1131:
52:
471:
75:
68:
528:
502:
914:
1055:
516:, a reconstruction of the Red Sea canal that had fallen out of use. Trajan reportedly moved the mouth of the canal further south from its former location, to the site of what is now Old Cairo, where he also constructed a fortified harbor. The construction of the present Babylon Fortress (whose remains are visible today) has been attributed by more recent archeological research to the reign of
1130:
524:, provided a considerable defense for both the land and sea routes in the region. The canal passed between two massive round towers and ran through the middle of the fortress. In later centuries, a wall was built between the two large towers to block the canal.
690:
An
Egyptian hieroglyphic dictionary: with an index of English words, king list and geological list with indexes, list of hieroglyphic characters, coptic and semitic alphabets, etc. Vol II
1036:
1059:
927:
1018:
Ed: A. V. Zakharova, S. V. Maltseva, E. Iu. Staniukovich-Denisova. Lomonosov Moscow State
University / St. Petersburg: NP-Print, 2019, pp. 180–188. ISSN 2312-2129.
520:(r. 285–305), who expanded the fortifications at the mouth of the canal around 300 AD. The large new fortress, probably made necessary after the
132:
1150:
1043:
259:, where the river craft paid tolls when ascending or descending the Nile. Within the fortress's former enclosure are the present-day
1021:
932:
374:
372:
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359:
296:
293:
290:
1155:
369:
366:
51:
994:
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896:
364:
356:
354:
486:
linked the Nile with the Red Sea. During an uprising, Babylonian prisoners established a stronghold between
Memphis and
167:
870:
67:
952:
941:
Gabra, Gawdat; van Loon, Gertrud J.M.; Reif, Stefan; Swelim, Tarek (2013). Ludwig, Carolyn; Jackson, Morris (eds.).
17:
570:, but most are of those who rejected it. No longer a residential bishopric, Babylon is today listed by both the
694:
923:
264:
1012:
The
Reconstruction of the Diocletianic Fortress in Babylon of Egypt: Architectural Decorations and Details
774:
646:
478:
Some historical sources, such as John of Nikiu, report that a fortress named
Babylon was first founded by
521:
711:
1175:
1170:
1029:
601:
567:
1051:
698:
571:
597:
944:
The
History and Religious Heritage of Old Cairo: Its Fortress, Churches, Synagogue, and Mosque
1165:
984:
605:
506:
483:
447:
237:
743:
586:
563:
390:
323:
312:
470:
418:, who conquered or campaigned in the area circa 568. He named it after his own home city,
8:
1115:
688:
427:
1160:
1095:
1080:
1105:
990:
969:
948:
892:
671:
562:
of
Augustamnica Secunda. The names of several of its bishops are recorded. After the
512:
The fortress's origins are often associated with Trajan (r. 98–117), who created the
491:
487:
479:
415:
106:
673:
Dictionnaire des Noms Géographiques
Contenus dans les Textes Hiéroglyphiques Vol. 4
609:
555:
495:
319:
737:
613:
426:. According to Egyptologists, the ancient name of the site was Kheriaha, although
411:
963:
942:
852:
575:
209:
201:
1011:
559:
532:
439:
268:
527:
1144:
1090:
1075:
1016:
Actual
Problems of Theory and History of Art: Collection of articles. Vol. 9.
918:
608:. The history of this conquest, and of the subsequent rule of the then still
260:
182:
169:
147:
134:
490:, on an elevation on the east bank of the Nile. The canal was re-dug by the
540:
459:
256:
229:
217:
986:
Babylon of Egypt: The
Archaeology of Old Cairo and the Origins of the City
462:, where the river craft paid tolls when ascending or descending the Nile.
1110:
579:
551:
455:
423:
252:
120:
917: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
809:
866:
797:
517:
501:
233:
221:
600:
the Byzantine fortress held out for about seven months before finally
547:
543:
505:
Exterior of one of the two round towers that flanked the entrance to
225:
1100:
621:
474:
The south gate of Babylon Fortress in a 19th-century illustration
451:
419:
245:
31:
647:"أسماء بعض البلاد المصرية بالقبطية - كتاب لغتنا القبطية المصرية"
531:
The south gate of Babylon Fortress (2007 photo), over which the
590:
241:
1120:
1070:
1054:
872:
A Checklist of Bishops in Byzantine Egypt (A.D. 325 – c. 750)
110:
833:
443:
781:(in French). Vol. II. Paris: De Bure. pp. 33–35.
