278:
639:
217:
494:
627:
615:
506:
545:
models (PL50-6) used
Hotchkiss' 3.5-liter six, producing 90 hp (66 kW), and were frequently used as fire trucks. Most of the range used the same 2.3-liter four, producing 62 hp (46 kW) - this later increased to 65 hp (48 kW) and then 70 hp (51 kW) by 1962. The first diesel-engined Hotchkiss truck was the PL50D (and DL with the long wheelbase); this was fitted with a severely underpowered, dieselized derivative of the 2.3-liter four; as it was unreliable as well, most users swapped for Perkins engines and Hotchkiss themselves soon followed suit. The more powerful
603:
205:
302:
482:
435:, Hotchkiss still lost money on every car sold. Sales in general were falling, and on reaching his 65th birthday in 1949 Ainsworth retired, to be succeeded in the top job by Maurice de Gary. The Peugeot family sold their interest in the company. Coupé and cabriolet versions of the Hotchkiss Grégoire were announced in 1951; handmade by Chapron these were considerably more expensive. Sales and profitability did not improve, and production stopped in 1952 after only 247 had been made, including seven each of the two-door models.
470:
314:
458:
236:
290:
25:
122:
529:, for two tonnes' payload. The 2.3-liter four-cylinder engine was retained, producing 60 hp (44 kW) at 3,000 rpm; this successful model also benefitted from hydraulic brakes. Hotchkiss trucks were all right-hand drive until March 1951, when this was changed to the more typical location on the left. In 1952 the payload was increased to 2.5 t (2.8 short tons) and the name was accordingly changed to
439:
production to a complete standstill in 1952. Hotchkiss produced 230 cars of all their models in 1953. In 1955 Citroën introduced the DS19 and
Peugeot its 403. Aside from the Grégoire design, Hotchkiss could only offer pre-war designs. Export sales were limited by the failure to provide left-hand-drive cars. One of Hotchkiss' last public acts was displaying a
183:
The first
Hotchkiss car, a 17 CV four-cylinder model, appeared in 1903. The engine of the 20 CV type C was heavily based on the Mercedes Simplex except that wherever possible it used ball bearings rather than plain ones (including the crankshaft) and except the Hotchkiss drive. Six-cylinder
544:
was introduced in 1956, replacing the PL25. The new range was updated with new front fenders, incorporating the headlights. At first, the facelifted model used the rounded grille from the PL20, but once the existing stock of parts were used up, the PL50 switched to a flatter grille. The six-cylinder
438:
Hotchkiss had made 2,700 cars in 1951. The Grégoire design had integral construction, independent suspension all round, a 2.2 Litre flat-four engine and front wheel drive. Claimed top speed was 95 mph. Buyers did not welcome its smooth shape nor the high price. Endless teething troubles brought
407:
After the war, car production resumed only slowly with fewer than 100 cars produced in each of 1946 and 1947, but by 1948 things were moving a little more rapidly with 460 Hotchkiss cars produced that year. This volume of output was wholly insufficient to carry the company, although truck production
395:
itself had been operating, grudgingly, under overall German control since the summer of 1940. In any event, in July 1942 Peugeot took a controlling share in the
Hotchkiss business, and towards the end of 1942 the names of Peugeot and Jordan were listed as members of the Hotchkiss board. There is no
266:
The AM models were replaced by a new range in 1933 with a new naming system. The 411 was an 11CV model with four-cylinder engine, the 413 a 13CV four and the 615, 617 and 620 were similar six-cylinder types. The 1936 686, which replaced the 620, was available as the high-performance Grand Sport and
259:
In 1926 construction of the new factory in the
Boulevard Ornano was completed and in 1929 Hotchkiss got hold of a steel press allowing in-house manufacture of steel bodies. The one model policy lasted until 1929 when the six-cylinder AM73 and AM80 models were announced. "73" and "80" stood for the
370:
left these efforts looking somewhat irrelevant, and most of the employees drifted back in the ensuing weeks. Two exceptions were the
Commercial Director, Jacques Jacobsen, and the English-born General Director, Henry Ainsworth, both of whom managed to avoid capture and to leave France. During the
412:
that enabled the company to stagger on as a car producer slightly more convincingly than some of France's other luxury car makers, at least until the mid-1950s. The cars that represented the business in the second half of the 1940s were essentially the company's prewar designs. The 2,312 cc
390:
to a meeting, and invited them to study the possibility of taking a controlling share in the
