429:
current display systems are known to do so, and the upâdown effect is widely seen as less important than leftâright movement parallax. One consequence of not including parallax about both axes becomes more evident as objects increasingly distant from the plane of the display are presented: as the viewer moves closer to or farther away from the display, such objects will more obviously exhibit the effects of perspective shift about one axis but not the other, appearing variously stretched or squashed to a viewer not positioned at the optimal distance from the display.
29:
218:
804:(This crude English translation of Lippmann's 1908 paper will be more comprehensible if the reader bears in mind that "dark room" and "darkroom" are the translator's mistaken renderings of "chambre noire", the French equivalent of the Latin "camera obscura", and should be read as "camera" in the thirteen places where this error occurs.)
304:
were patented by Walter Hess in 1912. By replacing the line and space pairs in a simple parallax barrier with tiny cylindrical lenses, Hess avoided the light loss that dimmed images viewed by transmitted light and that made prints on paper unacceptably dark. An additional benefit is that the position
394:
has recently been introduced as a shorter synonym for the lengthy "multi-view autostereoscopic 3D display", as well as for the earlier, more specific "parallax panoramagram". The latter term originally indicated a continuous sampling along a horizontal line of viewpoints, e.g., image capture using a
242:
A parallax barrier is a device placed in front of an image source, such as a liquid crystal display, to allow it to show a stereoscopic image or multiscopic image without the need for the viewer to wear 3D glasses. The principle of the parallax barrier was independently invented by
Auguste Berthier,
428:
Some autostereoscopic displays, however, are multi-view displays, and are thus capable of providing the perception of leftâright movement parallax. Eight and sixteen views are typical for such displays. While it is theoretically possible to simulate the perception of upâdown movement parallax, no
254:
developed the electronic flat-panel application of this old technology to commercialization, briefly selling two laptops with the world's only 3D LCD screens. These displays are no longer available from Sharp but are still being manufactured and further developed from other companies. Similarly,
204:
that redirect imagery to several viewing regions; however, this manipulation requires reduced image resolutions. When the viewer's head is in a certain position, a different image is seen with each eye, giving a convincing illusion of 3D. Such displays can have multiple viewing zones, thereby
336:
displays. These architectures explore the co-design of optical elements and compressive computation while taking particular characteristics of the human visual system into account. Compressive display designs include dual and multilayer devices that are driven by algorithms such as
140:". There are two broad approaches currently used to accommodate motion parallax and wider viewing angles: eye-tracking, and multiple views so that the display does not need to sense where the viewer's eyes are located. Examples of autostereoscopic displays technology include
184:(Floating Image System) and the HHI. Nowadays, this technology has been developed further mainly by European and Japanese companies. One of the best-known 3D displays developed by HHI was the Free2C, a display with very high resolution and very good comfort achieved by an
176:, ranging from experimental displays in university departments to commercial products, and using a range of different technologies. The method of creating autostereoscopic flat panel video displays using lenses was mainly developed in 1985 by Reinhard Boerner at the
192:
has been used in a variety of systems in order to limit the number of displayed views to just two, or to enlarge the stereoscopic sweet spot. However, as this limits the display to a single viewer, it is not favored for consumer products.
297:, but the full realization of this potential requires a very large number of very small high-quality optical systems and very high bandwidth. Only relatively crude photographic and video implementations have yet been produced.
1094:
819:
417:
Movement parallax refers to the fact that the view of a scene changes with movement of the head. Thus, different images of the scene are seen as the head is moved from left to right, and from up to down.
292:
in 1908. Integral photography is capable of creating window-like autostereoscopic displays that reproduce objects and scenes life-size, with full parallax and perspective shift and even the depth cue of
132:
perception of 3D depth) without the use of special headgear, glasses, something that affects vision, or anything for eyes on the part of the viewer. Because headgear is not required, it is also called "
247:, who made and exhibited the first known functional autostereoscopic image in 1901. About two years later, Ives began selling specimen images as novelties, the first known commercial use.
324:'s company, StereoGraphics, produced displays based on the same idea, citing a much earlier patent for the slanted lenticulars. Magnetic3d and Zero Creative have also been involved.