757:
755:
753:
589:
period the city revolted against the rule of its emperor,
968:. Translated by Wood, Willard. Harvard University Press.
56:
Remains of one of the two towers guarding the Roman canal
821:
940:
815:
750:
854:
Oriens christianus in quatuor Patriarchatus digestus
717:
785:
430:derives the modern Babylon name from Perhabinon.
263:, a convent, and several churches, including the
232:. The fortress was built circa 300 AD by Emperor
1142:
739:Aegyptologische Randglossen zum Alten Testament
1037:
686:
94:
27:Ancient Roman fortress near Old Cairo, Egypt
773:
735:
1044:
1030:
922:
877:Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik
50:
742:. Schlesier & Schweikhardt. p.
669:
526:
500:
469:
74:
982:
961:
933:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography
839:
827:
803:
791:
761:
723:
236:in order to protect the entrance to an
14:
1143:
947:. American University in Cairo Press.
1025:
224:, located in the area known today as
857:, Paris 1740, Vol. II, coll. 555–560
410:According to the 7th-century writer
220:fortress on the eastern bank of the
1151:Roman legionary fortresses in Egypt
482:circa 568 BC, at the site where an
454:. It was the boundary town between
446:, and near the commencement of the
205:
24:
1004:
414:, the name "Babylon" was given by
25:
1187:
891:(Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013
422:, which was the dominant city of
1129:
1053:
912:
806:, pp. 35–38, 55, 59, 62–63.
244:, that linked the Nile with the
73:
66:
906:
882:
860:
845:
251:It was at the boundary between
767:
729:
705:
680:
663:
639:
612:city by the Arabs, is told by
13:
1:
1156:Roman fortifications in Egypt
736:Spiegelberg, Wilhelm (1904).
627:
566:(451), some are of those who
687:Wallis Budge, E. A. (1920).
632:
433:
7:
989:. Oxford University Press.
620:which survives now only in
539:The town was the seat of a
522:Crisis of the Third Century
450:connecting the Nile to the
10:
1192:
779:L'Égypte sous les Pharaons
775:Champollion, Jean-François
465:
442:, on the east bank of the
346:
282:
213:
95:
29:
1127:
1066:
438:Babylon lay northeast of
387:pr ḥꜥpj n wn (Perhabinon)
126:
116:
102:
90:
61:
49:
42:
962:Raymond, André (2000) .
889:Annuario Pontificio 2013
670:Gauthier, Henri (1927).
240:, previously rebuilt by
30:Not to be confused with
983:Sheehan, Peter (2010).
602:falling in December 640
572:Eastern Orthodox Church
274:
936:. London: John Murray.
598:Arab conquest of Egypt
536:
509:
484:ancient Egyptian canal
475:
842:, pp. 52, 63–64.
530:
504:
473:
448:Canal of the Pharaohs
183:30.00611°N 31.22972°E
148:30.00611°N 31.22972°E
91:Alternative name
926:, ed. (1854–1857). "
614:John Bishop of Nikiû
604:to the Arab general
587:Eastern Roman Empire
568:accepted the council
564:Council of Chalcedon
265:Church of St. George
1116:Salah El-Din castle
1010:Karelin, Dmitry A.
328:(2686–2181 BC)
179: /
144: /
39:
1096:Citadel of Qaitbay
1081:An-Nekhel Fortress
879:100 (1994) 283–318
554:, the capital and
537:
510:
476:
309:ẖrj ꜥḥꜣ (Kheriaha)
214:ⲡⲁⲃⲓⲗⲱⲛ or Ⲃⲁⲃⲩⲗⲱⲛ
188:30.00611; 31.22972
153:30.00611; 31.22972
82:Shown within Egypt
37:
1138:
1137:
1106:El-Gendi Fortress
996:978-977-416-731-7
975:978-0-674-00316-3
897:978-88-209-9070-1
830:, pp. 58–59.
818:, pp. 20–22.
816:Gabra et al. 2013
764:, pp. 35–38.
498:(r. 521–486 BC).