Hotchkiss business. The suggestion from Lehideux derived from a German law dated 18 October 1940 authorising the confiscation of businesses controlled by Jews. The
251:
After an attempt to enter the luxury market with the AK, which did not get beyond the prototype stage, the company decided on a one model policy and introduced the
Coventry designed AM in 1923. Later that year the Coventry plant was sold to
525:(PLL in the case of the long wheelbase model), 163 examples had been built by the time production was halted in June 1940 due to the outbreak of war. After the war, this was updated with an all-steel cab in 1946, becoming the
614:
658:, another French luxury car brand, in July 1954. The company immediately discontinued passenger car production under the Delahaye brand, and the last Hotchkiss passenger car was built the next year. The resulting Société
588:, for "Ferguson France, 30 horsepower". FF-30 production ended in 1958, after nearly 29,000 had been built. Standard was also in negotiations for purchasing the Hotchkiss plant outright, with an eye to building the
556:
French offroad specialists
Herwaythorn S.A. also offered a four-wheel-drive conversion of the PL/DH. This was fitted with the Dunlop Pneuride air suspension front and rear, with the air bellows placed at the end of
365:
and then further towards the south, as employees desperately tried to keep information on the military production out of the hands of the
Germans. However, the national capitulation implicit in the signing of the
910:
144:
brand after the war. Hotchkiss went through a number of mergers and takeovers after the war and the brand disappeared in the 1970s; its successor companies went on to eventually form the partially state-owned
216:
420:, was available on the 1350 (renamed from the 486) and 2050 (686) chassis. The high-end Anthéor cabriolet was added in 1952. Some Anthéor and Anjou models were coachbuilt by Swiss coachbuilder
413:
four-cylinder car was now branded as the Hotchkiss 864 while the six-cylinder car was badged as the Hotchkiss 680 with a 3,016 cc engine or as the Hotchkiss 686 with the 3,485 cc engine.
256:. Henry Mann Ainsworth (1884–1971) and Alfred Herbert Wilde (1889 - 1930), who had run it, moved to Paris to become general manager and chief engineer of the car division respectively.
277:
553:(whose French plant was also in Saint-Denis), the 4.192, producing 60 hp (44 kW). From about 1964 there was also a 6 t (6.6 short tons) version, called the PL55/DH55.
963:
198:, England. Car production resumed in France 1919 with the pre war types AD, AD6, AF and AG. During World War I, they produced machine guns and tested them from the factory roof.
1068:
725:
was picked up by Hotchkiss' erstwhile subsidiary Sofia ("(la Société Financière Industrie et Automobile"), while the petrol truck engine manufacturing line was transferred to
626:
271:
in 1932, 1933, 1934, 1939, 1949 and 1950. The new naming scheme introduced in 1936 consisted of the number of cylinders, followed by the bore of the engine (in millimetres).
263:
Although most cars had bodies that were factory built, Hotchkiss still was a luxury car brand, and so coachbuilder Veth and Sons built a small number of bodies for the AM80.
698:
project was cancelled in 1976. Thomson-CSF, however, did keep using Hothkiss' crossed cannon emblem on their military vehicles. Thomson-CSF was nationalized in 1982 to form
493:
1231:
918:
638:
1033:
396:
evidence of any attempt to combine the operations of the two businesses, however: after the war Peugeot would in due course relinquish their holding in Hotchkiss.
691:
371:
war, like many businesses in the occupied (northern) zone, the company was obliged to work for the occupiers and was engaged in the repair of military vehicles.
140:. The badge for the marque showed a pair of crossed cannons, evoking the company's history as an arms manufacturer. Hotchkiss also briefly built cars under the
1206:
353:
in May 1940 they were still working through the order. However, as the military situation deteriorated the decision was taken, on 20 May 1940, to abandon the
1138:
521:
Hotchkiss built its first truck in 1936, equipped with the 2,312 cc overhead-valve four-cylinder engine familiar from the 486 passenger car. Called the
694:, becoming Thomson-CSF. The Hotchkiss name disappeared in the 1970s as truck manufacturing ended at the end of 1970 and was gone completely when the later
505:
383:
717:. Hotchkiss' independent activities were wound up on 31 December 1970. Civilian truck manufacture was halted, arms manufacture and the Hotchkiss P4R
187:
The ball bearing engines lasted until the 30CV type X of 1910. In that same year Hotchkiss moved into a smaller car market with the 2212cc type Z.