1504:
1102:
824:, filed 1 June 1912, patented 16 February 1915. Hess filed several similar patent applications in Europe in 1911 and 1912, which resulted in several patents issued in 1912 and 1913.
332:
With rapid advances in optical fabrication, digital processing power, and computational models for human perception, a new generation of display technology is emerging: compressive
421:
Many autostereoscopic displays are single-view displays and are thus not capable of reproducing the sense of movement parallax, except for a single viewer in systems capable of
398:
Sunny Ocean
Studios, located in Singapore, has been credited with developing an automultiscopic screen that can display autostereo 3D images from 64 different reference points.
308:
Philips solved a significant problem with electronic displays in the mid-1990s by slanting the cylindrical lenses with respect to the underlying pixel grid. Based on this idea,
373:
display based on eye tracking. CubicVue exhibited a color filter pattern autostereoscopic display at the
Consumer Electronics Association's i-Stage competition in 2009.
599:
160:
displays are also autostereoscopic, as they produce a different image to each eye, although some do make a distinction between those types of displays that create a
409:, without compromising screen brightness or resolution; other advantages include a larger viewing angle and maintaining the 3D effect when the screen is rotated.
365:
Dimension
Technologies released a range of commercially available 2D/3D switchable LCDs in 2002 using a combination of parallax barriers and lenticular lenses.
395:
very large lens or a moving camera and a shifting barrier screen, but it later came to include synthesis from a relatively large number of discrete views.
2285:
2578:
405:
has been developed by researchers from MIT's Media Lab. It would consume half as much power, doubling the battery life if used with devices like the
305:
of the observer is less restricted, as the substitution of lenses is geometrically equivalent to narrowing the spaces in a line-and-space barrier.
1476:
288:
The principle of integral photography, which uses a two-dimensional (XâY) array of many small lenses to capture a 3-D scene, was introduced by
849:
van Berkel, Cees (1997). Fisher, Scott S; Merritt, John O; Bolas, Mark T (eds.). "Characterisation and optimisation of 3D-LCD module design".
712:
499:
Holliman, N. S., Dodgson, N. A., Favalora, G. E., & Pockett, L. (2011). Three-dimensional displays: a review and applications analysis.
2021:
2232:
687:
549:
901:
205:
allowing multiple users to view the image at the same time, though they may also exhibit dead zones where only a non-stereoscopic or
255:
Hitachi has released the first 3D mobile phone for the
Japanese market under distribution by KDDI. In 2009, Fujifilm released the
1150:
1988:
1329:
357:
Tools for the instant conversion of existing 3D movies to autostereoscopic were demonstrated by Dolby, Stereolabs and Viva3D.
2205:
1531:
1221:
1179:
738:
2504:
2279:
2220:
2353:
1422:
516:
2552:
1481:
1485:, a demonstration of Autostereoscopy using a spinning mirror, a holographic diffuser, and a high speed video projector
2267:
2226:
1312:
562:
342:
1499:
2623:
2589:
2272:
2014:
1852:
1302:
1628:
1344:
438:
161:
951:"Content-adaptive parallax barriers: optimizing dual-layer 3D displays using low-rank light field factorization"
259:
digital camera, which features a built-in autostereoscopic LCD measuring 2.8 in (71 mm) diagonal. The
2291:
2261:
2088:
2562:
2557:
2547:
2435:
1794:
1059:"Tensor Displays: Compressive Light Field Synthesis using Multilayer Displays with Directional Backlighting"
2164:
1804:
987:"Layered 3D: Tomographic Image Synthesis for Attenuation-based Light Field and High Dynamic Range Displays"
33:
Comparison of parallax-barrier and lenticular autostereoscopic displays. Note: The figure is not to scale.
2618:
2007:
256:
986:
437:
Autostereoscopic displays display stereoscopic content without matching focal depth, thereby exhibiting
2347:
2077:
2071:
1957:
2483:
2194:
1819:
1814:
1578:
1524:
1022:
614:
1151:"Viva3D Real-time Stereo Vision: Stereo conversion & depth determination with mixed 3D graphics"
1079:
1043:
1007:
971:
814:
180:(HHI) in Berlin. Prototypes of single-viewer displays were already being presented in the 1990s, by
2385:
2188:
1915:
1809:
1646:
1383:
716:
2391:
1887:
1882:
1731:
77:
1471:
1238:
627:
Berthier, Auguste. (May 16 and 23, 1896). "Images stéréoscopiques de grand format" (in French).
