146:
153:
1363:'gardener'), a sound described by Bahri as "important and peculiar" to Awankari, is of uncertain phonemic status. It is not found at the start of a word. Its articulation is accompanied by a widening of the pharynx and raising of the epiglottis. Hardev Bahri observed in the 1930s that it was generally not pronounced by the Hindus, especially in the big villages, who substituted it with the alveolar
688:, the position of stress depends on the type of compound involved. Stress is particularly prominent in the southwestern Pakhri subdialect, where it is accompanied by a jerk of the head and a rise of the larynx. It is so prominent that speakers of other dialects have described Pakhri as a "loud and vigorous language" whose speakers "throw stones of sounds".
695:, which is however simpler than that of Punjabi. Hardev Bahri has described the following tones: 1) the level tone characteristic of most syllables, 2) a tone realised as falling in the Wanadhi dialect and as high in Reshi, 3) a low rising tone found in only about a dozen words. Tone is contrastive:
683:
is usually predictable. In words of three or more syllables, there is a prominent stress on the second syllable from the end. In words of two syllables, stress will depend on the relative length of the vowels: if the vowels in the two syllables are both long or both short, then both syllables get
684:
equal stress; if the first vowel is long and the second short, then there is a slight stress on the first syllable; if the first syllable is short and the second one long, then there is a prominent stress on the second syllable. There are exceptions; for example in
659:'scatter'. Non-phonemic nasalisation occurs under the influence of adjacent nasal consonants. A vowel will get nasalised before a nasal consonants unless this consonant is in a different, unstressed, syllable (for instance, there is nasalisation in
246:
The rest of this article is based entirely on Hardev Bahri's work of the 1930s. It is possible that the geographic extent, the division into subdialects, and the linguistic characteristics might have changed since then.
727:'a personal name' (level tone). Each word can have only one contrastive tone. In the analysis of Kalicharan Bahl, the rare low rising tone is treated as a non-phonemic effect that accompanies medial
1402:"). In its articulation the tongue normally makes two contacts, but the number varies depending on the context: it is greater in a stressed position or before a high-falling tone, a long vowel, or
1761:. Sociolinguistic Survey of Northern Pakistan. Islamabad: National Institute of Pakistan Studies, Quaid-i-Azam University and Summer Institute of Linguistics.
1158:. In the western dialects there is a tendency for the loss of aspiration (in both voiced and voiceless plosives) in certain contexts : compare Wanadhi
376:(see below) was generally only kept distinctive in the speech of Muslims, with Hindus pronouncing it the same way as the "normal" alveolar lateral
667:'ill'). A vowel is also nasalised after a nasal consonant provided the vowel is unstressed and at the end of a word of more than one syllable (
327:
292:
276:
1298:'hunter') is articulated against the hard palate, with the tongue blade touching the upper teeth and tongue tip reaching the lower teeth.
1837:
272:
174:
145:
1197:) articulated with the front of the tongue touching the palate, with the tongue's blade against the alveolars. The aspirated
731:. Awankari is then regarded as having two tones: a level tone and a falling tone (or rising tone, depending on the dialect).
457:
1073:
1367:. For those speakers who do pronounce it, it can occur in the middle and at the end of words, in contrast to the alveolar
345:
Bahri also noted the differences of vocabulary between the speech forms of
Muslims and Hindus. For example, "Thursday" is
1290:
1065:
948:
466:
1766:
72:
1830:
924:
479:
322:
is spoken in the eastern half of
Awankari's territory, in the plains of the Wanadh region centred on the town of
1280:'paint') are articulated further back in the throat than the velar plosives, but not as far back as in Persian;
1846:
1094:
525:
510:
931:
492:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1391:
1381:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1295:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1267:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1230:
1226:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1147:
1139:
1131:
909:
897:
884:
872:
859:
847:
834:
822:
809:
797:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
640:
626:
622:
618:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
377:
373:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
840:
538:
431:
1823:
1105:
790:
1384:'lie') is a flap consonant and it only occurs in the middle or at the end of the word. The alveolar /
1262:
1171:
955:
939:
865:
558:
2052:
972:
852:
815:
444:
890:
802:
57:
1272:
1183:
1000:
964:
877:
62:
1386:
1376:
1088:
1043:
1036:
993:
986:
827:
1323:
1008:
902:
680:
67:
8:
1776:
1189:
1177:
1135:
918:
762:
388:
This section follows Bahri's description of
Awankari as spoken at the end of the 1930s.