1092:
992:
392:
710:
1216:
971:
1078:
620:
The PL25 (here a 1955 PL25L) differed from the earlier PL20 by having slightly smaller headlamps, mounted further back and more apart
89:
537:
in June 1952 and the longer, 3.8-metre (150 in) wheelbase PL25L in January 1953. The PL25 was kept in production until 1964.
399:
With liberation in 1944, Ainsworth returned, and production restarted in 1946 with the pre-war cars, a light truck and a tractor.
61:
1241:
42:
301:
68:
165:
and other pioneering companies and in 1903 they went on to make complete engines. Encouraged by two major car distributors,
157:
The company's first entry into car making came from orders for engine components such as crankshafts which were supplied to
1211:
408:
was a little more successful with more than 2,300 produced in 1948, and it was support from the truck volumes and from the
788:
709:
The plant in Stains was sold in 1969; the Jeep production tooling had already been transferred to Spanish Jeep subsidiary
1161:
1041:
770:
584:("Little Grey") in France. In January 1957, the model reached full local parts content and was accordingly renamed the
313:
75:
1236:
481:
108:
662:
briefly built trucks under the combined brand but soon retired the Delahaye name, while replacing production of the
1146:
1115:
714:
683:
533:. The PL25 retained the PL20's 3.3 m (130 in) wheelbase. The range was supplemented by the six-cylinder
367:
357:
plant which by now was fully concentrated on war production. There was a disorderly evacuation, initially towards
57:
337:. With re-armament speeding up they also started making military vehicles and light tanks. When France declared
686:
in 1966, becoming the "Compagnie française Thomson-Houston-Hotchkiss-Brandt" which was soon thereafter renamed
577:
354:
349:
and H39 tanks powered by six-cylinder motors of respectively 3.5 and 6 litres capacity, and at the time of the
204:
133:
46:
674:
which was manufactured until 1966. In 1956 the company was taken over by weapons and home goods manufacturer
1093:"La LĂ©gende Ferguson TE-20 "Petit Gris" & FF-30 "Ventre Rouge" 60th Anniversary Limited Combination Kit"
602:
169:
of London and Fournier of Paris, Hotchkiss decided to start making their own range of cars and purchased a
596:, north of Paris, for their next generation of tractors, and thus the Standard connection came to an end.
136:, Paris between 1903 and 1955 and trucks between 1936 and 1970. It was a subsidiary of the French company
1226:
911:"Automotive History: French Deadly Sins (First Batch) – 1951-54 Hotchkiss-Grégoire: Hotchkiss Of Death"
1100:
448:
457:
432:
235:
469:
82:
1000:
580:
plant. Between 1953 and 1957, Standard-Hotchkiss built over 37,000 TE20 tractors there, nicknamed
431:
entered production in 1951 but it was very expensive - coming in at more than twice the cost of a
35:
427:
In 1948 Hotchkiss had bought the rights to the Grégoire front-wheel-drive car and the resulting
1221:
569:
421:
330:
289:
329:
The armament side of the company and the body stamping plant were nationalised in 1936 by the
260:
bore of the engines used, a naming theme picked up again later in 1936 after a brief hiatus.
428:
141:
375:
8:
1015:
440:
416:
The luxury automobile range was modernised in 1950 and a new car, the four-door saloon
766:
718:
387:
350:
268:
226:
177:
170:
166:
814:
447:, with an eye towards assembling it in France, but Hotchkiss had already sold their
1073:
592:
in Paris, but the deal fell through. Massey-Ferguson chose to build a new plant in
444:
379:
338:
173:
137:
721:
delivery vehicle were transferred to Brandt. The provision of spare parts for the
687:
550:
417:
362:
722:
675:
667:
589:
409:
222:
162:
267:
1937 Paris-Nice with twin carburettors and these allowed Hotchkiss to win the
1200:
1169:
573:
346:
253:
194:, the factory turned to war production and a subsidiary plant was opened in
703:
663:
146:
748:
695:
632:
1968 Hotchkiss DH80, from the tilt cab series built between 1964 and 1970
558:
342:
191:
1123:
891:
Bellu, René (2001). "Toutes les voitures françaises 1952 (Salon 1951)".
