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522:. Chari notes that the sects share a common allegiance to Nammalvar and Ramanuja. and that their subsequent significant thinkers "wholly accepted the authority and importance" of both linguistic styles. Harold Schiffman says that the linguistic schism reflects wider underlying doctrinal differences between the populist southern school and the social conservatism of the north, with Tamil historically being a language understood by the masses. while Sanskrit was elitist and "caste-bound".
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receptive to a more inclusive theory. His metaphorical devices suggested that devotion through ritual "earned" salvation but also that salvation was given through the grace of God. Subsequently, some time around the fourteenth century, the
Iyengar community divided into two sects. Both sects maintained a reverence for his works but were increasingly divided due to the doctrinal uncertainties evident in them.
177:
545:... their views on the nature of divine grace - while the Thenkalai holds that devotion is all that is necessary and that god will on his own initiative carry the devotee to salvation, like a cat carrying a kitten, the Vadakalai holds that man has to win god's grace through his efforts and he has to cling on to god, like an infant monkey clinging on to its mother.
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S. Dasgupta is quoted by Thomas
Manninezhath: "Though the leaders themselves were actuated by a spirit of sympathy with one another, yet their followers made much of these little differences in their views and constantly quarrelled with one another, and it is a well-known fact that these sectarian
773:
Tamil
Brahmin weddings are held to a distinct standard of religious orthodoxy in comparison to the ceremonies of other communities. They consist of age-old traditions, enactments, time-bound customs, as well as practices for securing kinship affiliations for the sacred initiation of the bride into
582:
Vadakalai
Iyengars believe that it is necessary to offer obeisance/prostration to God multiple times, while Tenkalai Iyengars believe that it is enough if you offer obeisance/prostration to God once. This is the reason why a Vadakalai Iyengar is often seen prostrating four times, while Tenkalai
497:
philosophy that demanded adherents have a good command of
Sanskrit texts and a ritualized approach to life and devotion. This outlook marginalized women and members of the Shudra Varna because they were barred from learning the Sanskrit Vedas. Ramanuja later changed his position and became more
455:
as "the founding interpreter of Sri
Vaisnavite scripture," while Anne Overzee says that he was a collator and interpreter rather than an original thinker. Although showing originality in his method of synthesizing the Tamil and Sanskrit sources, Ranjeeta Dutta said that the two sets of sources
553:
difference between the two schools of thought, and Carman says that "... both accord primacy to divine grace, but one group feels it necessary to insist that there is no human contribution at all to the attainment of salvation." These variations in interpretation of the nature of
688:, argues from a study of the history of Tamil literature that this accusation is inaccurate and factually wrong. He notes that the Brahmin was chosen as a scapegoat to answer for the decline of Tamil civilisation and culture in the medieval and post-medieval periods.
701:
Hebbar
Iyengar or Hebbari Srivaishnava is a caste of Hindu Brahmins of Tamil origin whose members follow the Visishtadvaita philosophy propounded by Ramanuja. They are found primarily in the Indian state of Karnataka especially in Southern Districts.
1053:
Social Groups of Tamil Nadu: Badagas, Kongu
Vellalar, Iyer, Boyar, Iyengar, Paravar, Nagarathar, Rajus, Nadar, Balija, Pallar, Kamma, Thondaimandala Mudaliar, Arya Vysyas, Paraiyar, Saurashtra Language, Maravar, Sengunthar, Vadama, Kapu, Kotas, Toda
673:. The Justice Party banked on vehement anti-Hindu and anti-Brahmin propaganda to ease Brahmins out of their privileged positions. Gradually, the non-Brahmin replaced the Brahmin in every sphere and destroyed the monopoly over education and the
734:
Chelluru
Iyengars are a subgroup of Tenkalai Iyengars, believed to have migrated from Selvanallur ( a village in banks of Godavari) and settled in and around Madurai as early as 9th Century. Chelluru Iyengars follow Ramanujacharya and
501:
The
Vadakalai sect is referred to as the "Northern" culture or school, and the Tenkalai sect is the "Southern" culture or school. These cultures reference the perceived prominence given by the sects to the terse style of
1851:
Pg.128 Studies in social history: modern India, O. P. Bhatnagar, India. University Grants Commission, University of Allahabad. Dept. of Modern Indian History, St. Paul's Press Training School – 1964
774:
her new family. These are performed in an elaborate fashion that are intended to secure the blessings of both God and one's ancestors. A typical Iyengar wedding is made up of the following events:
661:, a part of which is now Tamil Nadu. Since independence, grievances and alleged instances of discrimination by Brahmins in Tamil Nadu are believed to be the main factors which fueled the
451:
became the principal amongst religious leaders who formalized the efforts of Nathamuni as a theology. Ramanuja developed the philosophy of Visishtadvaita and is described by
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truth and the Tamil oral variants to be based on human experience of the same. This community became immersed in the dual-language worship in temples where issues of
2944:
568:, referring to the young of cats and monkeys. They give rise to another naming convention for the two sects, being the "monkey school" and the "cat school".
