157:
164:
1374:'gardener'), a sound described by Bahri as "important and peculiar" to Awankari, is of uncertain phonemic status. It is not found at the start of a word. Its articulation is accompanied by a widening of the pharynx and raising of the epiglottis. Hardev Bahri observed in the 1930s that it was generally not pronounced by the Hindus, especially in the big villages, who substituted it with the alveolar
699:, the position of stress depends on the type of compound involved. Stress is particularly prominent in the southwestern Pakhri subdialect, where it is accompanied by a jerk of the head and a rise of the larynx. It is so prominent that speakers of other dialects have described Pakhri as a "loud and vigorous language" whose speakers "throw stones of sounds".
706:, which is however simpler than that of Punjabi. Hardev Bahri has described the following tones: 1) the level tone characteristic of most syllables, 2) a tone realised as falling in the Wanadhi dialect and as high in Reshi, 3) a low rising tone found in only about a dozen words. Tone is contrastive:
694:
is usually predictable. In words of three or more syllables, there is a prominent stress on the second syllable from the end. In words of two syllables, stress will depend on the relative length of the vowels: if the vowels in the two syllables are both long or both short, then both syllables get
695:
equal stress; if the first vowel is long and the second short, then there is a slight stress on the first syllable; if the first syllable is short and the second one long, then there is a prominent stress on the second syllable. There are exceptions; for example in
670:'scatter'. Non-phonemic nasalisation occurs under the influence of adjacent nasal consonants. A vowel will get nasalised before a nasal consonants unless this consonant is in a different, unstressed, syllable (for instance, there is nasalisation in
257:
The rest of this article is based entirely on Hardev Bahri's work of the 1930s. It is possible that the geographic extent, the division into subdialects, and the linguistic characteristics might have changed since then.
738:'a personal name' (level tone). Each word can have only one contrastive tone. In the analysis of Kalicharan Bahl, the rare low rising tone is treated as a non-phonemic effect that accompanies medial
1413:"). In its articulation the tongue normally makes two contacts, but the number varies depending on the context: it is greater in a stressed position or before a high-falling tone, a long vowel, or
1772:. Sociolinguistic Survey of Northern Pakistan. Islamabad: National Institute of Pakistan Studies, Quaid-i-Azam University and Summer Institute of Linguistics.
1169:. In the western dialects there is a tendency for the loss of aspiration (in both voiced and voiceless plosives) in certain contexts : compare Wanadhi
387:(see below) was generally only kept distinctive in the speech of Muslims, with Hindus pronouncing it the same way as the "normal" alveolar lateral
678:'ill'). A vowel is also nasalised after a nasal consonant provided the vowel is unstressed and at the end of a word of more than one syllable (
338:
303:
287:
1309:'hunter') is articulated against the hard palate, with the tongue blade touching the upper teeth and tongue tip reaching the lower teeth.
1848:
283:
185:
156:
1208:) articulated with the front of the tongue touching the palate, with the tongue's blade against the alveolars. The aspirated
742:. Awankari is then regarded as having two tones: a level tone and a falling tone (or rising tone, depending on the dialect).
468:
1084:
1378:. For those speakers who do pronounce it, it can occur in the middle and at the end of words, in contrast to the alveolar
356:
Bahri also noted the differences of vocabulary between the speech forms of
Muslims and Hindus. For example, "Thursday" is
1301:
1076:
959:
477:
1777:
83:
1841:
935:
490:
333:
is spoken in the eastern half of
Awankari's territory, in the plains of the Wanadh region centred on the town of
1291:'paint') are articulated further back in the throat than the velar plosives, but not as far back as in Persian;
1857:
1105:
536:
521:
942:
503:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1402:
1392:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1306:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1278:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1241:
1237:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1158:
1150:
1142:
920:
908:
895:
883:
870:
858:
845:
833:
820:
808:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
651:
637:
633:
629:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
388:
384:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
851:
549:
442:
1834:
1116:
801:
1395:'lie') is a flap consonant and it only occurs in the middle or at the end of the word. The alveolar /
1273:
1182:
966:
950:
876:
569:
2063:
983:
863:
826:
455:
17:
901:
813:
68:
1283:
1194:
1011:
975:
888:
73:
1397:
1387:
1099:
1054:
1047:
1004:
997:
838:
1334:
1019:
913:
691:
78:
8:
1787:
1200:
1188:
1146:
929:
773:
399:
This section follows Bahri's description of
Awankari as spoken at the end of the 1930s.