1804:
1329:
1234:
1017:
757:
692:
300:
255:
Awankari is spoken primarily in the
Awankari tract, which occupies the western half of
132:
1808:
1796:
1762:
1353:
1341:'for nothing'). Exceptions are found in the Reshi sub-dialect, which for example has
1057:
784:
777:
767:
370:
2029:
1990:
1929:
1860:
1788:
1257:
1222:
1151:
1143:
1028:
752:
747:
691:
Unlike most other Indo-Aryan languages, Awankari possesses a system of contrastive
288:
256:
240:
232:
223:
40:
318:, who did linguistic work on Awankari in the 1930s, identifies three subdialects.
1980:
1972:
1952:
1924:
1919:
1395:
980:
772:
49:
2025:
1998:
1901:
1880:
1875:
1792:
1754:
2046:
2003:
1914:
1909:
1870:
1865:
1800:
685:
411:
296:
268:
264:
189:
176:
2021:
636:
630:
315:
304:
2033:
1722:
Bahl, Kalicharan (1957). "A Note on Tones in
Western Punjabi (Lahanda)".
425:
404:
338:
in the southwest, the two divided by a series of groves locally known as
260:
1757:. In O'Leary, Clare F.; Rensch, Calvin R.; Hallberg, Calinda E. (eds.).
1194:
644:
546:
418:
284:
1414:, or if occurring in a syllable that precedes the stressed syllable.
1127:
1123:
614:
500:
125:
113:
1815:
1256:
are less common: they are found in about a hundred words each. The
323:
280:
236:
30:
1406:. It is smaller if followed by either a plosive, or the sibilants
1333:) nasals are usually found only before the corresponding plosive (
1119:
569:
The following words illustrate the contrasts between the vowels:
1962:
1939:
1890:
228:
82:
77:
1604:
1957:
1700:
1628:
1688:
1580:
1652:
1468:
1466:
334:
in the north-west (named after the stream of Resh), and
1781:
Bulletin of the School of
Oriental and African Studies
1676:
1640:
1592:
1502:
1463:
1451:
1439:
1755:"The Language Environment of Hindko-Speaking People"
1746:
Lahndi
Phonetics: With Special Reference to Awáṇkárí
1737:
Lahndi
Phonology: With Special Reference to Awánḳárí
1664:
1616:
212:
1514:
1541:
1490:
1478:
275:. The eastern boundary roughly coincides with the
2044:
1553:
299:, with Awankari also spoken beyond the river in
267:, although Awankari extends beyond the river in
1831:
1313:occurs in the middle or at the end of words:
330:separates it from the two western dialects:
1838:
1824:
259:in northwestern Punjab. To the north, the
1345:'bangles', where the Wanadhi dialect has
1779:(1980). "Hindko in Kohat and Peshawar".
1775:
1682:
1571:
1429:
1309:occur in all positions. The retroflex
2045:
1752:
1122:consonants of Awankari come with four
639:are relatively rare, but contrastive:
1845:
1819:
1743:
1734:
1706:
1694:
1670:
1658:
1646:
1634:
1622:
1610:
1598:
1586:
1575:
1532:
1520:
1508:
1496:
1484:
1472:
1457:
1445:
1433:
287:forms the fuzzy southern border with
222:
1721:
1559:
1547:
1536:
1371:which is found only word-initially.
369:. A further difference was that the
250:
674:
13:
279:stream (beyond which is found the
231:. It is spoken mostly in parts of
14:
2064:
1385:
1375:
1328:
1322:
1301:Of the nasals, only the bilabial
1289:
1284:is not always distinguished from
1271:
1261:
1188:
1182:
1176:
1170:
1104:
1093:
1072:
1064:
1042:
1035:
1016:
1007:
999:
992:
985:
971:
963:
954:
947:
938:
930:
923:
901:
889:
876:
864:
851:
839:
826:
814:
801:
789:
723:'darkness' (low rising tone) vs.
609:'shoe'. Some speakers pronounce
557:
537:
524:
509:
491:
478:
465:
456:
443:
430:
152:
151:
144:
1715:
1565:
715:(falling tone) 'to snatch' vs.
1526:
1423:
719:(level tone) 'bad habit', and
1:
1417:
734:
365:for "where?" and Hindus have
544:
520:
498:
474:
450:
423:
383:
353:among Hindus, "to bathe" is
213:
7:
1748:. Allahabad: Bharati Press.
