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to the Loire with
Toulouse as its capital. The language commonly spoken by the Vascons was Aquitanian, although its area of influence continued to decline with the increasing Romanisation of the region from the 1st century BC. The Duchy of Gascony became fragmented from the 9th century onwards, allowing the creation of the Viscounty of Bearn. The people of Béarn thus organised themselves for the first time in an entity of their own. The first reigning dynasty was the Centulle family. It was also at this time, around the 8th or 9th century, that Beneharnum was devastated by the Normans. Morlaàs then became the new capital of a nascent principality. The Centulle allowed the primitive Béarn to extend to the south and east, and several marriages led to the integration of the viscounty of Oloron around 1050 and then that of Montaner in 1085. The county of Orthez was annexed in 1194 under the Moncade dynasty, and all these territories together formed the historic Béarn, which kept its borders intact until the Revolution.
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medieval period. From the 11th to the 14th century, Béarn was tossed between the zones of influence of the Dukes of
Gascony, the Kings of Aragon, the Kings of England and the Kings of France. Béarn remained under the control of the dukes of Gascony after its division in the 9th century, and this link was already very weak in the second half of the 11th century. Vassalage was only theoretical under Gaston IV the Crusader, who took part in the first crusade and the Reconquista. He played a decisive role alongside Alfonso I of Aragon. Bearn became the ally of Aragon, breaking the last links with Gascony. This alliance was initially balanced, but the union of Aragon with Catalonia in 1137 broke this balance in favour of Aragon. Béarn became a vassal county of the Aragonese crown, which tried to create a vast ensemble on both sides of the Pyrenees.
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England, and Foix a vassal of the kings of France. The beginnings of the future
Hundred Years' War between the two kingdoms were already coming, complicating the balance within this new dynasty even more. Until Gaston II of Foix-Béarn, the position of the sovereigns of Béarn oscillated between neutrality and following the French positions (without paying tribute). The people of Bearn were reluctant to follow a policy favourable to the kings of France, they felt that they belonged to the Gascon community and saw the kingdom of France as a foreign land. It was not until
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kings of
England to demand the return of Bearn to the Gascon fold. In spite of his desire of independence, Gaston VII pays homage to the king of England in 1240. The return of Béarn to the Gascon sphere of influence is also reflected by a change of capital, Orthez (closer to Gascony) replaces Morlaàs in 1242. Gaston VII will not, in spite of everything, cease to revolt against this intrusion in the affairs of a country which previously had a very broad autonomy. He had to admit defeat after being taken prisoner at Winchester by Edward I of England in 1276.
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this title to present themselves as lords of the sovereign country of Bearn. When Fébus died without an heir, the principality reverted to the House of
Grailly. In 1434, Gaston IV married the Infanta Eleanor of Navarre and became crown prince of the kingdom of Navarre, transferring his court from Orthez to Pau in 1464.
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in 1356. Fébus also managed to ward off
English intentions for Bearn. To do this, he faced the Black Prince, who claimed Bearn as a prince of Aquitaine. After the French and English failures to obtain a tribute, the autonomous viscounty becomes a de facto sovereign principality. The viscounts gave up
611:
The
Vascons settled on the land between the Garonne and the Pyrenees, which the Franks had conquered from the Visigoths, and from the 6th century onwards controlled this territory; a duchy of Vasconia (then Gascony) was formed. In the 7th century, Odon had a large kingdom stretching from the Pyrenees
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Fébus' project was the culmination of the long periods of autonomy experienced by Béarn in previous eras. Now in the midst of the
Hundred Years' War, Fébus took advantage of the French rout of Crécy in 1346 to distance himself from the kingdom of France. On 25 September 1347, he declared to an envoy
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In 1213, the
Aragonese defeat at the battle of Muret led to the end of Aragonese interventions in the region. The ties of vassalage between Béarn and Aragon were gradually weakened and then broken, without any clashes, during the first half of the 13th century. This rupture was the occasion for the
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Béarn was included in the original borders given to the
Frankish kingdom by the Treaty of Verdun in 843, but the creation of a political entity of their own led to an evolution of this vassalage link. Thus, the gradual accession of Bearn to a de facto sovereignty status is the major theme of this
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Gaston VII chose to marry his second daughter, Marguerite de Béarn, to the Count of Foix, Roger-Bernard III. This marriage provoked the indissoluble union between the houses of Foix and Béarn. The new Foix-Béarn were in a delicate situation, with Béarn on the one hand a vassal of the kings of
1279:Édouard Tinchant – Politician born in Béarn, emigrated to the United States in 1862 and fought in the Civil War, elected as delegate to the 1867–1868 Louisiana constitutional convention, where he supported public rights for all, including civil and public rights for women
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The third railway line, the Pau to Canfranc line, serves the south of Béarn. It was put into service between 1883 and 1928. However, the railway line been partially closed since 1970. This is because in 1970, a bridge carrying this rail line over the
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of Philip VI that Bearn was a land that he "had from God and from no man in the world", an act considered to be a declaration of independence. Subsequently, he avoided French reprisals with the disaster of the
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Three railway lines serve Béarn. The first of these is the Toulouse to Bayonne railway, which was opened in stages between 1861 and 1867. Several rail stations are located on this line, including those of
432:. They are the result of how early Béarn grew to its traditional boundaries: some old lesser viscounties were added by marriage, and absorbed into Béarn: Oloron to the south/southwest ca. 1050,
835:. This line opened in two stages between 1884 and 1887; it was closed to passengers in 1968 and to freight in 1989. The line was officially abandoned in 1991. A branch of this line ran from
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The fifth century AD also saw the arrival of Christianity in Béarn. The rural character of Béarn meant that Christianity took longer to become established there than elsewhere in France.