699:
562:
549:
used a 3,153 cc (192.4 cu in) four-cylinder engine from
568:
In 1951, Hotchkiss formed a joint venture with joint venture with the
671:
24:
738:
655:
593:
195:
726:
358:
334:
158:
121:
847:
Toutes les voitures françaises 1940 - 46 (Les années sans salon)
743:
499:
1951 Hotchkiss 20/50 Anjou four-door Cabriolet by Worblaufen
511:
The 1954 Hotchkiss Monceau never entered regular production
1077:. Vol. 116, no. 2982. p. 61. Archived from
871:
Toutes les voitures françaises 1948 (Salon Paris oct 1947)
995:[The heavyweights in the PL and DH series].
840:
838:
836:
834:
832:
830:
828:
826:
824:
1232:
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1903
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
341:, in September 1939, Hotchkiss were sitting on an
886:
884:
864:
862:
860:
821:
1198:
176:for inspiration. Georges Terasse, previously of
763:Hotchkiss, petit dictionnaire du "juste milieu"
881:
877:. Paris: Histoire & collections: 48. 1998.
857:
853:. Paris: Histoire & collections: 41. 2003.
333:government. The car company in 1937 took over
1207:Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of France
1040:(in French). Yalta Production. Archived from
987:
985:
983:
981:
943:
941:
283:1930 Hotchkiss AM2 (produced from 1926-1932)
184:models, the types L and O followed in 1907.
1116:"Les différents modèles de Ferguson TE 20"
978:
319:Hotchkiss 686 (produced from 1936 to 1952)
1176:
1139:"The tractor MF probably wants to forget"
1048:
958:
956:
938:
903:
540:The heavier, 5.5 t (6.1 short tons)
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1007:
968:Fondation de l'Automobile Marius Berliet
899:. Paris: Histoire & collections: 40.
690:. In 1968, this company was merged with
120:
1136:
1013:
993:"Les poids lourds des séries PL aux DH"
307:1935 Hotchkiss 617 Hossegor DĂ©capotable
246:
1199:
1113:
1085:
1069:"International Flavour at Paris Salon"
953:
644:Hotchkiss-built Ferguson TEA 20 (1954)
424:, including two four-door Cabriolets.
1153:
1107:
890:
815:"Alfred Herbert Wilde - Graces Guide"
649:
1066:
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
324:
13:
1217:Luxury motor vehicle manufacturers
1159:
765:, Paris: Editions Charles Massin,
402:
14:
1253:
1192:
1137:Roberts, Justin (July 23, 2021).
1067:Moon, John P. (12 October 1962).
1034:"Hotchkiss PL50-H6 G54 PS (1950)"
761:Tard, Daniel (October 15, 1994),
670:, a license-built version of the
1166:Andy's French Military Jeep Site
715:Thomson-Houston-Hotchkiss-Brandt
637:
625:
613:
601:
504:
492:
480:
468:
456:
451:plant and nothing came of this.
312:
300:
288:
276:
234:
229:, driving a Hotchkiss 35 hp
215:
203:
23:
1130:
1060:
1026:
487:Rear view of Hotchkiss Grégoire
378:, then a leading member of the
34:needs additional citations for
16:Former French automobile marque
925:
807:
781:
1:
1242:Truck manufacturers of France
964:"Hotchkiss Type PL 25 (1955)"
754:
682:. This firm then merged with
559:quarter-elliptic leaf springs
152:
1114:Schann, Denis (2005-08-11).
1018:[Hotchkiss Trucks].
1014:Renault, Alex (2022-10-22).
917:. 2022-12-20. Archived from
180:, was taken on as designer.