1739:. Allahabad: Bharati Press.
361:among Hindus; Muslims have
310:
10:
2069:
1753:Rensch, Calvin R. (1992).
707:(falling tone) 'fire' vs.
699:(falling tone) 'rope' vs.
2016:
1989:
1971:
1938:
1900:
1889:
1853:
1793:10.1017/S0041977X00137401
1613:, pp. 106, 114, 116.
703:(level tone) 'property';
391:
295:stream separates it from
235:in the north-west of the
170:
139:
123:
111:
106:
46:
36:
26:
21:
1709:, pp. 117–8, 142–4.
1321:'sister'). The palatal (
1637:, pp. 102, 120–21.
655:'make one play' – with
220:Awankari pronunciation:
1744:Bahri, Hardev (1963).
1735:Bahri, Hardev (1962).
1697:, pp. 116–7, 143.
1240:Among the fricatives,
263:separates it from the
227:) is a dialect of the
1589:, pp. 21–22, 26.
711:(level tone) 'rate',
1777:Shackle, Christopher
1193:/ are plosives (not
589:'marriage, guests',
283:dialect), while the
224:[əʋaːɳkaːɾi]
1661:, pp. 24, 113.
1535:, pp. 189–91;
1201:is more front than
741:
663:'mine', but not in
617:. The three vowels
585:'principal (sum)',
398:
291:. To the west, the
186: /
1724:Indian Linguistics
739:
645:a type of hot wind
396:
357:among Muslims and
349:among Muslims and
301:Danda Shah Bilawal
2040:
2039:
2012:
2011:
1847:Punjabi varieties
1759:Hindko and Gujari
1649:, pp. 113–5.
1601:, pp. 108–9.
1511:, pp. 202–7.
1475:, pp. 40–46.
1460:, pp. 32–33.
1448:, pp. 20–21.
1436:, pp. 12–20.
1354:retroflex lateral
1305:and the alveolar
1270:'came out') and /
1258:uvular fricatives
1116:
1115:
647:' contrasts with
567:
566:
371:retroflex lateral
251:Geographic extent
205:
204:
16:Dialect of Hindko
2060:
1898:
1897:
1861:Standard Punjabi
1840:
1833:
1826:
1817:
1816:
1812:
1772:
1749:
1740:
1731:
1710:
1704:
1698:
1692:
1686:
1680:
1674:
1668:
1662:
1656:
1650:
1644:
1638:
1632:
1626:
1620:
1614:
1608:
1602:
1596:
1590:
1584:
1578:
1569:
1563:
1557:
1551:
1545:
1539:
1530:
1524:
1518:
1512:
1506:
1500:
1494:
1488:
1482:
1476:
1470:
1461:
1455:
1449:
1443:
1437:
1427:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1394:'distant') is a
1393:
1389:
1383:
1379:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1326:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1297:
1293:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1269:
1265:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1232:
1228:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1192:
1186:
1180:
1174:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1152:voiced aspirated
1149:
1141:
1133:
1108:
1097:
1076:
1068:
1046:
1039:
1020:
1011:
1003:
996:
989:
975:
967:
961:
958:
951:
942:
937:
934:
927:
911:
908:
905:
899:
896:
893:
886:
883:
880:
874:
871:
868:
861:
858:
855:
849:
846:
843:
836:
833:
830:
824:
821:
818:
811:
808:
805:
799:
796:
793:
742:
738:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
679:The position of
675:Stress and tones
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
642:
628:
624:
620:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
561:
541:
528:
513:
495:
482:
469:
460:
447:
434:
399:
395:
379:
375:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
257:Chakwal District
233:Chakwal District
226:
221:
216:
201:
200:
198:
197:
196:
191:
187:
184:
183:
182:
179:
155:
154:
148:
135:
116:
52:
19:
18:
2068:
2067:
2063:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2058:
2057:
2053:Hindko dialects
2043:
2042:
2041:
2036:
2008:
1985:
1981:Pahari-Pothwari
1973:Pahari-Pothwari
1967:
1934:
1893:
1885:
1849:
1844:
1769:
1718:
1713:
1705:
1701:
1693:
1689:
1681:
1677:
1669:
1665:
1657:
1653:
1645:
1641:
1633:
1629:
1621:
1617:
1609:
1605:
1597:
1593:
1585:
1581:
1570:
1566:
1558:
1554:
1546:
1542:
1531:
1527:
1519:
1515:
1507:
1503:
1495:
1491:
1483:
1479:
1471:
1464:
1456:
1452:
1444:
1440:
1432:, p. 484;
1428:
1424:
1420:
1374:The retroflex /
1288:. The palatal /
1205:. The plosives
959:
935:
906:
900:
894:
881:
875:
869:
856:
850:
844:
831:
825:
819:
806:
800:
794:
756:
737:
677:
394:
386:
313:
253:
219:
194:
192:
190:32.91°N 72.17°E
188:
185:
180:
177:
175:
173:
172:
166:
165:
164:
163:
162:
161:
160:
156:
131:
112:
102:
53:
50:Language family
48:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2066:
2056:
2055:
2038:
2037:
2026:Baahar di boli
2017:
2014:
2013:
2010:
2009:
2007:
2006:
2001:
1995:
1993:
1987:
1986:
1984:
1983:
1977:
1975:
1969:
1968:
1966:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1944:
1942:
1936:
1935:
1933:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1906:
1904:
1902:Jatki language
1895:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1857:
1855:
1851:
1850:
1843:
1842:
1835:
1828:
1820:
1814:
1813:
1787:(3): 482–510.
