1209:
1536:
1416:. The hamadryas baboon group will typically include a younger male, but he will not attempt to mate with the females unless the older male is removed. In the harems of the hamadryas baboons, the males jealously guard their females, to the point of grabbing and biting the females when they wander too far away. Despite this, some males will raid harems for females. Such situations often cause aggressive fights between the males. Visual threats usually accompany these aggressive fights. These include a quick flashing of the eyelids accompanied by a yawn to show off the teeth. Some males succeed in taking a female from another's harem, called a "takeover". In several species, infant baboons are taken by the males as hostages, or used as shields during fights.
638:
1445:
741:
1084:
915:
179:
1380:
1368:
1356:
964:
1201:
817:
840:
139:
1036:
6673:
893:
764:
1166:
7395:
1465:
more subtle possibilities; in mixed groups, males sometimes try to win the friendship of females. To garner this friendship, they may help groom the female, help care for her young, or supply her with food. The probability is high that those young are their offspring. Some females clearly prefer such friendly males as mates. However, males will also take infants during fights to protect themselves from harm. A female initiates mating by presenting her
1497:
4877:
1436:
relatively low-aggression culture persisted into the 1990s and extended to new males coming into the troop, though
Sapolsky observed that while unique, the troop was not an "unrecognizably different utopia"; there was still a dominance hierarchy and aggressive intrasexual competition amongst males. Furthermore, no new behaviours were created amongst the baboons, rather the difference was the frequency and context of existing baboon behaviour.
1234:
5833:
692:
879:
803:
727:
987:
1119:
1022:
950:
1396:
571:
duties for all of their offspring. Offspring are weaned after about a year. They reach sexual maturity around five to eight years. Males leave their birth group, usually before they reach sexual maturity, whereas most females stay in the same group for their lives. Baboons in captivity live up to 45 years, while in the wild they average between 20 and 30 years.
1345:. They are considered a difficult prey for the leopard, though, which is mostly a threat to young baboons. Large males will often confront them by flashing their eyelids, showing their teeth by yawning, making gestures, and chasing after the intruder/predator. Although they are not a prey species, baboons have been killed by the
156:
1412:
often appear in very large groups composed of many smaller harems (one male with four or so females), to which females from elsewhere in the troop are recruited while they are still too young to breed. Other baboon species have a more promiscuous structure with a strict dominance hierarchy based on the
1423:
relations are between individuals. When a confrontation occurs between different families or where a lower-ranking baboon takes the offensive, baboons show more interest in this exchange than those between members of the same family or when a higher-ranking baboon takes the offensive. This is because
1519:
The females tend to be the primary caretaker of the young, although several females will share the duties for all of their offspring. After about one year, the young animals are weaned. They reach sexual maturity in five to eight years. Baboon males leave their birth group, usually before they reach
1464:
Baboon mating behavior varies greatly depending on the social structure of the troop. In the mixed groups of savanna baboons, each male can mate with any female. The mating order among the males depends partially on their social ranking, and fights between males are not unusual. There are, however,
1435:
reported on a troop, known as the Forest Troop, during the 1980s, which experienced significantly less aggressive social dynamics after its most aggressive males died off during a tuberculosis outbreak, leaving a skewed gender ratio of majority females and a minority of low-aggression males. This
2711:
Oxford
University Press, 2013, pp.427-436. Sapolsky questioned if the Forest Troop would be able to maintain its social system if a large number of aggressive new males joined. However, he notes that there was never an opportunity to study this as by the 2000s, the Forest Troop had expanded its
1411:
are typically around 50 animals, but can vary between 5 and 250, depending on species, location and time of year. The structure within the troop varies considerably between hamadryas baboons and the remaining species, sometimes collectively referred to as savanna baboons. The hamadryas baboons
1144:
and refer to them collectively as "savanna baboons". This may not be helpful: it is based on the argument that the hamadryas baboon is behaviorally and physically distinct from other baboon species, and that this reflects a separate evolutionary history. However, recent morphological and genetic
570:
In general, each male can mate with any female; the mating order among the males depends partly on their social rank. Females typically give birth after a six-month gestation, usually to one infant. The females tend to be the primary caretaker of the young, although several females may share the
1321:. They are foragers and are active at irregular times throughout the day and night. They often raid human dwellings, and in South Africa they break into homes and cars in search of food. Baboons will also raid farms, eating crops and preying on sheep, goats and poultry.
2372:
Frost, S. R.; Marcus, L. F.; Bookstein, F. L.; Reddy, D. P.; Delson, E. (2003). "Cranial allometry, phylogeography, and systematics of large-bodied papionins (Primates:Cercopithecinae) inferred from geometric morphometric analysis of landmark data".
155:
157:
1515:
Females typically give birth after a six-month gestation, usually to a single infant; twin baboons are rare and often do not survive. The young baboon weighs approximately 400 g and has a black epidermis when born.
1220:, usually in size, but also sometimes in colour. Males have much larger upper canines compared to females and use them in threat displays. Males of the hamadryas baboon species also have large white manes.
2741:
Galezo, Allison A.; Nolas, Melina A.; Fogel, Arielle S.; Mututua, Raphael S.; Warutere, J. Kinyua; Siodi, I. Long'ida; Altmann, Jeanne; Archie, Elizabeth A.; Tung, Jenny; Alberts, Susan C. (2022-02-23).
2416:
Wildman, D. E.; Bergman, T. J.; al-Aghbari, A.; Sterner, K. N.; Newman, T. K.; Phillips-Conroy, J. E.; Jolly, C. J.; Disotell, T. R. (2004). "Mitochondrial evidence for the origin of hamadryas baboons".
1424:
confrontations between different families or rank challenges can have a wider impact on the whole troop than an internal conflict in a family or a baboon reinforcing its dominance.
1149:
show the hamadryas baboon to be more closely related to the northern baboon species (the Guinea and olive baboons) than to the southern species (the yellow and chacma baboons).
1580:
can transmit the disease to the primates upon close proximity. Pathogens have a high likelihood of spreading through humans and species of nonhuman primates, such as baboons.
7671:
2712:
range and individual animals spend most of their time alone. This means that the troop has essentially fragmented and no longer functions as a cohesive social unit.
1484:. Inbreeding avoidance through mate choice is thought to only evolve when related possible sexual partners frequently encounter each other and there is a risk of
1309:, highly opportunistic feeders and will eat virtually anything, including grasses, roots, seeds, leaves, bark, fruits, fungus, insects, spiders, worms, fish,
6179:
6121:
6059:
508:, is up to 120 cm (47 in) in length and weighs 40 kg (88 lb). All baboons have long, dog-like muzzles, heavy, powerful jaws with sharp
539:, but sleep in trees, or on high cliffs or rocks at night, away from predators. They are found in open savannas and woodlands across Africa. They are
6899:
6593:
6086:
6052:
5988:
5477:
5215:
5092:
5040:
2319:
Roos, Christian; Knauf, Sascha; Chuma, Idrissa S.; Maille, Audrey; Callou, Cécile; Sabin, Richard; Portela Miguez, Roberto; Zinner, Dietmar (2021).
6610:
6218:
5160:
4804:
4694:
4562:
4428:
4292:
6268:
6114:
6100:
5931:
5106:
5070:
4950:
4685:
4555:
4506:
4386:
3094:
6475:
6203:
5433:
5262:
4831:
4814:
4590:
4442:
4435:
4414:
4315:
1535:
7666:
7579:
6380:
5995:
5187:
4701:
4541:
4520:
4400:
4393:
4357:
4350:
4343:
4322:
4308:
2632:
6107:
5487:
5379:
5272:
5099:
4569:
4548:
4534:
4477:
4470:
4379:
3072:
2469:
6093:
5252:
4660:
4646:
4597:
4513:
4496:
4449:
4407:
4336:
4301:
4667:
4632:
4576:
4484:
4463:
4421:
4281:
2206:
5026:
4940:
4708:
4674:
4639:
4611:
4583:
1908:
Wallis, J.; Alonso, C.; Barlow, C.; Brito, J.; Ferreira da Silva, M. J.; Hernansaiz, A.; Kopp, G. H.; Vale, C.; Zinner, D. (2021) .
7527:
5085:
4653:
4604:
1969:
7553:
1797:
1679:
1527:
Baboons in captivity have been known to live up to 45 years, while in the wild their life expectancy is between 20 and 30 years.
3063:
2162:
1379:
1367:
1355:
7651:
2557:
2491:
Jonathan
Grainger; Stéphane Dufau; Marie Montant; Johannes C. Ziegler; Joël Fagot (2012). "Orthographic processing in baboons (
1883:
7571:
2947:
2924:
2616:
1717:
7558:
1208:
4172:
512:, close-set eyes, thick fur except on their muzzles, short tails, and nerveless, hairless pads of skin on their protruding
3087:
287:
2978:
2657:
Bergman TJ, Beehner JC, Cheney DL, Seyfarth RM (2003). "Hierarchical classification by rank and kinship in baboons".
1645:
1276:
1623:
2885:
1589:
7584:
1243:
1555:
was the deification of the hamadryas baboon and was therefore a sacred animal. It was known as the attendant of
3080:
2722:
Altmann, J.; Hausfater, G.; Altmann, S. A. (1988). "Determinants of reproductive success in savannah baboons,
7623:
3102:
1007:: Fruit, gums, insects, eggs, seeds, flowers, grass, rhizomes, corms, roots, tubers, and small vertebrates
7656:
7566:
7475:
5585:
3662:
3653:
2553:
1576:
family of viruses and strains infect baboons. Their effects on humans are unknown. Humans infected with
753:
605:
310:
7480:
4140:
1594:
1505:
504:, is 50 cm (20 in) in length and weighs only 14 kg (31 lb), while the largest, the
2255:
1185:, close-set eyes, thick fur except on their muzzles, short tails, and rough spots on their protruding
3473:
3446:
2074:
1736:
Newman, T. K.; Jolly, C. J.; Rogers, J. (2004). "Mitochondrial phylogeny and systematics of baboons (
6672:
1932:
1846:
4165:
3518:
2128:
2018:
1444:
2636:
2270:
Zinner, Dietmar; Wertheimer, Jenny; Liedigk, Rasmus; Groeneveld, Linn F.; Roos, Christian (2013).
1305:(ground dwelling) and are found in open savannah, open woodland and hills across Africa. They are
1104:: Grass, sedges, seeds, fruit, roots, leaves, buds, bark, flowers, insects, and small vertebrates
178:
7394:
6430:
6248:
5655:
4060:
3734:
3177:
3168:
791:
712:: Fruit, leaves, gum, insects, eggs, seeds, flowers, grass, roots, tubers, and small vertebrates
31:
17:
7610:
7415:
5709:
5413:
4794:
3874:
3378:
3260:
2490:
2461:
2202:
2158:
1965:
1879:
1793:
1701:
1635:
1473:
1247:
637:
7605:
6495:
4014:
3865:
3833:
3770:
3581:
3527:
3509:
3500:
3482:
3319:
3242:
2939:
1485:
1107:
1010:
938:
867:
715:
421:
7597:
1157:
In 2015 researchers found the oldest baboon fossil on record, dated at 2 million years old.
7501:
7462:
5729:
4087:
3752:
3671:
3005:
2755:
2666:
2504:
2426:
2197:
2188:
2153:
1960:
1874:
1788:
650:
4876:
1258:
543:
and their diet consists of a variety of plants and animals. Their principal predators are
8:
7172:
6553:
5832:
5750:
5695:
4158:
4069:
3743:
3644:
3536:
3491:
3251:
2580:
1420:
1408:
1197:
are nerveless, hairless pads of skin that provide for the sitting comfort of the baboon.
