262:(IPC) attempted to move towards a more functional disability and evidence based system that does not rely on medical-based classification. In 2003, the IPC made an attempt to address "the overall objective to support and co-ordinate the ongoing development of accurate, reliable, consistent and credible sport focused classification systems and their implementation." The IPC approved a classification system at the IPC General Assembly in 2007. This classification was part of the overall blind class group, and was still medically-based despite changes in other disability types. IBSA was not prepared at the time to move towards a more functional classification system similar to that utilized other disability groups and sports.
298:
314:, it was the first time guides in athletics were awarded medals. At the elite level, guides are treated the same as the blind runner. Guides and runners must both use blocks for any race shorter than 400 meters. In 200 meter races, the guide runs on the right side of the runner. For races 800 meters or longer, a runner may use up to two guides but the course officials must be informed of any decision to use more than one guide in advance of the race. In the marathon, the runner may use up to four different guides. The runner must finish ahead of the guide. In running, the guide should attempt to match the running pattern of the runner, not the other way around.
27:
1896:
1751:
367:
330:, each team of eleven must have at least four players in this class. Batsmen in this class have a runner for them. A B1 classified cricketer should bat in one of the first three batting positions. There should be at least 2 B1 batters in the first six batsmen, and at least three in the first nine. A bowler in this class may bowl to any batman, but may only face a bowler in the same class.
255:(ISOD) developed a blind classification system. Parallel to this, IBSA and national blind sport associations were developing their own classification system, with the IBSA one based on visual acuity in place by 1980. The rise of the IBSA classification system for blind sport meant the ISOD classification system failed to gain traction in blind sports competition.
318:
blind archery competitions, archers use a blind fold and a tactile sighting device. This classification is not eligible to compete at the
Paralympic Games. In five-a-side football and para-equestrian, B1 competitors are required to wear blindfolds. In judo, B1 classified competitors have a red dot on their kit to let others know they are completely blind.
250:
This classification traces its history to the early history of blind sport. There was a belief that those with vision impairment that was less severe had a competitive advantage over competitors who had more severe impairment. Classification was developed by the IBSA to insure more even competition
293:
use guides, with the guide for B1 skiers generally skiing behind the skier in order to maximize the ability of the skier to hear the guide. The guide tells the skier things like when weight should be shifted, elements coming up on the course, and how to position themselves to maximize the diagonal
141:
which defined this classification as this classification in alpine skiing as "Athletes totally blind or who have some light perception but can't see even the shape of a hand at any distance from their face." The
International Paralympic Committee defined this classification for alpine skiing as "No
317:
Callers are used in para-equestrian to assist the rider in navigating the competition ring. For S11 swimmers, a tapper stands on the pool deck to tap the swimmer as they approach the wall. The swimmer has to bring their own tapper. Swimmers in this class are required to wear black out goggles. In
309:
Competitors must use a guide in athletics. When a runner is looking for a guide, they are encouraged to find one with a gait similar to their own. A rope or tether may be used to connect the runner to the guide. For field events such as the long jump triple jump, or discus, a caller may be used.
276:
did not have specific classifications for competitors with disabilities, including those with visual impairments. Acknowledging membership needs though, some rules had organically developed that looked like classifications based on rule modification for different disability types including blind
354:
On the
Paralympic level, a number of disability sports are not open to this classification or other visually impaired competitors including archery, fencing, powerlifting, shooting and table tennis. Eligible Paralympic sports for this classification include adaptive rowing, athletics, cycling,
191:
Assessment into this class by the IBSA involves the athlete filling out a consent form, submitting a photograph, and scheduling an appointment with a classifier for evaluation. During the evaluation, the competitor may be accompanied by another person to assist them in communicating with the
333:
In five-a-side football, this class is often the only one allowed to compete as a field player. In judo, all three blind sport classes compete against each other with competitors classified by weight for the purposes of competition. Weight classes use the international standards used in the
130:
defined this classification as "No functional vision." This classification is borrowed by some other sports, including blind golf who also define the class as "No light perception in either eye, up to light perception but inability to recognise the shape of a hand at any distance or in any
345:
In swimming, the B1 class is significantly slower than B2 and B3 classes in 100 metre freestyle, and the B3 class is significantly faster than B1 and B2 in the 100 metre backstroke. Normal swimming rules are modified to allow the swimmer to be closer to the lane line when executing a turn.