665:
and marginalised them. This, in combination with the depressed economic and social conditions of non-Brahmins, led the non-Brahmins to agitate and form the
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1506:
The distinction between the two schools is the degree of self-effort or God's grace required for one's surrender to the Lord and release from rebirth."
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There were also accusations that they were Sanskritists who had a contemptuous attitude towards Tamil language, culture and civilisation.
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714:. Mandayam Iyengars also speak a different dialect of Tamil called as Mandayam Tamil. Mandayam Iyengars follow Ramanujacharya and
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in the eighteenth century and on other occasions legal processes have been used in attempts to settle the control of temples.
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436:. A scriptural equivalence was accepted by the community that formed from his works. The Sanskrit texts are considered to be
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2060:"Bangalore First » Blog Archive » Pages from History : Why Mandyam Iyengars do not observe Deepavali ?"
2007:
537:. Although eighteen points of difference between the two Iyengar sects are generally recognised, being referred to as the
3240:
1224:
Dutta, Ranjeeta (September–October 2007). "Texts, Tradition and Community Identity: The Srivaisnavas of South India".
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510:, respectively. S. M. Srinivasa Chari believes this linguistic differentiation to be overstated. The Vadakalai favour
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A Brief Sketch of Travancore, the Model State of India: The Country, Its People and Its Progress Under the Maharajah
56:
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on both an emotional and intellectual plane. The belief is that he set this collection - commonly called the
820:
The groom embarks on a mock pilgrimage before the father of the bride requests him to come back to the wedding
428: - to music, and he introduced the devotional hymns of the alvars into worship, thus mixing their Tamil
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718:. Mandyam Iyengars do not celebrate the popular Hindu festival of Diwali in remembrance of the day
710:
Mandayam Iyengars are a subgroup of Iyengars, settled in various parts of Karnataka, predominantly
31:
17:
410:, who lived around 900 CE. He is traditionally believed to have collected the 4,000 works of
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community. All three men were Tamils, although Ramanuja documented his thoughts in Sanskrit.
8:
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2538:
2493:
1865:
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The Body Divine: The Symbol of the Body in the Works of Teilhard de Chardin and Ramanuja
1260:
The Body Divine: The Symbol of the Body in the Works of Teilhard de Chardin and Ramanuja
595:, "aggressive". Thomas Manninezhath notes an intensification of disputes at the time of
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Vedic philosophy holds that the supreme goal in life is to attain the blissful state of
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Majesty and Meekness: A Comparative Study of Contrast and Harmony in the Concept of God
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Majesty and Meekness: A Comparative Study of Contrast and Harmony in the Concept of God
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Majesty and Meekness: A Comparative Study of Contrast and Harmony in the Concept of God
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Majesty and Meekness: A Comparative Study of Contrast and Harmony in the Concept of God
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Majesty and Meekness: A Comparative Study of Contrast and Harmony in the Concept of God
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massacred close to 1500 men, women and children of this community on Diwali of 1773 in
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system, and accepted those of lower castes into their temples. The sect was founded by
657:, Brahmins had a significant presence in the government posts and education system of
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The traditional biographies of Ramanuja place his life in the period of 1017–1137 CE,
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Caste, Class & Power: Changing Patterns of Stratification in a Tanjore Village
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The couple exchanges garlands and sit on a decorated swing while ladies sing songs
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541:, most of these are minor. Abraham Eraly describes a principal difference, being
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2015:
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was first used by Kandhādai Ramanuja Ayyangār of Tirupati, around 1450 CE.