564:
3009:
2759:
2670:
2508:
2430:
2415:
2232:
1951:
7661:
6815:
6005:
5945:
5625:
5541:
4787:
3572:
3387:
3028:
2989:
2877:
2833:
2808:
2789:
2776:
2743:
2690:
2528:
2398:
2354:
2296:
2271:
2051:
1548:
1302:
1132:
has gained support for its species status after phylogenetic studies of all members of
583:
are recognized, although there is some disagreement about whether they are really full
536:
365:
173:
2858:"Leopard and Lion predation upon Chacma Baboons living in the Moremi Wildlife Reserve"
1909:
1823:
1779:
1669:
740:
7592:
7488:
6394:
6370:
6043:
5355:
4042:
3824:
3725:
3716:
3563:
3554:
3396:
3056:
3033:
2974:
2967:
2943:
2920:
2869:
2838:
2793:
2781:
2728:
Reproductive success: studies of individual variation in contrasting breeding systems
2682:
2612:
2578:
Cowlishaw, Guy (1 January 1994). "Vulnerability To
Predation in Baboon Populations".
2520:
2442:
2390:
2371:
2358:
2346:
2301:
2144:
2105:
1995:
1757:
1713:
1651:
1641:
1573:
1217:
525:
490:
2694:
2549:
2532:
2402:
1865:
904:
7646:
7302:
6946:
6839:
6522:
6305:
6241:
6211:
6148:
5235:
5151:
4996:
3948:
3848:
3779:
3545:
3209:
3104:
3023:
3013:
2828:
2820:
2771:
2763:
2674:
2589:
2512:
2434:
2382:
2336:
2291:
2283:
2250:
2123:
2069:
2013:
1927:
1841:
1749:
1552:
1170:
811:
521:
462:
454:
326:
260:
7493:
7453:
7225:
7194:
7186:
7070:
6970:
6825:
6795:
6412:
6258:
6195:
6025:
5975:
5961:
5954:
5908:
5702:
5497:
5167:
5120:
5054:
4369:
3815:
3707:
3680:
3635:
3328:
3111:
3067:
2988:
Zinner, Dietmar; Groeneveld, Linn F.; Keller, Christina; Roos, Christian (2009).
2709:
War, peace, and human nature: the convergence of evolutionary and cultural views.
1674:
1466:
1432:
1428:
1404:
560:
458:
2438:
1212:
Male olive baboon showing his canines. Ngorongoro
National Park, Tanzania, 2014.
417:
7351:
7312:
7243:
7100:
7090:
7060:
7037:
7027:
7017:
6929:
6878:
6863:
6848:
6785:
6764:
6754:
6421:
6401:
6016:
5743:
5720:
5178:
4120:
4078:
4051:
4033:
3797:
3761:
3698:
3437:
3218:
3158:
2916:
544:
7467:
2807:
Pike, Victoria L.; Cornwallis, Charlie K.; Griffin, Ashleigh S. (2021-08-11).
2767:
1092:: 50–115 cm (20–45 in) long, plus 45–72 cm (18–28 in) tail
976:
772:: 50–115 cm (20–45 in) long, plus 45–72 cm (18–28 in) tail
700:: 50–115 cm (20–45 in) long, plus 45–72 cm (18–28 in) tail
7640:
7438:
7330:
7165:
7156:
6885:
6855:
6805:
6775:
6617:
6583:
6515:
6437:
6387:
6346:
6325:
5924:
5884:
5605:
5568:
5524:
5517:
5467:
5443:
5063:
4986:
4753:
3990:
3966:
3957:
3939:
3806:
3788:
3361:
3337:
2873:
2241:
2114:
2060:
2004:
1918:
1832:
1705:
1640:(3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 166–167.
1631:
1448:
1342:
1338:
1314:
1200:
1048:
1030:
995:: 61–84 cm (24–33 in) long, plus 31–60 cm (12–24 in) tail
923:: 55–84 cm (22–33 in) long, plus 38–66 cm (15–26 in) tail
848:: 61–77 cm (24–30 in) long, plus 38–61 cm (15–24 in) tail
829:
735:
632:
505:
482:
474:
466:
350:
344:
332:
165:
82:
2678:
2593:
2516:
1655:
1083:
914:
500:
Baboons vary in size and weight depending on the species. The smallest, the
7362:
7291:
7202:
7179:
7127:
7110:
7080:
6922:
6870:
6724:
6505:
6458:
6363:
6298:
6288:
6278:
6188:
6070:
6032:
5917:
5764:
5757:
5665:
5403:
5389:
5322:
5201:
4971:
4929:
4727:
4266:
3975:
3930:
3689:
3428:
3301:
3292:
3233:
3037:
3018:
2842:
2824:
2785:
2686:
2524:
2446:
2394:
2350:
2305:
1761:
1619:
1561:
1501:
1458:
1182:
1129:
958:
887:
509:
501:
478:
470:
402:
356:
338:
296:
146:
1539:
A trained baboon operating a railway junction for a disabled signalman in
963:
138:
7540:
7447:
7268:
6451:
6332:
6315:
6079:
5685:
5595:
5460:
5423:
5343:
5282:
5003:
4456:
3464:
3455:
3275:
1481:
1346:
1290:
1181:
All baboons have long, dog-like muzzles, heavy, powerful jaws with sharp
304:
127:
57:
2881:
2857:
1349:
snake. This usually occurs when a baboon accidentally rouses the snake.
839:
7532:
6744:
6536:
5863:
5850:
5800:
5736:
5675:
5578:
5561:
5453:
5396:
5369:
5332:
5302:
5292:
5017:
4743:
4625:
4329:
4274:
4226:
4181:
4102:
3148:
2386:
2341:
2320:
2287:
1753:
1521:
1477:
1453:
1165:
1035:
816:
588:
532:
240:
102:
67:
1565:
examines the relationship between baboons and humans in South Africa.
1496:
892:
7545:
7514:
7213:
7143:
7117:
6986:
6936:
6573:
6563:
6486:
6339:
6229:
6128:
5894:
5648:
5551:
4765:
4527:
4243:
3608:
3346:
1599:
1540:
1413:
1310:
1190:
763:
691:
517:
270:
190:
107:
51:
7409:
986:
7519:
7432:
7279:
7255:
7048:
7007:
6953:
6892:
6465:
5615:
5508:
5208:
5133:
5033:
4618:
4258:
4199:
4111:
3192:
3142:
3136:
3130:
1735:
1509:
1318:
1306:
1186:
548:
540:
513:
494:
398:
210:
97:
92:
77:
72:
62:
3051:
2272:"Baboon phylogeny as inferred from complete mitochondrial genomes"
1407:
for baboons is "troop". Most baboons live in hierarchical troops.
7618:
7340:
7233:
6960:
6600:
6529:
5781:
5774:
5636:
5531:
5313:
5194:
5140:
4960:
4821:
4778:
4211:
3898:
3889:
3618:
2269:
2050:
Wallis, J.; Petersdorf, M.; Weyher, A. H.; Jolly, C. J. (2021) .
1637:
Mammal
Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
1330:
861:
584:
441:
437:
230:
112:
87:
706:: Forest, savanna, shrubland, grassland, rocky areas, and desert
6910:
6734:
6444:
6165:
5362:
5078:
4908:
4895:
4847:
4205:
4193:
3999:
3590:
3411:
3310:
3124:
1194:
486:
450:
250:
220:
200:
7506:
3052:
Baboons: Wildlife summary from the
African Wildlife Foundation
1395:
1140:
as a full species, but regard all the others as subspecies of
4237:
4150:
1556:
598:
556:
552:
2656:
1559:, so is also called the sacred baboon. The 2009 documentary
1491:
7320:
6353:
2730:. Chicago (IL): University Chicago Press. pp. 403–418.
2049:
1334:
785:
2987:
1329:
Other than humans, the principal predators of baboons are
497:
primates and have existed for at least two million years.
6703:
6690:
6640:
1710:
Handbook of the
Mammals of the World. Volume 3. Primates
1700:
2740:
2721:
1907:
1128:
Previously five species of baboon were recognised; the
489:
and the hamadryas baboon is also native to part of the
2744:"Mechanisms of inbreeding avoidance in a wild primate"
1989:
1987:
1254:
563:. Baboons can determine from vocal exchanges what the
559:. Most baboons live in hierarchical troops containing
2806:
7358:
7347:
7336:
7326:
7308:
7298:
7287:
7239:
7221:
7153:
7123:
7106:
7096:
7086:
7076:
7066:
7056:
7033:
7023:
7013:
7003:
6966:
6942:
6918:
6836:
6821:
6811:
6801:
6791:
6781:
6771:
6760:
6750:
6740:
6730:
6720:
6606:
6589:
6579:
6569:
6559:
6549:
6511:
6501:
6471:
6376:
6359:
6321:
6311:
6294:
6284:
6274:
6264:
6254:
6237:
6176:
6161:
6001:
5972:
5942:
5905:
5890:
5880:
5770:
5691:
5681:
5671:
5661:
5644:
5621:
5611:
5601:
5591:
5574:
5557:
5547:
5537:
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5483:
5473:
5449:
5439:
5429:
5419:
5409:
5385:
5375:
5351:
5328:
5298:
5288:
5278:
5268:
5258:
5248:
5117:
5051:
5014:
4983:
4967:
4956:
4946:
4936:
4925:
4827:
4810:
4800:
4760:
4749:
4739:
4239:
2994:
spp.) – Indication for introgressive hybridization?"
2318:
1945:
1943:
1419:
Baboons can determine from vocal exchanges what the
860:: Fruit, gum, insects, eggs, seeds, flowers, grass,
2226:
2224:
1984:
1385:
Baboons caught up a tree by
Kalahari lions (3 of 3)
1373:
Baboons caught up a tree by
Kalahari lions (2 of 3)
1361:
Baboons caught up a tree by Kalahari lions (1 of 3)
2969:Baboon Metaphysics: The Evolution of a Social Mind
2966:
2182:
2180:
2099:
2097:
2045:
2043:
2041:
1903:
1901:
1817:
1815:
2256:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T92250442A92251260.en
1940:
1859:
1857:
1773:
1771:
1731:
1729:
836:Horn of Africa and southwestern Arabian Peninsula
778:: Forest, savanna, grassland, and inland wetlands
528:in size, colour and/or canine teeth development.
7672:Taxa named by Johann Christian Polycarp Erxleben
7638:
2965:Cheney, Dorothy L.; Seyfarth, Robert M. (2007).
2715:
2221:
2075:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T136848A190319676.en
485:. Each species is native to one of six areas of
2325:baboons and their phylogeographic implications"
2263:
2177:
2094:
2038:
1933:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T16018A190269269.en
1898:
1847:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T16022A168568698.en
1812:
2964:
2136:
2129:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T40647A17953200.en
2082:
2019:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T16019A17953082.en
1854:
1768:
1726:
1712:. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. pp. 184–284.
1524:and stay in the same group their whole lives.
864:, corms, roots, tubers, and small vertebrates
4166:
3088:
2312:
878:
2026:
802:
726:
2933:
2088:
1530:
1001:: Forest, savanna, shrubland, and grassland
4906:
4173:
4159:
3095:
3081:
2990:"Mitochondrial phylogeography of baboons (
2936:The Kingdon Field Guide to African Mammals
1821:
1293:, which form part of the ability to read.
1257:. Please do not remove this message until
153:
137:
6701:
6639:
5861:
5799:
3027:
3017:
2832:
2809:"Why don't all animals avoid inbreeding?"
