52:
116:
31:
628:(ELVd) (30), do not have the conserved CCR, TCR, and TCH motifs but, remarkably, both their polarity strands self-cleave through hammerhead ribozymes; they form the second family, Avsunviroidae (reviewed in 33), whose type species is ASBVd (formal inclusion of ELVd in this family is pending ICTV approval) (Figure 1b)."
196:
activity and circularises. A second rolling circle mechanism forms a positive strand which is also cleaved by ribozyme activity and then ligated to become circular. The site of replication is unknown but it is thought to be in the chloroplast and in the presence of Mg ions.
690:
120, "but PLMVd and CChMVd are grouped in one genus because of their branched secondary structure (21, 45, 65), which is stabilized by a pseudoknot (10; S. Gago, M. De la Peňa & R. Flores, unpublished results) (Figure 1b), and their insolubility in2M LiCl
232:. Otherwise there is little structural similarity in the family. They do not have the conserved CCH, TCR, or TCH motifs, which is one of the features defining their separation from the Pospiviroidae.
307:
416:
301:
281:
334:. A method to detect them is to use their circularity: a computer can piece together many overlapping reads that appear to form repeats when placed linearly.
354:
Di Serio, F; Li, SF; Matoušek, J; Owens, RA; Pallás, V; Randles, JW; Sano, T; Verhoeven, JTJ; Vidalakis, G; Flores, R; Ictv Report, Consortium (May 2018).
544:
Flores, Ricardo; Hernández, Carmen; Alba, A. Emilio Martínez de; Daròs, José-Antonio; Serio, Francesco Di (2005). "Viroids and Viroid-Host
Interactions".
753:
877:
677:
120, "and ELVd, whose properties fall between those of the members of the other two genera, has been proposed to constitute its own genus (30).
205:
Predictions of structure have suggested that they exist either as rod-shaped molecules with regions of base pairing causing formation of some
890:
733:
170:
of plant cells. Key features of replication include no helper virus required and no proteins are encoded for. Unlike the other family of
158:
in length. They are single-stranded covalent circles and have intramolecular base pairing. All members lack a central conserved region.
599:
120, "Apart from the core nucleotides conserved in their hammerhead structures, no extensive sequence similarities exist between them"
713:
864:
488:"Homology-independent discovery of replicating pathogenic circular RNAs by deep sequencing and a new computational algorithm"
188:. It is thought the positive RNA strand acts as a template to form negative strands with the help of an enzyme thought to be
903:
895:
546:
51:
762:
555:
313:
185:
908:
261:
739:
228:
from 5' to 3', plus their Watson-Crick pairings on the other end of the loop. This is part of its
816:
778:
641:
120, "ASBVd, the only viroid with a high A + U content (62%) (47), forms a monospecific genus"
882:
838:
563:
499:
46:
8:
719:
330:
The lack of a long, central conserved region makes
Avsunviroidae harder to identify than
229:
503:
522:
487:
463:
438:
825:
575:
567:
527:
468:
387:
931:
830:
559:
517:
507:
458:
450:
377:
367:
486:
Wu, Q; Wang, Y; Cao, M; Pantaleo, V; Burgyan, J; Li, WX; Ding, SW (6 March 2012).
801:
492:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
189:
704:
412:
925:
571:
437:
Giguère, T; Adkar-Purushothama, CR; Bolduc, F; Perreault, JP (October 2014).
331:
176:
512:
579:
531:
472:
391:
292:
167:
150:
104:
439:"Elucidation of the structures of all members of the Avsunviroidae family"
810:
372:
355:
252:
138:
90:
436:
382:
755:
STUDIES ON CATALYTIC RNA MOLECULES RELEVANT TO THE RNA WORLD HYPOTHESIS
155:
454:
119:
Secondary structure proposed for representative members of the family
851:
272:
206:
144:
97:
869:
772:
856:
795:
193:
115:
171:
133:
63:
843:
240:
The family has three genera, with a total of five species.