1815:
1340:
1245:
1028:
768:
703:
311:
266:
Awankari is spoken primarily in the
Awankari tract, which occupies the western half of
143:
1819:
1807:
1773:
1364:
1352:'for nothing'). Exceptions are found in the Reshi sub-dialect, which for example has
1068:
795:
788:
778:
381:
2040:
2001:
1940:
1871:
1799:
1268:
1233:
1162:
1154:
1039:
763:
758:
702:
Unlike most other Indo-Aryan languages, Awankari possesses a system of contrastive
299:
267:
251:
243:
234:
51:
329:, who did linguistic work on Awankari in the 1930s, identifies three subdialects.
1991:
1983:
1963:
1935:
1930:
1406:
991:
783:
60:
2036:
2009:
1912:
1891:
1886:
1803:
1765:
2057:
2014:
1925:
1920:
1881:
1876:
1811:
696:
422:
307:
279:
275:
200:
187:
2032:
647:
641:
326:
315:
2044:
1733:
Bahl, Kalicharan (1957). "A Note on Tones in
Western Punjabi (Lahanda)".
436:
415:
349:
in the southwest, the two divided by a series of groves locally known as
271:
1768:. In O'Leary, Clare F.; Rensch, Calvin R.; Hallberg, Calinda E. (eds.).
1205:
655:
557:
429:
295:
1425:, or if occurring in a syllable that precedes the stressed syllable.
1138:
1134:
625:
511:
136:
124:
1826:
1267:
are less common: they are found in about a hundred words each. The
334:
291:
247:
41:
1417:. It is smaller if followed by either a plosive, or the sibilants
1344:) nasals are usually found only before the corresponding plosive (
1130:
580:
The following words illustrate the contrasts between the vowels:
1973:
1950:
1901:
239:
93:
88:
1615:
1968:
1711:
1639:
1699:
1591:
1663:
1479:
1477:
345:
in the north-west (named after the stream of Resh), and
1792:
Bulletin of the School of
Oriental and African Studies
1687:
1651:
1603:
1513:
1474:
1462:
1450:
1766:"The Language Environment of Hindko-Speaking People"
1757:
Lahndi
Phonetics: With Special Reference to Awáṇkárí
1748:
Lahndi
Phonology: With Special Reference to Awánḳárí
1675:
1627:
223:
1525:
1552:
1501:
1489:
286:. The eastern boundary roughly coincides with the
2055:
1564:
310:, with Awankari also spoken beyond the river in
278:, although Awankari extends beyond the river in
1842:
1324:occurs in the middle or at the end of words:
341:separates it from the two western dialects:
1849:
1835:
270:in northwestern Punjab. To the north, the
1356:'bangles', where the Wanadhi dialect has
1790:(1980). "Hindko in Kohat and Peshawar".
1786:
1693:
1582:
1440:
1320:occur in all positions. The retroflex
14:
2056:
1763:
1133:consonants of Awankari come with four
650:are relatively rare, but contrastive:
1856:
1830:
1754:
1745:
1717:
1705:
1681:
1669:
1657:
1645:
1633:
1621:
1609:
1597:
1586:
1543:
1531:
1519:
1507:
1495:
1483:
1468:
1456:
1444:
298:forms the fuzzy southern border with
233:
1732:
1570:
1558:
1547:
1382:which is found only word-initially.
380:. A further difference was that the
261:
685:
24:
290:stream (beyond which is found the
242:. It is spoken mostly in parts of
25:
2075:
1396:
1386:
1339:
1333:
1312:Of the nasals, only the bilabial
1300:
1295:is not always distinguished from
1282:
1272:
1199:
1193:
1187:
1181:
1115:
1104:
1083:
1075:
1053:
1046:
1027:
1018:
1010:
1003:
996:
982:
974:
965:
958:
949:
941:
934:
912:
900:
887:
875:
862:
850:
837:
825:
812:
800:
734:'darkness' (low rising tone) vs.
620:'shoe'. Some speakers pronounce
568:
548:
535:
520:
502:
489:
476:
467:
454:
441:
163:
162:
155:
1726:
1576:
726:(falling tone) 'to snatch' vs.
1537:
1434:
730:(level tone) 'bad habit', and
13:
1:
1428:
745:
376:for "where?" and Hindus have
555:
531:
509:
485:
461:
434:
394:
364:among Hindus, "to bathe" is
224:
7:
1759:. Allahabad: Bharati Press.