1537:"PROTOCOLE D'ACCORD DU GOUVERNEMENT D'ARAGON ET DE LA RÉGION AQUITAINE SUR LA FEUILLE DE ROUTE 2012 – 2020 DE LA REPRISE DES CIRCULATIONS SUR LA LIGNE FERROVIAIRE PAU-CANFRANC-SARAGOSSE"
1102:, also known as Jean Caux or Jean-Jacques Caux – Legendary packer during several gold rushes in British Columbia, Canada, is said to have been from Béarn (among other possibilities)
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and megaliths have been found in Béarn dating to this era, suggesting that ancestor worship was an important religious activity in neolithic Béarn. Construction of
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1056:– A Bearnese French army officer of Greek origins, he distinguished himself during the Crimean War. The Bearnese football club FA Bourbaki Pau is named after him.
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1309:. In the first book of the series, upon meeting the Cardinal, it is also noted that d'Artagnan comes from Béarn. That d'Artagnan is usually referred to as a
584:. Roman influence in the region waned in the fifth century AD, and Béarn experienced multiple barbarian invasions. Béarn was successively conquered by the
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is located within Spain and is also served by the Spanish Jaca to Canfranc railway. International rail transport between Béarn and
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Béarn has a long association with aviation. The meteorological conditions of Béarn were convenient for early aviators, and the
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agreed to take steps to further the economic links between their two regions, including possibly reopening the
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1251:– Noted writer, agronomist, colonial administrator and historian in Argentina after emigrating there at age 25
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François de Béarn-Bonasse – Captain of the King, lord of Saint-Dos (or Sendos) and Labastide-Villefranche
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line all the way to Canfranc Station. The two governments hope to have the line fully reopened by 2020.
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from 1908 onwards. Wilbur Wright helped set up the world's first aviation school, which opened outside
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Fortified villages were also constructed in Neolithic Béarn, and remains of these have been found near
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is located on the site of this aviation school. The French military trains its paratroopers at the
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came from Béarn; he mentions having attended his father's funeral there in the second book,
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Agriculture and metallurgy were first practiced in the region around 4,000 years ago. Many
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Béarn is bordered by the Basque provinces of Soule and Lower Navarre to the west, Gascony (
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people lived. The Benearni, from whom the name Bearn derives, were one of these people.
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Several more minor routes also serve Béarn. The Route Nationale 134 links the south of
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mountains and in the plain at their feet, in Southwestern France. Along with the three
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was thus previously possible using this route. In 2013, the regional governments of
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was destroyed by a train derailment; SNCF consequently closed the line south of the
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in the west in 1194. When Montanérès was added, five communities or parishes (
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1217:– Politician, candidate in the 2017 and 2022 French presidential elections
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is neither surprising nor incorrect, as Béarn forms part of Gascony.
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The region became part of the Roman Empire in the first century BC.
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and Bayonne. In Béarn, the A64 has junctions serving the towns of
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made several flights in Pont-Long, a flat marshy area north of
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Freedom Papers An Atlantic Odyssey in the Age of Emancipation
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The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
659:, European designation E80) was built in 1977 and links
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from 1555 to 1572 and mother of King Henry IV of France
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party, current mayor of Pau, former government minister
468:, rather than being incorporated into the surrounding
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in 2015, making it the third busiest airport in the
371:(from the second half of the 13th century) and then
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60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1360:– Laruns is a typical Bearnese village and commune
424:In the eastern part of the province are two small
413:(corn) grown for seed). Pau was the birthplace of
409:, tourism and agriculture (much of which involves
855:Monument to the world's first aviation school at
2154:
401:, the aerospace industry through the helicopter
397:Today, the mainstays of the Béarn area are the
492:(left side) and the Béarn (right side) in the
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1189:, legislator, diplomat and descendant of the
1183:Jean de Laforcade, Seigneur de La Fitte-Juson
794:. An additional section of the line, between
1586:Bourrousse de Laffore (1860), Tome 3, p. 171
655:Béarn is served by two autoroutes. The A64 (
1636:. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). p. 582.
