213:
1220:
45:
411:
313:
291:
For most of the 20th century, Baco blanc was the primary grape of the
Armagnac region. Its reached it peak in the 1970s when more than 85% of all plantings in the area were Baco blanc, accounting for more than 10,700 hectares (26,000 acres). However, as Ugni blanc began gaining more of a foothold in
324:
Baco blanc is found primarily in France and was one of the "work-horse" hybrids that the country turned to following the phylloxera epidemic of the late 19th century. While scattered plantings could be found throughout France, most of the Baco blanc plantings could be found on the west side of the
299:
This decline led to some speculation about the future of the variety, especially after a 1992 (INAO) decree that all vines of Baco blanc were to be uprooted by 2010. However, advocates for the grape variety and its historical role in
Armagnac were able to persuade French authorities to continue
204:(INAO) decree that all vines of Baco blanc were to be uprooted by 2010. However, advocates for the grape variety and its historical role in Armagnac were able to persuade French authorities to continue permitting its use in the distilled wines from the Armagnac region.
300:
permitting its use in the distilled wines from the
Armagnac region. While far from its early to mid-20th century prominence, the variety continues to play an important role in the Armagnac region and, as of 2005, the
561:
378:
AOC wines). Even in its
Armagnac stronghold, Baco blanc vines are being uprooted and replanted with Ugni blanc. Similarly, Baco blanc experienced a brief period of popularity in the emerging
296:
regions, the plantings of Baco blanc began to gradually decline. By the end of the 20th century, Ugni blanc had eclipsed Baco blanc as the most widely planted grape in
Armagnac.
1207:
1004:
941:
689:
759:
773:
272:
regions of France. But, in addition to its difficulties with the new
American rootstock, the grape was highly susceptible to several grape diseases including
962:
955:
913:
843:
284:
but without the susceptibility that had plagued Folle
Blanche growers. While growers in the Cognac region began adopting Ugni blanc (the same grape known in
280:
in
Armagnac. The aim of François Baco was to produce a grape that had many of the neutral flavors and characteristics which made Folle blanche favorable for
1123:
460:, grape-based spirits made from Baco blanc often are not as fine and complex as those made from Folle blanche or Ugni blanc. But they do have a tendency to
195:– but only Armagnac was permitted under French regulations to use Baco blanc and until the late 1970s, Baco blanc was the primary grape of Armagnac.
1165:
1018:
899:
1193:
1095:
1032:
920:
558:
472:
Baco blanc and its wines are known under a variety of synonyms including 22 A Baco, Baco 22 A, Baco 22-A, Baco 221, Maurice Baco, and
Piquepoul de Pays.
766:
131:
1137:
1067:
1025:
878:
717:
745:
631:
244:
200:
382:
industry during the 20th century but as that century drew to a close, New
Zealand producers also turned away from the variety to concentrate on
293:
198:
Following the grape's decline in the late 20th century, there was some speculation about the future of the variety, especially after a 1992
374:
495:
90:
345:
regions of the "Middle Loire". The early to the mid-20th century saw a particular "boom period" in the Loire, with its cool
624:
1637:
155:
Baco blanc was developed to produce some of the same flavors as Folle blanche but without the susceptibility to American
1219:
601:
541:
521:
316:
Since the end of the 20th century, Baco blanc has been falling out of favor as more growers replant with Ugni blanc
349:
in most areas, for hybrid varieties. At late as 1979, Baco blanc along with other hybrid grapes such as Baco noir,
1642:
617:
235:
of the mid to late 19th century, and the American hybrid grape Noah (itself a previously crossing of an unknown
304:(BNIA) reported that the grape variety was still used in the production of nearly half of all Armagnac.
288:
as Trebbiano), growers in the Armagnac region began to enthusiastically plant Baco's new white hybrid.