30:
543:
212:
The family has four stretches of conserved nucleotides,
192:
plus 3 II. The negative RNA strands are then cleaved by
353:
154:). They consist of RNA genomes between 246 and 375
653:
651:
649:
647:
485:
923:
589:
644:
407:
405:
403:
401:
356:"ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Avsunviroidae"
735:Description of Plant Viruses- Avsunviroidae
602:
311:(CChMVd, acc. Y14700, gen. len. 399nt) and
184:are thought to replicate via a symmetrical
136:. There are four species in three genera (
29:
521:
511:
462:
398:
381:
371:
114:
924:
564:10.1146/annurev.phyto.43.040204.140243
349:
347:
285:(ELVd, acc. AJ536613, gen. len. 333nt)
777:
776:
622:Chrysanthemum chlorotic mottle viroid
317:(PLMVd, acc. M83545, gen. len. 337nt)
308:Chrysanthemum chlorotic mottle viroid
265:(ASBVd, acc. J02020, gen. len. 247nt)
680:
631:
344:
13:
667:
612:118-120, "The other four viroids,
413:"ICTV Online Report Avsunviroidae"
14:
943:
698:
235:
209:or have branched configurations.
50:
547:Annual Review of Phytopathology
479:
419:from the original on 2022-02-12
360:The Journal of General Virology
430:
161:
1:
337:
325:
200:
7:
10:
948:
715:MicrobiologyBytes: Viroids
618:Peach latent mosaic viroid
314:Peach latent mosaic viroid
166:Replication occurs in the
785:
706:ICTV Online (10th) Report
443:Molecular Plant Pathology
86:
81:
45:
37:
28:
21:
614:Avocado sunblotch viroid
302:Appler hammerhead viroid
262:Avocado sunblotch viroid
513:10.1073/pnas.1117815109
626:Eggplant latent viroid
282:Eggplant latent viroid
123:
118:
373:10.1099/jgv.0.001045
47:Virus classification
624:(CChMVd) (65), and
504:2012PNAS..109.3938W
230:hammerhead ribozyme
124:
919:
918:
779:Taxon identifiers
455:10.1111/mpp.12130
186:rolling mechanism
113:
112:
38:Viroid of family
16:Family of viruses
939:
912:
911:
899:
898:
886:
885:
873:
872:
860:
859:
847:
846:
834:
833:
821:
820:
819:
806:
805:
804:
774:
773:
769:
767:
761:, archived from
760:
749:
748:
747:
738:, archived from
729:
728:
727:
718:, archived from
692:
689:
684:
678:
676:
671:
665:
660:
655:
642:
640:
635:
629:
611:
606:
600:
598:
593:
583:
536:
535:
525:
515:
483:
477:
476:
466:
434:
428:
427:
425:
424:
409:
396:
395:
385:
375:
351:
227:
223:
219:
215:
132:are a family of
55:
54:
33:
19:
18:
947:
946:
942:
941:
940:
938:
937:
936:
922:
921:
920:
915:
907:
902:
894:
889:
881:
876:
868:
863:
855:
850:
842:
837:
829:
824:
815:
814:
809:
800:
799:
794:
781:
765:
758:
752:
745:
743:
732:
725:
723:
712:
708:; Avsunviroidae
701:
696:
695:
687:
685:
681:
674:
672:
668:
658:
656:
645:
638:
636:
632:
609:
607:
603:
596:
594:
590:
540:
539:
498:(10): 3938–43.
484:
480:
435:
431:
422:
420:
411:
410:
399:
352:
345:
340:
328:
238:
225:
221:
217:
213:
203:
164:
49:
17:
12:
11:
5:
945:
935:
934:
917:
916:
914:
913:
900:
887:
874:
861:
848:
835:
822:
807:
791:
789:
783:
782:
771:
770:
750:
730:
710:
700:
699:External links
697:
694:
693:
679:
666:
643:
630:
620:(PLMVd) (45),
616:(ASBVd) (47),
601:
587:
586:
585:
584:
556:Annual Reviews
538:
537:
478:
429:
397:
366:(5): 611–612.
342:
341:
339:
336:
327:
324:
323:
322:
321:
320:
319:
318:
288:
287:
286:
268:
267:
266:
237:
236:Classification
234:
202:
199:
190:RNA polymerase
163:
160:
111:
110:
109:
108:
101:
94:
84:
83:
79:
78:
71:
67:
66:
61:
57:
56:
43:
42:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
944:
933:
930:
929:
927:
910:
905:
901:
897:
892:
888:
884:
879:
875:
871:
866:
862:
858:
853:
849:
845:
840:
836:
832:
827:
823:
818:
817:Avsunviroidae
812:
808:
803:
797:
793:
792:
790:
788:
787:Avsunviroidae
784:
780:
775:
768:on 2011-07-22
764:
757:
756:
751:
742:on 2007-02-13
741:
737:
736:
731:
722:on 2007-02-24
721:
717:
716:
711:
709:
707:
703:
702:
683:
670:
664:
654:
652:
650:
648:
634:
627:
623:
619:
615:
605:
592:
588:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
548:
542:
541:
533:
529:
524:
519:
514:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
482:
474:
470:
465:
460:
456:
452:
449:(8): 767–79.