1773:
1767:
1750:
1741:
1732:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1711:
1699:
1687:
1685:, p. 487.
1675:
1673:, p. 116.
1663:
1651:
1639:
1627:
1625:, p. 118.
1615:
1603:
1591:
1579:
1564:
1552:
1540:
1525:
1523:, p. 202.
1513:
1501:
1489:
1477:
1462:
1450:
1438:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1169:The phonemes /
1114:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1091:
1085:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1069:
1062:
1060:
1054:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1040:
1033:
1031:
1025:
1024:
1022:
1013:
1004:
997:
990:
983:
977:
976:
969:
952:
945:
943:
928:
921:
915:
914:
912:
887:
862:
837:
812:
787:
781:
780:
775:
770:
765:
760:
750:
745:
736:
733:
686:compound words
676:
673:
565:
564:
562:
555:
553:
551:
549:
543:
542:
535:
533:
531:
529:
522:
519:
518:
516:
514:
507:
505:
503:
497:
496:
489:
487:
485:
483:
476:
473:
472:
470:
463:
461:
454:
452:
449:
448:
441:
439:
437:
435:
428:
422:
421:
416:
414:
409:
407:
402:
393:
390:
385:
382:
312:
309:
252:
249:
203:
202:
168:
167:
158:
157:
150:
149:
143:
142:
141:
140:
137:
136:
129:
121:
120:
117:
109:
108:
107:Language codes
104:
103:
101:
100:
99:
98:
97:
96:
95:
94:
93:
92:
91:
90:
56:
54:
47:
44:
43:
38:
34:
33:
28:
27:Native to
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2065:
2054:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2020:
2015:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1988:
1982:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1970:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1937:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1899:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1841:
1836:
1834:
1829:
1827:
1822:
1821:
1818:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1768:969-8023-13-5
1764:
1760:
1756:
1751:
1747:
1742:
1738:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1720:
1719:
1708:
1703:
1696:
1691:
1684:
1679:
1672:
1667:
1660:
1655:
1648:
1643:
1636:
1631:
1624:
1619:
1612:
1607:
1600:
1595:
1588:
1583:
1577:
1573:
1568:
1561:
1556:
1550:, p. 34.
1549:
1544:
1538:
1534:
1529:
1522:
1517:
1510:
1505:
1499:, p. 61.
1498:
1493:
1487:, p. 48.