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Ritualizing on the Boundaries: Continuity and Innovation in the Tamil Diaspora
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1993:
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Bhakti Poetry in Medieval India: Its Inception, Cultural Encounter and Impact
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Bhakti Poetry in Medieval India: Its Inception, Cultural Encounter and Impact
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957:
936:
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456:"continued to be parallel to each other and not incorporative" at this time.
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154:
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2809:
2454:
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2090:. Vol. 20. Director, Anthropological Survey of India, Indian Museum.
533:, being the process of liberation of the suffering soul from the cycle of
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Nathamuni and Ramanuja were both Brahmins, while Nammalvar was of the
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609:
482:
411:
400:
250:
242:
148:
88:
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1296:. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press. pp. 139–141.
560:– loosely translated "self-surrender to god" – are called
471:
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2774:
2670:
2630:
2424:
503:
460:
448:
433:
393:
334:
230:
218:
116:
418:, the poet-saints of Southern India who were intensely devoted to
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The Perfectibility of Human Nature in Eastern and Western Thought
1293:
The Perfectibility of Human Nature in Eastern and Western Thought
962:
711:
613:
591:
The sectarian rivalry has at times been bitter and, according to
526:
515:
407:
1904:
Harmony of Religions: Vedanta Siddhanta Samarasam of Tayumanavar
1775:
Indian Philosophy: An Introduction to Hindu and Buddhist Thought
1613:
Harmony of Religions: Vedanta Siddhanta Samarasam of Tayumanavar
2984:
2728:
2602:
2083:
1999:
1494:. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press. p. 139.
530:
494:
419:
415:
269:
There are several opinions regarding the etymology of the term
3004:
2847:
2839:
2799:
2675:
2350:
441:
215:
72:
3092:
3019:
2655:
1800:"Tamil Nadu, Religious Condition under Vijaya Nagar Empire"
1057:(Revised ed.). India: General Books LLC. p. 174.
952:
862:
The groom and bride take seven steps around the sacred fire
793:
Heralding the arrival of the groom and inviting him to the
571:
Unlike the Vadakalai, the Tenkalai Iyengar sect reject the
429:
358:
133:
892:
The bride and groom play games while the guests sing songs
399:
The Iyengar community traces its philosophical origins to
850:
The couple is blessed with the showering of coloured rice
1129:
2254:
The Smile of Murugan on Tamil Literature of South India
880:
The wedding is followed by a feast for the new families
637:
has been the most prominent Iyengar in Indian politics
493:
Ramanuja was initially a proponent of the traditional
1161:
Davids, T. W. Rhys; Stede, William (1 January 2015).
802:
Commitment to be married is made and announced to all
273:, which is the anglicized form of the Dravidian word
2035:
Companion Studies to the History of Tamil Literature
1983:
1135:
144:
2079:
2077:
1026:The eighteen sectarian differences are detailed in
602:
249:, Iyengars are divided into two denominations, the
2188:
2157:
1932:
1869:
2271:
1820:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1342:
1340:
518:and the Tenkalai prefer instead the teachings of
3227:
2074:
1407:. Vol. 3. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 94.
1323:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. pp. 101–102.
832:The couple is protected from 'dhrishti' evil eye
757:The rite of passage ceremony of an Iyengar boy (
2087:Bulletin of the Anthropological Survey of India
1827:. Vol. 1. Anmol Publications. p. 86.
1694:Philosophy and Theistic Mysticism of the Alvars
1667:Philosophy and Theistic Mysticism of the Alvars
1581:Philosophy and Theistic Mysticism of the Alvars
1028:History of Sri Vaishnavism in the Tamil country
844:The groom ties the sacred 'thaali' on the bride
2052:
1841:
1598:
1380:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 30–31.
1337:
769:Sri Balmukundacharya in typical Iyengar attire
2318:
2290:
1480:
1478:
781:Exchange of gifts between the bride and groom
61:A 19th century illustration of an Iyengar man
2138:"Mandyam community still feels Tipu's sword"
1975:. Tehelka.com. 22 April 2006. Archived from
1900:
1609:
1573:
1571:
1516:
1514:
1252:
1250:
1194:The Journal of the American Oriental Society
2008:"Education is the means of social mobility"
1939:(5th ed.). Popular Prakashan. p.