2488:
2238:
2153:
1779:
1774:
1583:
1505:
Diffraction
Influence on the Field of View and Resolution of Three-Dimensional Integral Imaging
1378:
923:
2375:
2369:
2332:
2038:
1066:
1030:
994:
958:
568:
1239:"SeeReal Technologies Exhibits Holographic 3D Video Display, Targeting Market Debut in 2009"
2608:
2380:
2254:
1671:
1603:
1517:
1369:
Dodgson, N.A.; Moore, J. R.; Lang, S. R. (1999). "Multi-View
Autostereoscopic 3D Display".
893:
858:
769:
366:
244:
16:
Any method of displaying stereoscopic images without the use of special headgear or glasses
1124:
8:
2613:
2526:
2430:
2337:
2181:
2108:
1759:
1711:
1706:
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676:
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294:
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28:
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482:
377:
263:
225:
177:
153:
64:
661:
2521:
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2249:
1877:
1784:
1598:
1588:
1563:
1396:
1308:
1217:
838:. Milestone Series. Vol. MS 162. SPIE Optical Engineering Press. p. xx-xxi.
558:
474:
251:
1408:
1058:
878:
486:
2573:
2312:
2114:
2060:
1942:
1935:
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1593:
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1388:
866:
657:
466:
381:
301:
289:
279:
267:
237:
229:
201:
149:
145:
129:
1183:
2478:
2468:
2176:
1799:
1686:
1608:
389:
283:
197:
141:
2082:
2030:
1925:
1656:
1558:
924:"xyZ 3D Displays - Autostereoscopic 3D TV - 3D LCD - 3D Plasma - No Glasses 3D"
760:
Lippmann, G. (2 March 1908). "Ăpreuves rĂ©versibles. Photographies intĂ©grales".
380:, in which the reconstructed light field occupies a true volume of space, and
2602:
1983:
1947:
1872:
1847:
1769:
1764:
1509:
1429:
1400:
523:
478:
1930:
1837:
894:"Philips' 3D HDTV Might Destroy Space-Time Continuum, Wallets - Gadget Lab"
422:
406:
321:
260:
222:
189:
185:
1216:(Hardcover). Vol. 2. New York: Wiley & Sons. pp. 1327â1344.
950:
2447:
2410:
2131:
1962:
1789:
1721:
1651:
1540:
1023:"Polarization Fields: Dynamic Light Field Display using Multi-Layer LCDs"
1020:
984:
333:
206:
125:
43:
1423:"Resolving the Vergence-Accommodation Conflict in Head-Mounted Displays"
1392:
1021:
Lanman, D.; Wetzstein, G.; Hirsch, M.; Heidrich, W.; Raskar, R. (2011).
517:"Resolving the Vergence-Accommodation Conflict in Head-Mounted Displays"
470:
412:
266:
family uses a parallax barrier for 3D imagery; on a newer revision, the
228:
family uses a parallax barrier for 3D imagery; on a newer revision, the
2425:
2420:
2402:
2342:
1867:
1862:
1726:
1716:
1691:
1676:
1666:
1613:
1544:
1056:
370:
173:
157:
54:
1495:
Behind-the-scenes video about production for autostereoscopic displays
870:
2542:
2516:
2473:
2463:
2169:
2066:
1999:
1260:
594:
74:
645:
2244:
2215:
2055:
1967:
1952:
1910:
1905:
1488:
778:
Reprinted in Benton "Selected Papers on Three-Dimensional
Displays"
352:
217:
181:
113:
110:
817:, Hess, Walter, "Stereoscopic picture", published 1915
666:
Reprinted in Benton "Selected Papers n Three-Dimensional
Displays"
2509:
2159:
2124:
1920:
1857:
1842:
948:
376:
There are a variety of other autostereo systems as well, such as
309:
2143:
346:
1461:
243:
who published first but produced no practical results, and by
2119:
1494:
457:
Dodgson, N.A. (August 2005). "Autostereoscopic 3D Displays".