448:
444:
440:
433:
418:
414:
408:
406:
404:
402:
393:
389:
384:
379:
374:
369:
365:
361:
357:
350:
348:
343:
335:
333:
332:Pospiviroidae
316:
315:
310:
309:
304:
303:
298:
297:
295:
294:
289:
284:
283:
278:
277:
275:
274:
269:
264:
263:
258:
257:
255:
254:
249:
248:
247:
246:Avsunviroidae
243:
242:
241:
233:
231:
210:
208:
207:hairpin loops
198:
195:
191:
187:
183:
182:Avsunviroidae
179:
178:
177:Pospiviroidae
173:
169:
159:
157:
153:
152:
147:
146:
141:
140:
135:
131:
130:
129:Avsunviroidae
122:
121:Avsunviroidae
117:
107:
106:
102:
100:
99:
95:
93:
92:
88:
87:
85:
80:
77:
76:
75:Avsunviroidae
72:
69:
68:
65:
62:
59:
58:
53:
48:
44:
41:
40:Avsunviroidae
36:
32:
27:
24:
23:Avsunviroidae
20:
786:
763:the original
754:
744:, retrieved
740:the original
734:
724:, retrieved
720:the original
714:
705:
682:
669:
662:
633:
625:
621:
617:
613:
604:
591:
551:
545:
495:
491:
481:
446:
442:
432:
421:. Retrieved
383:10251/142511
363:
359:
329:
312:
306:
300:
293:Pelamoviroid
291:
280:
271:
260:
251:
245:
239:
211:
204:
181:
175:
168:chloroplasts
165:
151:Pelamoviroid
149:
143:
137:
128:
127:
125:
120:
105:Pelamoviroid
103:
96:
89:
74:
73:
60:(unranked):
39:
22:
811:Wikispecies
558:: 117–139.
253:Avsunviroid
162:Replication
156:nucleotides
139:Avsunviroid
91:Avsunviroid
746:2007-03-16
726:2007-03-16
423:2018-05-03
338:References
572:0066-4286
326:Detection
299:Species:
279:Species:
273:Elaviroid
259:Species:
201:Structure
145:Elaviroid
98:Elaviroid
926:Category
802:Q1952007
796:Wikidata
580:16078879
532:22345560
473:25346967
417:Archived
392:29580320
194:ribozyme
70:Family:
932:Viroids
663:TABLE 1
523:3309787
500:Bibcode
464:6638799
244:Family
172:viroids
134:viroids
82:Genera
909:734149
896:185752
883:106839
857:1AVSUF
691:(65)."
688:
675:
659:
639:
610:
597:
578:
570:
530:
520:
471:
461:
390:
290:Genus
270:Genus
250:Genus
64:Viroid
904:WoRMS
878:IRMNG
831:6235J
766:(PDF)
759:(PDF)
661:119,
554:(1).
214:guuuc
891:NCBI
870:1927
865:GBIF
852:EPPO
844:5042
576:PMID
568:ISSN
528:PMID
469:PMID
388:PMID
222:ucag
148:and
126:The
839:EoL
826:CoL
560:doi
518:PMC
508:doi
496:109
459:PMC
451:doi
378:hdl
368:doi
928::
906::
893::
880::
867::
854::
841::
828::
813::
798::
686:p.
673:p.
657:p.
646:^
637:p.
608:p.
595:p.
574:.
566:.
552:43
550:.
526:.
516:.
506:.
494:.
490:.
467:.
457:.
447:15
445:.
441:.
415:.
400:^
386:.
376:.
364:99
362:.
358:.
346:^
305:,
296:;
276:;
256:;
226:ac
224:,
220:,
218:uc
216:,
180:,
174:,
142:,
582:.
562::
534:.
510::
502::
475:.
453::
426:.
394:.
380::
370::
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