2775:
2577:
2340:
2329:American Journal of Physical Anthropology
2295:
2276:American Journal of Physical Anthropology
2254:
2186:
2142:
2127:
2073:
2017:
1993:
1949:
1931:
1863:
1845:
1777:
1742:American Journal of Physical Anthropology
1492:Birth, rearing young, and life expectancy
1277:Learn how and when to remove this message
1118:
1021:
949:
2973:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
2849:
1534:
1495:
1443:
1394:
1253:Relevant discussion may be found on the
1207:
1199:
1164:
524:have large white manes. Baboons exhibit
2606:
2600:
1223:
854:: Shrubland, grassland, and rocky areas
520:that provide for sitting comfort. Male
461:. There are six species of baboon: the
14:
7639:
2910:
2560:from the original on 17 September 2008
2544:
2542:
2459:
2230:
2103:
2032:
1886:from the original on February 10, 2019
1694:
1618:
1216:All baboon species exhibit pronounced
788:, small vertebrates, fruit, and seeds
7414:
7413:
6688:
5848:
4893:
4224:
4154:
3076:
2855:
2462:"Skull of earliest baboon discovered"
2419:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
1520:sexual maturity, whereas females are
627:IUCN status and estimated population
7667:Extant Pleistocene first appearances
7624:E3D72DB7-C059-4AEA-A282-79F1720C2453
2209:from the original on August 12, 2023
2165:from the original on August 12, 2023
1227:
493:. Baboons are among the largest non-
2539:
2242:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
2115:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
2061:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
2005:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1919:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1833:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1612:
1472:In a wild baboon population of the
1296:
567:relations are between individuals.
24:
2958:
2611:. Sterling. pp. 41, 76, 176.
1972:from the original on April 1, 2023
1800:from the original on July 13, 2023
1160:
25:
7683:
3045:
2726:". In Clutton-Brock T. H. (ed.).
1682:from the original on 8 March 2018
1390:
394:G. Cuvier and É. Geoffroy, 1795 (
7393:
6671:
5831:
4875:
2813:Proceedings. Biological Sciences
2472:from the original on 28 May 2017
2460:Geggel, Laura (21 August 2015).
1590:Amboseli Baboon Research Project
1378:
1366:
1354:
1232:
1152:
1117:
1098:: Shrubland, savanna, and forest
1082:
1034:
1020:
985:
962:
948:
929:: Forest, savanna, and shrubland
913:
891:
877:
838:
815:
801:
762:
739:
725:
690:
636:
177:
55:
4894:
2888:from the original on 2021-06-02
2800:
2734:
2701:
2650:
2625:
2571:
2484:
2453:
2409:
2365:
618:Scientific name and subspecies
6689:
5849:
4225:
4180:
1662:
1291:orthographic processing skills
935:: Omnivorous; primarily fruit
13:
1:
7652:Mammals of Sub-Saharan Africa
3663:Northern pig-tailed macaque (
3654:Southern pig-tailed macaque (
2321:"New mitogenomic lineages in
1605:
2754:(7): S0960–9822(22)00222–6.
1324:
1289:Baboons are able to acquire
7:
3447:Greater spot-nosed monkey (
2554:African Wildlife Foundation
2439:10.1016/j.ympev.2003.12.014
1583:
1568:
1504:on the back of its mother,
1474:Amboseli ecosystem in Kenya
1259:conditions to do so are met
1136:. Many authors distinguish
574:
10:
7688:
3519:Lesser spot-nosed monkey (
2934:Kingdon, Jonathan (2015).
2915:. Vol. II: Primates.
2911:Kingdon, Jonathan (2014).
2903:
2862:Botswana Notes and Records
2665:(November 14): 1234–1236.
1595:List of historical monkeys
1578:Mycobacterium tuberculosis
1506:Lake Manyara National Park
29:
7422:
7390:
7278:
7263:
7254:
7212:
7152:
7141:
7047:
6999:
6995:
6984:
6909:
6835:
6716:
6712:
6697:
6684:
6669:
6635:
6485:
6420:
6411:
6228:
6175:
6157:
6146:
6069:
6042:
6015:
5983:
5971:
5941:
5904:
5876:
5872:
5857:
5844:
5829:
5795:
5719:
5635:
5507:
5342:
5312:
5244:
5233:
5177:
5150:
5128:
5116:
5050:
5013:
4982:
4921:
4917:
4902:
4889:
4872:
4846:
4777:
4735:
4726:
4722:
4684:
4494:
4367:
4291:
4253:
4233:
4220:
4188:
4137:
4100:
4061:Golden-bellied mangabey (
4012:
3988:
3911:
3887:
3846:
3735:Celebes crested macaque (
3616:
3607:
3409:
3359:
3273:
3231:
3190:
3166:
3157:
3119:
3103:Extant species of family
2768:10.1016/j.cub.2022.01.082
2609:Snakes: A Natural History
2187:Shefferly, Nancy (2004).
2143:Shefferly, Nancy (2004).
1950:Shefferly, Nancy (2004).
1864:Shefferly, Nancy (2004).
1778:Shefferly, Nancy (2004).
1439:
1029:
957:
911:Central Africa (in green)
886:
810:
734:
631:
626:
623:
620:
617:
614:
371:
364:
323:
318:
302:
295:
174:Scientific classification
172:
164:
152:
145:
136:
43:
3875:Black crested mangabey (
3474:Campbell's mona monkey (
3261:Blue Nile patas monkey (
2998:BMC Evolutionary Biology
2607:Bauchot, Roland (2006).
2249:: e.T92250442A92251260.
1822:Sithaldeen, R. (2020) .
1634:; Reeder, D. M. (eds.).
1531:Relationship with humans
784:: Roots, tubers, bulbs,
168:calls recorded in Kenya
3866:Grey-cheeked mangabey (
3834:White-cheeked macaque (
3771:Formosan rock macaque (
3528:White-throated guenon (
3320:Bale Mountains vervet (
3243:Southern patas monkey (
2679:10.1126/science.1087513
2594:10.1163/156853994X00488
2550:"AWF: Wildlife: Baboon"
2517:10.1126/science.1218152
2068:: e.T136848A190319676.
1704:; Rylands, Anthony B.;
1702:Mittermeier, Russell A.
1080:Eastern Africa (in red)
1067:(Common yellow baboon)
32:Baboon (disambiguation)
4088:White-naped mangabey (
3753:Stump-tailed macaque (
3672:Pagai Island macaque (
3178:Allen's swamp monkey (
3019:10.1186/1471-2148-9-83
2825:10.1098/rspb.2021.1045
2633:"OED Collective nouns"
2203:University of Michigan
2159:University of Michigan
1994:Gippoliti, S. (2019).
1966:University of Michigan
1926:: e.T16018A190269269.
1880:University of Michigan
1840:: e.T16022A168568698.
1794:University of Michigan
1544:
1512:
1461:
1400:
1213:
1205:
1178:
7606:Paleobiology Database
4070:Tana River mangabey (
3744:Crab-eating macaque (
3645:Lion-tailed macaque (
3492:Crested mona monkey (
3369:(Terrestrial guenons)
3252:Common patas monkey (
2940:Bloomsbury Publishing
2707:Fry, Douglas P., ed.
2122:: e.T40647A17953200.
2012:: e.T16019A17953082.
1670:"Facts About Baboons"
1538:
1499:
1486:inbreeding depression
1447:
1398:
1211:
1203:
1168:
669:(Gray-footed chacma)
3582:De Brazza's monkey (
3510:Dent's mona monkey (
3501:Wolf's mona monkey (
3483:Lowe's mona monkey (
2856:BUSSE, CURT (1980).
2639:on December 14, 2011
2198:Animal Diversity Web
2154:Animal Diversity Web
1961:Animal Diversity Web
1875:Animal Diversity Web
1789:Animal Diversity Web
1469:to the male's face.
1224:Behavior and ecology
30:For other uses, see
6554:Paradolichopithecus
4043:Collared mangabey (
3856:(Crested mangabeys)
3825:Arunachal macaque (
3726:Gorontalo macaque (
3564:Red-tailed monkey (
3555:Moustached guenon (
3397:Sun-tailed monkey (
3107:(Old World monkeys)
3010:2009BMCEE...9...83Z
2938:(Second ed.).
2760:2022CBio...32E1607G
2671:2003Sci...302.1234B
2509:2012Sci...336..245G
2431:2004MolPE..32..287W
2231:Wallis, J. (2020).
2104:Wallis, J. (2020).
1678:. 21 January 2017.
1246:of this section is
1204:Chacma baboon skull
1191:ischial callosities
611:
518:ischial callosities
7657:Primates of Africa
6180:Victoriapithecidae
6122:Plesiopliopithecus
6060:Platodontopithecus
3949:Hamadryas baboon (
3780:Japanese macaque (
3546:Red-eared guenon (
3537:Sclater's guenon (
3419:(Arboreal guenons)
3379:L'Hoest's monkey (
3210:Angolan talapoin (
3066:2006-08-28 at the
2819:(1956): 20211045.
2724:Papio cynocephalus
2387:10.1002/ar.a.10112
2342:10.1002/ajpa.24186
2288:10.1002/ajpa.22185
2235:Papio cynocephalus
2191:Papio cynocephalus
1754:10.1002/ajpa.10340
1549:Egyptian mythology
1545:
1513:
1462:
1401:
1399:A troop of baboons
1313:, rodents, birds,
1214:
1206:
1179:
1065:P. c. cynocephalus
594:
345:Papio cynocephalus
7634:
7633:
7593:Open Tree of Life
7416:Taxon identifiers
7407:
7406:
7403:
7402:
7388:
7387:
7384:
7383:
7380:
7379:
7376:
7375:
7372:
7371:
7137:
7136:
6980:
6979:
6680:
6679:
6667:
6666:
6663:
6662:
6659:
6658:
6631:
6630:
6627:
6626:
6142:
6141:
6138:
6137:
6044:Dionysopithecidae
5946:Propliopithecidae
5840:
5839:
5827:
5826:
5823:
5822:
5819:
5818:
5791:
5790:
5229:
5228:
5225:
5224:
4885:
4884:
4870:
4869:
4866:
4865:
4842:
4841:
4718:
4717:
4148:
4147:
4133:
4132:
4027:
3924:
3859:
3816:Tibetan macaque (
3708:Tonkean macaque (
3681:Siberut macaque (
3636:Barbary macaque (
3629:
3603:
3602:
3573:Hamlyn's monkey (
3422:
3388:Preuss's monkey (
3372:
3329:Tantalus monkey (
3286:
3203:
3108:
3057:Primate Info Net
2949:978-1-4729-2531-2
2926:978-1-4081-8991-7
2913:Mammals of Africa
2618:978-1-4027-3181-5
2503:(6078): 245–248.