1505:
1150:– Ruled as King of France from 1589 to 1610
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1649:
1203:"…one of the most important men in Béarn…"
355:. The capitals of Béarn were successively
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
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886:. During summer, it also has flights to
850:
580:included Bearn in the Roman province of
538:in Béarn continued into the Bronze Age.
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1520:
979:– Gaston XI of Béarn, Gaston IV of Foix
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1620:
1597:Rebecca J. Scott and Jean M. Hébrard,
1034:Claude-François Bertrand de Boucheporn
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878:(9 flights in total to Paris daily),
417:, which has now become a part of the
375:(beginning in the mid-15th century).
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1263:– French physicist who invented the
1084:– Singer of the rock band Noir Désir
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518:is built on the site of Beneharnum.
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
1193:, he was described by 19th century
1108:– Former professional tennis player
390:to the east, in addition to Spain (
13:
1078:– Former professional rugby player
1030:– Former professional rugby player
892:Ajaccio Napoleon Bonaparte Airport
843:. This branch is also now closed.
827:A fourth railway line once linked
702:. It serves the Béarnese towns of
14:
2184:
1609:
1523:Le Béarn aux temps préhistoriques
1466:Bidot-Germa, Grosclaude, Duchon,
1453:Bidot-Germa, Grosclaude, Duchon,
1008:– Marshal of France (1763–1844),
694:, European designation E7) links
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1672:
1602:, Harvard University Press, 2014
1483:. 2 January 2009. Archived from
802:, was reopened by SNCF in 2016.
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1616:Bearn in the History of Navarre
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1521:Laborde, Jean Baptiste (1943).
45:needs additional citations for
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1432:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
1419:
1391:
1243:Jean-Baptiste Peyras-Loustalet
1211:– Professional football player
1090:– Professional football player
983:Margaret, Viscountess of Béarn
941:, which has been located near
733:. Several mountain roads link
606:
565:, Béarn was a part of ancient
1:
2173:Culture of Nouvelle-Aquitaine
1407:(5th ed.). HarperCollins
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1096:– Professional tennis player
916:Biarritz Pays Basque Airport
896:Naples International Airport
645:
556:
506:The name Béarn derives from
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344:, as well as small parts of
316:) is one of the traditional
7:
2046:Foreign territories in 1789
1905:Minor provinces and regions
1316:
1245:– Professional rugby player
1239:– Professional rugby player
1050:– Professional Rugby player
846:
514:by 840. The modern town of
10:
2189:
2168:Former provinces of France
997:Mary, Viscountess of Béarn
902:. 634,000 passengers used
900:Bari Karol Wojtyła Airport
884:Marseille Provence Airport
880:Lyon–Saint-Exupéry Airport
792:Gare d'Oloron-Sainte-Marie
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18:
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1904:
1893:
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1568:François de Béarn-Bonasse
939:School of Airborne Troops
912:Bordeaux–Mérignac Airport
872:Charles de Gaulle Airport
436:in the east in 1085, and
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1299:series, the protagonist
1124:Jean de Forcade de Biaix
1120:– Famous slalom canoeist
1006:Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte
910:région of France, after
888:Bastia – Poretta Airport
870:, has direct flights to
806:Canfranc Railway Station
624:A sovereign principality
19:Not to be confused with
1633:Encyclopædia Britannica
1191:noble family of Forcade
1132:noble family of Forcade
1020:(where he was known as
740:
692:l'autoroute de Gascogne
650:
348:, it forms the current
342:Principality of Bidache
1143:Frederick I of Prussia
1141:and confidant of King
1130:and descendant of the
1054:Charles Denis Bourbaki
1028:Philippe Bernat-Salles
972:Alexander Gordon Bearn
882:(3 flights daily) and
860:
657:l'autoroute pyrénéenne
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21:Béarn (disambiguation)
2063:Menton and Roquebrune
1573:15 March 2021 at the
1221:Jeanne III of Navarre
1199:Bourrousse de Laffore
1156:– Noted tenor of the
854:
490:French Basque Country
488:
1812:Lorraine and Barrois
1679:Historical provinces
1364:Pau Pyrénées Airport
1296:The Three Musketeers
1072:– French sociologist
1044:in Béarn (1785–1790)
935:Pau Pyrénées Airport
904:Pau Pyrénées Airport
864:Pau Pyrénées Airport
857:Pau Pyrénées Airport
822:Pau-Canfranc railway
494:Pyrénées-Atlantiques
470:Pyrénées-Atlantiques
442:Villenave-près-Béarn
405:engine manufacturer
350:Pyrénées-Atlantiques
54:improve this article
2135: /
1690:General governments
1379:House of Bernadotte
1369:Viscountcy of Béarn
1237:Robert Paparemborde
1223:– Queen regnant of
1177:Alexandra Lacrabère
1024:) from 1818 to 1844
965:Democratic Movement
957:– Former politician
796:Oloron-Sainte-Marie
421:petroleum company.