337:
In IBSA sailing competitions, this class is represented as the helmsperson. The three person boat can have a maximum of five ISBA points (i.e. B1 counting as one point, B2 as 2 and B3 as three), and must include at least one female and one male sailor on the boat. In competitions run by
110:. There may be some modifications related to equipment and rules to specifically address needs of competitors in this class to allow them to compete in specific sports. Some sports specifically do not allow a guide, whereas cycling and skiing require one.
266:
1295:
163:
defining Grade 3 as, "Grade 3 incorporates
Cerebral Palsy, Les Autres, Amputee, Spinal Cord Injury and totally blind athletes with good balance, leg movement and co-ordination." The B1 equivalent for swimming is
192:
classifiers. If necessary, the person can also bring a translator. The medical assessment is then conducted. There are several status groups used by classifiers that assist in classification. These include
224:
265:
In some cases, non-Paralympic, non-IBSA affiliated sports have developed their own classification systems. This is the case with blind golf, where a classification existed by 1990 and was used at the
1206:
Trends and issues in Winter
Paralympic sport : proceedings of Winter Paralympic Experts Congress -4th Paralympic Congress — organized by the IPC and NAPOC March 7-8, 1998 Nagano, Japan
355:
five-a-side football, goalball, judo, para-equestrian, para-alpine skiing, para-Nordic skiing, and swimming. The classification is also used in other sports including blind golf and lawn bowls.
103:(IBSA) but it sometimes handled by national sport federations. There are exceptions for sports like athletics and cycling, where classification is handled by their own governing bodies.
1299:
523:
495:
339:
231:
188:
and judo. Part of being classified involves assessing vision for factors including visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, color vision, motion detections and visual field.
556:
211:
Classification is handled on a national and sport level. Australians seeking classification for blind sports can be classified by an IBSA classifier or by an
208:
for competitors who have a visual impairment that is not severe enough and not likely to deteriorate in the future to the point where they could be eligible.
1878:
1730:
252:
99:(IPC) to move towards a more functional and evidence-based classification system. Classification is often handled on the international level by the
791:
991:
242:(FEI). Swimming classification is handled by IPC Swimming, while in athletics, classification assignment for this class is handled by the IPC.
106:
Equipment utilized by competitors in this class may differ from sport to sport, and may include sighted guides, guide rails, beeping balls and
1338:
439:
52:
sport. Athletes in this classification are totally or almost totally blind. It is used by a number of blind sports including blind tennis,
142:
light perception in either eye, up to light perception but inability to recognise the shape of a hand at any distance or in any direction."
529:
501:
762:
294:
run of the course. In cycling, this classification also uses a guide, utilizing a tandem bicycle with the guide sitting at the front.
239:
1871:
1723:
285:
Equipment utilized by competitors in this class may include sighted guides, guide rails, beeping balls and clap sticks. The use of a
95:
The B1 classification was first created by the IBSA in the 1970s, and has largely remained unchanged since despite an effort by the
1462:
69:
277:
riders. These included allowing blind riders, when they reached a marker, being given an auditory signal to inform them of this.
1687:
1241:
2006:
1554:
1436:
1407:
1381:
1181:
1140:
1063:
1037:
961:
927:
893:
859:
679:
563:
418:
119:
100:
1864:
1716:
588:
819:
273:
259:
96:
1910:
1905:
711:
157:, Grade 3 is equivalent to B1. The para-equestrian classification definition is different from the IBSA one, with
1599:
212:
138:
45:
471:
235:
127:
392:
297:
1118:"Paralympic Classification Today" (Document). International Paralympic Committee. 22 April 2010. p. 3.
342:, this class sometimes competes only against other boats with where all the sailors are in the same class.
230:
Not all sports use IBSA classifiers. For adaptive rowing, classification assignment may be handled by the
998:
639:
443:
26:
258:
The IBSA classification system has largely remained unchanged since it was put in place, even as the
1345:
311:
302:
1666:
289:
by people in this class is dependent on the specific requirements of the sport. Para-alpine and
1544:
1371:
1171:
1130:
951:
883:
766:
669:
617:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1827:
1822:
1817:
269:. At that time, four classifications existed and were the same as the IBSA for this class.
