:
193:
173:
165:
130:
128:
105:
96:
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72:
65:
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41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1293:Attribution
1134:Varronianus
300:, occupied
181:Cassius Dio
1364:Categories
1261:References
1136:, pp.3, 4.
812:, VII, 26.
668:Aborigines
614:March 2013
554:I and II (
425:speaks of
414:until the
398:language.
388:Oenotrians
382:The first
310:Oenotrians
279:Beneventum
189:Campanians
69:newspapers
1315:"Ausones"
1275:"Aurunci"
1242:, IX, 25.
1223:Alexandra
1219:Lycophron
1031:Dionysius
877:Aristotle
835:vii. 727.
585:does not
556:Cassibile
552:Pantalica
487:, son of
457:Minturnae
339:Lycophron
291:Volscians
237:Hecataeus
225:Tyrrhenia
221:Aristotle
185:Volscians
99:June 2014
58:"Ausones"
1313:(1854).
1203:Tauriano
882:vii. 10.
804:—
662:See also
649:Campania
540:Campania
465:Sinuessa
445:Samnites
438:Calabria
412:Campania
335:Saturnia
331:Hesperia
314:Pelasgic
302:Campania
298:Samnites
247:Polybius
233:Campania
201:Campania
187:and the
1349:(ed.).
1321:(ed.).
1281:(ed.).
1215:Crotone
1211:Pelleni
988:Perieg.
969:Ausonia
833:ad Aen.
673:Aurunci
606:removed
591:sources
524:Ulysses
501:Liparus
497:Calypso
489:Ulysses
418:river.
392:Iapyges
378:History
363:Crathis
355:Etruria
306:Samnium
251:Opicans
205:Aurunci
177:Servius
151:Aurunci
143:Italian
139:Αὔσονες
131:Ausones
83:scholar
1308:
1271:
1199:Strabo
1195:Temesa
1130:Lexil.
1099:Vergil
1033:i. 22.
544:Sicily
536:Lipari
532:Lipara
530:site,
516:Aeolus
461:Vescia
453:Ausona
449:Romans
351:Agylla
347:Apulia
287:Strabo
255:Oscans
217:Oscans
197:Latium
147:Ausoni
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
1345:. In
1317:. In
1277:. In
1071:Alex.
910:Νῶλα.
807:Varr.
689:Notes
637:Cales
520:Homer
495:(or
493:Circe
485:Auson
431:Liris
427:Cales
408:Lazio
384:Greek
359:Cumae
312:, or
162:Usage
90:JSTOR
76:books
1370:Osci
1254:V,7.
1235:Livy
1207:Cato
1150:Livy
1102:Aen.
990:226.
880:Pol.
851:. 2.
816:See
678:Osci
589:any
587:cite
491:and
469:Livy
463:and
423:Livy
416:Sele
410:and
390:and
343:Arpi
333:and
253:and
241:Nola
199:and
62:news
600:by
562:).
542:to
353:in
345:in
133:" (
45:by
1366::
1221:,
926:.
849:Fr
777:^
745:^
647:,
546:.
459:,
455:,
440:.
349:,
293:.
281:.
207:.
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141:;
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924:l
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727:.
643:(
627:)
621:(
616:)
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608:.
594:.
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106:(
101:)
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87:·
80:·
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66:·
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