1876:. University of California Press. pp.
1778:. Edinburgh University Press. p. 224.
1751:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 148.
1547:
1461:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 147.
1427:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1160:
1140:. Anmol Publications PVT LTD. p. 898.
1109:Babu, D. Shyam; Khare, Ravindra S. (2011).
874:The bride is welcomed into her marital home
868:The bride' s family welcomes the son-in-law
2325:
2311:
2228:
1792:
1527:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 95.
1475:
1353:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 80.
1263:. Cambridge University Press. p. 35.
995:Nathamuni is thought to have been born at
55:
2111:
2107:
2105:
1847:
1721:The First Spring: The Golden Age of India
1670:. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 143–144.
1636:
1568:
1511:
1282:
1280:
1247:
1108:
583:Iyengars are seen prostrating only once.
2247:
2194:
2163:
2084:Anthropological Survey of India (1971).
2028:
1864:
1400:
1208:
1115:. Pearson Education India. p. 168.
1112:Caste in Life: Experiencing Inequalities
1030:(N. Jagadeesan, Koodal Publishers, 1977)
764:
752:
640:
626:
481:
470:
388:
2332:
2005:
1373:
1256:
677:which the Brahmin had previously held.
14:
3228:
2166:"Iyengar Marriage Rituals – Part Four"
2102:
1927:
1744:
1640:Linguistic Culture and Language Policy
1520:
1484:
1454:
1346:
1316:
1286:
1277:
1187:
622:varna-Based Reservations in Tamil Nadu
432:with the traditional Vedas written in
2306:
1717:
1690:
1663:
1577:
1223:
1091:
289:
261:classification of Brahmins in India.
201:
1771:
1724:. Penguin Books India. p. 853.
1697:. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 240.
1584:. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 244.
1188:Lester, Robert C. (1 January 1994).
1167:. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 250.
586:
67:Regions with significant populations
30:For other people named Iyengar, see
2272:Ghosh, G. K.; Shukla Ghosh (2003).
1907:. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 26.
1616:. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 35.
1138:Encyclopaedia of Hinduism, Volume 7
1049:
749:Vishishtadvaita and Sri Vaishnavism
24:
2222:
1848:Bhatnagar, O. P. (20 March 2007).
1824:Encyclopaedia of Indian Philosophy
742:
25:
3292:
3271:Brahmin communities of Tamil Nadu
2195:Gariyali, C. K. (11 March 2002).
2164:Gariyali, C. K. (16 April 2002).
1098:. Modern Star Press. p. 114.
896:
384:
3266:Brahmin communities of Karnataka
2375:
2369:
2233:. University of South Carolina.
2038:. BRILL. pp. 212–213, 216.
1554:. Sarup & Sons. p. 19.
1434:. Sarup & Sons. p. 28.
669:in 1916, which later became the
603:Relations with other communities
297:One is that it derives from the
175:
161:
147:
2022:
2006:Warrier, Shobha (30 May 2006).
1957:
1921:
1894:
1858:
1814:
1765:
1738:
1711:
1691:Chari, S. M. Srinivasa (1997).
1684:
1664:Chari, S. M. Srinivasa (1997).
1657:
1643:. Routledge. pp. 183–184.
1630:
1578:Chari, S. M. Srinivasa (1997).
1541:
1448:
1421:
1394:
1367:
1310:
1020:
1010:
989:
980:
838:The father gives away the bride
257:. The community belongs to the
1548:Sadarangani, Neeti M. (2004).
1428:Sadarangani, Neeti M. (2004).
1404:A History of Indian Philosophy
1181:
1154:
1102:
1085:
1043:
914:
13:
1:
1901:Manninezhath, Thomas (1993).
1637:Schiffman, Harold F. (1998).
1610:Manninezhath, Thomas (1993).
1136:Nagendra Kumar Singh (1999).
1077:: CS1 maint: date and year (
1050:Llc, Books (September 2010).
968:
814:Anointing the bride and groom
369:, meaning respect or esteem.