1486:
1481:
1474:
1469:
1467:
1459:
1454:
1447:
1442:
1435:
1431:
1426:
1422:
1415:
1401:
1397:
1388:
1378:
1372:
1355:
1350:
1331:
1327:) and velar (
1325:
1299:
1292:
1274:
1264:
1259:
1238:
1236:
1224:
1196:
1191:
1185:
1179:
1173:
1167:
1153:
1145:
1137:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1075:
1070:
1067:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1041:
1038:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1023:
1019:
1014:
1010:
1005:
1002:
998:
995:
991:
988:
984:
982:
979:
978:
974:
970:
966:
957:
953:
950:
946:
944:
941:
933:
929:
926:
922:
920:
917:
916:
913:
904:
892:
888:
879:
867:
863:
854:
842:
838:
829:
817:
813:
804:
792:
788:
786:
783:
782:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
761:
759:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
743:
732:
694:
689:
687:
682:
672:
646:
638:
634:
632:
616:
563:
560:
556:
554:
552:
550:
548:
545:
540:
536:
534:
532:
530:
527:
523:
521:
517:
515:
512:
508:
506:
504:
502:
499:
494:
490:
488:
486:
484:
481:
477:
475:
471:
468:
464:
462:
459:
455:
453:
451:
446:
442:
440:
438:
436:
433:
429:
427:
424:
420:
417:
415:
413:
410:
408:
406:
403:
401:
400:
389:
381:
372:
343:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
308:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
265:Ghebi dialect
262:
258:
248:
244:
242:
238:
234:
230:
225:
217:
215:
209:
199:
171:Coordinates:
169:
147:
138:
134:
130:
128:
127:
122:
118:
115:
110:
105:
89:
86:
85:
84:
81:
80:
79:
76:
75:
74:
71:
70:
69:
66:
65:
64:
61:
60:
59:
58:Indo-European
55:
51:
45:
42:
39:
35:
32:
29:
25:
20:
2022:Baar di Boli
2018:
1947:
1784:
1780:
1758:
1745:
1736:
1727:
1723:
1716:Bibliography
1702:
1690:
1683:Shackle 1980
1678:
1666:
1654:
1642:
1630:
1618:
1606:
1594:
1582:
1572:Shackle 1980
1567:
1555:
1543:
1528:
1516:
1504:
1492:
1480:
1453:
1441:
1430:Shackle 1980
1425:
1399:
1373:
1351:
1317:'one-eyed',
1300:
1239:
1168:
1117:
690:
678:
651:'hair', and
637:Nasal vowels
635:
568:
387:
344:
339:
335:
331:
328:Ankar stream
319:
316:Hardev Bahri
314:
254:
245:
239:province of
211:
207:
206:
195:32.91; 72.17
124:
87:
73:Northwestern
63:Indo-Iranian
2034:Khalsa bole
1398:(a "rolled
1162:with Reshi
1089:Approximant
740:Consonants
293:West Gabhir
277:East Gabhir
261:Sohan River
193: /
1707:Bahri 1963
1695:Bahri 1963
1671:Bahri 1963
1659:Bahri 1963
1647:Bahri 1963
1635:Bahri 1963
1623:Bahri 1963
1611:Bahri 1963
1599:Bahri 1963
1587:Bahri 1963
1576:Bahri 1963
1533:Bahri 1963
1521:Bahri 1963
1509:Bahri 1963
1497:Bahri 1963
1485:Bahri 1963
1473:Bahri 1963
1458:Bahri 1963
1446:Bahri 1963
1434:Bahri 1963
1418:References
1337:'curved',
1195:affricates
1166:'pocket'.
735:Consonants
601:'cattle',
285:Salt Range
68:Indo-Aryan
2019:See also:
1894:(Western)
1809:129436200
1801:0041-977X
1560:Bahl 1957
1548:Bahl 1957
1537:Bahl 1957
1390:/ (as in
1294:/ (as in
1266:/ (as in
1136:aspirated
1128:voiceless
1124:phonation
919:Fricative
763:Retroflex
671:'gold').
615:diphthong
581:'price',
384:Phonology
347:/zʊmerɑt/
237:Pakistani
126:Glottolog
114:ISO 639-3
2047:Category
2030:Derawali
1948:Awankari
1930:Shahpuri
1730:: 30–34.