480:Nebuchadnezzar II
416:Nebuchadnezzar II
408:
407:
382:
381:
378:
377:
341:
340:
329:
304:
303:
300:
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163:
162:
107:Cairo Governorate
16:(Redirected from
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1176:Achaemenid Egypt
1171:Castles in Egypt
1133:
1086:Babylon Fortress
1060:Castles in Egypt
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610:Coptic Christian
556:metropolitan see
351:
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215:
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198:Babylon Fortress
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712:Gauthier (1925)
710:
706:
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681:
668:
664:
655:
653:
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606:'Amr ibn al-'As
576:Catholic Church
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18:Babylon (Egypt)
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859:
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676:. p. 203.
662:
637:
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634:
631:
629:
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560:Roman province
533:Hanging Church
514:Amnis Traianus
507:Trajan's canal
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269:Hanging Church
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1092:
1091:Cairo Citadel
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1076:Kumma (Nubia)
1074:
1072:
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954:9789774167690
950:
946:
945:
939:
935:
934:
929:
925:
920:
919:public domain
911:
910:
898:
894:
890:
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873:
868:
867:Klaas A. Worp
863:
856:
855:
848:
841:
836:
829:
824:
817:
812:
805:
800:
794:, pp. 2.
793:
788:
780:
776:
770:
763:
758:
756:
754:
745:
741:
740:
732:
726:, p. 38.
725:
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708:
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696:
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666:
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648:
642:
638:
625:
624:manuscripts.
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412:John of Nikiu
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281:
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261:Coptic Museum
258:
254:
249:
247:
243:
239:
238:ancient canal
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
218:Ancient Roman
211:
203:
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157:
129:
125:
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53:
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1166:Coptic Cairo
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985:
964:
943:
931:
907:Bibliography
888:
884:
876:
871:
862:
853:
847:
840:Sheehan 2010
835:
828:Sheehan 2010
823:
811:
804:Sheehan 2010
799:
792:Raymond 2000
787:
778:
769:
762:Sheehan 2010
738:
731:
724:Sheehan 2010
719:
707:
689:
682:
672:
665:
654:. Retrieved
651:St-Takla.org
650:
641:
617:
595:
584:
538:
535:stands today
513:
511:
477:
460:Middle Egypt
437:
409:
257:Middle Egypt
250:
230:Coptic Cairo
197:
196:
164:
1111:Fort Julien
928:Ba'bylon 2.
695:John Murray
596:During the
585:During the
580:titular see
552:Leontopolis
428:Spiegelberg
424:Mesopotamia
391:hieroglyphs
324:Old Kingdom
313:hieroglyphs
206:حصن بابليون
186: /
151: /
127:Coordinates
121:Lower Egypt
1145:Categories
697:. p.
656:2024-02-26
628:References
618:Chronicle,
518:Diocletian
488:Heliopolis
234:Diocletian
222:Nile Delta
174:31°13′47″E
139:31°13′47″E
1161:Old Cairo
899:), p. 844
633:Citations
548:suffragan
544:bishopric
541:Christian
434:Situation
226:Old Cairo
171:30°0′22″N
136:30°0′22″N
1101:El Gamil
777:(1814).
714:, p. 110
622:Ethiopic
574:and the
267:and the
216:) is an
103:Location
921::
616:in his
558:of the
492:Persian
466:History
452:Red Sea
440:Memphis
420:Babylon
246:Red Sea
96:ⲡⲁⲃⲓⲗⲱⲛ
44:ⲡⲁⲃⲓⲗⲱⲛ
38:Babylon
32:Babylon
993:
972:
951:
895:
591:Phocas
496:Darius
242:Trajan
210:Coptic
202:Arabic
117:Region
1121:Tjaru
1071:Buhen
965:Cairo
875:, in
578:as a
494:king
456:Lower
253:Lower
111:Egypt
991:ISBN
970:ISBN
949:ISBN
893:ISBN
699:1030
546:, a
458:and
444:Nile
275:Name
255:and
930:".
550:of
389:in
320:Era
311:in
248:.
228:or
1147::
1014:.
869:,
752:^
744:39
693:.
649:.
593:.
582:.
322::
271:.
212::
208:;
204::
109:,
1045:e
1038:t
1031:v
999:.
978:.
957:.
746:.
701:.
659:.
200:(
34:.
20:)
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