691:
549:Coward considers this to be
264:
7:
3261:Social groups of Tamil Nadu
1374:Overzee, Anne Hunt (1992).
1257:Overzee, Anne Hunt (1992).
1092:Aiyar, S. Ramanath (1903).
946:
856:Lighting of the sacred fire
705:
632:Chakravarti Rajagopalachari
506:traditions and the lyrical
10:
3297:
2955:Chitrapur Saraswat Brahmin
2367:
2296:The Sri Vaishnava Brahmins
1821:Vraj Kumar Pandey (2007).
1190:"The Sattada Srivaisnavas"
900:
787:Blessing the wedding venue
746:
379:
349:) which in Sanskrit means
29:
3241:Surnames of Indian origin
3192:
3164:Sakalpuri Havyaka Brahmin
3144:
3111:
3068:
2935:
2904:
2861:
2838:
2760:
2742:
2724:Kudaldeshkar Gaud Brahmin
2684:
2611:
2578:
2562:
2514:Hoysala Karnataka Brahmin
2484:
2463:
2417:
2384:
2341:
2229:W. Clothey, Fred (2006).
2197:"Iyengar Marriage Part 1"
1017:quarrels exist even now".
886:Post-wedding celebrations
696:
466:
372:Another is that the word
318:
282:
229:philosophy propounded by
132:
127:
115:
110:
99:
94:
71:
66:
54:
47:
3276:South Indian communities
3236:Surnames of Hindu origin
2960:Rajapur Saraswat Brahmin
2734:Rajapur Saraswat Brahmin
1990:Caste in Indian Politics
1745:Carman, John B. (1994).
1521:Carman, John B. (1994).
1455:Carman, John B. (1994).
1401:Dasgupta, S. N. (1991).
1347:Carman, John B. (1994).
1317:Carman, John B. (1994).
907:
357:refers to a form of the
48:
32:Iyengar (disambiguation)
2598:Shivalli Madhva Brahmin
1935:Caste and Race in India
1929:Ghurye, Govind Sadashiv
1718:Eraly, Abraham (2011).
1243:(subscription required)
1164:Pali-English Dictionary
999:, Ramanuja was born at
675:administrative services
447:A century or so later,
259:Pancha Dravida Brahmana
221:, whose members follow
27:Tamil Brahmin community
3210:Roman Catholic Brahmin
2945:Saraswat Kundiya Samaj
1967:Superiority in Numbers
1772:King, Richard (1999).
770:
762:
730:Chelluru / Selvanallur
650:
638:
547:
490:
479:
396:
233:. Found mostly in the
3040:Sidhra-Rudhra Brahmin
2950:Gaud Saraswat Brahmin
1979:on 18 September 2012.
768:
756:
663:Self-Respect Movement
655:independence of India
644:
630:
543:
485:
474:
392:
128:Related ethnic groups
806:Jadhaga Naamagaranam
444:were of no concern.
3251:Hindu denominations
3098:Kanyakumari Brahmin
2539:Panchagrama Brahmin
2494:Babburkamme Brahmin
2062:. bangalorefirst.in
1003:, and Nammalvar at
203:[ɐjːɐŋɡaːr]
44:
3184:Koteshwara Brahmin
3126:Mulukanadu Brahmin
3035:Saryuparin Brahmin
2805:Kanyakubja Brahmin
2785:Kanyakubja Brahmin
2534:Koteshwara Brahmin
2499:Badaganadu Brahmin
2445:Kanyakubja Brahmin
2399:Kanyakubja Brahmin
2361:Kanyakubja Brahmin
2143:The Times of India
2112:Roy, S.C. (1937).
2030:Zvelebil, Kamil V.