317:
313:
273:
1466:
1214:
Encyclopedia of
Imaging Science and Technology, 2 Volume Set
985:
Wetzstein, G.; Lanman, D.; Heidrich, W.; Raskar, R. (2011).
2137:
1456:
402:
320:(a resolution of 3840Ă2160 pixels) with 46 viewing angles.
188:
system and a seamless mechanical adjustment of the lenses.
107:
97:
87:
1207:"Stereo & 3D Display Technologies, Display Technology"
1057:
Wetzstein, G.; Lanman, D.; Hirsch, M.; Raskar, R. (2012).
1095:"NAB 2014 â Dolby 3D Details Partnership with Stereolabs"
853:. Stereoscopic Displays and Virtual Reality Systems IV.
1345:"Better glasses-free 3-D: A fundamentally new approach"
1125:"Viva3D autostereo output for glasses-free 3D monitors"
401:
A fundamentally new approach to autostereoscopy called
927:
1483:
Rendering for an Interactive 360° Light Field Display
413:
Movement parallax: single view vs. multi-view systems
1300:
949:
Lanman, D.; Hirsch, M.; Kim, Y.; Raskar, R. (2010).
2286:
Thick-film dielectric electroluminescent technology
1477:
Overview of different Autostereoscopic LCD displays
327:
172:Many organizations have developed autostereoscopic
1330:"Sunny Ocean Studios Fulfills No-Glasses 3D Dream"
432:
2579:Comparison of CRT, LCD, plasma, and OLED displays
1500:3D Without Glasses - The Future of 3D Technology?
1284:"Nintendo Says Next-Gen DS Will Add a 3D Display"
787:
2600:
1368:
353:Autostereoscopic content creation and conversion
270:, this is combined with an eye tracking system.
1092:
1025:. ACM Transactions on Graphics (SIGGRAPH Asia).
739:"Hitachi Comes Up with 3.1-Inch 3D IPS Display"
232:, this is combined with an eye tracking system.
1539:
1180:"Review : Dimension Technologies 2015XLS"
1148:
713:"Woooă±ăŒăżă€ H001 - 2009ćčŽ - èŁœćăąăŒă«ă€ă - au by KDDI"
2015:
1525:
836:Selected Papers on Three-Dimensional Displays
813:
2233:Surface-conduction electron-emitter display
1472:Explanation of 3D Autostereoscopic Monitors
595:"3D-Bildprojektion in Linsenrasterschirmen"
196:Currently, most flat-panel displays employ
2144:Active-Matrix Organic light-emitting diode
2022:
2008:
1532:
1518:
1204:
1061:. ACM Transactions on Graphics (SIGGRAPH).
989:. ACM Transactions on Graphics (SIGGRAPH).
848:
634:(590, 591): 205â210, 227-233 (see 229-231)
274:Integral photography and lenticular arrays
27:
1382:
790:"Reversible Prints. Integral Photographs"
762:Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences
1342:
759:
547:
216:
1236:
891:
592:
456:
2601:
2029:
1989:Stereoscopic Displays and Applications
1281:
1205:McAllister, David F. (February 2002).
833:
2003:
1513:
1177:
384:, which uses a fly's-eye lens array.
2280:Ferroelectric liquid crystal display
1301:Tomas Akenine-Moller, Tomas (2006).
1237:Ooshita, Junichi (25 October 2007).
643:
2354:Light-emitting electrochemical cell
1428:. 22 September 2022. Archived from
1327:
741:. News.softpedia.com. 12 April 2010
522:. 22 September 2022. Archived from
212:
13:
2553:Large-screen television technology
1328:Pop, Sebastian (3 February 2010).
1263:. I-stage.ce.org. 22 February 1999
61:Main technologies or sub-processes
14:
2635:
2227:Organic light-emitting transistor
1450:
1093:Chinnock, Chris (11 April 2014).