1750:. Allahabad: Bharati Press.
372:among Hindus; Muslims have
321:
10:
2080:
1764:Rensch, Calvin R. (1992).
718:(falling tone) 'fire' vs.
710:(falling tone) 'rope' vs.
2027:
2000:
1982:
1949:
1911:
1900:
1864:
1804:10.1017/S0041977X00137401
1624:, pp. 106, 114, 116.
714:(level tone) 'property';
402:
306:stream separates it from
246:in the north-west of the
181:
150:
134:
122:
117:
57:
47:
37:
32:
1720:, pp. 117–8, 142–4.
1332:'sister'). The palatal (
1648:, pp. 102, 120–21.
666:'make one play' – with
231:Awankari pronunciation:
1755:Bahri, Hardev (1963).
1746:Bahri, Hardev (1962).
1708:, pp. 116–7, 143.
1251:Among the fricatives,
274:separates it from the
238:) is a dialect of the
1600:, pp. 21–22, 26.
722:(level tone) 'rate',
1788:Shackle, Christopher
1204:/ are plosives (not
600:'marriage, guests',
294:dialect), while the
235:[əʋaːɳkaːɾi]
1672:, pp. 24, 113.
1546:, pp. 189–91;
1212:is more front than
752:
674:'mine', but not in
628:. The three vowels
596:'principal (sum)',
409:
302:. To the west, the
197: /
1735:Indian Linguistics
750:
656:a type of hot wind
407:
368:among Muslims and
360:among Muslims and
312:Danda Shah Bilawal
2051:
2050:
2023:
2022:
1858:Punjabi varieties
1770:Hindko and Gujari
1660:, pp. 113–5.
1612:, pp. 108–9.
1522:, pp. 202–7.
1486:, pp. 40–46.
1471:, pp. 32–33.
1459:, pp. 20–21.
1447:, pp. 12–20.
1365:retroflex lateral
1316:and the alveolar
1281:'came out') and /
1269:uvular fricatives
1127:
1126:
658:' contrasts with
578:
577:
382:retroflex lateral
262:Geographic extent
216:
215:
27:Dialect of Hindko
16:(Redirected from
2071:
1909:
1908:
1872:Standard Punjabi
1851:
1844:
1837:
1828:
1827:
1823:
1783:
1760:
1751:
1742:
1721:
1715:
1709:
1703:
1697:
1691:
1685:
1679:
1673:
1667:
1661:
1655:
1649:
1643:
1637:
1631:
1625:
1619:
1613:
1607:
1601:
1595:
1589:
1580:
1574:
1568:
1562:
1556:
1550:
1541:
1535:
1529:
1523:
1517:
1511:
1505:
1499:
1493:
1487:
1481:
1472:
1466:
1460:
1454:
1448:
1438:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1405:'distant') is a
1404:
1400:
1394:
1390:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1337:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1308:
1304:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1280:
1276:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1243:
1239:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1203:
1197:
1191:
1185:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1163:voiced aspirated
1160:
1152:
1144:
1119:
1108:
1087:
1079:
1057:
1050:
1031:
1022:
1014:
1007:
1000:
986:
978:
972:
969:
962:
953:
948:
945:
938:
922:
919:
916:
910:
907:
904:
897:
894:
891:
885:
882:
879:
872:
869:
866:
860:
857:
854:
847:
844:
841:
835:
832:
829:
822:
819:
816:
810:
807:
804:
753:
749:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
690:The position of
686:Stress and tones
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
653:
639:
635:
631:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
572:
552:
539:
524:
506:
493:
480:
471:
458:
445:
410:
406:
390:
386:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
268:Chakwal District
244:Chakwal District
237:
232:
227:
212:
211:
209:
208:
207:
202:
198:
195:
194:
193:
190:
166:
165:
159:
146:
127:
63:
30:
29:
21:
2079:
2078:
2074:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2069:
2068:
2064:Hindko dialects
2054:
2053:
2052:
2047:
2019:
1996:
1992:Pahari-Pothwari
1984:Pahari-Pothwari
1978:
1945:
1904:
1896:
1860:
1855:
1780:
1729:
1724:
1716:
1712:
1704:
1700:
1692:
1688:
1680:
1676:
1668:
1664:
1656:
1652:
1644:
1640:
1632:
1628:
1620:
1616:
1608:
1604:
1596:
1592:
1581:
1577:
1569:
1565:
1557:
1553:
1542:
1538:
1530:
1526:
1518:
1514:
1506:
1502:
1494:
1490:
1482:
1475:
1467:
1463:
1455:
1451:
1443:, p. 484;
1439:
1435:
1431:
1385:The retroflex /
1299:. The palatal /
1216:. The plosives
970:
946:
917:
911:
905:
892:
886:
880:
867:
861:
855:
842:
836:
830:
817:
811:
805:
767:
748:
688:
405:
397:
324:
264:
230:
205:
203:
201:32.91°N 72.17°E
199:
196:
191:
188:
186:
184:
183:
177:
176:
175:
174:
173:
172:
171:
167:
142:
123:
113:
64:
61:Language family
59:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2077:
2067:
2066:
2049:
2048:
2037:Baahar di boli
2028:
2025:
2024:
2021:
2020:
2018:
2017:
2012:
2006:
2004:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1994:
1988:
1986:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1955:
1953:
1947:
1946:
1944:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1917:
1915:
1913:Jatki language
1906:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1868:
1866:
1862:
1861:
1854:
1853:
1846:
1839:
1831:
1825:
1824:
1798:(3): 482–510.