1802:. tamilnadu.ind.in
878:Sambandhi Virandhu
808:Re-naming of bride
771:
763:
737:Manavala Mamunigal
716:Manavala Mamunigal
651:
645:Iyengar children,
639:
610:Criticism of Iyers
491:
480:
397:
333:equivalent of the
291:[əjəŋɡɑːɾ]
42:
3223:
3222:
2937:Saraswat Brahmins
2795:Golapurab Brahmin
2704:Deshastha Brahmin
2699:Daivadnya Brahmin
2694:Chitpavan Brahmin
2613:Malayali Brahmins
2588:Deshastha Brahmin
2563:Kashmiri Brahmins
2524:Karnataka Brahmin
2519:Kandavara Brahmin
2464:Garhwali Brahmins
2343:Assamese Brahmins
2283:978-81-7102-107-9
2240:978-1-57003-647-7
1973:, April 22, 2006"
1950:978-81-7154-205-5
1887:978-0-520-02053-5
1834:978-81-261-3112-9
1785:978-0-7486-0954-3
1758:978-0-8028-0693-2
1731:978-0-670-08478-4
1704:978-81-208-1342-7
1677:978-81-208-1342-7
1650:978-0-415-18406-9
1591:978-81-208-1342-7
1561:978-81-7625-436-6
1534:978-0-8028-0693-2
1501:978-0-7914-7335-1
1486:Coward, Harold G.
1468:978-0-8028-0693-2
1441:978-81-7625-436-6
1414:978-81-208-0414-2
1387:978-0-521-38516-9
1360:978-0-8028-0693-2
1330:978-0-8028-0693-2
1303:978-0-7914-7335-1
1288:Coward, Harold G.
1270:978-0-521-38516-9
1174:978-81-208-3772-0
1147:978-81-7488-168-7
1122:978-81-317-5439-9
1064:978-1-157-56781-3
842:Mangalya Dharanam
671:Dravidar Kazhagam
587:Sectarian rivalry
577:Pillai Lokacharya
508:Tamil Prabhandams
425:Tamil Prabhandams
143:
142:
16:(Redirected from
3288:
3154:Sthanika Brahmin
3136:Vaidiki Velanadu
3055:Brahmin Swarnkar
3050:Shrimali Brahmin
3010:Hussaini Brahmin
2990:Audichya Brahmin
2980:Sanadhya Brahmin
2975:Dadheech Brahmin
2886:Hussaini Brahmin
2863:Punjabi Brahmins
2853:Saraswat Brahmin
2830:Sanadhya Brahmin
2825:Naramdev Brahmin
2744:Manipuri Brahmin
2709:Devrukhe Brahmin
2686:Marathi Brahmins
2666:Pushpaka Brahmin
2593:Shivalli Brahmin
2570:Kashmiri Pandits
2549:Shivalli Brahmin
2544:Sankethi Brahmin
2486:Kannada Brahmins
2386:Bengali Brahmins
2379:
2373:
2327:
2320:
2313:
2304:
2303:
2299:
2287:
2268:
2244:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2203:. Archived from
2192:
2186:
2185:
2183:
2181:
2176:on 28 April 2002
2172:. Archived from
2161:
2155:
2154:
2152:
2150:
2134:
2128:
2127:
2109:
2100:
2099:
2081:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2056:
2050:
2049:
2026:
2020:
2019:
2014:. Archived from
2003:
1997:
1987:
1981:
1980:
1961:
1955:
1954:
1938:
1925:
1919:
1918:
1898:
1892:
1891:
1875:
1862:
1856:
1855:
1845:
1839:
1838:
1818:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1796:
1790:
1789:
1769:
1763:
1762:
1742:
1736:
1735:
1715:
1709:
1708:
1688:
1682:
1681:
1661:
1655:
1654:
1634:
1628:
1627:
1607:
1596:
1595:
1575:
1566:
1565:
1545:
1539:
1538:
1518:
1509:
1508:
1482:
1473:
1472:
1452:
1446:
1445:
1425:
1419:
1418:
1398:
1392:
1391:
1371:
1365:
1364:
1344:
1335:
1334:
1314:
1308:
1307:
1284:
1275:
1274:
1254:
1245:
1244:
1241:
1226:Social Scientist
1221:
1206:
1205:
1185:
1179:
1178:
1158:
1152:
1151:
1133:
1127:
1126:
1106:
1100:
1099:
1089:
1083:
1082:
1076:
1068:
1047:
1031:
1024:
1018:
1014:
1008:
993:
987:
984:
940:
918:
903:List of Iyengars
812:Nandi or Vratham
800:Nischayathartham
539:ashtadasa bhedas
320:
309:), which became
293:
288:
284:
205:
185:
180:
179:
178:
171:
166:
165:
164:
157:
152:
151:
59:
45:
41:
21:
3296:
3295:
3291:
3290:
3289:
3287:
3286:
3285:
3246:Vaishnava sects
3226:
3225:
3224:
3219:
3188:
3174:Karhade Brahmin
3159:Havyaka Brahmin
3140:
3121:Dravida Brahmin
3107:
3064:
3045:Sompura Brahmin
3000:Girnara Brahmin
2931:
2900:
2857:
2840:Nepali Brahmins
2834:
2815:Malviya Brahmin
2780:Gayawal Brahmin
2762:Maithil Brahmin
2756:
2752:Kamrupi Brahmin
2738:
2719:Konkani Brahmin
2714:Karhade Brahmin
2680:
2607:
2580:Madhva Brahmins
2574:
2558:
2504:Havyaka Brahmin
2480:
2471:Gangari Brahmin
2459:
2450:Maithil Brahmin
2435:Gayawal Brahmin
2430:Bairagi Brahmin