181:
169:
165:
472:
Australian Sports
Commission; Australian Confederation of Sports for the Disabled (1990).
8:
1985:
1980:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1219:
1067:
216:
20:
1466:
528:. Salt Lake City, Utah: Salt Lake Organizing Committee. 2002. p. 27. Archived from
541:
This is included as an appendix in the media guide, but it is not published by the APC.
290:
134:
57:
53:
1691:
1516:
1071:
1550:
1377:
1177:
1136:
1033:
957:
923:
889:
855:
717:
707:
675:
477:
474:
The development of a policy: Integration
Conference 1990 Adelaide, December 3-5, 1990
145:
This classification has parallels in other sports. The comparative classification in
85:
223:. In the United States, governance related to this classification is handled by the
1577:
1245:
1093:
591:. New South Wales, Australia: Australian Paralympic Committee. 2012. Archived from
497:
Australian team media guide: 2002 Salt Lake City
Paralympic Games, March 7-16, 2002
89:
1440:
1411:
592:
1128:
1027:
917:
849:
154:
146:
118:
B1 is a disability sport classification for people who are considered blind. The
81:
77:
1664:
1621:
851:
Adapted
Physical Activity, Recreation, and Sport: Crossdisciplinary and Lifespan
215:
vision impairment classifier. In the United
Kingdom, blind sport is handled by
31:
1708:
1369:
2000:
1856:
823:
721:
481:
372:
327:
286:
220:
180:
IBSA handles classification for a number of sports internationally including
61:
1643:
1491:
1270:
414:
1739:
1204:
i Marcet, Pau Serracanta (1998). "Blind Skiing". In Yabe, Kyonosuke (ed.).
949:
476:. Willoughby, N.S.W.: Australian Confederation of Sports for the Disabled.
123:
1895:
500:. Australia: Australian Paralympic Committee. 2002. 27972. Archived from
19:
This article is about the parasports classification. For other uses, see
1208:. Nagano, Japan: Nagano Paralympic Organizing Committee. pp. 19–22.
740:
65:
42:
1750:
1025:
915:
159:
107:
49:
1465:. United Kingdom: British Blind Sport Archery. 2013. Archived from
557:"Rowing Australia: Adaptive Rowing Classification Application Form"
267:
Australian Open Golf Tournament for the Blind and Visually Impaired
185:
73:
1667:"The effects of visual impairment on competition swim performance"
1169:
667:
196:
for competitors who have a visual impairment unlikely to change,
1688:"2002 New Zealand Blind Sport National Lawn Bowls Championships"
122:(IBSA) defines this classification as visual acuity poorer than
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1542:
881:
671:
Handbook of Sports Medicine and Science, The Paralympic Athlete
150:
1129:
Marc R. Safran; Douglas B. McKeag; Steven P. Van Camp (1998).
1948:
1943:
326:
There are special rules for this class in several sports. In
663:
661:
659:
657:
310:
Voice commands can also be used in 100 meter events. At the
1968:
1963:
1958:
1370:
Monica, Lepore; G. William Gayle; Shawn F. Stevens (2007).
997:. China: International Paralympic Committee. Archived from
204:
for competitors who have never been classified before, and
251:
across the different bands of visual acuity. In 1976, the
1953:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1298:. United Kingdom: Action for Blind People. Archived from
1165:
1163:
1161:
1159:
654:
950:
Nesta Wiggins-James; Rob James; Graham Thompson (2005).
168:, while for athletics, the equivalent classification is
137:
specific versions of this definition include one by the
1296:"Guide to visually impaired Paralympics classification"
1290:
1288:
1273:. Germany: International Paralympic Committee Athletics
822:. International Blind Sports Federation. Archived from
765:. International Blind Sports Federation. Archived from
632:
432:
1690:. New Zealand: Blind Sport New Zealand. Archived from
1665:
Laurie A. Malone, Daniel J. Daly Robert D. Steadward.
1546:
Assistive Technology for the Vision-Impaired and Blind
1531:
1410:. New Zealand: Blind Sport New Zealand. Archived from
1156:
1021:
1019:
943:
885:
Assistive Technology for the Vision-Impaired and Blind
797:. International Paralympic Committee. 2012. p. 13
442:. Canadian Paralympic Committee. 2012. Archived from
1285:
992:"Beijing 2008 Paralympic Games Classification Guide"
668:
Yves Vanlandewijck; Walter Thompson (13 July 2011).