650:Journal of the Franklin Institute
551:Three-Dimensional Display Systems
501:IEEE transactions on Broadcasting
343:Non-negative matrix factorization
2590:Comparison of display technology
904:from the original on 3 June 2010
892:Fermoso, Jose (1 October 2008).
693:from the original on 30 May 2008
618:, issue 93 (April 1997), page 22
328:Compressive light field displays
2221:Electroluminescent Quantum Dots
1629:Vergence-accommodation conflict
1415:
1362:
1336:
1321:
1307:. A K Peters, Ltd. p. 73.
1294:
1282:Heater, Brian (23 March 2010).
1275:
1253:
1230:
1198:
1171:
1142:
1117:
1086:
1050:
1014:
978:
942:
916:
885:
842:
827:
807:
781:
753:
731:
705:
439:vergence-accommodation conflict
433:Vergence-accommodation conflict
316:line until 2009, running up to
162:vergence-accommodation conflict
2292:Laser-powered phosphor display
1343:Hardesty, Larry (4 May 2011).
1212:. In Hornak, Joseph P. (ed.).
669:
637:
621:
607:
586:
541:
509:
493:
450:
209:image can be seen, if at all.
1:
2558:Optimum HDTV viewing distance
2548:History of display technology
2436:Computer-generated holography
1795:Stereo photography techniques
1261:"CubicVue LLC : i-stage"
715:. Au.kddi.com. Archived from
662:10.1016/S0016-0032(02)90195-X
444:
167:
2138:Organic light-emitting diode
2132:Light-emitting diode display
1805:Stereoscopic depth rendition
124:is any method of displaying
7:
1182:. BlueSmoke. Archived from
1178:Smith, Tom (14 June 2002).
677:"2D/3D Switchable Displays"
10:
2640:
2348:Vacuum fluorescent display
2072:Electroluminescent display
926:. Xyz3d.tv. Archived from
644:Ives, Frederic E. (1902).
300:One-dimensional arrays of
277:
235:
2587:
2535:
2497:
2456:
2401:
2305:
2204:
2195:Liquid crystal on silicon
2099:
2046:
2037:
1976:
1896:
1828:
1820:Stereoscopic video coding
1815:Stereoscopic spectroscopy
1750:
1637:
1579:Convergence insufficiency
1551:
1304:Rendering Techniques 2006
788:Frédo Durand; MIT CSAIL.
615:Electronic Gaming Monthly
103:
93:
83:
70:
60:
50:
38:
26:
2386:Fourteen-segment display
2189:Digital Light Processing
1916:Fujifilm FinePix Real 3D
1853:3D-enabled mobile phones
1810:Stereoscopic rangefinder
1647:Active shutter 3D system
834:Benton, Stephen (2001).
600:Fernseh- und Kinotechnik
360:
178:Heinrich Hertz Institute
2624:Photographic techniques
2392:Sixteen-segment display
2078:Rear-projection display
1888:Virtual reality headset
1883:Stereoscopic video game
1732:Virtual retinal display
548:Holliman, N.S. (2006).
164:and those that do not.
2239:Field-emission display
2154:Liquid-crystal display
1780:Multiview Video Coding
1775:Computer stereo vision
1584:Correspondence problem
1074:Cite journal requires
1038:Cite journal requires
1002:Cite journal requires
966:Cite journal requires
233:
2376:Eight-segment display
2370:Seven-segment display
220:
42:Method of displaying
2498:Display capabilities
2381:Nine-segment display
2083:Plasma display panel
1672:Head-mounted display
1604:Kinetic depth effect
1435:on 22 September 2022
1149:Robin C. Colclough.
646:"A novel stereogram"
593:Boerner, R. (1985).