2418:Bihari Brahmins
2413:
2380:
2365:
2356:Kamrupi Brahmin
2337:
2331:
2284:
2265:
2249:Zvelebil, Kamil
2241:
2225:
2223:Further reading
2220:
2210:
2208:
2193:
2189:
2179:
2177:
2162:
2158:
2148:
2146:
2136:
2135:
2131:
2110:
2103:
2082:
2075:
2065:
2063:
2058:
2057:
2053:
2046:
2027:
2023:
2004:
2000:
1988:
1984:
1963:
1962:
1958:
1951:
1926:
1922:
1915:
1899:
1895:
1888:
1866:Béteille, André
1863:
1859:
1846:
1842:
1835:
1819:
1815:
1805:
1803:
1798:
1797:
1793:
1786:
1770:
1766:
1759:
1743:
1739:
1732:
1716:
1712:
1705:
1689:
1685:
1678:
1662:
1658:
1651:
1635:
1631:
1624:
1608:
1599:
1592:
1576:
1569:
1562:
1546:
1542:
1535:
1519:
1512:
1502:
1483:
1476:
1469:
1453:
1449:
1442:
1426:
1422:
1415:
1399:
1395:
1388:
1372:
1368:
1361:
1345:
1338:
1331:
1315:
1311:
1304:
1285:
1278:
1271:
1255:
1248:
1242:
1232:(9/10): 22–43.
1222:
1209:
1186:
1182:
1175:
1159:
1155:
1148:
1134:
1130:
1123:
1107:
1103:
1090:
1086:
1070:
1069:
1065:
1048:
1044:
1035:
1034:
1025:
1021:
1015:
1011:
994:
990:
985:
981:
971:
949:
944:
943:
925:British English
919:
915:
910:
905:
899:
751:
745:
743:Wedding customs
708:
699:
694:
659:Madras province
618:Anti-Brahminism
605:
589:
520:Manavala Mamuni
469:
387:
382:
299:Proto-Dravidian
286:
267:
235:Southern Indian
223:Sri Vaishnavism
183:Hinduism portal
181:
176:
174:
167:
162:
160:
153:
146:
121:Sri Vaishnavism
75:
62:
50:
40:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3294:
3284:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3256:Tamil Brahmins
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3221:
3220:
3218:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3200:Pancha-Dravida
3196:
3194:
3190:
3189:
3187:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3150:
3148:
3146:Tuluva Brahmin
3142:
3141:
3139:
3138:
3133:
3131:Niyogi Brahmin
3128:
3123:
3117:
3115:
3113:Telugu Brahmin
3109:
3108:
3106:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3083:Hebbar Iyengar
3080:
3074:
3072:
3070:Tamil Brahmins
3066:
3065:
3063:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3025:Mohyal Brahmin
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2995:Bardai Brahmin
2992:
2987:
2985:Anavil Brahmin
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2941:
2939:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2929:
2927:Utkala Brahmin
2924:
2919:
2914:
2908:
2906:
2902:
2901:
2899:
2898:
2896:Mohyal Brahmin
2893:
2888:
2883:
2881:Gautam Brahmin
2878:
2873:
2867:
2865:
2859:
2858:
2856:
2855:
2850:
2848:Jaishi Brahmin
2844:
2842:
2836:
2835:
2833:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2790:Gautam Brahmin
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2766:
2764:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2754:
2748:
2746:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2690:
2688:
2682:
2681:
2679:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2617:
2615:
2609:
2608:
2606:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2584:
2582:
2576:
2575:
2573:
2572:
2566:
2564:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2556:
2554:Smarta Brahmin
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2509:Hebbar Iyengar
2506:
2501:
2496:
2490:
2488:
2482:
2481:
2479:
2478:
2476:Sarola Brahmin
2473:
2467:
2465:
2461:
2460:
2458:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2421:
2419:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2411:
2409:Utkala Brahmin
2406:
2401:
2396:
2390:
2388:
2382:
2381:
2368:
2366:
2364:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2347:
2345:
2339:
2338:
2330:
2329:
2322:
2315:
2307:
2301:
2300:
2288:
2282:
2269:
2263:
2245:
2239:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2218:
2207:on 22 May 2002
2201:Chennai Online
2187:
2170:Chennai Online
2156:
2129:
2118:. A. K. Bose.