612:
610:
362:
200:
for competitors who have vision that may fluctuate,
1096:. Bonn, Germany: International Paralympic Committee
1016:
562:. Australia: Rowing Australia. 2012. Archived from
387:
385:
383:
1373:Adapted Aquatics Programming: A Professional Guide
1135:. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 197.
875:
706:. Auckland, N.Z.: Hodder Moa Beckett. p. 18.
253:International Sports Organization for the Disabled
1511:
1509:
847:
786:
784:
607:
1998:
1431:
1429:
1122:
1026:Donald F. C. Loran; Caroline J. MacEwen (1995).
916:Donald F. C. Loran; Caroline J. MacEwen (1995).
909:
467:
465:
463:
461:
380:
305:: swimmers being tapped to show they should turn
1738:
1363:
1265:
1263:
1212:
843:
841:
735:
733:
731:
551:
549:
547:
232:Fédération Internationale des Sociétés d'Aviron
1886:
1506:
1234:
1197:
1176:. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 530–531.
1058:
1056:
781:
1872:
1724:
1439:. Ireland: Irish Blind Sports. Archived from
1426:
1402:
1400:
1244:. Ireland: Irish Blind Sports. Archived from
1170:Gregory S. Kolt; Lynn Snyder-Mackler (2007).
488:
458:
1344:. England: England Athletics. Archived from
1260:
838:
814:
812:
728:
544:
225:United States Association for Blind Athletes
1680:
1570:
1486:
1484:
1113:
1111:
1086:
1053:
642:. United Kingdom: BBC Sport. 6 October 2000
581:
1879:
1865:
1731:
1717:
1636:
1543:Michael A. Johnson; David Keating (2008).
1397:
986:
984:
982:
980:
882:Michael A. Johnson; David Keating (2008).
704:Against the odds: New Zealand Paralympians
1658:
1614:
809:
695:
516:
1600:"Australian Blind Cricket Council Rules"
1481:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1203:
1173:Physical Therapies in Sport and Exercise
1108:
755:
296:
25:
1455:
977:
792:"Paralympic Games Classification Guide"
1999:
1860:
1712:
1339:"Running & Sprinting with Guides"
1314:
1032:. Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 45.
922:. Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 37.
419:International Blind Sports Federation
219:, which is recognised nationally by
120:International Blind Sports Federation
101:International Blind Sports Federation
701:
1376:. Human Kinetics 10%. p. 264.
13:
393:"A-Z of Paralympic classification"
274:Equestrian Federation of Australia
260:International Paralympic Committee
240:Fédération Équestre Internationale
97:International Paralympic Committee
92:, have equivalents to this class.
14:
2018:
1911:Para-Nordic skiing classification
1906:Para-alpine skiing classification
1644:"BSI Blind Sailing International"
1519:. Paralympics Great Britain. 2012
1222:. Paralympics Great Britain. 2012
620:. Paralympics Great Britain. 2012
1894:
1749:
640:"Making sense of the categories"
365:
80:. Some other sports, including
1592:
238:(UCI), para-equestrian, by the
213:Australian Paralympic Committee
139:Australian Paralympic Committee
16:Blindness sports classification
525:Alpine Skiing Technical Manual
407:
1:
1646:. Blind Sailing International
763:"IBSA Medical Classification"
440:"Winter Sport Classification"
358:
236:Union Cycliste Internationale
175:
128:Canadian Paralympic Committee
113:
2007:Blind sports classifications
280:
7:
1064:"Sight Classification Form"
854:. McGraw-Hill. p. 70.
340:Blind Sailing International
10:
2023:
1887:Para-skiing classification
956:. Heinemann. p. 237.
848:Claudine Sherrill (2004).
245:
34:is a B1 classified athlete
18:
1919:
1901:
1892:
1787:
1756:
1747:
1549:. Springer. p. 690.
888:. Springer. p. 689.
674:. John Wiley & Sons.
349:
1094:"Classification History"
395:. BBC Sport. 4 June 2003
321:
1624:. Blind Sport Australia
312:2012 Summer Paralympics
234:(FISA), cycling by the
1622:"Sailing & Events"
1070:. 2009. Archived from
306:
35:
1580:. Blind Cricket. 2004
1494:. BBC. 14 August 2012
1463:"Shooting Categories"
702:Gray, Alison (1997).