529:on 22 September 2022
367:SeeReal Technologies
250:In the early 2000s,
51:Industrial sector(s)
2527:See-through display
2431:Holographic display
2109:Quantum dot display
1760:2D to 3D conversion
1712:Specular holography
1707:Polarized 3D system
1624:Stereoscopic acuity
1619:Stereopsis recovery
1393:10.1109/MC.2005.252
863:1997SPIE.3012..179V
774:1908BSBA...13A.245D
471:10.1109/MC.2005.252
339:computed tomography
23:
2619:Display technology
2569:Color Light Output
2563:High Dynamic Range
2365:Dot-matrix display
2360:Lightguide display
2031:Display technology
1742:Wiggle stereoscopy
1737:Volumetric display
1702:Parallax scrolling
378:volumetric display
302:cylindrical lenses
264:video game console
257:FinePix Real 3D W1
234:
226:video game console
65:Display technology
21:
2596:
2595:
2522:Always-on display
2313:Electromechanical
2301:
2300:
1997:
1996:
1958:Sharp Actius RD3D
1878:Stereo microscope
1785:Parallax scanning
1599:Epipolar geometry
1589:Peripheral vision
1564:Binocular rivalry
1223:978-0-471-33276-3
871:10.1117/12.274456
684:Sharp white paper
345:and non-negative
202:parallax barriers
198:lenticular lenses
119:
118:
94:Year of invention
84:Leading companies
2631:
2574:Flexible display
2536:Related articles
2416:Autostereoscopic
2115:Electronic paper
2061:Cathode-ray tube
2044:
2043:
2024:
2017:
2010:
2001:
2000:
1943:Nvidia 3D Vision
1697:Parallax barrier
1682:Integral imaging
1594:Depth perception
1574:Chromostereopsis
1569:Binocular vision
1534:
1527:
1520:
1511:
1510:
1487:demonstrated at
1445:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1434:
1427:
1419:
1413:
1412:
1386:
1366:
1360:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1325:
1319:
1318:
1298:
1292:
1291:
1279:
1273:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1257:
1251:
1250:
1248:
1246:
1234:
1228:
1227:
1211:
1202:
1196:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1175:
1169:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1155:
1146:
1140:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1121:
1115:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1105:on 23 April 2014
1101:. Archived from
1090:
1084:
1083:
1077:
1072:
1070:
1062:
1054:
1048:
1047:
1041:
1036:
1034:
1026:
1018:
1012:
1011:
1005:
1000:
998:
990:
982:
976:
975:
969:
964:
962:
954:
946:
940:
939:
937:
935:
930:on 20 April 2010
920:
914:
913:
911:
909:
889:
883:
882:
846:
840:
839:
831:
825:
823:
822:
818:
811:
805:
803:
801:
799:
794:
785:
779:
777:
757:
751:
750:
748:
746:
735:
729:
728:
726:
724:
709:
703:
702:
700:
698:
692:
681:
673:
667:
665:
641:
635:
625:
619:
611:
605:
604:
590:
584:
583:
581:
579:
573:
567:. Archived from
556:
545:
539:
538:
536:
534:
528:
521:
513:
507:
497:
491:
490:
454:
382:integral imaging
369:has developed a
290:Gabriel Lippmann
280:Integral imaging
268:New Nintendo 3DS
245:Frederic E. Ives
238:Parallax barrier
230:New Nintendo 3DS
213:Parallax barrier
150:integral imaging
146:parallax barrier
78:stereoscopic 3-D
31:
24:
20:
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2479:Slide projector
2469:Movie projector
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2028:
1998:
1993:
1972:
1898:
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1830:
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1800:Stereoautograph
1752:
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1687:Lenticular lens
1662:Autostereoscopy
1639:
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1609:Stereoblindness
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390:automultiscopic
363:
355:
349:factorization.
330:
286:
284:Lenticular lens
278:Main articles:
276:
240:
215:
170:
142:lenticular lens
134:glasses-free 3D
128:images (adding
122:Autostereoscopy
34:
22:Autostereoscopy
17:
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11:
5:
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2255:Liquid crystal
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2039:Video displays
2035:
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2019:
2012:
2004:
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1926:MasterImage 3D
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1717:Stereo display
1714:
1709:
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1694:
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1657:Autostereogram
1654:
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1559:3D stereo view
1555:
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1479:
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1459:
1452:
1451:External links
1449:
1447:
1446:
1414:
1384:10.1.1.42.7623
1361:
1335:
1320:
1313:
1293:
1274:
1252:
1229:
1222:
1197:
1170:
1141:
1116:
1085:
1076:|journal=
1049:
1040:|journal=
1013:
1004:|journal=
977:
968:|journal=
941:
915:
884:
841:
826:
806:
780:
768:(9): 446â451.