1784:
1778:
1761:
1752:
1743:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1722:
1710:
1698:
1696:, p. 487.
1686:
1684:, p. 116.
1674:
1662:
1650:
1638:
1636:, p. 118.
1626:
1614:
1602:
1590:
1575:
1563:
1551:
1536:
1534:, p. 202.
1524:
1512:
1500:
1488:
1473:
1461:
1449:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1180:The phonemes /
1125:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1102:
1096:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1080:
1073:
1071:
1065:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1051:
1044:
1042:
1036:
1035:
1033:
1024:
1015:
1008:
1001:
994:
988:
987:
980:
963:
956:
954:
939:
932:
926:
925:
923:
898:
873:
848:
823:
798:
792:
791:
786:
781:
776:
771:
761:
756:
747:
744:
697:compound words
687:
684:
576:
575:
573:
566:
564:
562:
560:
554:
553:
546:
544:
542:
540:
533:
530:
529:
527:
525:
518:
516:
514:
508:
507:
500:
498:
496:
494:
487:
484:
483:
481:
474:
472:
465:
463:
460:
459:
452:
450:
448:
446:
439:
433:
432:
427:
425:
420:
418:
413:
404:
401:
396:
393:
323:
320:
263:
260:
214:
213:
179:
178:
169:
168:
161:
160:
154:
153:
152:
151:
148:
147:
140:
132:
131:
128:
120:
119:
118:Language codes
115:
114:
112:
111:
110:
109:
108:
107:
106:
105:
104:
103:
102:
101:
67:
65:
58:
55:
54:
49:
45:
44:
39:
38:Native to
35:
34:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2076:
2065:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2031:
2026:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2003:
1999:
1993:
1990:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1981:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1948:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1910:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1869:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1852:
1847:
1845:
1840:
1838:
1833:
1832:
1829:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1779:969-8023-13-5
1775:
1771:
1767:
1762:
1758:
1753:
1749:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1731:
1730:
1719:
1714:
1707:
1702:
1695:
1690:
1683:
1678:
1671:
1666:
1659:
1654:
1647:
1642:
1635:
1630:
1623:
1618:
1611:
1606:
1599:
1594:
1588:
1584:
1579:
1572:
1567:
1561:, p. 34.
1560:
1555:
1549:
1545:
1540:
1533:
1528:
1521:
1516:
1510:, p. 61.
1509:
1504:
1498:, p. 48.