2375:Anatomical Record
1719:978-84-96553-89-7
1574:Herpesvirus papio
1287:
1286:
1279:
1218:sexual dimorphism
1126:
1125:
1052:
983:Equatorial Africa
980:
908:
833:
757:
675:(Ruacana chacma)
654:
624:Size and ecology
609:
526:sexual dimorphism
522:hamadryas baboons
491:Arabian Peninsula
455:Old World monkeys
431:
430:
425:
406:
387:
386:J. A. Allen, 1925
379:
291:
158:
131:
16:(Redirected from
7679:
7627:
7626:
7614:
7613:
7601:
7600:
7588:
7587:
7575:
7574:
7562:
7561:
7549:
7548:
7536:
7535:
7523:
7522:
7510:
7509:
7497:
7496:
7484:
7483:
7471:
7470:
7458:
7457:
7456:
7443:
7442:
7441:
7411:
7410:
7398:
7397:
7360:
7349:
7338:
7328:
7310:
7303:Australopithecus
7300:
7289:
7261:
7260:
7241:
7223:
7155:
7150:
7149:
7125:
7108:
7098:
7088:
7078:
7068:
7058:
7035:
7025:
7015:
7005:
6997:
6996:
6993:
6992:
6968:
6944:
6920:
6840:Dendropithecidae
6838:
6823:
6813:
6803:
6793:
6783:
6773:
6762:
6752:
6742:
6732:
6722:
6714:
6713:
6710:
6709:
6699:
6698:
6686:
6685:
6675:
6637:
6636:
6608:
6591:
6581:
6571:
6561:
6551:
6513:
6503:
6473:
6418:
6417:
6378:
6361:
6323:
6313:
6296:
6286:
6276:
6266:
6256:
6242:Cercopithecoides
6239:
6212:Victoriapithecus
6178:
6163:
6155:
6154:
6149:Cercopithecoidea
6003:
5981:
5980:
5974:
5944:
5907:
5892:
5882:
5874:
5873:
5870:
5869:
5859:
5858:
5846:
5845:
5835:
5797:
5796:
5772:
5693:
5683:
5673:
5663:
5646:
5623:
5613:
5603:
5593:
5576:
5559:
5549:
5539:
5495:
5485:
5475:
5451:
5441:
5431:
5421:
5411:
5387:
5377:
5353:
5330:
5300:
5290:
5280:
5270:
5260:
5250:
5242:
5241:
5152:Proteopithecidae
5126:
5125:
5119:
5053:
5016:
4985:
4969:
4958:
4948:
4938:
4927:
4919:
4918:
4915:
4914:
4904:
4903:
4891:
4890:
4880:
4879:
4829:
4812:
4802:
4762:
4751:
4741:
4733:
4732:
4724:
4723:
4251:
4250:
4241:
4235:
4234:
4222:
4221:
4175:
4168:
4161:
4152:
4151:
4079:Sanje mangabey (
4052:Agile mangabey (
4034:Sooty mangabey (
4026:
4025:
4019:
3923:
3922:
3918:
3858:
3857:
3853:
3798:Bonnet macaque (
3762:Rhesus macaque (
3717:Heck's macaque (
3699:Booted macaque (
3628:
3627:
3623:
3614:
3613:
3530:C. erythrogaster
3438:Roloway monkey (
3421:
3420:
3416:
3371:
3370:
3366:
3322:C. djamdjamensis
3285:
3284:
3283:(Vervet monkeys)
3280:
3219:Gabon talapoin (
3202:
3201:
3197:
3164:
3163:
3106:
3105:Cercopithecidae
3097:
3090:
3083:
3074:
3073:
3041:
3031:
3021:
2984:
2972:
2953:
2930:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2893:
2853:
2847:
2846:
2836:
2804:
2798:
2797:
2779:
2738:
2732:
2731:
2719:
2713:
2705:
2699:
2698:
2654:
2648:
2647:
2645:
2644:
2635:. Archived from
2629:
2623:
2622:
2604:
2598:
2597:
2588:(3–4): 293–304.
2575:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2565:
2546:
2537:
2536:
2488:
2482:
2481:
2479:
2477:
2457:
2451:
2450:
2413:
2407:
2406:
2381:(2): 1048–1072.
2369:
2363:
2362:
2344:
2316:
2310:
2309:
2299:
2267:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2228:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2184:
2175:
2174:
2172:
2170:
2140:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2101:
2092:
2086:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2047:
2036:
2030:
2024:
2023:
2021:
1991:
1982:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1947:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1905:
1896:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1861:
1852:
1851:
1849:
1819:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1775:
1766:
1765:
1733:
1724:
1723:
1698:
1692:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1666:
1660:
1659:
1616:
1382:
1370:
1358:
1297:Habitat and prey
1282:
1275:
1271:
1268:
1262:
1236:
1235:
1228:
1171:hamadryas baboon
1121:
1120:
1111:
1086:
1046:
1038:
1024:
1023:
1014:
989:
974:
966:
952:
951:
942:
917:
903:
895:
881:
880:
871:
842:
827:
819:
812:Hamadryas baboon
805:
804:
795:
766:
751:
743:
729:
728:
719:
694:
661:Three subspecies
648:
640:
612:
604:
593:
463:hamadryas baboon
457:, in the family
449:, one of the 23
412:
393:
385:
377:
286:
182:
181:
160:
159:
141:
125:
124:
54:
47:Temporal range:
41:
40:
27:Genus of mammals
21:
7687:
7686:
7682:
7681:
7680:
7678:
7677:
7676:
7637:
7636:
7635:
7630:
7622:
7617:
7609:
7604:
7596:
7591:
7583:
7578:
7570:
7565:
7557:
7552:
7544:
7539:
7531:
7526:
7518:
7513:
7505:
7500:
7492:
7487:
7479:
7474:
7466:
7461:
7452:
7451:
7446:
7437:
7436:
7431:
7418:
7408:
7399:
7392:
7368:
7274:
7250:
7226:Chororapithecus
7208:
7195:Pierolapithecus
7187:Hispanopithecus
7146:
7133:
7071:Gigantopithecus
7043:
6989:
6976:
6971:Yuanmoupithecus
6905:
6900:Turkanapithecus
6831:
6826:Samburupithecus
6796:Nacholapithecus
6706:
6693:
6676:
6655:
6623:
6594:Procynocephalus
6481:
6413:Cercopithecinae
6407:
6259:Dolichopithecus
6224:
6196:Nsungwepithecus
6171:
6151:
6134:
6087:Barberapithecus
6065:
6053:Dionysopithecus
6038:
6026:Epipliopithecus
6011:
5989:Krishnapithecus
5976:Pliopithecoidea
5967:
5962:Propliopithecus
5955:Aegyptopithecus
5937:
5909:Oligopithecidae
5900:
5866:
5853:
5836:
5815:
5787:
5715:
5631:
5503:
5478:Proteropithecia
5338:
5308:
5238:
5221:
5216:Ucayalipithecus
5173:
5146:
5121:Parapithecoidea
5112:
5093:Myanmarpithecus
5055:Amphipithecidae
5046:
5041:Phenacopithecus
5009:
4978:
4911:
4898:
4881:
4874:
4862:
4838:
4773:
4714:
4680:
4490:
4370:Anaptomorphinae
4363:
4287:
4247:
4229:
4216:
4184:
4179:
4149:
4144:
4129:
4096:
4063:C. chrysogaster
4023:
4021:
4020:
4018:
4008:
3984:
3967:Chacma baboon (
3958:Guinea baboon (
3942:P. cynocephalus
3940:Yellow baboon (
3920:
3919:
3917:
3907:
3883:
3855:
3854:
3852:
3842:
3807:Assam macaque (
3789:Toque macaque (
3746:M. fascicularis
3625:
3624:
3622:
3599:
3418:
3417:
3415:
3405:
3368:
3367:
3365:
3355:
3338:Vervet monkey (
3282:
3281:
3279:
3269:
3227:
3199:
3198:
3196:
3186:
3180:A. nigroviridis
3153:
3115:
3112:Cercopithecinae
3101:
3068:Wayback Machine
3048:
2981:
2961:
2959:Further reading
2956:
2950:
2927:
2917:A & C Black
2906:
2901:
2900:
2891:
2889:
2854:
2850:
2805:
2801:
2748:Current Biology
2739:
2735:
2720:
2716:
2706:
2702:
2655:
2651:
2642:
2640:
2631:
2630:
2626:
2619:
2605:
2601:
2576:
2572:
2563:
2561:
2548:
2547:
2540:
2489:
2485:
2475:
2473:
2458:
2454:
2414:
2410:
2370:
2366:
2317:
2313:
2268:
2264:
2229:
2222:
2212:
2210:
2185:
2178:
2168:
2166:
2141:
2137:
2102:
2095:
2087:
2083:
2048:
2039:
2031:
2027:
1998:Papio hamadryas
1992:
1985:
1975:
1973:
1954:Papio hamadryas
1948:
1941:
1906:
1899:
1889:
1887:
1862:
1855:
1820:
1813:
1803:
1801:
1776:
1769:
1734:
1727:
1720:
1708:, eds. (2013).
1699:
1695:
1685:
1683:
1675:livescience.com
1668:
1667:
1663:
1648:
1617:
1613:
1608:
1586:
1571:
1533:
1494:
1442:
1433:Robert Sapolsky
1431:can also vary;
1429:social dynamics
1405:collective noun
1393:
1386:
1383:
1374:
1371:
1362:
1359:
1327:
1299:
1283:
1272:
1266:
1263:
1252:
1237:
1233:
1226:
1175:Papio hamadryas
1163:
1161:Characteristics
1155:
1142:P. cynocephalus
1115:
1109:
1100:
1099:
1094:
1093:
1081:
1077:
1076:
1073:(Ibean baboon)
1061:
1060:
1054:
1053:
1045:
1043:P. cynocephalus
1018:
1012:
1003:
1002:
997:
996:
984:
973:
946:
940:
931:
930:
925:
924:
912:
902:
875:
869:
856:
855:
850:
849:
837:
826:
799:
793:
780:
779:
774:
773:
761:
750:
723:
717:
708:
707:
702:
701:
689:
688:Southern Africa
685:
684:
667:P. u. griseipes
663:
662:
656:
655:
647:
579:Six species of
577:
545:Nile crocodiles
459:Cercopithecidae
440:comprising the
354:
348:
342:
336:
330:
327:Papio hamadryas
314:
308:
285:
261:Cercopithecidae
176:
154:
132:
123:
122:
121:
120:
115:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
49:
48:
45:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7685:
7675:
7674:
7669:
7664:
7659:
7654:
7649:
7632:
7631:
7629:
7628:
7615:
7602:
7589:
7576:
7563:
7550:
7537:
7524:
7511:
7498:
7485:
7472:
7459:
7444:
7428:
7426:
7420:
7419:
7405:
7404:
7401:
7400:
7391:
7389:
7386:
7385:
7382:
7381:
7378:
7377:
7374:
7373:
7370:
7369:
7367:
7366:
7356:
7352:Sahelanthropus
7345:
7334:
7324:
7317:
7313:Graecopithecus
7306:
7296:
7284:
7282:
7276:
7275:
7273:
7272:
7264:
7258:
7252:
7251:
7249:
7248:
7244:Nakalipithecus
7237:
7230:
7218:
7216:
7210:
7209:
7207:
7206:
7199:
7191:
7183:
7176:
7169:
7161:
7159:
7147:
7142:
7139:
7138:
7135:
7134:
7132:
7131:
7121:
7114:
7104:
7101:Lufengpithecus
7094:
7091:Khoratpithecus
7084:
7074:
7064:
7061:Ankarapithecus
7053:
7051:
7045:
7044:
7042:
7041:
7038:Ouranopithecus
7031:
7028:Nakalipithecus
7021:
7018:Graecopithecus
7011:
7000:
6990:
6985:
6982:
6981:
6978:
6977:
6975:
6974:
6964:
6957:
6950:
6940:
6933:
6926:
6915:
6913:
6907:
6906:
6904:
6903:
6896:
6889:
6882:
6879:Rangwapithecus
6875:
6867:
6864:Nyanzapithecus
6860:
6852:
6849:Dendropithecus
6844:
6842:
6833:
6832:
6830:
6829:
6819:
6809:
6799:
6789:
6786:Morotopithecus
6779:
6769:
6765:Kamoyapithecus
6758:
6755:Griphopithecus
6748:
6738:
6728:
6717:
6707:
6702:
6695:
6694:
6682:
6681:
6678:
6677:
6670:
6668:
6665:
6664:
6661:
6660:
6657:
6656:
6654:
6653:
6652:
6651:
6645:
6643:
6633:
6632:
6629:
6628:
6625:
6624:
6622:
6621:
6614:
6611:Soromandrillus
6604:
6597:
6587:
6577:
6567:
6557:
6547:
6540:
6533:
6526:
6519:
6509:
6499:
6491:
6489:
6483:
6482:
6480:
6479:
6469:
6462:
6455:
6448:
6441:
6434:
6431:Allenopithecus
6426:
6424:
6422:Cercopithecini
6415:
6409:
6408:
6406:
6405:
6402:Trachypithecus
6398:
6391:
6384:
6374:
6367:
6357:
6350:
6343:
6336:
6329:
6319:
6309:
6302:
6292:
6282:
6272:
6262:
6252:
6245:
6234:
6232:
6226:
6225:
6223:
6222:
6219:Zaltanpithecus
6215:
6208:
6200:
6192:
6184:
6182:
6173:
6172:
6170:
6169:
6158:
6152:
6147:
6144:
6143:
6140:
6139:
6136:
6135:
6133:
6132:
6125:
6118:
6111:
6104:
6097:
6090:
6083:
6075:
6073:
6067:
6066:
6064:
6063:
6056:
6048:
6046:
6040:
6039:
6037:
6036:
6029:
6021:
6019:
6017:Pliopithecidae
6013:
6012:
6010:
6009:
5999:
5992:
5984:
5978:
5969:
5968:
5966:
5965:
5958:
5950:
5948:
5939:
5938:
5936:
5935:
5928:
5921:
5913:
5911:
5902:
5901:
5899:
5898:
5888:
5877:
5867:
5862:
5855:
5854:
5842:
5841:
5838:
5837:
5830:
5828:
5825:
5824:
5821:
5820:
5817:
5816:
5814:
5813:
5812:
5811:
5805:
5803:
5793:
5792:
5789:
5788:
5786:
5785:
5778:
5768:
5761:
5758:Leontopithecus
5754:
5747:
5740:
5733:
5725:
5723:
5721:Callitrichidae
5717:
5716:
5714:
5713:
5706:
5699:
5689:
5679:
5669:
5659:
5652:
5641:
5639:
5633:
5632:
5630:
5629:
5619:
5609:
5599:
5589:
5582:
5572:
5565:
5555:
5545:
5535:
5528:
5521:
5513:
5511:
5505:
5504:
5502:
5501:
5491:
5481:
5471:
5464:
5457:
5447:
5437:
5427:
5417:
5407:
5400:
5393:
5383:
5373:
5366:
5359:
5348:
5346:
5340:
5339:
5337:
5336:
5326:
5318:
5316:
5310:
5309:
5307:
5306:
5296:
5286:
5276:
5266:
5256:
5245:
5239:
5234:
5231:
5230:
5227:
5226:
5223:
5222:
5220:
5219:
5212:
5205:
5198:
5191:
5183:
5181:
5179:Parapithecidae
5175:
5174:
5172:
5171:
5164:
5161:Proteopithecus
5156:
5154:
5148:
5147:
5145:
5144:
5137:
5129:
5123:
5114:
5113:
5111:
5110:
5103:
5096:
5089:
5082:
5075:
5067:
5059:
5057:
5048:
5047:
5045:
5044:
5037:
5030:
5022:
5020:
5011:
5010:
5008:
5007:
5000:
4992:
4990:
4980:
4979:
4977:
4976:
4965:
4954:
4944:
4934:
4922:
4912:
4907:
4900:
4899:
4887:
4886:
4883:
4882:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4867:
4864:
4863:
4861:
4860:
4859:
4858:
4852:
4850:
4844:
4843:
4840:
4839:
4837:
4836:
4825:
4818:
4808:
4805:Hesperotarsius
4798:
4791:
4783:
4781:
4775:
4774:
4772:
4771:
4758:
4747:
4736:
4730:
4720:
4719:
4716:
4715:
4713:
4712:
4705:
4698:
4690:
4688:
4682:
4681:
4679:
4678:
4671:
4664:
4657:
4650:
4643:
4636:
4629:
4622:
4615:
4608:
4601:
4594:
4587:
4580:
4573:
4566:
4563:Gunnelltarsius
4559:
4552:
4545:
4538:
4531:
4524:
4517:
4510:
4502:
4500:
4492:
4491:
4489:
4488:
4481:
4474:
4467:
4460:
4453:
4446:
4439:
4432:
4429:Pseudotetonius
4425:
4418:
4411:
4404:
4397:
4390:
4383:
4375:
4373:
4365:
4364:
4362:
4361:
4354:
4347:
4340:
4333:
4326:
4319:
4312:
4305:
4297:
4295:
4293:Microchoerinae
4289:
4288:
4286:
4285:
4278:
4271:
4263:
4254:
4248:
4238:
4231:
4230:
4218:
4217:
4215:
4214:
4208:
4202:
4196:
4189:
4186:
4185:
4178:
4177:
4170:
4163:
4155:
4146:
4145:
4138:
4135:
4134:
4131:
4130:
4128:
4127:
4123:M. leucophaeus
4118:
4108:
4106:
4098:
4097:
4095:
4094:
4085:
4076:
4067:
4058:
4049:
4040:
4030:
4028:
4010:
4009:
4007:
4006:
3996:
3994:
3986:
3985:
3983:
3982:
3976:Kinda baboon (
3973:
3964:
3955:
3946:
3937:
3931:Olive baboon (
3927:
3925:
3909:
3908:
3906:
3905:
3895:
3893:
3885:
3884:
3882:
3881:
3872:
3862:
3860:
3844:
3843:
3841:
3840:
3831:
3822:
3813:
3804:
3795:
3786:
3777:
3768:
3759:
3750:
3741:
3732:
3723:
3714:
3705:
3696:
3690:Moor macaque (
3687:
3678:
3669:
3660:
3651:
3642:
3632:
3630:
3611:
3605:
3604:
3601:
3600:
3598:
3597:
3593:C. lomamiensis
3588:
3579:
3570:
3561:
3552:
3543:
3534:
3525:
3516:
3507:
3498:
3489:
3480:
3471:
3462:
3453:
3444:
3435:
3429:Diana monkey (
3425:
3423:
3407:
3406:
3404:
3403:
3394:
3385:
3375:
3373:
3357:
3356:
3354:
3353:
3344:
3340:C. pygerythrus
3335:
3326:
3317:
3308:
3302:Green monkey (
3299:
3293:Dryas monkey (
3289:
3287:
3271:
3270:
3268:
3267:
3263:E. poliophaeus
3258:
3249:
3239:
3237:
3229:
3228:
3226:
3225:
3216:
3206:
3204:
3188:
3187:
3185:
3184:
3174:
3172:
3169:Allenopithecus
3161:
3159:Cercopithecini
3155:
3154:
3152:
3151:
3145:
3139:
3133:
3127:
3120:
3117:
3116:
3100:
3099:
3092:
3085:
3077:
3071:
3070:
3054:
3047:
3046:External links
3044:
3043:
3042:
2985:
2979:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2954:
2948:
2931:
2925:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2899:
2898:
2848:
2799:
2733:
2714:
2700:
2649:
2624:
2617:
2599:
2570:
2538:
2483:
2452:
2425:(1): 287–296.
2408:
2364:
2335:(3): 407–417.
2311:
2282:(1): 133–140.
2262:
2220:
2176:
2135:
2093:
2081:
2037:
2025:
1983:
1939:
1897:
1853:
1811:
1767:
1725:
1718:
1706:Wilson, Don E.
1693:
1661:
1646:
1610:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1603:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1585:
1582:
1570:
1567:
1532:
1529:
1493:
1490:
1480:is avoided by
1449:Chacma baboons
1441:
1438:
1392:
1391:Social systems
1389:
1388:
1387:
1384:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1353:
1343:striped hyenas
1326:
1323:
1315:vervet monkeys
1298:
1295:
1285:
1284:
1240:
1238:
1231:
1225:
1222:
1162:
1159:
1154:
1151:
1124:
1123:
1110: LC
1105:
1087:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1068:
1059:Two subspecies
1058:
1057:
1056:
1055:
1040:
1027:
1026:
1013: LC
1008:
990:
981:
968:
955:
954:
941: LC
936:
918:
909:
897:
884:
883:
870: LC
865:
843:
834:
821:
808:
807:
794: NT
789:
767:
760:Western Africa
758:
745:
732:
731:
718: LC
713:
695:
686:
683:
682:
681:(Cape chacma)
676:
670:
660:
659:
658:
657:
642:
629:
628:
625:
622:
619:
616:
610:– six species
576:
573:
429:
428:
427:
426:
413:Lesson, 1840 (
407:
388:
380:
369:
368:
362:
361:
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2:
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7650:
7648:
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7644:
7642:
7625:
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7612:
7607:
7603:
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7590:
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7577:
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7568:
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7525:
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7516:
7512:
7508:
7503:
7499:
7495:
7490:
7486:
7482:
7477:
7473:
7469:
7464:
7460:
7455:
7449:
7445:
7440:
7434:
7430:
7429:
7427:
7425:
7421:
7417:
7412:
7396:
7365:
7364:
7357:
7354:
7353:
7346:
7343:
7342:
7335:
7333:
7332:
7331:Kenyanthropus
7325:
7323:
7322:
7318:
7315:
7314:
7307:
7305:
7304:
7297:
7294:
7293:
7286:
7285:
7283:
7281:
7277:
7271:
7270:
7266:
7265:
7262:
7259:
7257:
7253:
7246:
7245:
7238:
7236:
7235:
7231:
7228:
7227:
7220:
7219:
7217:
7215:
7211:
7205:
7204:
7200:
7197:
7196:
7192:
7189:
7188:
7184:
7182:
7181:
7177:
7175:
7174:
7170:
7168:
7167:
7166:Anoiapithecus
7163:
7162:
7160:
7158:
7157:Dryopithecini
7151:
7148:
7145:
7140:
7130:
7129:
7122:
7120:
7119:
7115:
7113:
7112:
7105:
7103:
7102:
7095:
7093:
7092:
7085:
7083:
7082:
7075:
7073:
7072:
7065:
7063:
7062:
7055:
7054:
7052:
7050:
7046:
7040:
7039:
7032:
7030:
7029:
7022:
7020:
7019:
7012:
7010:
7009:
7002:
7001:
6998:
6994:
6991:
6988:
6983:
6973:
6972:
6965:
6963:
6962:
6958:
6956:
6955:
6951:
6949:
6948:
6941:
6939:
6938:
6934:
6932:
6931:
6927:
6925:
6924:
6917:
6916:
6914:
6912:
6908:
6902:
6901:
6897:
6895:
6894:
6890:
6888:
6887:
6886:Rukwapithecus
6883:
6881:
6880:
6876:
6873:
6872:
6868:
6866:
6865:
6861:
6858:
6857:
6856:Micropithecus
6853:
6851:
6850:
6846:
6845:
6843:
6841:
6834:
6828:
6827:
6820:
6818:
6817:
6810:
6808:
6807:
6806:Otavipithecus
6800:
6798:
6797:
6790:
6788:
6787:
6780:
6778:
6777:
6776:Kenyapithecus
6770:
6767:
6766:
6759:
6757:
6756:
6749:
6747:
6746:
6739:
6737:
6736:
6729:
6727:
6726:
6719:
6718:
6715:
6711:
6708:
6705:
6700:
6696:
6692:
6687:
6683:
6674:
6649:
6648:
6647:
6646:
6644:
6642:
6638:
6634:
6620:
6619:
6618:Theropithecus
6615:
6613:
6612:
6605:
6603:
6602:
6598:
6596:
6595:
6588:
6586:
6585:
6584:Procercocebus
6578:
6576:
6575:
6568:
6566:
6565:
6558:
6556:
6555:
6548:
6546:
6545:
6541:
6539:
6538:
6534:
6532:
6531:
6527:
6525:
6524:
6520:
6518:
6517:
6516:Gorgopithecus
6510:
6508:
6507:
6500:
6498:
6497:
6493:
6492:
6490:
6488:
6484:
6478:
6477:
6470:
6468:
6467:
6463:
6461:
6460:
6456:
6454:
6453:
6449:
6447:
6446:
6445:Cercopithecus
6442:
6440:
6439:
6438:Allochrocebus
6435:
6433:
6432:
6428:
6427:
6425:
6423:
6419:
6416:
6414:
6410:
6404:
6403:
6399:
6397:
6396:
6392:
6390:
6389:
6388:Semnopithecus
6385:
6383:
6382:
6375:
6373:
6372:
6371:Rhinopithecus
6368:
6366:
6365:
6358:
6356:
6355:
6351:
6349:
6348:
6344:
6342:
6341:
6337:
6335:
6334:
6330:
6328:
6327:
6326:Parapresbytis
6320:
6318:
6317:
6310:
6308:
6307:
6303:
6301:
6300:
6293:
6291:
6290:
6283:
6281:
6280:
6273:
6271:
6270:
6269:Kuseracolobus
6263:
6261:
6260:
6253:
6251:
6250:
6246:
6244:
6243:
6236:
6235:
6233:
6231:
6227:
6221:
6220:
6216:
6214:
6213:
6209:
6206:
6205:
6201:
6198:
6197:
6193:
6191:
6190:
6186:
6185:
6183:
6181:
6174:
6168:
6167:
6160:
6159:
6156:
6153:
6150:
6145:
6131:
6130:
6126:
6124:
6123:
6119:
6117:
6116:
6115:Laccopithecus
6112:
6110:
6109:
6105:
6103:
6102:
6101:Egarapithecus
6098:
6096:
6095:
6091:
6089:
6088:
6084:
6082:
6081:
6077:
6076:
6074:
6072:
6068:
6062:
6061:
6057:
6055:
6054:
6050:
6049:
6047:
6045:
6041:
6035:
6034:
6030:
6028:
6027:
6023:
6022:
6020:
6018:
6014:
6008:
6007:
6000:
5998:
5997:
5993:
5991:
5990:
5986:
5985:
5982:
5979:
5977:
5970:
5964:
5963:
5959:
5957:
5956:
5952:
5951:
5949:
5947:
5940:
5934:
5933:
5932:Talahpithecus
5929:
5927:
5926:
5925:Oligopithecus
5922:
5920:
5919:
5915:
5914:
5912:
5910:
5903:
5897:
5896:
5889:
5887:
5886:
5885:Micropithecus
5879:
5878:
5875:
5871:
5868:
5865:
5860:
5856:
5852:
5847:
5843:
5834:
5809:
5808:
5807:
5806:
5804:
5802:
5798:
5794:
5784:
5783:
5779:
5777:
5776:
5769:
5767:
5766:
5762:
5760:
5759:
5755:
5753:
5752:
5748:
5746:
5745:
5741:
5739:
5738:
5734:
5732:
5731:
5727:
5726:
5724:
5722:
5718:
5712:
5711:
5707:
5705:
5704:
5700:
5698:
5697:
5690:
5688:
5687:
5680:
5678:
5677:
5670:
5668:
5667:
5660:
5658:
5657:
5653:
5651:
5650:
5643:
5642:
5640:
5638:
5634:
5628:
5627:
5620:
5618:
5617:
5610:
5608:
5607:
5606:Protopithecus
5600:
5598:
5597:
5590:
5588:
5587:
5583:
5581:
5580:
5573:
5571:
5570:
5566:
5564:
5563:
5556:
5554:
5553:
5546:
5544:
5543:
5536:
5534:
5533:
5529:
5527:
5526:
5522:
5520:
5519:
5515:
5514:
5512:
5510:
5506:
5500:
5499:
5492:
5490:
5489:
5482:
5480:
5479:
5472:
5470:
5469:
5468:Plecturocebus
5465:
5463:
5462:
5458:
5456:
5455:
5448:
5446:
5445:
5444:Miocallicebus
5438:
5436:
5435:
5428:
5426:
5425:
5418:
5416:
5415:
5408:
5406:
5405:
5401:
5399:
5398:
5394:
5392:
5391:
5384:
5382:
5381:
5374:
5372:
5371:
5367:
5365:
5364:
5360:
5358:
5357:
5350:
5349:
5347:
5345:
5341:
5335:
5334:
5327:
5325:
5324:
5320:
5319:
5317:
5315:
5311:
5305:
5304:
5297:
5295:
5294:
5287:
5285:
5284:
5277:
5275:
5274:
5267:
5265:
5264:
5257:
5255:
5254:
5247:
5246:
5243:
5240:
5237:
5232:
5218:
5217:
5213:
5211:
5210:
5206:
5204:
5203:
5199:
5197:
5196:
5192:
5190:
5189:
5185:
5184:
5182:
5180:
5176:
5170:
5169:
5165:
5163:
5162:
5158:
5157:
5155:
5153:
5149:
5143:
5142:
5138:
5136:
5135:
5131:
5130:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5115:
5109:
5108:
5107:Siamopithecus
5104:
5102:
5101:
5097:
5095:
5094:
5090:
5088:
5087:
5083:
5081:
5080:
5076:
5073:
5072:
5071:Bugtipithecus
5068:
5066:
5065:
5064:Amphipithecus
5061:
5060:
5058:
5056:
5049:
5043:
5042:
5038:
5036:
5035:
5031:
5029:
5028:
5024:
5023:
5021:
5019:
5012:
5006:
5005:
5001:
4999:
4998:
4994:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4987:Afrotarsiidae
4981:
4974:
4973:
4966:
4963:
4962:
4955:
4953:
4952:
4951:Aseanpithecus
4945:
4943:
4942:
4935:
4932:
4931:
4924:
4923:
4920:
4916:
4913:
4910:
4905:
4901:
4897:
4892:
4888:
4878:
4856:
4855:
4854:
4853:
4851:
4849:
4845:
4834:
4833:
4826:
4824:
4823:
4819:
4817:
4816:
4809:
4807:
4806:
4799:
4797:
4796:
4795:Cephalopachus
4792:
4790:
4789:
4785:
4784:
4782:
4780:
4776:
4769:
4767:
4759:
4756:
4755:
4754:Afrotarsiidae
4748:
4746:
4745:
4738:
4737:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4725:
4721:
4711:
4710:
4706:
4704:
4703:
4699:
4697:
4696:
4692:
4691:
4689:
4687:
4686:Tarkadectinae
4683:
4677:
4676:
4672:
4670:
4669:
4665:
4663:
4662:
4658:
4656:
4655:
4651:
4649:
4648:
4644:
4642:
4641:
4637:
4635:
4634:
4630:
4628:
4627:
4623:
4621:
4620:
4616:
4614:
4613:
4609:
4607:
4606:
4602:
4600:
4599:
4595:
4593:
4592:
4588:
4586:
4585:
4581:
4579:
4578:
4574:
4572:
4571:
4567:
4565:
4564:
4560:
4558:
4557:
4556:Ekwiiyemakius
4553:
4551:
4550:
4546:
4544:
4543:
4539:
4537:
4536:
4532:
4530:
4529:
4525:
4523:
4522:
4518:
4516:
4515:
4511:
4509:
4508:
4507:Ageitodendron
4504:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4493:
4487:
4486:
4482:
4480:
4479:
4475:
4473:
4472:
4468:
4466:
4465:
4461:
4459:
4458:
4454:
4452:
4451:
4447:
4445:
4444:
4440:
4438:
4437:
4433:
4431:
4430:
4426:
4424:
4423:
4419:
4417:
4416:
4412:
4410:
4409:
4405:
4403:
4402:
4398:
4396:
4395:
4391:
4389:
4388:
4387:Anaptomorphus
4384:
4382:
4381:
4377:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4366:
4360:
4359:
4355:
4353:
4352:
4348:
4346:
4345:
4341:
4339:
4338:
4334:
4332:
4331:
4327:
4325:
4324:
4320:
4318:
4317:
4313:
4311:
4310:
4306:
4304:
4303:
4299:
4298:
4296:
4294:
4290:
4284:
4283:
4279:
4277:
4276:
4272:
4269:
4268:
4264:
4261:
4260:
4256:
4255:
4252:
4249:
4245:
4236:
4232:
4228:
4223:
4219:
4213:
4209:
4207:
4203:
4201:
4197:
4195:
4191:
4190:
4187:
4183:
4176:
4171:
4169:
4164:
4162:
4157:
4156:
4153:
4143:
4142:
4136:
4126:
4124:
4119:
4117:
4115:
4110:
4109:
4107:
4105:
4104:
4099:
4093:
4091:
4086:
4084:
4082:
4077:
4075:
4073:
4068:
4066:
4064:
4059:
4057:
4055:
4050:
4048:
4046:
4041:
4039:
4037:
4032:
4031:
4029:
4022:(White-eyelid
4017:
4016:
4011:
4005:
4003:
3998:
3997:
3995:
3993:
3992:
3991:Theropithecus
3987:
3981:
3979:
3974:
3972:
3970:
3965:
3963:
3961:
3956:
3954:
3952:
3947:
3945:
3943:
3938:
3936:
3934:
3929:
3928:
3926:
3916:
3915:
3910:
3904:
3902:
3897:
3896:
3894:
3892:
3891:
3886:
3880:
3878:
3873:
3871:
3869:
3864:
3863:
3861:
3851:
3850:
3845:
3839:
3837:
3836:M. leucogenys
3832:
3830:
3828:
3823:
3821:
3819:
3814:
3812:
3810:
3809:M. assamensis
3805:
3803:
3801:
3796:
3794:
3792:
3787:
3785:
3783:
3778:
3776:
3774:
3769:
3767:
3765:
3760:
3758:
3756:
3751:
3749:
3747:
3742:
3740:
3738:
3733:
3731:
3729:
3728:M. nigrescens
3724:
3722:
3720:
3715:
3713:
3711:
3706:
3704:
3702:
3697:
3695:
3693:
3688:
3686:
3684:
3679:
3677:
3675:
3670:
3668:
3666:
3661:
3659:
3657:
3656:M. nemestrina
3652:
3650:
3648:
3643:
3641:
3639:
3634:
3633:
3631:
3621:
3620:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3606:
3596:
3594:
3589:
3587:
3585:
3580:
3578:
3576:
3571:
3569:
3567:
3562:
3560:
3558:
3553:
3551:
3549:
3548:C. erythrotis
3544:
3542:
3540:
3535:
3533:
3531:
3526:
3524:
3522:
3521:C. petaurista
3517:
3515:
3513:
3508:
3506:
3504:
3499:
3497:
3495:
3490:
3488:
3486:
3481:
3479:
3477:
3472:
3470:
3468:
3465:Mona monkey (
3463:
3461:
3459:
3456:Blue monkey (
3454:
3452:
3450:
3445:
3443:
3441:
3436:
3434:
3432:
3427:
3426:
3424:
3414:
3413:
3412:Cercopithecus
3408:
3402:
3400:
3395:
3393:
3391:
3386:
3384:
3382:
3377:
3376:
3374:
3364:
3363:
3362:Allochrocebus
3358:
3352:
3350:
3345:
3343:
3341:
3336:
3334:
3332:
3327:
3325:
3323:
3318:
3316:
3314:
3309:
3307:
3305:
3300:
3298:
3296:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3278:
3277:
3272:
3266:
3264:
3259:
3257:
3255:
3250:
3248:
3246:
3245:E. baumstarki
3241:
3240:
3238:
3236:
3235:
3230:
3224:
3222:
3217:
3215:
3213:
3208:
3207:
3205:
3195:
3194:
3189:
3183:
3181:
3176:
3175:
3173:
3171:
3170:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3156:
3150:
3146:
3144:
3140:
3138:
3134:
3132:
3128:
3126:
3122:
3121:
3118:
3113:
3109:
3098:
3093:
3091:
3086:
3084:
3079:
3078:
3075:
3069:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3049:
3039:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2993:
2986:
2982:
2980:9780226102436
2976:
2971:
2970:
2963:
2962:
2951:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2932:
2928:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2909:
2908:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2859:
2852:
2844:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2803:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2737:
2729:
2725:
2718:
2710:
2704:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2653:
2638:
2634:
2628:
2620:
2614:
2610:
2603:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2582:
2574:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2545:
2543:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2487:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2456:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2412:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2368:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2324:
2315:
2307:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2281:
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2020:
2015:
2011:
2007:
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1990:
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1971:
1967:
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1962:
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1946:
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1929:
1925:
1921:
1920:
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1885:
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1877:
1876:
1871:
1869:
1860:
1858:
1848:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1834:
1829:
1827:
1826:Papio ursinus
1818:
1816:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1790:
1785:
1783:
1782:Papio ursinus
1774:
1772:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1751:
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1721:
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1671:
1665:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1647:0-801-88221-4
1643:
1639:
1638:
1633:
1632:Wilson, D. E.