318:provinces of France
25:Beiarn Municipality
2139:43.3000°N 0.3667°W
1374:Viscounts of Béarn
1306:Twenty Years After
1209:Jean-Michel Larqué
1148:Henry IV of France
1139:Lieutenant General
908:Nouvelle-Aquitaine
861:
829:Puyoô rail station
639:Battle of Poitiers
569:, where the proto-
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399:petroleum industry
16:Province in France
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1506:Pliny the Elder.
1487:on 2 January 2009
1468:Histoire de Béarn
1455:Histoire de Béarn
1435:. Merriam-Webster
1353:Jambon de Bayonne
1179:– Handball player
1114:– Slalom canoeist
1112:Patrice Estanguet
949:People from Béarn
320:, located in the
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1274:Jean Saint-Josse
1187:Attorney General
1165:– Co-founder of
1126:(1663–1729) – a
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1291:Alexandre Dumas
1231:Xavier Navarrot
1154:Pierre Jélyotte
1082:Bertrand Cantat
1076:Nicolas Brusque
1070:Pierre Bourdieu
999:(d. after 1187)
977:Gaston de Béarn
961:François Bayrou
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669:Salies-de-Béarn
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1610:External links
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1285:– Rugby player
1283:Damien Traille
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1255:Gaston Phoebus
1252:
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1118:Tony Estanguet
1115:
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1106:Nicolas Escudé
1103:
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1010:Karl XIV Johan
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1627:"Béarn"
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1094:Jérémy Chardy
1092:
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1068:
1065:
1062:– Migrant to
1061:
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1049:
1048:Jean Bouilhou
1046:
1043:
1042:Ancien Régime
1039:
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431:
428:belonging to
427:
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415:Elf Aquitaine
412:
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376:
374:
370:
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359:(until 841),
358:
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343:
339:
335:
334:Lower Navarre
331:
328:provinces of
327:
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71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
26:
22:
2120:
1726:
1631:
1598:
1592:
1581:
1563:
1551:. Retrieved
1544:the original
1531:
1522:
1516:
1507:
1501:
1489:. Retrieved
1485:the original
1481:"L'histoire"
1475:
1467:
1462:
1454:
1449:
1437:. Retrieved
1430:
1421:
1409:. Retrieved
1402:
1393:
1304:
1294:
1288:
1276:– Politician
1249:Alejo Peyret
1202:
1198:
1088:Julien Cardy
945:since 1946.
920:
876:Orly Airport
862:
841:Saint-Palais
826:
804:
784:
748:Coarraze-Nay
744:
737:with Spain.
720:
691:
689:
656:
654:
635:
627:
618:
614:
610:
602:
598:Carolingians
594:Merovingians
575:
560:
540:
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505:
423:
396:
377:
313:
301:
289:
231:
230:
174:Coat of arms
147:
143:
131:
116:
110:January 2023
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
2142: /
2101: [
2088:Sarrewerden
2068:Montbéliard
1737:Bourbonnais
1195:genealogist
1158:Paris Opera
831:to that of
788:Gave d'Aspe
731:Aspe Valley
607:Middle Ages
561:During the
2157:Categories
2127:43°18′00″N
2032:Vermandois
1922:Beaujolais
1872:Roussillon
1385:References
1301:d'Artagnan
1012:, King of
837:Autevielle
776:Intercités
631:Gaston III
578:Diocletian
522:Prehistory
508:Beneharnum
497:department
434:Montanérès
419:Total S.A.
403:turboshaft
357:Beneharnum
353:department
80:newspapers
2130:0°22′00″W
2083:Salm-Salm
1957:Couserans
1952:Comminges
1942:Cambrésis
1877:Saintonge
1847:Orléanais
1837:Nivernais
1802:Languedoc
1752:Champagne
1702:Angoumois
1553:24 August
1491:9 January
1265:lead acid
1167:St. Louis
1064:Argentina
1038:intendant
933:in 1908.