132:manufactured luxury cars in
7:
1212:Car manufacturers of France
1122:(in French). Archived from
1038:Guide Automobiles Anciennes
999:(in French). Archived from
970:(in French). Archived from
732:
10:
1258:
1162:"The Hotchkiss Jeep Story"
702:, eventually becoming the
1182:
1054:
947:
760:
516:
386:and his General Director
382:'s economic team, called
125:Hotchkiss logo on GS car.
1237:Sports car manufacturers
931:Lago America, page 168,
1016:"Les camions Hotchkiss"
935:magazine, February 1985
58:"Automobiles Hotchkiss"
570:Standard Motor Company
241:1912 Hotchkiss 12-16CV
223:Hubert and Mme Le Blon
126:
1020:l'Automobile Ancienne
295:1931 Hotchkiss Sports
190:With the outbreak of
130:Automobiles Hotchkiss
124:
654:Hotchkiss took over
463:1955 Hotchkiss Anjou
368:armistice on 22 June
247:Inter war production
43:improve this article
572:to manufacture the
384:Jean-Pierre Peugeot
210:1904 Hotchkiss 20CV
159:Panhard et Levassor
1227:Hotchkiss vehicles
660:Hotchkiss-Delahaye
650:Merger and closure
475:Hotchkiss Grégoire
429:Hotchkiss Grégoire
167:Mann & Overton
142:Hotchkiss Grégoire
127:
664:Delahaye VLR Jeep
376:François Lehideux
269:Monte Carlo Rally
227:1906 Targa Florio
119:
118:
111:
93:
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1186:
1180:
1174:
1173:
1168:. Archived from
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1145:. Archived from
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1099:. Archived from
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1074:Commercial Motor
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915:Curbside Classic
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680:Hotchkiss-Brandt
641:
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445:1969 Paris Salon
393:Peugeot business
345:order for 1,900
325:Second World War
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138:Hotchkiss et Cie
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869:"Automobilia".
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845:"Automobilia".
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719:Crotale missile
713:in a deal with
688:Thomson-Houston
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633:
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621:
618:
609:
606:
576:tractor in the
561:which acted as
519:
512:
509:
500:
497:
488:
485:
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410:Jeep based M201
405:
403:Post war models
351:German invasion
331:Front Populaire
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1194:
1193:External links
1191:
1188:
1187:
1175:
1172:on 2021-12-23.
1160:Carter, Andy.
1152:
1149:on 2021-10-18.
1129:
1126:on 2009-12-31.
1106:
1103:on 2021-01-26.
1084:
1081:on 2024-07-27.
1059:
1047:
1044:on 2023-09-22.
1025:
1006:
1003:on 2022-10-06.
997:Club Hotchkiss
977:
974:on 2022-12-06.
952:
937:
924:
921:on 2022-12-30.
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772:978-2707202499
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668:Hotchkiss M201
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608:Hotchkiss PL20
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1097:Model Roundup
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898:
895:(in French).
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789:"Index entry"
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583:
579:
575:
574:Ferguson TE20
571:
566:
564:
560:
554:
552:
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41:Please help
36:verification
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893:Automobilia
749:Talbot-Lago
696:Europa Jeep
678:, becoming
578:Saint-Denis
563:radius arms
355:Saint-Denis
192:World War I
134:Saint-Denis
1201:Categories
755:References
700:Thomson SA
582:Petit Gris
422:Worblaufen
380:government
153:Early cars
69:newspapers
1183:Tard 1994
1055:Tard 1994
950:, p. 173.
948:Tard 1994
723:M201 Jeep
672:Willys MB
666:with the
361:and then
1185:, p. 19.
1143:Agriland
1057:, p. 63.
739:Delahaye
733:See also
656:Delahaye
594:Beauvais
374:In 1941
196:Coventry
171:Mercedes
1120:Le Teuf
793:FreeBMD
727:Berliet
551:Perkins
443:at the
363:Moulins
359:Auxerre
335:Amilcar
225:at the
174:Simplex
83:scholar
799:28 May
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676:Brandt
523:486 PL
517:Trucks
449:Stains
254:Morris
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795:. ONS
711:Viasa
586:FF-30
418:Anjou
90:JSTOR
76:books
801:2012
767:ISBN
684:CFTH
547:DH50
542:PL50
535:PL26
531:PL25
527:PL20
343:army
178:Mors
62:news
692:CSF
347:H35
339:war
45:by
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