1629:
1627:
1621:
1620:Groves, C. P.
1615:
1611:
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1316:
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1294:
1292:
1281:
1278:
1270:
1267:November 2021
1260:
1256:
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1210:
1202:
1198:
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1158:
1153:Fossil record
1150:
1148:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1122:
1113:
1112:
1106:
1103:
1097:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1079:
1072:
1071:P. c. ibeanus
1069:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1050:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1032:
1031:Yellow baboon
1028:
1025:
1016:
1015:
1009:
1006:
1000:
994:
991:
988:
982:
978:
972:
969:
967:
965:
960:
956:
953:
944:
943:
937:
934:
928:
922:
919:
916:
910:
906:
901:
898:
896:
894:
889:
885:
882:
873:
872:
866:
863:
859:
853:
847:
844:
841:
835:
831:
825:
822:
820:
818:
813:
809:
806:
797:
796:
790:
787:
783:
777:
771:
768:
765:
759:
755:
749:
746:
744:
742:
737:
736:Guinea baboon
733:
730:
721:
720:
714:
711:
705:
699:
696:
693:
687:
680:
679:P. u. ursinus
677:
674:
673:P. u. ruacana
671:
668:
665:
664:
652:
646:
643:
641:
639:
634:
633:Chacma baboon
630:
613:
607:
602:
601:
600:
592:
590:
586:
582:
572:
568:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
529:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
506:chacma baboon
503:
498:
496:
492:
488:
484:
483:chacma baboon
480:
476:
475:yellow baboon
472:
468:
467:Guinea baboon
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
447:
443:
439:
435:
423:
419:
416:
411:
408:
404:
400:
397:
392:
389:
384:
381:
378:Gervais, 1839
376:
375:Chaeropitheus
373:
372:
370:
367:
363:
360:
359:
358:
353:
352:
351:Papio ursinus
347:
346:
341:
340:
335:
334:
329:
328:
322:
317:
312:
307:
306:
301:
298:
294:
289:
284:
283:
279:
276:
275:
272:
269:
266:
265:
262:
259:
256:
255:
252:
249:
246:
245:
242:
239:
236:
235:
232:
229:
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225:
222:
219:
216:
215:
212:
209:
206:
205:
202:
199:
196:
195:
192:
189:
186:
185:
180:
175:
171:
167:
166:Yellow baboon
163:
151:
148:
144:
140:
135:
129:
114:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
53:
42:
39:
37:
33:
19:
7423:
7363:Paranthropus
7361:
7350:
7339:
7329:
7319:
7311:
7301:
7292:Ardipithecus
7290:
7267:
7242:
7232:
7224:
7203:Rudapithecus
7201:
7193:
7185:
7180:Dryopithecus
7178:
7171:
7164:
7128:Sivapithecus
7126:
7116:
7111:Meganthropus
7109:
7099:
7089:
7081:Indopithecus
7079:
7069:
7059:
7036:
7026:
7016:
7006:
6969:
6961:Symphalangus
6959:
6952:
6945:
6935:
6928:
6923:Bunopithecus
6921:
6898:
6891:
6884:
6877:
6871:Oreopithecus
6869:
6862:
6854:
6847:
6824:
6814:
6804:
6794:
6784:
6774:
6763:
6753:
6743:
6733:
6725:Afropithecus
6723:
6616:
6609:
6599:
6592:
6582:
6572:
6562:
6552:
6543:
6542:
6535:
6528:
6521:
6514:
6506:Dinopithecus
6504:
6494:
6476:Nanopithecus
6474:
6464:
6459:Erythrocebus
6457:
6450:
6443:
6436:
6429:
6400:
6393:
6386:
6379:
6369:
6364:Rhinocolobus
6362:
6352:
6345:
6338:
6333:Piliocolobus
6331:
6324:
6314:
6304:
6299:Microcolobus
6297:
6289:Mesopithecus
6287:
6279:Libypithecus
6277:
6267:
6257:
6247:
6240:
6217:
6210:
6204:Prohylobates
6202:
6194:
6189:Noropithecus
6187:
6164:
6127:
6120:
6113:
6106:
6099:
6092:
6085:
6078:
6071:Crouzeliidae
6058:
6051:
6033:Pliopithecus
6031:
6024:
6004:
5994:
5987:
5960:
5953:
5930:
5923:
5918:Catopithecus
5916:
5893:
5883:
5780:
5773:
5763:
5756:
5749:
5742:
5735:
5728:
5708:
5701:
5694:
5684:
5674:
5666:Dolichocebus
5664:
5654:
5647:
5624:
5614:
5604:
5594:
5584:
5577:
5567:
5560:
5550:
5540:
5530:
5523:
5516:
5496:
5486:
5476:
5466:
5459:
5452:
5442:
5434:Mazzonicebus
5432:
5422:
5412:
5402:
5395:
5390:Cebupithecia
5388:
5378:
5368:
5361:
5356:Antillothrix
5354:
5331:
5321:
5301:
5291:
5281:
5271:
5263:Perupithecus
5261:
5251:
5214:
5207:
5202:Parapithecus
5200:
5193:
5186:
5166:
5159:
5139:
5132:
5105:
5098:
5091:
5084:
5077:
5069:
5062:
5039:
5032:
5025:
5002:
4995:
4972:Phileosimias
4970:
4959:
4949:
4939:
4930:Altiatlasius
4928:
4832:Xanthorhysis
4830:
4820:
4815:Oligotarsius
4813:
4803:
4793:
4786:
4763:
4752:
4742:
4728:Tarsiiformes
4707:
4700:
4693:
4673:
4666:
4659:
4652:
4645:
4638:
4631:
4624:
4617:
4610:
4603:
4596:
4591:Macrotarsius
4589:
4582:
4575:
4568:
4561:
4554:
4547:
4540:
4533:
4526:
4519:
4512:
4505:
4483:
4476:
4469:
4462:
4455:
4448:
4443:Strigorhysis
4441:
4436:Sphacorhysis
4434:
4427:
4420:
4415:Chlororhysis
4413:
4406:
4399:
4392:
4385:
4378:
4356:
4349:
4342:
4335:
4328:
4321:
4316:Microchoerus
4314:
4307:
4300:
4280:
4273:
4267:Altiatlasius
4265:
4257:
4139:
4122:
4113:
4101:
4090:C. lunulatus
4089:
4080:
4072:C. galeritus
4071:
4062:
4053:
4045:C. torquatus
4044:
4035:
4013:
4001:
3989:
3977:
3968:
3959:
3951:P. hamadryas
3950:
3941:
3932:
3913:
3912:
3900:
3888:
3877:L. aterrimus
3876:
3867:
3847:
3835:
3826:
3818:M. thibetana
3817:
3808:
3799:
3790:
3781:
3772:
3763:
3755:M. arctoides
3754:
3745:
3736:
3727:
3718:
3709:
3700:
3691:
3682:
3673:
3664:
3655:
3646:
3637:
3617:
3592:
3584:C. neglectus
3583:
3574:
3565:
3556:
3547:
3538:
3529:
3520:
3511:
3502:
3493:
3484:
3476:C. campbelli
3475:
3466:
3457:
3449:C. nictitans
3448:
3439:
3430:
3410:
3398:
3389:
3380:
3360:
3349:C. cynosuros
3348:
3339:
3330:
3321:
3312:
3303:
3294:
3274:
3262:
3253:
3244:
3234:Erythrocebus
3232:
3221:M. ogouensis
3220:
3211:
3191:
3179:
3167:
3058:
3001:
2997:
2991:
2968:
2935:
2912:
2890:. Retrieved
2865:
2861:
2851:
2816:
2812:
2802:
2751:
2747:
2736:
2727:
2723:
2717:
2708:
2703:
2662:
2658:
2652:
2641:. Retrieved
2637:the original
2627:
2608:
2602:
2585:
2579:
2573:
2562:. Retrieved
2500:
2496:
2492:
2486:
2474:. Retrieved
2466:Live Science
2465:
2455:
2422:
2418:
2411:
2378:
2374:
2367:
2332:
2328:
2322:
2314:
2279:
2275:
2265:
2246:
2240:
2234:
2211:. Retrieved
2196:
2190:
2167:. Retrieved
2152:
2147:Papio anubis
2146:
2138:
2119:
2113:
2108:Papio anubis
2107:
2089:Kingdon 2015
2084:
2065:
2059:
2054:Papio kindae
2053:
2033:Kingdon 2014
2028:
2009:
2003:
1997:
1974:. Retrieved
1959:
1953:
1923:
1917:
1911:
1888:. Retrieved
1873:
1867:
1837:
1831:
1825:
1802:. Retrieved
1787:
1781:
1748:(1): 17–27.