818:Aquitaine
690:The A65 (
685:Soumoulou
646:Transport
590:Visigoths
567:Aquitania
557:Antiquity
547:Bougarber
481:Etymology
446:Escaunets
407:Turbomeca
310:Benearnia
214:Time zone
2073:Mulhouse
2053:Créhange
2037:Vivarais
2022:Valromey
2012:Rouergue
2002:Ponthieu
1997:Périgord
1992:Nébouzan
1977:Gévaudan
1972:Gâtinais
1947:Cévennes
1917:Armagnac
1882:Touraine
1867:Provence
1842:Normandy
1817:Lyonnais
1807:Limousin
1767:Flanders
1762:Dauphiné
1747:Burgundy
1742:Brittany
1722:Auvergne
1624:(1911).
1571:Archived
1439:28 April
1411:28 April
1317:See also
1171:Missouri
1136:Prussian
1128:Huguenot
1100:Cataline
847:Aviation
716:Bordeaux
665:Toulouse
563:Iron Age
536:cromlêhs
454:Gardères
426:exclaves
384:Armagnac
322:Pyrenees
1987:Labourd
1927:Bigorre
1912:Agenais
1857:Picardy
1792:Hainaut
1787:Guyenne
1782:Gascony
1757:Corsica
1427:"Béarn"
1399:"Béarn"
1348:Garbure
1270:in 1859
1268:battery
1225:Navarre
1173:in 1764
1040:of the
1036:, last
989:1245 –
735:Somport
729:in the
727:Somport
586:Vandals
528:dolmens
512:Vikings
499:on the
476:History
462:Bigorre
430:Bigorre
388:Bigorre
367:1100),
361:Morlaàs
346:Gascony
338:Labourd
314:Bearnia
277:Occitan
268:French:
195:Country
94:scholar
69:"Béarn"
2007:Quercy
1962:Dombes
1932:Bresse
1862:Poitou
1852:Perche
1827:Marche
1712:Artois
1697:Alsace
1683:France
1457:, 1986
1358:Laruns
1311:Gascon
1233:– Poet
1018:Norway
1014:Sweden
814:Aragon
810:Aragon
800:Bedous
764:Orthez
712:Garlin
704:Lescar
700:Langon
673:Orthez
592:, the
588:, the
571:Basque
532:tumuli
516:Lescar
458:Luquet
456:, and
392:Aragon
380:Landes
369:Orthez
363:(from
340:, the
326:Basque
302:Biarno
298:Bearno
294:Basque
207:France
204:
141:Béarn
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
2163:Béarn
2105:]
2098:Tende
2093:Savoy
2027:Velay
2017:Soule
1967:Forez
1937:Bugey
1822:Maine
1732:Berry
1727:Béarn
1717:Aunis
1707:Anjou
1547:(PDF)
1540:(PDF)
1338:Béret
993:1319)
868:Uzein
768:Puyoô
760:Artix
752:Assat
725:with
708:Thèze
698:with
677:Artix
543:Asson
450:Séron
411:maize
330:Soule
306:Latin
290:Biarn
281:Bearn
232:Béarn
219:UTC+1
148:Bearn
144:Biarn
101:JSTOR
87:books
2078:Nice
2058:Dabo
1772:Foix
1555:2017
1493:2022
1441:2019
1413:2019
1016:and
914:and
898:and
874:and
816:and
798:and
778:and
766:and
741:Rail
710:and
683:and
651:Road
551:Lacq
549:and
382:and
336:and
164:Flag
73:news
1982:Gex
1681:of
1293:'s
1289:In
1201:as
943:Pau
931:Pau
927:Pau
839:to
780:TER
772:TGV
756:Pau
723:Pau
696:Pau
681:Pau
661:Pau
438:Dax
373:Pau
312:or
300:or
288:or
256:ɑːr
223:CET
56:by
23:or
2159::
2103:fr
1630:.
1429:.
1401:.
1197:,
1185:–
1169:,
991:c.
987:c.
918:.
894:,
890:,
782:.
774:,
762:,
758:,
754:,
750:,
706:,
687:.
679:,
675:,
671:,
663:,
600:.
553:.
545:,
530:,
472:.
452:,
448:,
444:,
365:c.
332:,
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304:;
296::
292:;
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275:;
266:;
250:eɪ
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238:US
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1557:.
1510:.
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1443:.
1415:.
1205:.
985:(
859:.
262:/
259:n
253:ˈ
247:b
244:/
234:(
225:)
221:(
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
27:.
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