300:
29:
1578:"Blind Cricket Laws"
182:five-a-side football
70:five-a-side football
1068:British Blind Sport
595:on 7 September 2015
217:British Blind Sport
41:is a medical-based
1066:. United Kingdom:
446:on 20 January 2013
307:
291:para-Nordic skiers
135:Para-alpine skiing
58:para-Nordic skiing
54:para-alpine skiing
36:
1994:
1993:
1854:
1853:
1556:978-1-84628-867-8
1383:978-1-4504-0723-6
1271:"About the Sport"
1183:978-0-443-10351-3
1142:978-0-7817-1222-4
1039:978-0-7506-1578-5
963:978-0-435-49930-3
929:978-0-7506-1578-5
895:978-1-84628-867-8
861:978-0-697-29513-2
826:on 4 January 2013
769:on 11 August 2011
681:978-1-4443-4828-6
2014:
1898:
1881:
1874:
1867:
1858:
1857:
1753:
1733:
1726:
1719:
1710:
1709:
1704:
1703:
1701:
1699:
1694:on 15 April 2014
1684:
1678:
1677:
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1662:
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1612:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1596:
1590:
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1587:
1585:
1574:
1568:
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1563:
1540:
1529:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1513:
1504:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1488:
1479:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1469:on 16 April 2014
1459:
1453:
1452:
1450:
1448:
1433:
1424:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1414:on 15 April 2014
1404:
1395:
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1392:
1390:
1367:
1361:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1350:
1343:
1335:
1312:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1302:on 15 April 2014
1292:
1283:
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1120:
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1101:
1090:
1084:
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1023:
1014:
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1011:
1009:
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996:
988:
975:
974:
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947:
941:
940:
938:
936:
913:
907:
906:
904:
902:
879:
873:
872:
870:
868:
845:
836:
835:
833:
831:
820:"Classification"
816:
807:
806:
804:
802:
796:
788:
779:
778:
776:
774:
759:
753:
752:
750:
748:
743:. Paralympics GB
737:
726:
725:
699:
693:
692:
690:
688:
665:
652:
651:
649:
647:
636:
630:
629:
627:
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614:
605:
604:
602:
600:
585:
579:
578:
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574:
569:on 15 April 2014
568:
561:
553:
542:
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538:
537:
520:
514:
513:
511:
509:
492:
486:
485:
469:
456:
455:
453:
451:
436:
430:
429:
427:
425:
415:"Classification"
411:
405:
404:
402:
400:
389:
375:
370:
369:
368:
303:2012 Paralympics
301:S11 race at the
2022:
2021:
2017:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2012:
2011:
1997:
1996:
1995:
1990:
1915:
1899:
1888:
1885:
1855:
1850:
1791:Adaptive rowing
1783:
1754:
1743:
1737:
1707:
1697:
1695:
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1685:
1681:
1671:
1669:
1663:
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1620:
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1541:
1532:
1522:
1520:
1515:
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1507:
1497:
1495:
1490:
1489:
1482:
1472:
1470:
1461:
1460:
1456:
1446:
1444:
1443:on 9 March 2016
1435:
1434:
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1417:
1415:
1406:
1405:
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1384:
1368:
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1354:
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1341:
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1315:
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1168:
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1147:
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1143:
1132:Sports Medicine
1127:
1123:
1117:
1116:
1109:
1099:
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1092:
1091:
1087:
1077:
1075:
1074:on 9 March 2016
1062:
1061:
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1024:
1017:
1007:
1005:
1004:on 26 June 2012
1001:
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866:
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555:
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545:
535:
533:
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521:
517:
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504:on 8 March 2016
494:
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391:
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364:
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178:
155:para-equestrian
147:adaptive rowing
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82:adaptive rowing
24:
17:
12:
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2010:
2009:
1992:
1991:
1989:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1972:
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1966:
1961:
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1951:
1946:
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1936:
1931:
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1920:
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1869:
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1820:
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1797:
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1748:
1745:
1744:
1742:classification
1736:
1735:
1728:
1721:
1713:
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1705:
1679:
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1591:
1569:
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1530:
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1480:
1454:
1425:
1396:
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1362:
1351:on 18 May 2015
1313:
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1248:on 12 May 2014
1233:
1211:
1196:
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1121:
1107:
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1038:
1015:
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874:
860:
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808:
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741:"Find a Sport"
727:
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357:
351:
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320:
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279:
247:
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46:classification
32:Bryce Lindores
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2008:
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2004:
2002:
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1982:
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1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
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1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1918:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1903:
1897:
1891:
1882:
1877:
1875:
1870:
1868:
1863:
1862:
1859:
1847:
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1839:
1837:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
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1780:
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1537:
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1518:
1512:
1510:
1493:
1487:
1485:
1468:
1464:
1458:
1442:
1438:
1432:
1430:
1413:
1409:
1403:
1401:
1385:
1379:
1375:
1374:
1366:
1347:
1340:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1318:
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1030:
1029:Sports Vision
1022:
1020:
1000:
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912:
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857:
853:
852:
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793:
787:
785:
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713:1-86958-566-6
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611:
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532:on 2016-03-08
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388:
386:
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379:
374:
373:Sports portal
363:
356:
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343:
341:
335:
331:
329:
328:blind cricket
319:
315:
313:
304:
299:
295:
292:
288:
287:sighted guide
278:
275:
272:In 1990, the
270:
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221:Sport England
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1740:Blind sports
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1692:the original
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618:"Equestrian"
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131:direction."
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30:Australia's
1242:"Athletics"
126:2.60. The
1492:"In Touch"
1437:"Swimming"
1408:"Swimming"
536:2012-10-02
359:References
334:Olympics.
176:Governance
114:Definition
108:clapsticks
66:blind golf
43:Paralympic
1814:Athletics
1220:"Cycling"
773:3 October
722:154294284
508:2 October
482:221061502
450:3 October
281:Equipment
227:(USABA).
194:confirmed
160:BBC Sport
86:athletics
2001:Category
1832:Swimming
1698:14 April
1672:14 April
1584:14 April
1562:14 April
1523:14 April
1498:14 April
1473:14 April
1418:14 April
1389:14 April
1355:14 April
1306:14 April
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1226:14 April
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1148:14 April
1078:14 April
1045:14 April
1008:14 April
969:14 April
935:14 April
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830:14 April
801:14 April
747:10 March
687:14 April
624:14 April
599:10 March
424:14 April
186:goalball
90:swimming
74:goalball
1760:General
1650:9 March
1628:9 March
1606:9 March
1447:9 March
1252:9 March
1100:30 July
646:9 April
573:19 June
399:11 June
246:History
1805:LTA-B3
1800:LTA-B2
1795:LTA-B1
1602:. ESPN
1553:
1517:"Judo"
1380:
1180:
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350:Sports
198:review
151:LTA-B1
124:LogMAR
1949:LW6/8
1944:LW5/7
1810:LTA4+
1349:(PDF)
1342:(PDF)
1002:(PDF)
995:(PDF)
795:(PDF)
567:(PDF)
560:(PDF)
322:Rules
153:. In
50:blind
1969:LW12
1964:LW11
1959:LW10
1700:2013
1674:2013
1652:2016
1630:2016
1608:2016
1586:2013
1564:2013
1551:ISBN
1525:2013
1500:2013
1475:2013
1449:2016
1420:2013
1391:2013
1378:ISBN
1357:2013
1308:2013
1279:2013
1254:2016
1228:2013
1191:2013
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1150:2013
1137:ISBN
1102:2012
1080:2013
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1010:2013
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958:ISBN
937:2013
924:ISBN
903:2013
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869:2013
856:ISBN
832:2013
803:2013
775:2012
749:2016
718:OCLC
708:ISBN
689:2013
676:ISBN
648:2012
626:2013
601:2016
575:2012
510:2012
478:OCLC
452:2012
426:2014
401:2012
88:and
78:judo
76:and
48:for
1954:LW9
1939:LW4
1934:LW3
1929:LW2
1924:LW1
1846:S13
1841:S12
1836:S11
1828:T13
1823:T12
1818:T11
202:new
170:T11
166:S11
149:is
2003::
1986:B3
1981:B2
1976:B1
1779:B4
1774:B3
1769:B2
1764:B1
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