752:
730:
704:
668:
636:
620:
606:
585:
574:on 4 July 2010
563:
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508:
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448:
446:
443:
434:
431:
414:
411:
362:
359:
354:
351:
329:
326:
275:
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236:Main article:
214:
211:
169:
166:
138:glassesless 3D
117:
116:
105:
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81:
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2051:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2025:
2020:
2018:
2013:
2011:
2006:
2005:
2002:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1984:Stereographer
1982:
1981:
1979:
1975:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1948:Panavision 3D
1946:
1944:
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1873:Stereo camera
1871:
1869:
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1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1848:3D television
1846:
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1773:
1771:
1770:2D-plus-depth
1768:
1766:
1765:2D plus Delta
1763:
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1749:
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1424:
1418:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1371:IEEE Computer
1365:
1350:
1346:
1339:
1331:
1324:
1316:
1314:9781568813516
1310:
1306:
1305:
1297:
1289:
1285:
1278:
1262:
1256:
1240:
1233:
1225:
1219:
1215:
1208:
1201:
1186:on 1 May 2011
1185:
1181:
1174:
1159:
1152:
1145:
1130:
1126:
1120:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1089:
1081:
1068:
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1045:
1032:
1024:
1017:
1009:
996:
988:
981:
973:
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919:
903:
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872:
868:
864:
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852:
845:
837:
830:
816:
810:
791:
784:
775:
771:
767:
763:
756:
740:
734:
719:on 4 May 2010
718:
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689:
685:
678:
672:
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647:
640:
633:
630:
624:
617:
616:
610:
602:
601:
596:
589:
570:
566:
564:0-7503-0646-7
560:
553:
552:
544:
525:
518:
512:
506:(2), 362-371.
505:
502:
496:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
459:IEEE Computer
453:
449:
442:
440:
430:
426:
424:
419:
410:
408:
404:
399:
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372:
368:
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350:
348:
344:
340:
335:
325:
323:
319:
315:
312:produced its
311:
306:
303:
298:
296:
295:accommodation
291:
285:
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271:
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258:
253:
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224:
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165:
163:
159:
155:
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109:
106:
102:
99:
96:
92:
89:
86:
82:
79:
76:
73:
69:
66:
63:
59:
56:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
30:
25:
19:
2484:Transparency
2457:Static media
2415:
2411:Stereoscopic
1931:Nintendo 3DS
1838:3D camcorder
1753:technologies
1661:
1640:technologies
1482:
1439:22 September
1437:. Retrieved
1430:the original
1417:
1377:(8): 31â36.
1374:
1370:
1364:
1352:. Retrieved
1348:
1338:
1332:. Softpedia.
1323:
1303:
1296:
1287:
1277:
1265:. Retrieved
1255:
1243:. Retrieved
1232:
1213:
1200:
1188:. Retrieved
1184:the original
1173:
1161:. Retrieved
1158:ViewPoint 3D
1157:
1144:
1132:. Retrieved
1129:ViewPoint 3D
1128:
1119:
1107:. Retrieved
1103:the original
1098:
1088:
1067:cite journal
1052:
1031:cite journal
1016:
995:cite journal
980:
959:cite journal
944:
932:. Retrieved
928:the original
918:
906:. Retrieved
897:
887:
854:
850:
844:
835:
829:
809:
796:. Retrieved
783:
765:
761:
755:
743:. Retrieved
733:
721:. Retrieved
717:the original
707:
695:. Retrieved
683:
671:
653:
649:
639:
631:
628:
623:
613:
609:
603:(in German).
598:
588:
576:. Retrieved
569:the original
550:
543:
533:22 September
531:. Retrieved
524:the original
511:
503:
500:
495:
465:(8): 31â36.