1745:
1741:
1737:
1709:
1696:
1684:. Retrieved
1673:
1664:
1636:
1625:
1614:
1577:
1572:
1562:Baboon Woman
1560:
1546:
1526:
1518:
1514:
1502:Olive baboon
1471:
1467:swollen rump
1463:
1459:South Africa
1452:
1426:
1418:
1402:
1328:
1317:, and small
1301:Baboons are
1300:
1288:
1273:
1264:
1242:
1215:
1183:canine teeth
1180:
1174:
1156:
1146:
1141:
1138:P. hamadryas
1137:
1133:
1130:Kinda baboon
1127:
1114:
1108:
1101:
1095:
1089:
1070:
1064:
1042:
1033:
1017:
1011:
1004:
998:
992:
970:
961:
959:Olive baboon
945:
939:
932:
926:
920:
899:
890:
888:Kinda baboon
874:
868:
857:
851:
845:
824:P. hamadryas
823:
814:
798:
792:
781:
775:
769:
747:
738:
722:
716:
709:
703:
697:
678:
672:
666:
644:
635:
615:Common name
597:
596:
580:
578:
569:
531:Baboons are
530:
510:canine teeth
502:Kinda baboon
499:
479:Kinda baboon
471:olive baboon
445:
444:
433:
432:
414:
409:
395:
391:Cynocephalus
390:
383:Comopithecus
382:
374:
357:Papio kindae
355:
349:
343:
339:Papio anubis
337:
331:
325:
324:
303:
297:Type species
281:
280:
247:Infraorder:
147:Olive baboon
38:
36:
7541:iNaturalist
7448:Wikispecies
6911:Hylobatidae
6601:Rungwecebus
6466:Miopithecus
6452:Chlorocebus
6381:Sawecolobus
6316:Paracolobus
6080:Anapithecus
5996:Paidopithex
5751:Leontocebus
5686:Panamacebus
5596:Paralouatta
5532:Brachyteles
5424:Insulacebus
5344:Pitheciidae
5283:Canaanimico
5236:Platyrrhini
5188:Abuqatrania
5004:Afrotarsius
4909:Simiiformes
4896:Simiiformes
4848:Simiiformes
4702:Tarkadectes
4542:Diablomomys
4521:Brontomomys
4457:Teilhardina
4401:Arapahovius
4394:Anemorhysis
4358:Vectipithex
4351:Quercyloris
4344:Pseudoloris
4323:Nannopithex
4309:Melaneremia
3890:Rungwecebus
3868:L. albigena
3773:M. cyclopis
3710:M. tonkeana
3701:M. ochreata
3674:M. pagensis
3638:M. sylvanus
3566:C. ascanius
3539:C. sclateri
3494:C. pogonias
3347:Malbrouck (
3331:C. tantalus
3313:C. aethiops
3276:Chlorocebus
3212:M. talapoin
3200:(Talapoins)
3193:Miopithecus
3110:(subfamily
2493:Papio papio
1912:Papio papio
1868:Papio papio
1522:philopatric
1482:mate choice
1409:Group sizes
1347:black mamba
1303:terrestrial
1145:studies of
537:terrestrial
422:preoccupied
403:preoccupied
333:Papio papio
305:Papio papio
251:Simiiformes
128:Pleistocene
50:2.0–0
7641:Categories
6745:Equatorius
6704:Hominoidea
6691:Hominoidea
6650:see below↓
6641:Hominoidea
6537:Mandrillus
6523:Lophocebus
6496:Cercocebus
6347:Procolobus
6108:Fanchangia
5864:Catarrhini
5851:Catarrhini
5810:see below↓
5801:Catarrhini
5737:Callithrix
5676:Killikaike
5579:Mohanamico
5562:Chilecebus
5488:Soriacebus
5454:Nuciruptor
5414:Homunculus
5404:Chiropotes
5397:Cheracebus
5380:Carlocebus
5370:Callicebus
5333:Tremacebus
5303:Lagonimico
5293:Branisella
5273:Szalatavus
5100:Pondaungia
5018:Eosimiidae
4857:see below↓
4744:Archicebus
4626:Shoshonius
4570:Hemiacodon
4549:Dyseolemur
4535:Chumashius
4478:Trogolemur
4471:Tetonoides
4380:Absarokius
4330:Necrolemur
4275:Bownomomys
4227:Haplorhini
4182:Haplorhini
4112:Mandrill (
4103:Mandrillus
4024:mangabeys)
4015:Cercocebus
3969:P. ursinus
3901:R. kipunji
3849:Lophocebus
3827:M. munzala
3800:M. radiata
3782:M. fuscata
3764:M. mulatta
3665:M. leonina
3647:M. silenus
3626:(Macaques)
3575:C. hamlyni
3440:C. roloway
3399:A. solatus
3390:A. preussi
3381:A. lhoesti
3304:C. sabaeus
3149:Haplorhini
3147:Suborder:
3061:Factsheets
3004:(83): 83.
2892:2021-03-03
2643:2006-11-26
2564:2008-08-18
2476:19 October
1606:References
1478:inbreeding
1454:Cape Point
1451:mating at
1307:omnivorous
1244:neutrality
1169:Face of a
645:P. ursinus
589:subspecies
541:omnivorous
241:Haplorhini
237:Suborder:
7662:Papionini
7214:Gorillini
7144:Homininae
6987:Hominidae
6937:Hylobates
6816:Proconsul
6574:Pliopapio
6564:Parapapio
6487:Papionini
6354:Pygathrix
6340:Presbytis
6230:Colobinae
6129:Pliobates
6094:Crouzelia
5895:Saadanius
5730:Callimico
5649:Acrecebus
5626:Stirtonia
5569:Lagothrix
5552:Cartelles
5498:Xenothrix
5253:Parvimico
4779:Tarsiidae
4766:Omomyidae
4661:Washakius
4647:Uintanius
4598:Nesomomys
4528:Chipetaia
4514:Asiomomys
4497:Omomyinae
4450:Tatmanius
4408:Aycrossia
4337:Paraloris
4302:Indusomys
4244:Omomyidae
4192:Kingdom:
4114:M. sphinx
4081:C. sanjei
4054:C. agilis
4002:T. gelada
3978:P. kindae
3933:P. anubis
3921:(Baboons)
3899:Kipunji (
3791:M. sinica
3683:M. siberu
3609:Papionini
3557:C. cephus
3123:Kingdom:
2874:0525-5090
2868:: 15–21.
2794:247087385
2581:Behaviour
2359:227182800
1600:Parapapio
1541:Uitenhage
1421:dominance
1414:matriline
1325:Predators
1319:antelopes
1311:shellfish
1255:talk page
1189:, called
971:P. anubis
900:P. kindae
754:Desmarest
606:Desmarest
565:dominance
410:Hamadryas
311:Desmarest
271:Papionini
197:Kingdom:
191:Eukaryota
7572:12100580
7433:Wikidata
7280:Hominina
7256:Hominini
7173:Danuvius
7049:Ponginae
7008:Buronius
6954:Nomascus
6893:Simiolus
5782:Saguinus
5744:Cebuella
5696:Patasola
5616:Solimoea
5518:Alouatta
5509:Atelidae
5461:Pithecia
5209:Qatrania
5134:Arsinoea
5034:Eosimias
4668:Wyomomys
4633:Steinius
4619:Rooneyia
4577:Jemezius
4485:Walshina
4464:Tetonius
4422:Gazinius
4282:Kohatius
4259:Altanius
4212:Primates
4206:Mammalia
4200:Chordata
4198:Phylum:
4194:Animalia
4141:Category
4000:Gelada (
3960:P. papio
3737:M. nigra
3719:M. hecki
3692:M. maura
3591:Lesula (
3512:C. denti
3503:C. wolfi
3485:C. lowei
3458:C. mitis
3431:C. diana
3311:Grivet (
3295:C. dryas
3254:E. patas
3143:Primates
3137:Mammalia
3131:Chordata
3129:Phylum:
3125:Animalia
3064:Archived
3038:19389236
2886:Archived
2882:40980790
2843:34344184
2786:35216670
2695:30172042
2687:14615544
2558:Archived
2533:16902074
2525:22499949
2470:Archived
2447:15186814
2403:42411162
2395:14613306
2351:33244782
2306:23180628
2213:July 24,
2207:Archived
2169:July 24,
2163:Archived
2091:, p. 120
2035:, p. 232
1976:July 24,
1970:Archived
1890:July 24,
1884:Archived
1804:July 24,
1798:Archived
1762:15085544
1686:15 April
1680:Archived
1656:62265494
1622:(2005).
1584:See also
1569:Diseases
1510:Tanzania
1331:leopards
1248:disputed
1195:calluses
1193:. These
1187:buttocks
1116:Unknown
1049:Linnaeus
1019:Unknown
947:Unknown
905:Lönnberg
876:Unknown
862:rhizomes
830:Linnaeus
800:Unknown
748:P. papio
724:Unknown
575:Taxonomy
549:leopards
514:buttocks
495:hominoid
481:and the
438:primates
420:, 1804:
401:, 1768:
399:Boddaert
366:Synonyms
319:Species
288:Erxleben
257:Family:
231:Primates
221:Mammalia
211:Chordata
207:Phylum:
201:Animalia
187:Domain:
130:– Recent
7647:Baboons
7619:ZooBank
7533:5219585
7439:Q159429
7341:Orrorin
7234:Gorilla
6930:Hoolock
6306:Nasalis
6249:Colobus
5775:Micodon
5710:Sapajus
5703:Saimiri
5637:Cebidae
5586:Oreonax
5542:Caipora
5363:Cacajao
5314:Aotidae
5195:Apidium
5168:Serapia
5141:Biretia
5027:Bahinia
4997:Afrasia
4961:Nosmips
4941:Amamria
4822:Tarsius
4788:Carlito
4709:Tarkops
4675:Yaquius
4640:Stockia
4612:Ourayia
4584:Loveina
4210:Order:
4204:Class:
4121:Drill (
4036:C. atys
3467:C. mona
3141:Order:
3135:Class:
3029:2681462
3006:Bibcode
2904:Sources
2834:8334842
2777:9007874
2756:Bibcode
2667:Bibcode
2659:Science
2505:Bibcode
2497:Science
2427:Bibcode
2297:3572579
1624:"GENUS
1543:, 1884.
1427:Baboon
1339:spotted
1096:Habitat
1051:, 1766)
999:Habitat
979:, 1827)
927:Habitat
852:Habitat
832:, 1758)
776:Habitat
756:, 1820)
704:Habitat
653:, 1792)
585:species
533:diurnal
516:called
434:Baboons
277:Genus:
267:Tribe:
227:Order:
217:Class:
119:↓
18:Baboons
7598:115460
7559:572827
7520:1PAPOG
6735:Ekembo
6530:Macaca
6395:Simias
6166:Alophe
5525:Ateles
5086:Krabia
5079:Ganlea
4654:Utahia
4605:Omomys
3619:Macaca
3036:
3026:
2977:
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2923:
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2872:
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2393:
2357:
2349:
2304:
2294:
1760:
1716:
1654:
1644:
1500:Young
1440:Mating
1337:, and
977:Lesson
907:, 1919
621:Range
608:, 1820
595:Genus
561:harems
557:hyenas
487:Africa
477:, the
473:, the
469:, the
465:, the
451:genera
418:Hübner
313:, 1820
290:, 1777
126:Early
44:Baboon
7611:40871
7546:43534
7507:15084
7468:Papio
7454:Papio
7424:Papio
7118:Pongo
6947:Junzi
6544:Papio
5656:Cebus
5323:Aotus
4695:Tarka
3914:Papio
3059:Papio
2992:Papio
2878:JSTOR
2790:S2CID
2691:S2CID
2529:S2CID
2399:S2CID
2355:S2CID
2323:Papio
1738:Papio
1630:. In
1626:Papio
1557:Thoth
1335:lions
1147:Papio
1134:Papio
786:corms
599:Papio
581:Papio
553:lions
446:Papio
442:genus
282:Papio
7585:9554
7580:NCBI
7554:ITIS
7528:GBIF
7515:EPPO
7494:6DGR
7481:6871
7476:BOLD
7321:Homo
6006:Kapi
5765:Mico
3034:PMID
2975:ISBN
2944:ISBN
2921:ISBN
2870:ISSN
2839:PMID
2782:PMID
2683:PMID
2613:ISBN
2521:PMID
2495:)".
2478:2017
2443:PMID
2391:PMID
2347:PMID
2302:PMID
2247:2020
2215:2023
2171:2023
2120:2020
2066:2021
2010:2019
1978:2023
1924:2021
1892:2023
1838:2019
1806:2023
1758:PMID
1740:)".
1714:ISBN
1688:2018
1652:OCLC
1642:ISBN
1553:Babi
1403:The
1341:and
1241:The
1102:Diet
1090:Size
1005:Diet
993:Size
933:Diet
921:Size
858:Diet
846:Size
782:Diet
770:Size
710:Diet
698:Size
651:Kerr
555:and
535:and
436:are
58:PreꞒ
7567:MSW
7502:EoL
7489:CoL
7463:ADW
7269:Pan
3024:PMC
3014:doi
2829:PMC
2821:doi
2817:288
2772:PMC
2764:doi
2675:doi
2663:302
2590:doi
2586:131
2513:doi
2501:336
2435:doi
2383:doi
2379:275
2337:doi
2333:174
2292:PMC
2284:doi
2280:150
2251:doi
2124:doi
2070:doi
2014:doi
1928:doi
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1750:doi
1746:124
1547:In
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587:or
453:of
415:non
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