1497:
1492:
1485:
1480:
1478:
1470:
1465:
1458:
1453:
1446:
1442:
1437:
1433:
1426:
1412:
1408:
1399:
1389:
1383:
1366:
1361:
1342:
1338:) and velar (
1336:
1310:
1303:
1285:
1275:
1270:
1249:
1247:
1235:
1207:
1202:
1196:
1190:
1184:
1178:
1164:
1156:
1148:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1086:
1081:
1078:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1052:
1049:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1034:
1030:
1025:
1021:
1016:
1013:
1009:
1006:
1002:
999:
995:
993:
990:
989:
985:
981:
977:
968:
964:
961:
957:
955:
952:
944:
940:
937:
933:
931:
928:
927:
924:
915:
903:
899:
890:
878:
874:
865:
853:
849:
840:
828:
824:
815:
803:
799:
797:
794:
793:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
754:
743:
705:
700:
698:
693:
683:
657:
649:
645:
643:
627:
574:
571:
567:
565:
563:
561:
559:
556:
551:
547:
545:
543:
541:
538:
534:
532:
528:
526:
523:
519:
517:
515:
513:
510:
505:
501:
499:
497:
495:
492:
488:
486:
482:
479:
475:
473:
470:
466:
464:
462:
457:
453:
451:
449:
447:
444:
440:
438:
435:
431:
428:
426:
424:
421:
419:
417:
414:
412:
411:
400:
392:
383:
354:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
319:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
276:Ghebi dialect
273:
269:
259:
255:
253:
249:
245:
241:
236:
228:
226:
220:
210:
182:Coordinates:
180:
158:
149:
145:
141:
139:
138:
133:
129:
126:
121:
116:
100:
97:
96:
95:
92:
91:
90:
87:
86:
85:
82:
81:
80:
77:
76:
75:
72:
71:
70:
69:Indo-European
66:
62:
56:
53:
50:
46:
43:
40:
36:
31:
19:
2033:Baar di Boli
2029:
1958:
1795:
1791:
1769:
1756:
1747:
1738:
1734:
1727:Bibliography
1713:
1701:
1694:Shackle 1980
1689:
1677:
1665:
1653:
1641:
1629:
1617:
1605:
1593:
1583:Shackle 1980
1578:
1566:
1554:
1539:
1527:
1515:
1503:
1491:
1464:
1452:
1441:Shackle 1980
1436:
1410:
1384:
1362:
1328:'one-eyed',
1311:
1250:
1179:
1128:
701:
689:
662:'hair', and
648:Nasal vowels
646:
579:
398:
355:
350:
346:
342:
339:Ankar stream
330:
327:Hardev Bahri
325:
265:
256:
250:province of
222:
218:
217:
206:32.91; 72.17
135:
98:
84:Northwestern
74:Indo-Iranian
2045:Khalsa bole
1409:(a "rolled
1173:with Reshi
1100:Approximant
751:Consonants
304:West Gabhir
288:East Gabhir
272:Sohan River
204: /
1718:Bahri 1963
1706:Bahri 1963
1682:Bahri 1963
1670:Bahri 1963
1658:Bahri 1963
1646:Bahri 1963
1634:Bahri 1963
1622:Bahri 1963
1610:Bahri 1963
1598:Bahri 1963
1587:Bahri 1963
1544:Bahri 1963
1532:Bahri 1963
1520:Bahri 1963
1508:Bahri 1963
1496:Bahri 1963
1484:Bahri 1963
1469:Bahri 1963
1457:Bahri 1963
1445:Bahri 1963
1429:References
1348:'curved',
1206:affricates
1177:'pocket'.
746:Consonants
612:'cattle',
296:Salt Range
79:Indo-Aryan
2030:See also:
1905:(Western)
1820:129436200
1812:0041-977X
1571:Bahl 1957
1559:Bahl 1957
1548:Bahl 1957
1401:/ (as in
1305:/ (as in
1277:/ (as in
1147:aspirated
1139:voiceless
1135:phonation
930:Fricative
774:Retroflex
682:'gold').
626:diphthong
592:'price',
395:Phonology
358:/zʊmerɑt/
248:Pakistani
137:Glottolog
125:ISO 639-3
2058:Category
2041:Derawali
1959:Awankari
1941:Shahpuri
1741:: 30–34.