2101:
2073:
2051:
2044:
2021:
2018:on 4 May 2008.
1998:
1982:
1956:
1949:
1920:
1913:
1893:
1886:
1857:
1840:
1833:
1813:
1791:
1784:
1764:
1757:
1737:
1730:
1710:
1703:
1683:
1676:
1656:
1649:
1629:
1622:
1597:
1590:
1567:
1560:
1540:
1533:
1510:
1500:
1474:
1467:
1447:
1440:
1420:
1413:
1393:
1386:
1366:
1359:
1336:
1329:
1309:
1302:
1276:
1269:
1246:
1207:
1180:
1173:
1153:
1146:
1128:
1121:
1101:
1084:
1063:
1041:
1033:
1032:
1019:
1009:
1005:Alvartirunakam
988:
978:
977:
970:
967:
966:
965:
960:
958:Tamil Brahmins
955:
948:
945:
942:
941:
935:spelling from
927:spelling, and
912:
911:
909:
906:
901:Main article:
898:
897:Notable people
895:
894:
893:
887:
881:
875:
872:Gruhapravesham
869:
866:Nagoli Vasthra
863:
857:
851:
845:
839:
833:
827:
821:
815:
809:
803:
797:
788:
782:
744:
741:
707:
704:
698:
695:
693:
690:
682:Kamil Zvelebil
604:
601:
593:Andre Beteille
588:
585:
512:Vedanta Desika
468:
465:
386:
385:Common origins
383:
381:
378:
266:
263:
247:Andhra Pradesh
227:Visishtadvaita
208:ethnoreligious
187:
186:
172:
158:
141:
140:
130:
129:
125:
124:
113:
112:
108:
107:
97:
96:
92:
91:
85:Andhra Pradesh
69:
68:
64:
63:
60:
52:
51:
38:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3293:
3282:
3281:Indian castes
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3233:
3231:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3197:
3195:
3191:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3151:
3149:
3147:
3143:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3118:
3116:
3114:
3110:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3078:Ashtasahasram
3076:
3075:
3073:
3071:
3067:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3030:Nagar Brahmin
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2942:
2940:
2938:
2934:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2909:
2907:
2905:Odia Brahmins
2903:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2864:
2860:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2841:
2837:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2820:Nagar Brahmin
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2770:Aboti Brahmin
2768:
2767:
2765:
2763:
2759:
2753:
2750:
2749:
2747:
2745:
2741:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2691:
2689:
2687:
2683:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2671:Pushpaka Unni
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2616:
2614:
2610:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2585:
2583:
2581:
2577:
2571:
2568:
2567:
2565:
2561:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2491:
2489:
2487:
2483:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2468:
2466:
2462:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2416:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2404:Kulin Brahmin
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2387:
2383:
2378:
2372:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2348:
2346:
2344:
2340:
2335:
2328:
2323:
2321:
2316:
2314:
2309:
2308:
2305:
2297:
2293:
2292:K. Rangachari
2289:
2285:
2279:
2276:. Firma KLM.
2275:
2274:Brahmin Women
2270:
2266:
2264:90-04-03591-5
2260:
2256:
2255:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2236:
2232:
2227:
2226:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2191:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2160:
2145:
2144:
2139:
2133:
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