462:
458:
452:
436:
427:
423:eye tracking
420:
416:
407:Nintendo 3DS
400:
397:
388:
386:
375:
364:
356:
331:
322:Lenny Lipton
307:
299:
287:
261:Nintendo 3DS
249:
241:
223:Nintendo 3DS
207:pseudoscopic
195:
190:Eye tracking
186:eye tracking
171:
137:
133:
126:stereoscopic
121:
120:
104:Developer(s)
44:stereoscopic
39:Process type
18:
2609:Stereoscopy
2448:Fog display
2421:Multiscopic
2338:Fiber-optic
2250:Quantum dot
1963:View-Master
1790:Pseudoscope
1722:Stereoscope
1652:Anaglyph 3D
1541:Stereoscopy
1288:PC Magazine
857:: 179â186.
798:17 February
371:holographic
334:light field
174:3D displays
158:holographic
2614:3D imaging
2603:Categories
2489:Laser beam
2443:Volumetric
2403:3D display
2343:Nixie tube
2323:Split-flap
2208:generation
2182:Blue Phase
2102:generation
2049:generation
1977:Miscellany
1868:Digital 3D
1863:Blu-ray 3D
1727:Vectograph
1692:Multiscopy
1677:Holography
1667:Bubblegram
1614:Stereopsis
1552:Perception
1545:3D display
1467:VisuMotion
851:Proc. SPIE
445:References
168:Technology
154:Volumetric
71:Product(s)
55:3D imaging
2543:Scan line
2517:DisplayID
2474:Neon sign
2464:Monoscope
2306:Non-video
2067:Jumbotron
1457:Tridelity
1401:0018-9162
1379:CiteSeerX
1241:. TechOn!
898:Wired.com
656:: 51â52.
479:0018-9162
387:The term
130:binocular
75:SubRoc-3D
2426:Hologram
2333:Eggcrate
2318:Flip-dot
2264:display
2245:Laser TV
2216:microLED
2146:(AMOLED)
2100:Current
2056:Eidophor
1968:XpanD 3D
1953:RealD 3D
1911:Dolby 3D
1906:AMD HD3D
1899:products
1489:SIGGRAPH
1409:34507707
1349:Phys.org
1245:23 March
1190:25 March
902:Archived
879:62223285
688:Archived
578:30 March
487:34507707
182:Sega AM3
114:Fujifilm
111:Nintendo
2510:CEA-861
2140:(OLED)
2125:Gyricon
1936:New 3DS
1921:Infitec
1897:Notable
1858:4D film
1843:3D film
1829:Product
1638:Display
1354:4 March
1267:15 June
1163:19 July
1134:19 July
1109:19 July
934:15 June
908:15 June
859:Bibcode
815:1128979
770:Bibcode
745:15 June
723:15 June
697:19 June
392:display
310:Philips
2394:(SISD)
2288:(TDEL)
2282:(FLCD)
2229:(OLET)
2197:(LCoS)
2156:(LCD)
2134:(LED)
2111:(QLED)
2085:(PDP)
1462:Viva3D
1407:
1399:
1381:
1311:
1220:
877:
821:
629:Cosmos
561:
485:
477:
347:tensor
148:, and
136:" or "
46:images
2565:(HDR)
2388:(FSD)
2372:(SSD)
2356:(LEC)
2350:(VFD)
2294:(LPD)
2241:(FED)
2235:(SED)
2206:Next
2191:(DLP)
2120:E Ink
2074:(ELD)
2063:(CRT)
1831:types
1751:Other
1433:(PDF)
1426:(PDF)
1405:S2CID
1210:(PDF)
1154:(PDF)
875:S2CID
793:(PDF)
691:(PDF)
680:(PDF)
572:(PDF)
555:(PDF)
527:(PDF)
520:(PDF)
483:S2CID
361:Other
318:2160p
314:WOWvx
252:Sharp
2505:EDID
2327:Vane
2273:TMOS
2268:IMoD
2262:MEMS
2089:ALiS
2047:Past
1543:and
1491:2007
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1397:ISSN
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1309:ISBN
1269:2010
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1165:2016
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1111:2016
1080:help
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1008:help
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936:2010
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855:3012
800:2011
747:2010
725:2010
699:2008
580:2010
559:ISBN
535:2022
475:ISSN
403:HR3D
341:and
282:and
221:The
156:and
108:Sega
98:1982
88:Sega
2177:LED
2170:IPS
2160:TFT
1389:doi
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