1307:/ɕɪkɑru/
1246:alveolar
1236:, while
1171:/ɡʊtthi/
769:Alveolar
732:/ʌnɑ̀rɑ/
676:/bɪ.mɑr/
668:/kʰɪ̃ɖɑ/
616:'soft',
604:'dirt',
588:'mile',
584:'meet',
378:/kɪttʰe/
374:/kʌttʰe/
366:/ɖʱɑʋʊɳ/
362:/ʋirʋar/
335:Talagang
322:Dialects
300:Shahpuri
292:Dhanochi
225:Avāṅkārī
219:Awankari
170:Awankari
144:avan1234
99:Awankari
42:Pakistan
33:Awankari
18:Awankari
2002:Saraiki
1964:Chhachi
1936:Lubanki
1931:Jhangvi
1865:Eastern
1370:(as in
1358:/ʋʌŋɡã/
1354:/ʋʌŋŋã/
1346:/ɖɪŋɡɑ/
1289:/roɣʊn/
1279:/nɪxtɑ/
1198:/ and /
1175:/ɡʊtti/
1161:), and
1137:types:
1131:plosive
1069:Lateral
796:Plosive
789:Glottal
779:Palatal
736:/ʌnɑrɑ/
680:/sonɑ̃/
672:/kʰɑ̃ɳ/
664:/kʰɪɖɑ/
608:'rub',
423:Central
408:Vowels
331:Waṇāḍhī
192:72°10′E
189:32°55′N
2010:Riasti
1974:Kohati
1951:Hindko
1902:Lahnda
1892:Puadhi
1887:Malwai
1818:
1810:
1776:
1372:/mɑɭi/
1350:/ɪɲɟe/
1330:/bʰɛɳ/
1326:/kɑɳɑ/
1234:dental
1228:, and
1155:voiced
1040:Rhotic
971:
947:
918:
906:
893:
881:
868:
856:
843:
831:
818:
806:
764:Dental
759:Labial
716:/bʱɑ̂/
708:/mɑ̂l/
692:stress
618:/pɔlɑ/
614:/polɑ/
403:Vowels
370:/nɦɔɳ/
347:Pākhṛī
337:. The
252:Punjab
240:Hindko
94:Hindko
89:Lahnda
52:Punjab
48:Region
2015:Thali
1969:Ghebi
1921:Dhani
1882:Majhi
1877:Doabi
1816:S2CID
1407:trill
1403:/dur/
1393:/kuɽ/
992:Nasal
784:Velar
728:/kʰo/
724:/kʰô/
720:/bʱɑ/
712:/mɑl/
642:short
624:as a
610:/mɑl/
606:/mʌl/
602:/mɛl/
598:/mel/
594:/mul/
590:/mʊl/
586:/mil/
582:/mɪl/
437:Close
416:Front
351:Rakhs
343:Reshī
308:Thali
284:Injra
280:Tarap
1926:Inku
1808:ISSN
1774:ISBN
1421:and
1363:The
1263:and
1244:are
1240:and
1232:are
1230:/dʰ/
1222:/tʰ/
1210:/cʰ/
1192:/, /
1186:/, /
1167:/bʱ/
1151:/pʰ/
1129:The
704:tone
660:/lũ/
652:/lu/
640:are
636:and
558:Open
430:Back
316:Lawa
314:and
282:and
1800:doi
1423:/ɕ/
1419:/s/
1415:/l/
1391:/ (
1380:/l/
1376:/l/
1368:/ɭ/
1360:).
1322:/ɳ/
1318:/n/
1314:/m/
1297:/ɡ/
1293:/ɣ/
1287:/ (
1265:/ɣ/
1261:/x/
1257:/z/
1253:/f/
1242:/l/
1238:/n/
1226:/d/
1218:/t/
1214:/c/
1159:/b/
1153:),
1145:),
1143:/p/
740:/ɦ/
638:/ʌ/
634:/ʊ/
630:/ɪ/
622:/ɔ/
512:Mid
389:/l/
385:/ɭ/
2060::
2043:,
2039:,
2035:,
1814:.
1806:.
1796:43
1794:.
1739:18
1737:.
1585:;
1476:^
1259:,
1255:,
1248:.
1224:,
1220:,
1201:ɟʰ
1189:cʰ
1088:)
1032:)
1023:)
979:)
921:ɡʱ
909:kʰ
896:ɟʱ
884:cʰ
871:ɖʱ
859:ʈʰ
846:dʱ
834:tʰ
821:bʱ
809:pʰ
644:.
632:,
391:.
353:.
318:.
254:.
229:,
1850:e
1843:t
1836:v
1822:.
1802::
1782:.
1573:.
1411:r
1398:r
1388:ɽ
1341:ŋ
1335:ɲ
1302:ɕ
1284:ɣ
1274:x
1271:/
1195:ɟ
1183:c
1165:(
1157:(
1149:(
1141:(
1117:j
1106:ʋ
1085:ɭ
1082:(
1077:l
1055:ɽ
1048:r
1029:ŋ
1026:(
1020:ɲ
1017:(
1012:ɳ
1005:n
998:m
984:ɦ
976:ɣ
973:(
967:x
960:ɕ
951:z
943:s
936:f
914:ɡ
902:k
889:ɟ
877:c
864:ɖ
852:ʈ
839:d
827:t
814:b
802:p
766:/
654:'
570:ɑ
550:ɔ
537:ɛ
522:ʌ
504:o
491:e
478:ʊ
469:ɪ
456:u
443:i
221:(
130:–
20:)
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