346:
1046:
398:. Today, what little Baco blanc is left in New Zealand is used primarily for distillations and
326:
112:
1266:
439:
934:
1591:
1102:
794:
49:
A bottle of 1956 Armagnac made when Baco blanc was the primary grape variety of the region
8:
330:
269:
232:
220:
Baco blanc was bred in 1898 by French grape breeder François Baco from a crossing of the
836:
364:
But since the mid to late 20th century, the grape variety has fallen out of favor among
258:
Prior to Baco noir's development, Folle blanche was the primarily grape variety for the
1536:
1316:
1186:
990:
969:
850:
801:
780:
491:
461:
399:
325:
country (in many of the areas where its parent vine, Folle blanche is found, from the
1576:
1466:
1461:
1421:
1416:
1371:
1356:
1241:
1200:
1116:
1088:
997:
976:
787:
738:
731:
597:
537:
517:
431:
184:
387:
247:. Four years earlier François Baco had used Folle blanche and an unknown species of
96:
1606:
1426:
1386:
1179:
1130:
1109:
948:
906:
822:
675:
668:
661:
379:
172:
1571:
1556:
1546:
1516:
1486:
1456:
1381:
1331:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1081:
983:
857:
703:
696:
682:
565:
457:
395:
418:
While Baco blanc does not share Folle blanche's sensitivities to grey and black
1611:
1496:
1471:
1376:
1281:
1246:
1236:
1172:
1151:
1053:
1039:
927:
885:
871:
864:
454:
423:
265:
176:
142:
136:
1441:
1631:
1596:
1551:
1541:
1531:
1511:
1506:
1451:
1411:
1361:
1336:
1271:
1158:
1060:
1011:
829:
815:
808:
752:
724:
710:
447:
426:. This susceptibility is enhanced due to the tendency of Baco blanc vines to
368:
producers who are continuing pulling up their hybrid grapes and returning to
342:
156:
148:
123:
119:
115:
1616:
1561:
1346:
1306:
1261:
1228:
435:
434:, putting them at risk to rain and moisture of both early spring and early
358:
285:
281:
442:
cycle doesn't bode well for wine production, its tendency to produce high
1601:
1566:
1526:
1501:
1481:
1436:
1431:
1311:
1144:
609:
443:
365:
350:
212:
187:
districts north of Gascony) are brandies made from white grapes –
1586:
1366:
1351:
1341:
1276:
464:, which creates a market for brandies meant for near-term consumption.
419:
391:
338:
260:
188:
160:
127:
1446:
1401:
1396:
1321:
1256:
1074:
892:
427:
277:
252:
225:
192:
180:
44:
1581:
1476:
1406:
334:
273:
228:
1521:
1326:
354:
164:
410:
1491:
1391:
168:
646:
28:
312:
224:
Folle blanche, which was having difficulties taking to the
251:
to produce a dark skin version of Baco blanc known as
361:
accounting for more than 10% of all grape plantings.
140:
parent. Noah, its other parent, is itself a cross of
163:. In the 20th century it was widely planted in the
1629:
302:Bureau National Interprofessionnel de L'Armagnac
66:Interspecific crossing (French-American hybrid)
405:
625:
508:
506:
504:
201:Institut National des Appellations d'Origine
639:
632:
618:
588:
586:
584:
582:
580:
578:
576:
501:
43:
551:
549:
372:-only plantings (which are permitted for
216:François Baco, the breeder of Baco blanc.
409:
311:
211:
207:
573:
130:, created in 1898 by the grape breeder
1630:
546:
514:Jancis Robinson's Guide to Wine Grapes
487:
485:
329:regions of Gascony all the way to the
613:
526:
496:Vitis International Variety Catalogue
516:pg 27 Oxford University Press 1996
482:
13:
333:where it was particularly popular
14:
1654:
596:pg 28, 238 Mitchell Beazley 1986
450:does work well for distillation.