1296:/ɕɪkɑru/
1235:alveolar
1225:, while
1160:/ɡʊtthi/
758:Alveolar
721:/ʌnɑ̀rɑ/
665:/bɪ.mɑr/
657:/kʰɪ̃ɖɑ/
605:'soft',
593:'dirt',
577:'mile',
573:'meet',
367:/kɪttʰe/
363:/kʌttʰe/
355:/ɖʱɑʋʊɳ/
351:/ʋirʋar/
324:Talagang
311:Dialects
289:Shahpuri
281:Dhanochi
214:Avāṅkārī
208:Awankari
159:Awankari
133:avan1234
88:Awankari
31:Pakistan
22:Awankari
1991:Saraiki
1953:Chhachi
1925:Lubanki
1920:Jhangvi
1854:Eastern
1359:(as in
1347:/ʋʌŋɡã/
1343:/ʋʌŋŋã/
1335:/ɖɪŋɡɑ/
1278:/roɣʊn/
1268:/nɪxtɑ/
1187:/ and /
1164:/ɡʊtti/
1150:), and
1126:types:
1120:plosive
1058:Lateral
785:Plosive
778:Glottal
768:Palatal
725:/ʌnɑrɑ/
669:/sonɑ̃/
661:/kʰɑ̃ɳ/
653:/kʰɪɖɑ/
597:'rub',
412:Central
397:Vowels
320:Waṇāḍhī
181:72°10′E
178:32°55′N
1999:Riasti
1963:Kohati
1940:Hindko
1891:Lahnda
1881:Puadhi
1876:Malwai
1807:
1799:
1765:
1361:/mɑɭi/
1339:/ɪɲɟe/
1319:/bʰɛɳ/
1315:/kɑɳɑ/
1223:dental
1217:, and
1144:voiced
1029:Rhotic
960:
936:
907:
895:
882:
870:
857:
845:
832:
820:
807:
795:
753:Dental
748:Labial
705:/bʱɑ̂/
697:/mɑ̂l/
681:stress
607:/pɔlɑ/
603:/polɑ/
392:Vowels
359:/nɦɔɳ/
336:Pākhṛī
326:. The
241:Punjab
229:Hindko
83:Hindko
78:Lahnda
41:Punjab
37:Region
2004:Thali
1958:Ghebi
1910:Dhani
1871:Majhi
1866:Doabi
1805:S2CID
1396:trill
1392:/dur/
1382:/kuɽ/
981:Nasal
773:Velar
717:/kʰo/
713:/kʰô/
709:/bʱɑ/
701:/mɑl/
631:short
613:as a
599:/mɑl/
595:/mʌl/
591:/mɛl/
587:/mel/
583:/mul/
579:/mʊl/
575:/mil/
571:/mɪl/
426:Close
405:Front
340:Rakhs
332:Reshī
297:Thali
273:Injra
269:Tarap
1915:Inku
1797:ISSN
1763:ISBN
1410:and
1352:The
1252:and
1233:are
1229:and
1221:are
1219:/dʰ/
1211:/tʰ/
1199:/cʰ/
1181:/, /
1175:/, /
1156:/bʱ/
1140:/pʰ/
1118:The
693:tone
649:/lũ/
641:/lu/
629:are
625:and
547:Open
419:Back
305:Lawa
303:and
271:and
1789:doi
1412:/ɕ/
1408:/s/
1404:/l/
1380:/ (
1369:/l/
1365:/l/
1357:/ɭ/
1349:).
1311:/ɳ/
1307:/n/
1303:/m/
1286:/ɡ/
1282:/ɣ/
1276:/ (
1254:/ɣ/
1250:/x/
1246:/z/
1242:/f/
1231:/l/
1227:/n/
1215:/d/
1207:/t/
1203:/c/
1148:/b/
1142:),
1134:),
1132:/p/
729:/ɦ/
627:/ʌ/
623:/ʊ/
619:/ɪ/
611:/ɔ/
501:Mid
378:/l/
374:/ɭ/
2049::
2032:,
2028:,
2024:,
1803:.
1795:.
1785:43
1783:.
1728:18
1726:.
1574:;
1465:^
1248:,
1244:,
1237:.
1213:,
1209:,
1190:ɟʰ
1178:cʰ
1077:)
1021:)
1012:)
968:)
910:ɡʱ
898:kʰ
885:ɟʱ
873:cʰ
860:ɖʱ
848:ʈʰ
835:dʱ
823:tʰ
810:bʱ
798:pʰ
633:.
621:,
380:.
342:.
307:.
243:.
218:,
1839:e
1832:t
1825:v
1811:.
1791::
1771:.
1562:.
1400:r
1387:r
1377:ɽ
1330:ŋ
1324:ɲ
1291:ɕ
1273:ɣ
1263:x
1260:/
1184:ɟ
1172:c
1154:(
1146:(
1138:(
1130:(
1106:j
1095:ʋ
1074:ɭ
1071:(
1066:l
1044:ɽ
1037:r
1018:ŋ
1015:(
1009:ɲ
1006:(
1001:ɳ
994:n
987:m
973:ɦ
965:ɣ
962:(
956:x
949:ɕ
940:z
932:s
925:f
903:ɡ
891:k
878:ɟ
866:c
853:ɖ
841:ʈ
828:d
816:t
803:b
791:p
755:/
643:'
559:ɑ
539:ɔ
526:ɛ
511:ʌ
493:o
480:e
467:ʊ
458:ɪ
445:u
432:i
210:(
119:–
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