446:, neutral flavor grapes with low
1218:
375:Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée
307:
264:grape brandies produced in the
1:
475:
75:
7:
422:, it can be susceptible to
406:Viticulture and wine styles
10:
1659:
1638:White wine grape varieties
1209:V. zhejiang-adstricta
555:Harper's Wine and Spirits
536:pg 39 Harcourt Books 2001
467:
1227:
1216:
943:V. lanceolatifoliosa
645:
594:Vines, Grapes & Wines
414:A 1967 bottle of Armagnac
276:in the Cognac region and
89:
81:
70:
62:
54:
42:
26:
21:
1048:V. pseudoreticulata
1006:V. Ă— novae-angliae
134:. Folle blanche is its
1643:Hybrid grape varieties
1104:V. shuttleworthii
761:V. bloodworthiana
640:Hybrid grape varieties
534:Encyclopedia of Grapes
415:
327:South West France wine
321:
217:
113:French-American hybrid
964:V. luochengensis
957:V. longquanensis
915:V. jinggangensis
845:V. erythrophylla
498:, accessed 2010-11-24
438:. However, while its
413:
315:
215:
208:History and parentage
1188:V. xunyangensis
1167:V. wenchouensis
1076:V. rotundifolia
1020:V. peninsularis
992:V. mustangensis
971:V. menghaiensis
901:V. jacquemontii
852:V. fengqinensis
803:V. chunganensis
782:V. bryoniifolia
691:V. Ă— andersonii
320:and other varieties.
191:, Folle blanche and
1202:V. yunnanensis
1118:V. sinocinerea
1097:V. shenxiensis
1090:V. ruyuanensis
1034:V. pilosonerva
999:V. nesbittiana
978:V. mengziensis
796:V. Ă— champinii
789:V. californica
775:V. Ă— bourquina
740:V. betulifolia
733:V. berlandieri
233:phylloxera epidemic
167:region for uses in
55:Color of berry skin
1181:V. wuhanensis
1132:V. tiliifolia
1125:V. Ă— slavinii
1111:V. silvestrii
950:V. lincecumii
908:V. jaegeriana
838:V. Ă— doaniana
824:V. coignetiae
768:V. bourgaeana
677:V. aestivalis
670:V. adenoclada
663:V. acerifolia
564:2011-10-02 at the
559:Baco to the Future
416:
322:
218:
1625:
1624:
1592:Triomphe d'Alsace
1427:Lakemont seedless
1139:V. treleasei
1083:V. rupestris
1069:V. romanetii
1027:V. piasezkii
985:V. monticola
880:V. hancockii
859:V. ficifolia
719:V. bashanica
705:V. balansana
698:V. arizonica
684:V. amurensis
185:Charente-Maritime
171:production. Both
102:
101:
1650:
1222:
1174:V. wilsonae
1153:V. vinifera
1055:V. retordii
1041:V. popenoei
929:V. labrusca
887:V. heyneana
873:V. girdiana
866:V. flexuosa
747:V. biformis
634:
627:
620:
611:
610:
604:
590:
571:
553:
544:
530:
524:
510:
499:
489:
380:New Zealand wine
347:maritime climate
239:species and the
47:
36:
31:
19:
18:
16:Variety of grape
1658:
1657:
1653:
1652:
1651:
1649:
1648:
1647:
1628:
1627:
1626:
1621:
1537:Rogers' Hybrids
1457:Marechal Joffre
1392:Himrod seedless
1287:Cabernet Cortis
1229:Notable hybrids
1223:
1214:
1160:V. vulpina
1062:V. riparia
1013:V. palmata
936:V. Ă— labruscana
831:V. davidii
817:V. cinerea
810:V. chungii
754:V. blancoi
726:V. bellula
712:V. barbata
641:
638:
608:
607:
591:
574:
566:Wayback Machine
554:
547:
531:
527:
511:
502:
490:
483:
478:
470:
458:Jancis Robinson
408:
396:Sauvignon blanc
386:grapes such as
310:
210:
50:
34:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1656:
1646:
1645:
1640:
1623:
1622:
1620:
1619:
1614:
1612:Villard grapes
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1417:L'Acadie blanc
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1282:Cabernet blanc
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1233:
1231:
1225:
1224:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1212:
1205:
1198:
1195:V. Yeshanensis
1191:
1184:
1177:
1170:
1163:
1156:
1149:
1142:
1135:
1128:
1121:
1114:
1107:
1100:
1093:
1086:
1079:
1072:
1065:
1058:
1051:
1044:
1037:
1030:
1023:
1016:
1009:
1002:
995:
988:
981:
974:
967:
960:
953:
946:
939:
932:
925:
922:V. Kelungensis
918:
911:
904:
897:
890:
883:
876:
869:
862:
855:
848:
841:
834:
827:
820:
813:
806:
799:
792:
785:
778:
771:
764:
757:
750:
743:
736:
729:
722:
715:
708:
701:
694:
687:
680:
673:
666:
658:
656:
643:
642:
637:
636:
629:
622:
614:
606:
605:
572:
570:July 14th 2005
545:
525:
500:
480:
479:
477:
474:
469:
466:
455:Master of Wine
440:growing season
424:powdery mildew
407:
404:
388:MĂĽller-Thurgau
309:
306:
237:Vitis labrusca
222:Vitis vinifera
209:
206:
143:Vitis labrusca
137:Vitis vinifera
100:
99:
94:
87:
86:
83:
79:
78:
72:
68:
67:
64:
60:
59:
56:
52:
51:
48:
40:
39:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1655:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1635:
1633:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1597:Valvin muscat
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1552:Seibel grapes
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1452:Marechal Foch
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1272:Blanc du Bois
1270:
1268:
1267:Black Spanish
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1226:
1221:
1211:
1210:
1206:
1204:
1203:
1199:
1197:
1196:
1192:
1190:
1189:
1185:
1183:
1182:
1178:
1176:
1175:
1171:
1169:
1168:
1164:
1162:
1161:
1157:
1155:
1154:
1150:
1148:
1147:
1146:V. tsoii
1143:
1141:
1140:
1136:
1134:
1133:
1129:
1127:
1126:
1122:
1120:
1119:
1115:
1113:
1112:
1108:
1106:
1105:
1101:
1099:
1098:
1094:
1092:
1091:
1087:
1085:
1084:
1080:
1078:
1077:
1073:
1071:
1070:
1066:
1064:
1063:
1059:
1057:
1056:
1052:
1050:
1049:
1045:
1043:
1042:
1038:
1036:
1035:
1031:
1029:
1028:
1024:
1022:
1021:
1017:
1015:
1014:
1010:
1008:
1007:
1003:
1001:
1000:
996:
994:
993:
989:
987:
986:
982:
980:
979:
975:
973:
972:
968:
966:
965:
961:
959:
958:
954:
952:
951:
947:
945:
944:
940:
938:
937:
933:
931:
930:
926:
924:
923:
919:
917:
916:
912:
910:
909:
905:
903:
902:
898:
896:
895:
891:
889:
888:
884:
882:
881:
877:
875:
874:
870:
868:
867:
863:
861:
860:
856:
854:
853:
849:
847:
846:
842:
840:
839:
835:
833:
832:
828:
826:
825:
821:
819:
818:
814:
812:
811:
807:
805:
804:
800:
798:
797:
793:
791:
790:
786:
784:
783:
779:
777:
776:
772:
770:
769:
765:
763:
762:
758:
756:
755:
751:
749:
748:
744:
742:
741:
737:
735:
734:
730:
728:
727:
723:
721:
720:
716:
714:
713:
709:
707:
706:
702:
700:
699:
695:
693:
692:
688:
686:
685:
681:
679:
678:
674:
672:
671:
667:
665:
664:
660:
659:
657:
655:
654:
650:
644:
635:
630:
628:
623:
621:
616:
615:
612:
603:
602:1-85732-999-6
599:
595:
589:
587:
585:
583:
581:
579:
577:
569:
567:
563:
560:
552:
550:
543:
542:0-15-100714-4
539:
535:
529:
523:
522:0-19-860098-4
519:
515:
509:
507:
505:
497:
493:
488:
486:
481:
473:
465:
463:
459:
456:
453:According to
451:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
412:
403:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
376:
371:
367:
362:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
319:
314:
305:
303:
297:
295:
289:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
262:
256:
254:
250:
249:Vitis riparia
246:
242:
241:Vitis riparia
238:
234:
230:
227:
223:
214:
205:
203:
202:
196:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
157:grape disease
153:
151:
150:
149:Vitis riparia
145:
144:
139:
138:
133:
132:François Baco
129:
125:
124:Folle blanche
121:
117:
116:grape variety
114:
110:
106:
98:
95:
92:
88:
84:
82:Notable wines
80:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
46:
41:
37:
30:
25:
20:
1617:Zarya severa
1562:Seyval blanc
1347:Couderc noir
1307:Cayuga White
1251:
1208:
1201:
1194:
1187:
1180:
1173:
1166:
1159:
1152:
1145:
1138:
1131:
1124:
1117:
1110:
1103:
1096:
1089:
1082:
1075:
1068:
1061:
1054:
1047:
1040:
1033:
1026:
1019:
1012:
1005:
998:
991:
984:
977:
970:
963:
956:
949:
942:
935:
928:
921:
914:
907:
900:
893:
886:
879:
872:
865:
858:
851:
844:
837:
830:
823:
816:
809:
802:
795:
788:
781:
774:
767:
760:
753:
746:
739:
732:
725:
718:
711:
704:
697:
690:
683:
676:
669:
662:
652:
648:
593:
592:J. Robinson
556:
533:
528:
513:
512:J. Robinson
471:
452:
436:harvest time
417:
383:
373:
369:
363:
359:Villard noir
331:Loire Valley
323:
317:
308:Wine regions
301:
298:
290:
282:distillation
259:
257:
248:
240:
236:
221:
219:
199:
197:
154:
147:
141:
135:
108:
104:
103:
74:see list of
33:
1602:Vidal blanc
1567:Seyval noir
1527:Ravat blanc
1502:Olmo grapes
1482:Muscat bleu
1442:LĂ©on Millot
1437:Landot noir
1432:Landal noir
1312:Chambourcin
894:V. hui
462:age quickly
366:French wine
351:Chambourcin
294:Gascon wine
71:Also called
1632:Categories
1587:Traminette
1367:Flot rouge
1352:De Chaunac
1342:Corot noir
1317:Chancellor
1277:Breidecker
1252:Baco blanc
532:Oz Clarke
492:Baco blanc
476:References
432:ripen late
430:early and
420:grape rots
392:Chardonnay
339:Anjou wine
318:(pictured)
261:eau de vie
231:after the
189:Ugni blanc
179:(from the
161:phylloxera
128:Noah grape
118:. It is a
105:Baco blanc
22:Baco blanc
1577:St. Pepin
1467:Massasoit
1462:Marquette
1447:Malverina
1422:La Crosse
1402:Jaeger 70
1397:Ives noir
1372:Frontenac
1357:Edelweiss
1322:Chardonel
1257:Baco noir
1242:Alexander
278:black rot
253:Baco noir
226:rootstock
193:Colombard
181:Charentes
1607:Vignoles
1582:Thomcord
1477:Merzling
1407:Kay Gray
1387:Hibernal
562:Archived
384:vinifera
370:vinifera
335:Muscadet
274:grey rot
270:Armagnac
229:grafting
173:Armagnac
126:and the
109:Baco 22A
85:Armagnac
76:synonyms
1572:Solaris
1557:Severny
1547:Royalty
1522:Plantet
1517:Phoenix
1487:Niagara
1382:Herbert
1337:Concord
1332:Clinton
1327:Chelois
1302:Catawba
1297:Cassady
1292:Cascade
653:species
647:Grape (
468:Synonym
400:spirits
355:Plantet
165:Gascony
63:Species
1497:Norton
1492:Noiret
1472:Melody
1377:Goethe
1247:Aurore
1237:Agawam
600:
540:
520:
448:sugars
343:Saumur
292:other
266:Cognac
245:Taylor
243:grape
177:Cognac
169:brandy
93:number
1542:Rondo
1532:Requa
1512:Orion
1507:Onaka
1412:Kyoho
1362:Flora
649:Vitis
286:Italy
120:cross
111:is a
58:Blanc
35:Vitis
29:Grape
1262:Beta
598:ISBN
538:ISBN
518:ISBN
444:acid
394:and
357:and
337:and
268:and
183:and
175:and
159:and
146:and
91:VIVC
428:bud
152:.
122:of
107:or
97:868
1634::
651:)
575:^
548:^
503:^
494:,
484:^
402:.
390:,
353:,
255:.
633:e
626:t
619:v
568:"
557:"
341:-
38:)
32:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
